Procedure for Radiographic Examination

HITECH-INCO-BOROUGE-INI423-210-RT-01-00

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PROJECT BOROUGE 4 PROJECT
END USER ABU DHABI POLYMERS CO. LTD. (BOROUGE)
VENDOR / MANUFACTURER INCO ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING, TRADING AND CIVIL CONTRACTING CO. L.L.C.
INCO JOB NO. INI-423
HITECH DOCUMENT NO. HITECH-INCO-BOROUGE-INI423-210-RT-01-00
DESCRIPTION RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
WORK ORDER / P.O REF. NO. AS PER ARC

Prepared by Reviewed & Approved by Management Authorization

Signature

Name Merwyn Vaz Mallikarjuna Savukar Gerald D’Costa

Date 22.04.2024 22.04.2024 22.04.2024

Revision Records

00 22.04.2024 Initial Issue for Review / Approval

Rev. Date Description

INCO/CLIENT Approval

Name: Name:
INCO CLIENT

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 CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.0 RADIATION SOURCE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.0 FILM.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.0 INTENSIFYING SCREENS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.0 FILM PROCESSING .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
9.0 SURFACE PREPARATION .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
10.0 IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
11.0 SCATTERED RADIATION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
12.0 RADIOGRAPHIC SENSITIVITY ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
13.0 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
14.0 GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS (UG)................................................................................................................................................ 11
15.0 EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE & TECHNIQUE QUALIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... 12
16.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
17.0 EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHS ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
18.0 RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIRED WELD................................................................................................................................................ 14
19.0 DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
20.0 RECORDS .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
21.0 RADIATION SAFETY .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
ATTACHMENT-I (ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ASME SEC VIII DIV I ED. 2021)..................................................................................................... 16
ATTACHMENT-II (MANDATORY APPENDIX 4 OF ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1 ED. 2021) ...................................................................................... 17
ATTACHMENT – III ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
ATTACHMENT – IV........................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
ATTACHMENT – V......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
ATTACHMENT – VI (SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT) ......................................................................................................................................... 26

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1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This procedure described here gives the requirements for the Radiographic examination of Weldments (full
penetration welds) of carbon steel materials for the fabrication of Pressure Vessel job (Borouge 4) in
accordance with ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 Ed. 2021.

1.2 Radiographic examination involves use of Gamma-Ray & X-Ray therefore required to follow certain radiation
protection procedures as per the recommendations of the National Competent Authority controlling the
radiation protection. Handling of Gamma-Ray & X-Ray equipment’s shall be solely governed by the
recommendations of the Competent Authority.

1.3 The scope, extent and stages of examination shall be as per approved ITP and NDE Plan (if any).

2.0 REFERENCES

2.1 HITECH-WP-01 : HI-TECH Written Practice for NDT personnel Qualification and
Certification
2.2 ASNT-SNT-TC-1A (2020) : Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification
of Non-destructive Testing
2.4 HITECH-HSE-M-02-00 : Radiation Safety Manual of Hi-Tech Inspection Services LLC.
2.5 ASME Sec V Article 2 & 22 ED. 2021 : Boiler and Pressure vessel code for Nondestructive Examination.
2.6 ISO 19232-1 (EN ISO-462-1) : Image Quality of radiographs
2.7 ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 Ed.2021 : Rules for construction of Pressure Vessels
2.8 4300-XZ-SW-PU0000001 Rev. P3 : Equipment Welding Specification
2.9 BGS-MW-001 Rev. B5 Welding, NDE, and Prevention of Brittle Fracture of Pressure Vessels
and Heat Exchangers
2.10 BGS-MD-002 Rev. B5 : Pressure Vessels - General
2.11 4300-CD-MR-P40000210 : Material Requisition for CS Pressure Vessel Small
2.12 Approved ITP
2.13 Approved Drawings

3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

3.1 Personnel performing radiographic examination shall be qualified and certified as per the written Practice of
HI-TECH in compliance with ASNT SNT-TC-1A (2020).

3.2 Qualifications in accordance with a prior edition of SNT-TC-1A are valid until recertification. Recertification or new
certification shall be in accordance with the SNT-TC-1A 2020 edition.

3.3 NDT Level III who is qualifying NDT level II Personnel meet the requirements specified in ASNT-SNT-TC-1A by
examination.

3.4 Radiographic exposure shall be taken by certified level II personnel. Interpretation and reporting of results
shall be done by a certified Level II only.

3.5 Level III shall continuously monitor the performance of NDE personnel as mentioned in written practice and
shall take corrective measures whenever the performance of technicians is not satisfactory.

