Community Consultations on Durable Solutions

Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province

CHIURE
November 2023

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 29,698 persons 18,314 in displacement sites (7,084 HHs)

10,400 households 11,384 in host communities (3,316 HHs)

Intentions
Wish to remain in
current location 66% 29% Wish to return to
place of origin
43% women, 23% men
Out of those intending to return, displaced households plan to
Out of those who intend to remain, only 37% of them do so only when security situation allows (78%), immediately
would eventually want to return (see Chart 3.1) (9%), in 3 months (8%) and in the next 6 months of more (6%).

Wish to relocate to another

Remain undecided 4% 1% site/district/province
Note: For the methodology of the survey and community consultation, please refer to page 6 of the report.

Enablers and factors influencing decisions on the preferred solution

Based on the results of the community consultation and survey, although most of the displaced population prefers to stay in the
current location, IDPs still plan to eventually return when the situation (security, access to services, and to livelihood opportunities)
improves in the areas of origin.

13/13 3/13 6/13

FGD groups gave high importance to FGD groups shared they have good FGD groups noted limited humanitarian
security and safety in the places of origin relationship with the host assistance is one of the reasons for
community misunderstanding between host and IDPs

Factors influencing the decision to return: The community Factors supporting local integration: For IDPs who prefer to
consultations showed that security in return areas remains the permanently remain in their current location, the main factor
main consideration for their intention to stay or return. Six out of mentioned is the desire to avoid the security risks in the return
eight groups of adults in Maningane, Chiure Sede and Marare areas. In two FGD groups in Meculane, IDPs consider locally
expressed their preferred plan being to return to their places of integrating in Chiure, while the men and women in Marare and
origin. However, they have strongly affirmed that this only depends the men in Chiure Sede have seen good relationships with the
on the security situation in the areas of return. In addition, men and host community. Women in Chiure Sede rather reported
women pointed out that some other factors in the place of tensions with host families due to access to basic services, such
displacement is shaping their intention to return, such as the lack of as water, hospital, access to cultivation land.
humanitarian support, the conflictual relationship with the host
communities, and the lack of access to livelihood and machambas, Other factors shaping the decision of IDPs on their preferred
even for subsistence farming. The boys and girls, all groups prefer solutions include:
to return to their districts of origin mainly due to their challenging
experiences regarding their relationship with the host community,  livelihood opportunities;
and living conditions in the sites.  safety and security;
 access to basic services such as health, education and
Looking at the security situation among the districts of origin, water;
Muidumbe District (28) recorded the highest incidents of attacks  information about the current situation (security and
and violence against civilians followed by Macomia District (26)– available service);
with at least 1 incident occurring per day in a month for these  the need to access housing, land, and property;
districts (ACLED, 2023). These incidents can be referred to as some  discrimination (host communities, armed forces, or
of the factors that influences the intentions of IDPs. returnees)
 availability of humanitarian and development assistance.
Graph 2: Intentions of the IDPs by places of origin
The survey also shows the intentions of the
Relocation to other affected families depending on their district of
Don’t know Return home Stay in current
site/district/province (place of origin) origin (Graph 2). The higher proportion of IDPs
location
75% who wish to return home are from Moçimboa
71% da Praia and Palma, the two districts hosting
68% 69% 67%
65%
60% the largest number of returnees, where
50% Rwandan Forces are present, and were
43% development actors and private sector are
40%
32% providing services alongside humanitarian.
29% 29% 27% According to DTM-Round 19, in Chiure, the
26%
18% largest number of IDPs come from Muidumbe,
8% 7% Macomia and Quissanga, with high proportion
4% 5% 6%
1% 2% of IDPs wanting to remain in their location, as
Ancuabe Mocimboa per the survey, Muidumbe being one of the
Macomia Meluco Muidumbe Nangade Palma Quissanga
Da Praia districts that has faced the largest number of
attacks in the past months.
For feedback and questions: Aline Fautsch – Protection Cluster Coordinator – Cabo Delgado - fautsch@unhcr.org Page - 1
Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org
 Protection Report | Community Consultations on Durable Solutions
Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province
November 2023

