Name: …………………....................………………… Index No: …………………….................

Candidate’s Sign: …………………….... Date: ........................................

CHEMISTRY
FORM 2
Time: 2 Hours
Instructions to Candidates
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
c) All working must be clearly shown.
d) Candidates should answer the questions in English

For Examiner’s Use only

Questions Maximum score Candidates
score

1 - 18 100

1. Describe how a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium chloride can be separated. (3 marks)

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2. The table below gives the atomic numbers of element W, X, Y and Z. The letters do not represent
the actual symbols of the elements.
Element W X Y Z
Atomic number 9 10 11 12
(a) Which one of the elements is least reactive? Explain (1 mark)

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(b) (i) Which two elements would react most vigorously with each other? (1 mark)
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(ii) Give the formula of the compound formed when elements in (i) above react. (1 mark)
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3. The set-up below shows laboratory preparation of hydrogen gas, use it to answer the questions
that follow.

Dilute
sulphuric
acid

Zinc granules Conc. H2SO4

(a) Identify two mistakes in the set-up (2 marks)

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(b) Why is dilute nitric acid not used in preparation of hydrogen gas? (1 mark)

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4. The diagram below represents an incomplete paper chromatogram of pure dyesX, Y, Z and
mixture W.

W X Y Z

Mixture w contains dyes Y and Z only. Complete the chromatogram to show how mixture W
Separates. (2 marks)
5. When magnesium is reacted with steam, it reacts rapidly forming a white solid and Hydrogen gas.

GLASS WOOL MAGNESIUM

SOAKED IN WATER RIBBON

HEAT 2
 (a) What property of hydrogen gas makes it be collected as shown above (1mark)

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(b) How would you show that the gas collected is hydrogen gas? (1 mark)

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(c) When copper turnings were used instead of magnesium ribbon, hydrogen gas was not
produced. Explain. (1mark)

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6. Determine the relative atomic mass of element K whose isotopic mixture occur in the proportions;
39 40 41
19 K ( 93 . 1 % ) , 19 K ( 0 .01 % ) and 19 K ( 6 . 89 % ) (2marks)

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7. Given that element G has an electronic arrangement of 2.8.18.7 and element H has an atomic
number 17.
(a) To which period of the periodic table does element G belong? Explain (1mark)

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(b) How would the reaction of Sodium metal with G compare to its reaction with H? Explain
(2marks)

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8. The table below shows, some properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Table 1
Elements Atomic number Atomic radius Melting point Ionization Energy
(0C) KJmol-1
Li 3 0 . 133 180 520
Na 11 0 . 157 98 496

Table 2
Element Atomic Atomic Melting point 1st Ionization 2nd Ionization

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 Number Radius Energy Energy
(nm) (0C) Kjmol-1 Kjmol-1
Be 4 0 . 089 1280 900 1800
Mg 12 0 . 136 650 736 1450

(a) Explain why the melting point values for alkaline earth metals arehigher than for the
corresponding alkali metals. (1mark)

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(b) Why the 2nd ionization energy of alkaline earth metals are much larger than the first ionization
energy (2marks)

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(c) In both chemical families, the melting point values decrease down the group. Explain.

(2marks)
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9. Explain why when one is stung by a bee application of a little solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate
helps to relieve the pain. (3 marks)

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10. Study the apparatus shown below and answer the question that follow.

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 (a) Name the apparatus. (1mark)

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(b) Give its use. (1mark)

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11. The diagram below shows a diagram of non – luminous flame. A piece of white paper isslipped
into the region of the flame as shown in the diagram and quickly removed before it catches fire.

(a) Draw and label the piece of paper to show how it is affected by the above flame. (2marks)

(b) Explain why a luminous flame of a Bunsen burner produces bright yellow light. (1mark)

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12. In an experiment to investigate the effect of burning hydrogen gas, a student set up the apparatus
as shown below:

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 (a) Identify:
(i) Substance T………………………………………….................…………. ( ½ mark)

(ii) Substance G………………………………………….................………… ( ½ mark)

(b) Write the equation for the reaction of point X (1mark)

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13. Study the set-up of apparatus shown below and answer the questions that follow.

Wick

Lamp
L L

Aspirator

Calcium
Paraffin
Liquid S hydroxide
Ice cold
water
(a) State and explain the observation that would be made in tube L as the experiment progress in
the first few minutes.
Observations (1 mark)

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Explanation (1mark)

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 (b) How would the observations in tube L change if the experiment is carried out for a long time
Observation (1mark)

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Equation (1mark)

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(c) State and explain three observations made when liquid S is reacted with sodium metal.

(3marks)

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(d) State the use of the aspirator in this experiment (1mark)

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(e) State one modification that can be done to the set up to make the experiment more successful.
(1mark)

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(f) Name a solid substance that could be used instead of paraffin for the same experiment.
(1
mark)
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14. (a) Below is part of periodic table with elements shown. The letters are not actual chemical
symbols. Use it to answer question that follow.