3.6 Personnel performing Radiographic Examination and interpreting radiographs shall have vision with correction
(if necessary), to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 1 Standard Chart at a distance not less than 12 in. (300
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 mm) and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between colors used. These requirements
shall be checked annually.

4.0 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

4.1 The Procedure Qualification test shall be performed to meet the requirements of the referencing Code, before
starting the work.

4.2 Radiographic examination shall be performed when the weld is in ambient temperature.

5.0 RADIATION SOURCE

5.1 X–RAY SOURCE

5.1.1 Manufacturer’s handling and maintenance instruction shall be strictly observed.

5.1.2 The effective focal point dimension shall be known, otherwise, the value given by the manufacturer shall be
considered valid. Equipment mentioned in the table below shall be used.

SR. PENETRATING
MANUFACTURER MODEL TYPE FOCAL SIZE KEV MA
NO. RANGE
1 Rigaku 300 EGM External 2.5X2.5mm 100-300 5
2 Rigaku 300 EGM-2 External 2.5X2.5mm 100-300 5
3 ICM SITE-X D3605 External 5X0.5MM 100-360 1-5
4 ICM SITE-X C 3003 Internal 5X0.5mm 90-300 1-5
2 to 30 mm
5 ICM SITE-X C1603 Internal 5X0.5mm 50-160 1-2
6 ICM SITE-X C1802 Internal 5X0.5mm 50-180 1-2
7 ICM SITE-X CP200 D External 3mm 10-200 1-10
8 ICM SITE-X D3006 External 2.5X2.5mm 100-300 1-5

5.2 GAMMA RAY SOURCE

5.2.1 The radiation source to be used for radiographic examination shall be Iridium-192 and Se-75.

5.2.2 Effective source size of Iridium-192/Se-75 shall be as small as possible but not greater than 3mm  3mm.

5.2.3 Source strength of the Isotope used for this project shall not exceed a maximum of 60 curies of Iridium-192
and 60 Curies of Se-75.

5.2.4 Radioactive Isotope ID and decay chart showing source strength at present shall be available at site.

6.0 FILM

6.1 For Gamma Ray: Acceptable Class 1 (ASTM E 1815) films (e.g. Type D4). Only Type D4 film with lead screens
are acceptable for Gamma-ray radiography.

6.2 For X-Rays: Acceptable Class 2 (ASTM E 1815) films (e.g. Type D7).

6.3 Only lead screens shall be used.

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6.4 The Radiographer’s actual selection of film types shall be determined by

6.4.1 Material type and thickness

6.4.2 Radiation energy and effective focal size
6.4.3 Source to film distance obtainable
6.4.4 Sensitivity requirements.

6.5 Films and chemicals shall be checked for expiry date immediately on receipt and any expired films and
chemicals shall not be used.

6.6 Storage of films

6.6.1 Unexposed films should be stored in such a manner that they are protected from the effects of light, pressure,
excessive heat, and excessive humidity, damaging fumes or vapors or penetration radiation. Storage of film
should be on a first in first out basis.

6.7 Maximum acceptable base fog level shall be 0.3. This can be ascertained by processing at least one unexposed
film from each batch of film box prior to start the exposing of films of that film box for production purpose
with maintaining the same conditions for handling and processing as follows for the actual radiograph. The
density of this film when checked by a calibrated densitometer shall not exceed 0.3.

7.0 INTENSIFYING SCREENS

7.1 Lead intensifying screens shall be employed for all radiographic techniques. The thickness of front and rear
lead screen shall be 0.125mm.

7.2 All screens shall be handled carefully to avoid dents, scratches, grease or dirt on active surfaces. Screens that
tender non-relevant indications shall be usually examined and discarded if physical damage is observed.
Screens with or without backing shall be free of dust, dirt, oxidation, or any other foreign material that tender
undesirable non-relevant images on the films.

8.0 FILM PROCESSING

8.1 Exposed film shall be chemically processed to produce a radiograph. Processing can be carried out by manual
process in a dark room under low intensifying red lights. The red light will be installed approximately at 1.25
meters distance from the developer tank. The intensity of the red lights is to be calibrated at least once in
three months and such a result is to be recorded. The dark room temperature shall be maintained between
180C to 220C for manual processing. Care shall be taken to avoid any light leakage inside the dark room.
8.2 Chemicals used in the film processing-developer, stop bath, fixer is prepared in separate storage tanks by
mixing powders or liquid concentrates in water and made up at the volume recommended by the
manufacturer. Care shall be taken during processing to avoid artifacts which would interfere with
interpretation.