INTENTION TO LOCALLY INTEGRATE

Chart 3.1: IDP Sub-chart 3.1: Future plans of IDPs who
intentions decided to stay in current location
6/13 4/13 6/13
26% Undecided
Return home FGD groups FGD groups FGD groups
(place of
origin) No, I never want to noted that access shared the cited land
29% 37%
66% return to water and need to issues with
other local initiate a the host
37% Yes, eventually I resources are channel of community
would consider triggering tensions communicatio as a
returning between host and n of both host challenge to
Don’t IDPs, thus a main and IDPs in locally
know Stay in the current challenge to local plans integrate
location locally integrate regarding
Note: The survey methodology explained in p. 6 common
Challenges to locally integrate: Since 66% of the IDPs who issues
plans to stay in the current location 37% would consider
returning to their places of origin, while 37% never want to
return, the consultation with the communities shed light on the
challenges IDPs are facing to locally integrate, which include: Graph 4: IDP intentions by gender

 lack of proper coordination and channel of communication

between the host community and displaced persons;
 competition to access local resources such as water, grass,
local materials and services;
 access to land for cultivation;
 challenges in accessing schools, such as distance;
 diminishing assistance and humanitarian aid;
 community tension between IDPs and host particularly
access to water and humanitarian aid;
 no response in the requests for civil documentation.

Positive conditions that encourages IDPs to remain: Despite

the above, some positive factors were also highlighted as
advantages of staying in their current location such as:
 safety and security, since the population expressed not
being constantly fearing attacks;
 lesser protection risks than in areas of origin;
 some IDPs are already engaged in livelihood activities;
 availability of services and assistance albeit limited, including
schools and health centers; and
 some IDPs noted that they have good relationship with the
host community in general, especially in Marare;
 In Chiure sede, the children expressed that they are able to
sleep well and play without fear.
Mental health concerns were also mentioned as a factor
contributing to their decision to stay as the persons interviewed
are still displaced persons with high levels of trauma from what
they experienced before displacement.
Highlights on critical challenges to locally integrate
Relationship between host community and IDPs: In three of the four
sites visited for community consultations, displaced families
emphasized tensions with the host communities mainly due to
competition to access local resources. IDPs expressed that access
to local resources (e.g. water, roofing materials), humanitarian
assistance and land for cultivation has been a source of tension
between the host and IDPs. In some cases, IDPs need to
exchange their goods and their land production in order to
continue working in the land or to access wood for charcoal
production. Also, IDPs mentioned they would only be allowed to
collect water after the host communities collects it for their
household.

Women noted that they experience abuse, insults, offensive

Graph 3: Top five reasons for not wanting to return actions and remarks from some members of the community on
top of receiving accusations that they are occupying a land they
Too much trauma for what
do not own. Girls cited discrimination and name calling in schools.
happened
IDPs also cited the lack of proper channel of communication
House and land destroyed between the host and IDPs to resolve issues or to be able to
coexist peacefully. They would like to use a common forum as a
Insecurity/fear of continued platform to discuss issues of common concern such as the risks
violence of violence and robberies, sources of tensions, and solutions for
Fear of detention/maltreatment for the issues they identify. The boys expressed that they want a
lack of civil documentation normal life in the areas of origin although they understand that
the decision to return rests on their parents. In all groups, the
Lack of reliable information on provision of humanitarian assistance to displaced families only is
conditions there (security, services,
causing misunderstandings and tensions with the host
etc..)
communities as they feel they have been left aside.
Note: The survey methodology explained in p. 6

For feedback and questions: Aline Fautsch – Protection Cluster Coordinator – Cabo Delgado - fautsch@unhcr.org Page - 2
Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org
 Protection Report | Community Consultations on Durable Solutions
Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province
November 2023

Perception from host communities: In Marare, there is a positive
relationship between host and displaced families,
acknowledged by the host community. Despite challenges in
accessing resources and income generating opportunities, the
host community considers the IDPs as part of their community.
In Chiure Sede, host communities face difficulties accessing
resources like water and land for farming, causing strain in their
relationship with IDPs. The host communities to be included as
recipients for humanitarian assistance and continued
community engagement.
Community engagement: According to key informant interviews
with local leaders, there are no clear plans or strategy in order
to support the integration, return or resettlement of IDPs. IDPs
are not involved in the plans of the host community and mainly
do not participate in discussions that could affect them. IDPs
further pointed out they are not involved in any community
planning and thus generally unaware of the plans for their
situation. This is validated in a key informant interview where
IDPs have not participated in any plans, and that there is very
limited, or no information shared by the government.