P C D E
F G B H
Z

(i) What is the most likely nature of the solution formed by the oxide of Z? (1mark)

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(ii) Chose a letter representing the most electronegative element. (1mark)

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 (iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between F and oxygen. (1mark)

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(iv) Compare the reactivity of C and D. Explain your answer (2marks)

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(v) An element Q has mass number 40 and 22 neutrons. What is its atomic number?

(1mark)

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(b) The table below gives elements represented by letters T, U, V, W, X, Y and their atomic
numbers.
Element T U V W X Y
Atomic Number 12 13 14 15 16 17
Electron
arrangement
Use the information in the table above to answer the questions below.
(i) Complete the table by giving electron arrangement of each of the elements. (3marks)

(ii) In which period of the periodic table do these elements belong? Give a reason. (2marks)

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(iii) How does the atomic radius of V compare with that of X? Explain. (2marks)

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(iv) Give the formula of the compound that could be formed between U and X. (1mark)

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(v) Arrange the species T, T2+ and T+ in increasing order of size. (1mark)

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(vi) Which of the ions X2+ and X2- is the most stable? Explain. (2marks)

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15. (a) In a paper chromatography experiment to identify the inks in a mixture, the chromatogram
below was obtained.

Ink MixtureInk 1Ink 2 Ink 3Ink 4

(i) Which inks are present in the mixture? (2 marks)

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(ii) Label the baseline on the chromatogram (1mark)
(iii) Which of the inks was most soluble? Explain (2 marks)

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(iv) Which of the inks in the mixture adheres most firmly to the surface of the paper. (1 mark)

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(b) Fractional distillation of liquid air is usually used to separate various gaseous mixtures in air.
Explain how to;
(i) Remove carbon (iv) oxide (2marks)

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(ii) Remove water (1mark)

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(iii) Obtain nitrogen (1mark)

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16. In order to find out the proportion by volume of one of the main constituents of air, the following
set up was established

Air sample

Gas T

Aqueous sodium hydroxide Conc. Sulphuric acid

(a) (i) Name two constituents of gas T (1mark)

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(ii) Suggest a reason for passing air through:
I Aqueous sodium hydroxide (1mark)

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II Concentrated sulphuric acid (1mark)

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(b) The volume of the gas collected in the syringe was 60cm3.This was passed repeatedly over
hot copper powder in the combustion tube until no further change of volume took place. When
cooled to the original temperature, the volume was reduced to 47.4cm3
(i) What observation was made in the combustion tube? (1 mark)

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(ii) Which constituent of air was removed by copper powder? (1mark)

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(iii) Calculate the percentage of the gas in (ii) above in the sample of air (2 marks)

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(c) The remaining gas in the syringe was repeatedly passed over hot Magnesium metal in the
second combustion tube
(i) Name the main component in 47.4cm3 of the remaining gas (1mark)
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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction in the second combustion tube (1mark)

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(iii) Name two of the gases still in the syringe at the end of the experiment. Give a reason for
your answer (2 marks)

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(d) Iron roofing sheets are coated with Zinc as a sacrificial metal
(i) What is meant by the term “sacrificial”? (1mark)

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(ii) Give the name given to the process by which iron sheets are coated with Zinc (1mark)

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(iii) Write the equation of the reaction in which Iron rusts (1mark)

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(iv) Zinc is higher than Iron in the reactivity series yet it does not corrode as fast as Iron.
Explain (1mark)

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17. A student tested the pH of five solutions using universal indicator and obtained the following results
Solution Colour pH
A Blue 10
B Violet 14
C Red 1
D Green 7
E Yellow 5
(a) Which of the solutions is likely to be

(i) Lactic acid .................................................................................. (1mark)

(ii) Sodium chloride .................................................................................. (1mark)

(iii) Sodium hydroxide .................................................................................. (1mark)

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 (iv) Hydrochloric acid .................................................................................. (1mark)

(v) Ammonium hydroxide .................................................................................. (1mark)

(b) Dilute sulphuric acid was added to a compound of magnesium P. The solid reacted with the
acid to form a colorless solution Q and a colorless gas R which formed a white precipitate
when bubbled through lime water.
(i) Name :
I. Compound P .................................................................................. (1mark)

II. Solution Q .................................................................................. (1mark)

III. Colorless gas R .................................................................................. (1mark)

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that took place. (1mark)

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(iii) State the observations that would be observed if a similar compound of calcium was used
instead of magnesium. Explain (2marks)

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18. (a) Define the following terms

(i) Atom (1/2mark)

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(ii) Element (1/2mark)

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(iii) Mixture (1/2mark)

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(b) Write down the chemical formulae of the following compounds:

(i) Sodium carbonate .................................................................... (1/2mark)

(ii) Ammonium nitrate ................................................................... (1/2mark)

(iii) Magnesium chloride ................................................................... (1/2mark)

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