8.3 Only standardized chemicals such as made by Agfa Gevaert or Kodak (carestream Industrex) or equivalent
shall be used for making processing solutions. Any such chemical change that shall be recorded in these
records shall be available for verification.
8.4 Manual Processing

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8.4.1 In manual processing chemical solutions like developer, stop bath and fixer shall be stored in tanks of
appropriate capacity at recommended temperatures. The solutions shall be checked periodically to maintain
temperatures at 64.4° F - 68° F, (180 C – 200C) for developer and within 3°C of developer for other solutions of
stop bath, fixer and wash water.

8.4.2 Film processing shall be carried out in an appropriate dark room following the steps given below.

i) Film preparation

Film shall be loaded on a hanger or spool for processing and at a time only those number of films shall be
processed which could be placed in the developer tank. A minimum separation of 12.5mm (0.49 inch) shall be
maintained in between the hangers in the developer tank.

ii) Development

Film loaded on the hanger shall be immersed in the developer and agitated periodically. Normal development
time is 5 to 8 minutes at solution temperature ranges mentioned in 8.4.1. An increase or decrease of
temperature of the solution would require change in development times as per recommendations of the
manufacturer. The level of the developer solution shall be maintained by regular adding of replenisher which
shall maintain the strength of the developer solution. The contamination of aerial oxygen to the developer
solution may degrade the strength of the developer solution. To avoid such an occurrence care shall be taken
to place the lid on developer tank when processing work is not performed. The developer shall be discarded
when the replenisher volume is two to three times the original volume of developer or after two months of
preparation whichever is earlier.

iii) Stop Bath

After development the film on the hanger or spool shall be immersed in a stop bath solution (2% acetic acid)
which arrests the process of development. Clean running water can also act as a stop bath by removing the
developer from the emulsion of the film. Developed films of a minimum of 30 seconds should be kept in the
stop bath tank but not more than 2 minutes.

iV) Fixing

Film shall be immersed in the fixer solution and agitated for uniform and rapid fixation. The fixing time shall
be of minimum 5 minutes and not exceeding 15 minutes.

If unfixed areas are shown on radiographs the fixer bath is to be replaced. The appearance of dull non-
reflective yellowish appearance in radiograph is the indication of serious lack of fixing bath activity.

V) Washing

a) After fixation the film shall be immersed in the washing tank which shall have the facility for overflow of
water to effect change in water volume continuously.

b) Sufficient washing is necessary to remove residual fixer from the film. If not removed from the film, these
chemicals will produce staining and deteriorate the radiographic image, especially in low density areas.
The effectiveness of washing may be checked using the residual thiosulphate chemical test as given
below.

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 c) Place a drop of silver nitrate solution on a clear spot of processing film. The test shall be conducted on
both sides of the radiograph. After approximately two minutes blot off the excess solution with a piece of
absorbent paper and assess the result immediately.

d) A strain will appear if any residual thiosulphate is present. The intensity of the strain will be approximately
the maximum amount of discoloration that one side of the radiograph will ever reach during any kind of
storage condition of temperature and humidity. Thiosulphate test shall be carried out once a month.

Vi) Wetting Solution

The film shall be dipped in wetting solution for 30 seconds after thorough washing in water or shall be wiped
with suitable wiper to remove the water droplets before drying. This would facilitate quick and even drying
and avoid watermarks.

Vii) Drying

Wet film shall be dried in dust free air or in a suitable drying cabinet. Care shall be taken that films should not
touch one another during drying.

9.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

9.1 Welding ripples and/or other surface irregularities on both sides of the weld (inside where accessible) shall be
removed by suitable process to such a degree that resulting radiographic images due to any irregularities
cannot be masked/confused with the image of any objectionable defect. Welded joints may have reasonably
uniform crowns with reinforcement not to exceed that specified in the applicable specification and code
section.

10.0 IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

10.1 Identification

10.1.1 Each radiograph shall be identified uniquely so that there is a permanent co-relationship between the part
radiographed and the film. The system of identification shall produce a traceable record of radiographs to individual
weld.

a) The radiograph shall contain the following points in the radiograph

• Contractor’s name.
• NDE subcontractor’s name or symbol (HITECH)
• Job number/or the contract number.
• Nominal pipe diameter.
• Wall thickness or pipe schedule.
• Drawing number.
• Weld number.
• Welder number.
• Date of exposure.

b) In addition, the radiographs shall contain lead letter

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 • R for Repair.
• RW for re-weld.
• RS for Re-shoot.
• RT for Retake
• P1/P2 for Penalty

10.2 Location Markers

10.2.1 Location markers, the image of which is to appear on the radiograph, shall be placed adjacent to the weld and
not on exposure holder/cassette. Their location shall be marked on the surface near the weld, in such a
manner that the defect appearing on the radiograph may be accurately located and it shall be evident from
the film that complete coverage of the weld has been obtained.