Key asks and plans of IDPs on their intention to permanently stay LOCAL INTEGRATION: CAPACITIES AVAILABLE

Settle permanently to pursue longer term livelihood activities:
Men’s groups cited that despite challenges in accessing land to
cultivate, they still find the area of displacement safer and there is
no fear of attacks unlike in their areas of origin, and thus this gives
them more opportunities to have agricultural activities and engage
in trade. Women shared that they want to learn farming and raise
animals. At this point, they want to work among displaced women
only as working with other women in host community only creates
misunderstanding such as harvest sharing and land ownership. It is
interesting to note that the girls and boys group cited the need for
materials to support livelihood as one of their needs, along with
food, lighting or energy, utensils and machetes.
Support to children: IDPs expressed the need to support the
children with school materials such as notebooks, recreational
facilities, and establish safe spaces as well as mechanisms to
protect them from crocodiles in one site (Marera).
Support for repair of shelter and other non-food items: In the
discussions, women and girls expressed the need to repair their
shelter roofing. It has been difficult to cut grasses to use for
shelter as the host community does not allow them. The
deteriorating conditions of the roofs exposes IDPs to risks such
as sickness, especially in the rainy season. Other needs include
pots, pans, buckets, utensils and plastic sheets.
 Willingness of host community to locally integrate IDPs
 Men find it safe to settle and pursue long term livelihood
activities, thus willingness to discuss concerns on integration
 Willingness and wishes for IDPs to engage meaningfully with
host communities on common issues
 Some IDPs are already engaged in livelihood activities
 Basic services albeit limited, are available in the place of
displacement
LOCAL INTEGRATION: CAPACITIES NEEDED
 Channel of communication between the host and displaced
community to resolve issues of common interest, including
resource sharing
 Support needed for women to engage in food production,
small business and engage in subsistence farming and animal
raising
 Access to local materials to repair shelters (e.g. grass)
 Recreational facilities for children
 Need to improve access to legal assistance, civil
documentation, and mental health support
 Create a leadership committee that will help facilitate
dialogue and engage both IDP and the host community in
discussions and planning

INTENTION TO RETURN TO AREAS OF ORIGIN

29% of displaced families intends to return to their places of origin at the moment of the
interview (n - 717)

37% of displaced families who decided to stay in the current location at the moment still plans to
eventually return to their places of origin (n – 475)

6/13 11/13 5/13

FGD groups highlighted the need FGD groups highlighted one of the main FGD groups highlighted the need for civil
for information from government reasons motivating their return is the documentation due to expected HLP problems,
authorities competition over local resources resulting arbitrary detentions or mistreatment when
in tensions with the host community they return

