Concrete Works

Concrete work Includes

 Rebar production and placing
 Formwork
 Concrete casing
 Block work
 Plastering

Types of Brick Bonds

A brick bond is a pattern in which the brick is laid. Brick bonds don’t only apply to the walls
but also for brick paving for paths and patios and also for concrete blocks and other kinds of
machinery construction. Brick bonds paly a huge roll in maximizing the strength and durability
of the structure, bring in uniformity to the structure and composition, and enhance the visual
appeal. There are Many types of brick bonds and each one has its own unique lock, challenges of
installation, and structural consideration in the case of walls.
Brick masonry is made with brick bonded together with the help of mortar. Sometimes, mud
mortar can be used to construct temporary sheds but for permanent structures mortar made of
cement or lime are used.
There are 10 most popular types of wall brick bonds
1. Stretcher Bond/ Running Bond
One of the most common brick bonds, also popularly called running bonds. This bond is
very easy to lay, in fact, is one of the simplest ones used today. Stretcher Bond is suitable
when walls of half brick thickness need to be constructed. Different types of wall
construction done using this kind of bond are:
Sleeper Wall
Partition Wall
Division Walls (internal divider)
Chimney stacks
Stretcher bonds are not very suitable for stand-alone structural walls, but very useful for
construction of walls with less thickness. Note this bond will fail if the thickness of the walls is
more than half of the total length of the brick used.
2. Header Bond
A Header is the shorter face of the brick. In header bond brick masonry all bricks are
constructed in the header course. In this bond, the overlap is performed corresponding to a
half width of the bricks. The three-quarter brickbats are utilized in alternative courses as
quoins. This bond is mainly used for the construction of one brick thick walls.

3. English Bond
One of the most commonly utilized variation of brick bonds in masonry works. This bond
essentially comprises of alternating courses of headers and stretchers headers are laid
centered over the stretchers in the course below and each alternate row is vertically aligned.
To brake the continuousness of vertical joints, a quoin closer is used at the start and end of
wall after the first header. A quoin close is a brick that is cut lengthwise into 2 halves and
used in the corners in brick walls. This type of bond is mainly used to construct strong one
brick thickness walls.

4. Flemish Bond
 For this type of bond, each course is made up of alternate headers and stretchers. Each header
is centered on a stretcher above and below and every alternate course being with the header in
the corner. For breaking the vertical joints in the successive courses, quoin closers are introduced
in the alternate courses next to the header. This bond can be significantly sub-divided into two
diverse types:
 Single Flemish bond - A combination of English bond and Flemish bond the front
exposed surface of the wall is composed of Flemish bond and the back surface is
composed of English bond in every single course.
 Double Flemish bond – This bond takes a similar appearance both in the front and the
back elevations.

Walls with Flemish bond are complex to erect and demand greater skills.
5. Stack Bond
In stack bond, all the bricks are plainly loaded on top of each other and held with mortar where
all bonds are perfectly aligned. Because of its weak masonry structure and less strength, stack
bonds are perfect for decorative purposes. This bond is nonstructural bond, hence not suitable
for walls which require to transfer loads.
6. Dutch Bond
A modified form of English cross bond which consists of alternate crosses of headers and
stretchers. In this arrangement of the brick bond, every single stretching courses begins at a
quoin with a 3-quarter bat. Every alternate stretching course has a header set next to the 3-
quarer bat brick provided at the quoin. This bond is perfect to construct strong corners along
the wall which are subjected to excess loads.

7. Common Bond/American Bond

This bond is very similar to English bond, but this one has courses of headers inserted in
every five or six courses. Header courses are centered with the previous header course. This
header bond basically acts as a tie brick between the fronting and the backing. To achieve
the sufficient offset in a standard common bond, queen closers are inserted at both ends of
the header courses. The common bond is normally used in exterior load baring walls.
8. Facing Bond
This bond is primarily adopted for thick walls, where the facing and backing are chosen to be
constructed with bricks of diverse thickness. Typically, this bond consists of heading and
stretching courses. The load distribution of walls using this bond is not uniform because of the
difference between the facing and the total number of joints in the backing. This can also lead
to unequal settlement of the 2 thickness of the wall.
9. Diagonal Bond
Best Suited for walls of two to four brick thickness. This bond is normally introduced at
every 5th or 7th course along the height of the wall. Bricks in this bond are placed end to end
in such a manner that extreme corners of the sequence remain in contact with the stretches.

10. Rat Trap Bond

In this bond, bricks are laid on edge or placed in a vertical position instead of the
conventional horizontal position. This creates a cavity (hallow space) within the wall. This
feature helps in keeping enhanced thermal comfort and keep the interiors cooler than the
outside and vice versa. This type of walls consumes a smaller number of materials due to
the internal cavity. The rat trap bond looks similar to the Flemish bond in appearance.
Skilled labor and extra care are needed to design this bond.
Gypsum
Gypsum (hydrous Calcium sulfate) with a chemical formula is a popular raw material for manufacturing
various construction products, such as plasters, drywall (wallboard or plasterboard), ceiling tiles,
partitions, and building blocks.
Reality behind every single property inside someone’s house is to magnify the comfort or money owned
by the owner of the house, so in interior design policy a good designer should consider all this thing.
Fixtures and decorative /functional material used inside the house.
Gypsum supplier list
ELAPS International business
+251115520453
+251911233451