10.2.2 For DWSI and SWSI technique, a tape measure with lead numbers maximum at every 100mm shall be placed
adjacent to the weld. The Zero point shall be on the top of the pipe and the divisions shall run clockwise in the
ascending order viewed in the direction of flow.

10.2.3 For DWDI technique, each exposure shall be designated by a lead letter placed on the pipe i.e. A, B, C. Each
Weld shall be marked using chloride free markers to provide reference points.

11.0 SCATTERED RADIATION

11.1 As a check on back scattered radiation, a lead letter `B` with minimum dimensions of 11mm high and 1.6 mm thick
shall be attached to the back of the cassette or film holder and a radiograph made in the normal manner. If the
image of B appears on the radiograph as a lighter density on darker background shall be reject and it is an indication
that protection against back scattered radiation is insufficient, and that additional lead thickness be added behind
the film holder.

12.0 RADIOGRAPHIC SENSITIVITY

12.1 Image Quality Indicators (Penetrameters)

12.1.1 Penetrameter shall be selected from either the same Alloy material group or grade or from an alloy material group
or grade with less Radiation absorption than the material being radiographed.

12.1.2 ASTM wire type or ISO 19232-1 (wire Type) penetrameter shall be used to establish the required sensitivity. The
penetrameter should be placed on the job in such a way that the penetrameters identifying number shall clearly
appear on the radiograph. The image of the required wire should clearly appear across the entire width of the weld.

12.1.3 The Radiographic film sensitivity shall be as per below Table (Table T-276 of ASME Sec. V Art.2).

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12.1.4 The diameter of the wire shall be based on the nominal single wall thickness of the pipe plus the allowable
thickness of the external weld reinforcement and allowable internal weld protrusion. For wire-type IQIs, a
smaller-diameter wire may be substituted for the essential wire required for any section thickness listed in
Table T-276 of ASME Sec. V.

12.1.5 The wire diameter shall be selected based on nominal single wall material thickness plus the estimated
reinforcement thickness not to exceed the maximum permitted in referencing code section/client’s
approved welding procedure. If dissimilar material is being welded, the thinner wall shall be considered for
the selection of the designated IQI diameter. The backing strip (if attached) thickness shall not consider for
the selection of wire diameter.

12.1.4 When the weld metal is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that differs from the
base material, the IQI shall be selected based on the weld metal and be in accordance with 12.1.1.

12.2 Number and Placement of Penetrameters

12.2.1 For double wall single image / single wall viewing techniques and single Wall Single image (Non-panoramic)
technique, One IQI shall be placed for the film length 130mm or less. The penetrameter shall be placed at the
center of the interested zone.

12.2.2 For double wall single image / single wall viewing techniques and single Wall Single image (Non-panoramic)
technique, two penetrameters shall be placed for the film length exceeding 130 mm. One penetrameter shall
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 be placed at the center of the interested zone and the other penetrameter shall be placed at the edge of the
interested zone.

12.2.3 For single wall single image panoramic exposure, a minimum of four IQIs shall be placed at 900 to each other.

12.2.4 For double wall double image i.e. elliptical exposures one number IQI shall be placed across the pipe weld for
each exposure.

12.2.5 When a repaired weld is radiographed, at least one penetrameter shall be placed adjacent to each repaired
location.

13.0 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

13.1 The density of the interested zone of weld on radiograph should be in between 2.0 to 4 for gamma ray
radiography and 1.8 to 4 for X-Ray radiography provided by a high intensity film illuminator with variable light
source is available.

13.2 The density in the interest area shall be within minus 15% to plus 30% of the density adjacent to the required
penetrameter wire. Where the density limit is expected to exceed this limit, additional penetrameter shall be
used in such areas.

13.3 A calibrated Densitometer or calibrated wedge strip shall be used to judge film-density requirements. The
Densitometer shall have a range of 0 to 4.

13.4 Densitometer performance should be verified at the beginning of each shift and after 8 hours of continuous
use with valid step wedge comparison film. The same verification result shall be recorded at least once in
three months.