For feedback and questions: Aline Fautsch – Protection Cluster Coordinator – Cabo Delgado - fautsch@unhcr.org Page - 3
Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org
 Protection Report | Community Consultations on Durable Solutions
Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province
November 2023
While majority of the IDPs have the intention to stay in current
location (66%), 37% of these IDPs still plan to return eventually. This is
in addition to those who wish to return to their places of origin at the
moment of the interview.
The intentions are influenced by the following factors:
Graph 5: Top five reasons to return
Lack of services/assistance here
(food, water, shelter, health etc)
Lack of livelihood opportunities
here
To access my house, land or
property in the place of origin
More livelihood opportunities in
my place of origin
Family reunification
Note: The survey methodology explained in p. 6
INTENTION TO RETURN TO AREAS OF ORIGIN (cont.)
Women noted that the living conditions in the sites are very
difficult, and they have very limited avenues to change their
situation. This prompts the decision to return despite the fear of
facing violence perpetrated by non-state armed groups, or other
armed actors. Women specifically mentioned fearing beheadings,
trafficking, theft, violence, rape, death and others. They also do not
expect that they will receive assistance when they return. Men also
understand that it is not safe to return, and the place can still be
considered a conflict-affected area. There is also no assurance that
they will be able to cultivate land as those who previously had
machambas or land before the displacement do not have assurance
to get their property back due to the loss of documentation during
flight. Boys and girls recognized their preferred intention would be
to return, however, they expressed fear due to the presence of
armed actors.
The information IDPs receive is considered not only insufficient but
also informal (from friends and families) regarding the current
situation (safety and security, available services, and livelihood
opportunities)
Protection risks in return areas: Protection risks identified by IDPs
associated with return include:
 Violence including beheading;
 Physical, mental, and sexual abuse to women and girls;
 Abduction of women for marital purposes;
 Child recruitment;
 Killing of men;
 Kidnapping.
RETURNS: CAPACITIES AVAILABLE
 IDPs consulted are prepared to rebuild their lives from scratch
 IDPs are conscious of the continuous security threats that
persist in some return areas
 Some members of the family have already returned to their
places of origin
For feedback and questions: Aline Fautsch – Protection Cluster Coordinator – Cabo Delgado - fautsch@unhcr.org
Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org
Almost half (47%) of the displaced households surveyed
have family members who returned to their places of origin.
In the FGDs, all groups admitted that quite many
households are indeed returning but also mentioned the
pendular movement trend of those IDPs that go the district
of origin to assess the security situation and also come back
to displacement areas as they do have other family
members who are left behind.
Reasons for returning: Similar to the results of the
household survey, during community consultations (FGDs),
IDPs cited the following main reasons for returning to their
place of origin :
 competition over local resources resulting in tensions
with the host community;
 lack of humanitarian assistance and services in
displacement sites;
 high cost of living in current location;
 poor conditions in the displacement sites;
 limited livelihood opportunities even subsistence
farming;
 family reunification.
Primary needs to return: According to the survey results, IDPs
identified the need for transportation support (57%), food (55%),
shelter assistance (36%), and financial assistance (35%) as their
main needs to immediately return to their places of origin. This is
validated by the results of the consultations where IDPs do not
have resources to support them to materialize their movement or
to re-establish their lives in the places of return. The people they
know who have already returned also informed them that there is
very limited support available in the places of origin including
access to basic services.
Graph 6: Primary needs of IDPs for return
Note: The survey methodology explained in p. 6
RETURNS: CAPACITIES NEEDED
 Support to initiate or start-up livelihood activities including
agricultural input to farming or tools for fishing
 Access to land or machambas for cultivation
 Longer term safety and security (including presence of police)
 Accurate and up-to-date information on the situation and
conditions in return areas, especially coming from the
government
 Available basic infrastructures such as health centers, schools,
water points
 Support to access legal documentation
 Support for shelter materials and other NFIs
Page - 4
 Protection Report | Community Consultations on Durable Solutions
Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province
November 2023

Access and availability of information

During community consultations, IDPs noted that they have not

received any formal information on the situation in the return
areas or on the plans for them to be guided on what available
durable solutions can be pursued. As mentioned above, both the
IDPs and host communities admitted that there has not been any
dialogue between the two groups and IDPs have not been
engaged in any planning activities.

The main sources of information for the displaced families are

from family or community members who have already returned to
their places of origin. Their decision on the preferred solution
mainly rely from these sources although they expressed the need
to receive more information, particularly on the situation in return
areas, humanitarian assistance available, basic services available.
They also request that the information should be shared by the
government authorities through radio.

OPERATIONAL CONTEXT
Food Security and Livelihood Cluster: The most recent Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Report covering October 2023
to March 2024 classified the District of Chiure as Phase 3 (crisis) with 35 percent of households (126.598 people) having significant food
consumption gaps reflected by high or above-usual acute malnutrition or marginally able to meet minimum food needs only by depleting
essential livelihoods assets or through crisis-coping strategies.

Education Cluster: According to Cabo Delgado provincial education authorities (DPE), in the 2023 school year there were 92,528
students enrolled in public primary and secondary education in Chiure district, of which about 46% were girls. This is based on the official
statistics of the education sector, collected in March of every year. An estimated 6% of the students enrolled in March 2023 were IDPs,
but the figure is expected to have decreased by the end of the school year, as many IDPs returned to their districts of origin. The overall
student/teacher ratio for primary education in the district was 89 (standard should be 40). All schools were functioning normally, but 172
out of 1,186 classes took place outdoors. In 2023, five partners (NNGO, INGO and UN) have implemented activities in Chiure, and the
number is expected to remain approximately similar also in 2024..

As for the Protection Cluster, from January to October 2023, protection services were provided to 23.739 IDP’s and host communities
by protection partners, including AIFO, Helpcode, Humanity Inclusion, Instituto Wiwanana, IsraAID, IOM, Plan International, Save the
Children, UNFPA and UNHCR. Most beneficiaries have been reached with Gender-Based Violence (13.000), Child Protection (4.767),
General Protection (5.736) and PSEA (236) activities. Among the services provided were care for psychosocial support services, women
and girls friendly spaces and child protection monitoring.

