FS 5 – LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES

CHAPTER 5
MAJOR COMPONENT OF POLYGRAPH

1. Pneumograph – designed esigned to detect and record changes in respiration of the subject which consists of
the following:

a. Rubber Convoluted Tube – about 10 inches corrugated rubber attached to the body of the subject;

b. Beaded Chain – used to lock the rubber convoluted tube;

c. Recording Pen Unit – consisting of two 5 inches recording pen;

d. Sensitivity Knob – used to adjust the desired size of tracings;

e. Vents – used to release excess pressure form the system

f. Pneumo Module – located inside the instrument that receives the reactions detected by the corrugated tube
and moves the pen to record the reactions on the chart

2. Cardiosphygmograph – designed to detect changes in the cardiovascular activity of the subject. It consists of
the ff:

a. Blood Pressure Cuff – attached to the upper right arm of the subject, above the brachial artery;

b. Sphygmomanometer – used to indicate the amount of air pressure inflated to the system.Usually
a. about 60 mm of mercury or male subjects;

c. Recording Pen Unit – five inches length.

d. Air Pump/ Pump Bulb – designed to supply air to the system.

e. Cardio Module – located inside the instrument that receives the reactions detected by the cuff and moves
the pen to record the reactions on the chart;

Cardiosphygmograph provides a record of the following:

1. Relative Blood Volume Pressure – is the changes in the average value of the cardiac tracing (waveform)
with respect to a baseline.

a. Diastolic Blood Pressure – refers to the downward blood pressure representing the low pressure to
the closing of the valves and heart relaxed;

b. Systolic Blood Pressure – the upward blood pressure as the apex of the curve caused by the
contraction of the heart,valves are open and blood is rushing into the arteries;

2. Pulse Amplitude – is the changes inlse amplitude (tracing height) independent of baseline;
3. Pulse Rate – changes in heart rate or time between pulses;
4. Dicrotic Notch

 changes in relative position of the dicrotic notch or pulse waveform;

 short horizontal notch in a cardio-tracing located at the middle of the diastolic stem
 FS 5 – LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES

3. Galvanograph – designed to detect changes in skin resistance of the subject.

a. Finger Electrode Assembly consists of:

1. Finger Electrode Plate and Retainer Bond – attached to the index and ring finger of the subject;

2. Connecting Plug – attached the system to the instrument;

b. Recording Pen Unit – usually 7 inches;

c. Amplifier Unit – designed to support the galvanometer in converting electrical to mechanical current;

d. GSR Module – located inside the instrument that receives the reactions detected by the finger electrodes
and moves the pen to record the reactions on the chart

How does GSR record?

Galvanic Skin Response – is the change in the body's resistance to the passage of a minute electrical sensing
current;

The electrodes electrically connect the subject to the instrument. These provide a 5 microamp sensing current to the
subject, far below the threshold of feeling.

Additional:

4. Kymograph

 serves as the paper feed mechanism of the polygraph machine;

 It is a motor that pulls or drives the chart paper under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of five
seconds per vertical chart division or twelve divisions in one minute run.

a. Cutter Bar – used to cut the paper at the end of the test;

b. Rubber Roller – the one responsible for pulling the paper out of the machine;

c. Pen Table – flat portion where the pen writes on the chart;

d. Paper Rail Guide – serves as the security for the unnecessary movement of the chart paper or to
ensure the paper's forward movement without shaking;

e. Synchronous Motor – runs the chart paper at the uniform rate speed regardless of the voltage
change.

f. Polygraph Chart – approximately 100 ft. rolled graph paper with approximately 4-inch horizontal
division and 1/2inch vertical division equivalent to 5 second’s runs;

g. Pen and Inking System – the one that provides for the permanent record of the test

h. Capillary Ink – a water-based ink intended for polygraph instruments