13.5 Calibration status of step wedge calibration film

The step wedge calibration film shall be used only one year from the date of opening from original light-tight
and waterproof sealed package as supplied by manufacturer provided it is within manufacturer’s stated shelf
life.

13.6 Calibration detail of densitometer

13.6.1 The densitometer shall be calibrated at least every 3 months, and such calibration record shall be maintained.

13.6.2 The density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 on the step wedge calibration film shall be measured.

13.6.3 The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than + 0.05 density units from the
actual density stated on the step wedge calibration film.

14.0 GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS (Ug)

14.1 Maximum Ug shall not exceed the following:

Ug Max
Material Thickness
Under 50 mm (2”) 0.5 mm (0.020”)
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14.2 Value of Ug on the radiograph shall be calculated as follows:

Ug = ft/d where,

f = effective source size

t = distance from source side of weld being radiographed to the film.
d = distance from source of radiation to source side of weld being radiographed.

15.0 EXPOSURE TECHNIQUE & TECHNIQUE QUALIFICATIONS

15.1 EXPOSURE TECHNIQUES

Whenever practical only single wall exposure shall be used. Double wall technique shall be used only when
single wall technique is not practicable. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate the
required coverage.

15.1.1 Single wall technique

In the single-wall technique, the radiation passes through only one wall of the weld (material), which is
viewed for acceptance on the radiograph.

The minimum number of exposures required for SWSI techniques shall be determined as per ISO 17636 class A. The
values in the chart shall be calculated including reinforcement. (Refer Attachment- IV)

15.1.2 Double wall technique

When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, one of the following double-wall techniques shall be
used.

(a) Single-Wall Viewing (DWSI)- For materials and for welds in components, a technique may be used in which the
radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material) on the film-side wall is viewed for acceptance on
the radiograph.

The minimum number of exposures required for DWSI techniques shall be determined as per ISO 17636 class
A. The values in the chart shall be calculated including reinforcement (Refer Attachment- V).

Note: DWSI Technique shall not be used on pipe diameters equal to or less than 2” (inch) unless approved by
principle.

(a) Double-Wall Viewing (DWDI)- For materials and for welds in components 31/2 in. (89 mm) or less
in nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two
walls and the weld (material) in both walls is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. For
double-wall viewing, only a source-side IQI shall be used.

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 (i) For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to
separate the images of the source-side and film-side portions of the weld so that there is no
overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of two
exposures taken 900 to each other shall be made for each joint.

(ii) As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so that the
images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of three
exposures taken at either 600 or 120 deg to each other shall be made for each joint.

(iii) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage cannot be obtained
using the minimum number of exposures indicated in (i) or (ii) above.

15.2 ALIGNMENT OF BEAM

15.2.1 In addition to the above requirement, beam of radiation should be directed to the middle of the section under
examination and should be normal to the pipe surface at that point, except when especially seeking certain
imperfections which it is known are best revealed by a different alignment of the beam; such imperfections
are those at a fusion face, and the exposure should then be made with the beam directly along the fusion
face.

15.2.2 This general rule should be applied with the following two exceptions.

(a) When using ‘DWDI -Elliptical technique, the inclination of the beam should be such as to avoid a
superimposition of the two images. This inclination will depend on the diameter of the pipe, its wall thickness
and the width of the weld.

b) For ‘DWSI’ technique, the displacement of the source from the plane of the weld should be just sufficient to
avoid superimposition of the images of the two portions of the weld and the inclination of the axis passes
through the middle of the portion of weld under examination.

15.2.3 In order to provide the best possibility of fine cracks in the root run being revealed, it is suggested that, where
the diameter of the pipe permits, the beam should be normal to the weld, not inclined, and center in the
plane of the weld.

16.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

16.1 The acceptance criteria shall be as per ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1, Edition 2021. (Refer Attachment-I).

17.0 EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHS

17.1 Quality of radiographs

17.1.1 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other artifacts to the extent that they cannot mask
or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest in the specimen. Such blemishes
include but not limited to:

a) Fogging
b) Processing defects such as streaks, water marks or chemical marks.
c) Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks or tears.
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 d) Loss of details due to poor screen-film contact.
e) False indications due to defective screens.
f) The exposed films shall be processed, handled and stored such that the images can be archived for 5 years
after they are produced without being deformed.

17.2 Image quality

Radiographic image quality shall be judged not only by the image of penetrameter but also by the extent to
which accepted radiographic procedures have been followed in the production of the radiograph.