Displacement in Chiure Graph 7: Districts of origin of Chart 1: Length of stay of IDPs

displaced persons in Chiure
Chiure is considered the 8th district with the highest Less than 1 year 4 years and above
number of internally displaced persons (IDP) in Cabo
4%
Delgado – hosting at least 25,691 IDPs (approximately 1 year
8%
6,336 households). There are about 85% of IDPs who 12%
are temporarily living in nine displacement sites and 15%
in 5 host communities (14 neighborhoods). Most IDPs
are originally from the districts of Muidumbe (36%) and 44% 3 years
Macomia (32%).
2 years 32%
The average number of years IDPs are currently
displaced in Chiure is 2.6.

“A durable solution is achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are
linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination that stems from their displacement (ie. IDPs
should be sustainably reintegrated at the place of displacement, relocation or the place of origin, in the case of returns).”

- IASC Framework on Durable Solutions

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Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org
 Community Consultations on Durable Solutions
Mozambique – Chiure District – Cabo Delgado Province
November 2023

Rationale on engaging communities on durable solutions

To place IDPs at the center of actions impacting their lives as well as a means to materialize informed decisions, the Protection
Cluster presents, through this report, the results of coordinated community consultation on intentions and durable solutions to
understand coping strategies as well as preferred solutions for IDPs on return, relocation or on reintegration in their current location.

Understanding IDP’s movement intentions and vulnerabilities may contribute to facilitating safe and durable solutions for people in
protracted displacement. In addition, observed movement dynamics raised the question of the extent to which intentions varied
based on population groups, where IDPs are originally from, and where they are currently displaced.

To address these information gaps and effectively support those who want to be relocated, those who want to be integrated within
host communities and those returning to their area of origin as well as to advocate for IDPs to be able to make a free and informed
decision and against any organized pre-mature return, this report serves as an evidence-based data to amplify programming and
advocacy to enhance principled returns, relocations and support local integration efforts.

Methodology

The analysis on the IDPs preferred solutions is based on an intention survey conducted by members of the Protection Cluster, with
717 households in nine displacement sites and five host communities within 14 neighborhoods. All graphs presented in this report is
based on the results of the survey. The survey was completed in August 2023, complementing findings from the focus group
discussions and key informant interviews. The figures presented in this report are representative of the displaced population in the
district using a probabilistic sampling methodology.

The Protection Cluster conducted community consultations with different groups of IDPs both in displacement sites, those in host
communities as well as with host community members:

Consultations in Displacement Sites Consultations in Host Communities

No. of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs): No. of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs):
13 groups (3 for girls, 2 for boys, 4 for women, 4 for 2 groups (men and women)
men) No. of neighborhoods consulted:
No. of participants to FGDs / consultations: 2 (Chiure Sede, Marare)
302 (72 girls, 52 boys, 100 women, 78 men) No. households surveyed:
No. of sites covered: 223 (31% of the total households surveyed)
4 (Chiure Sede, Marare, Maringane, Meculane)
No. households surveyed:
493 (69% of total households surveyed)
Household Intention Survey
The household survey used a probabilistic sampling methodology with 98% confidence Respondent
level and 5% margin of error. Random walk with designated and structured instructions
was used to select the HH for interview. As such, every house is interviewed from the 62% female
starting point to a certain direction in a given area. The methodology has its limitation in 717 38% male
mixed population but has advantages in confined areas such as displacement sites. The
result generates a representative analysis of the displaced population in the district. HHs 86% 18 – 59 years old
P- popn, N-numerator. 14% 60 and above

Key Informant Interviews

Protection Cluster also interviewed individually the following persons: District Administrator, Chefe do Bairro, Chefe da Secretaria da
Localidade, a psicosocial volunteer, a CCCM volunteer, the community leaders for IDP sites and those from the host communities.

Disclaimer: The data and information presented in this report is only based on the intended scope of the community
consultations and survey. In cases, where additional information is needed that are outside the scope of this exercise, this
should prompt referencing with other data collection activities or reports published, or rightly so – should trigger interest into
including those in other planned data collection activities.

KEY PARTICIPATING PARTNERS

For feedback and questions: Aline Fautsch – Protection Cluster Coordinator – Cabo Delgado - fautsch@unhcr.org Page - 6
Or reach out to us through: mozmaprocluster@unhcr.org