17.3 Viewing of radiograph

Radiographs shall be viewed on an illuminator in a room provided with subdued lighting. The illuminator shall
be capable of providing light of an intensity that will illuminate the average density area of the radiograph
without glare and must diffuse the light evenly over viewing area. It shall be suitable for Radiographs with
densities ranging from 1.0 to 4.0.

18.0 RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIRED WELD

18.1 All repairs as per radiography, which require excavation and re welding shall be re-radiographed. The
procedure followed for RT of original weld shall also be used for the re-radiography after repair. In addition,
the radiograph shall extend for a distance 50 mm beyond either end of the repaired area. Re – appearance of
imperfections beyond acceptance limit shall cause the entire cut out of the weld.

19.0 DOCUMENTATION

19.1 Each radiograph shall have a Report, which shall have the following information:
1. Drawing No., Contract No.
2. Weld Identification Number
3. Isotope used / Effective source size
4. Pipe size and thickness
5. Minimum SFD
6. Film brand and designation (Type of film)
7. Radiographic Technique
8. Radiographer’s Identity
9. Welder Number
10. Date of Exposure
11. Code/Specification
12. Radiographic Procedure Number
13. Original Weld or Repair
14. Heat Treatment Condition
15. IQI Type, Designation & Sensitivity achieved
16. Density achieved
17. Location & Type of flaws discovered
18. Conclusion & Remarks
19. Location of film
20. Geometric Unsharpness

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20.0 RECORDS

20.1 Radiographs shall be made part of verification documents and shall be retained for a minimum period of five
years before disposal.

20.2 On completion of the contract all exposed films shall be handed over to the contractor, indexed, catalogued
and boxed up in film boxes.

21.0 RADIATION SAFETY

21.1 Personnel Monitors

All personnel performing radiography shall wear a film / TLD badge and a pocket dosimeter. The dosimeter
shall be fully charged before the start of the work every day. Do not use Dosimeters, which do not show Dial 0
position after fully charged. The film / TLD badges shall be replaced every month (30 days).

21.2 Survey Instruments

One operable survey meter with valid calibration certificate, calibrated at least once in a year shall always be
maintained and used to survey the radiation area to verify radiation safe area.

21.3 Radiation Area

While performing any radiation work as per DOC NO HITECH-HSE-M-02-00, the area where radiography is
being performed shall be roped off (or barricaded) and sign posted in Arabic / English to prevent accidental
entry by unauthorized personnel. An operator shall remain in view of crank of the exposure device at a safe
distance while the exposure is being made to retract to source in the event of unauthorized entry into the
radiation area.

21.4 Safety Procedures

Detailed safety procedures for use, handling and storage of radioactive materials are given in the HI-TIS
Radiation safety manual. Radiography personnel shall be thoroughly familiar with this document.

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 ATTACHMENT-I (ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ASME SEC VIII DIV I ED. 2021)

Radiographic Testing as per UW-51 for 100% Radiography (RT-1, FULL)

Evaluation of Indication:

Linear (Elongated) indications:

A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.

Rounded Indication:

A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three times its width.

Unacceptable if the indications exceed below.

(1) Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

(2) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has length greater than:

(a) 1/4 in. (6 mm) for t up to 3/4 in. (19 mm)

(b) 1/3t for t from 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 21/4 in. (57 mm)
(c) 3/4 in. (19 mm) for t over 21/4 in. (57 mm)

Where,

t = the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having
different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a
fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.

(3) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t, except when
the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in
the group.

(4) Rounded indications in excess of that specified by the acceptance standards given in Mandatory Appendix 4 as
below. (Attachment-I)

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 ATTACHMENT-II (MANDATORY APPENDIX 4 OF ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1 ED. 2021)

ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR

RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS

4-1 APPLICABILITY OF THESE STANDARDS

These standards are applicable to ferritic, austenitic, and nonferrous materials.

4-2 TERMINOLOGY

(a) Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or less on the radiograph are defined
as rounded indications. These indications may be circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape and may have tails.
When evaluating the size of an indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any imperfection in the
weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten.

(b) Aligned Indications. A sequence of four or more rounded indications shall be considered to be aligned when they touch
a line parallel to the length of the weld drawn through the center of the two outer rounded indications.

(c) Thickness t. t is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members
having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a
fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.

4-3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

(a) Image Density. Density within the image of the indication may vary and is not a criterion for acceptance or rejection.

(b) Relevant Indications. (see Table 4-1 for examples.) Only those rounded indications which exceed the following
dimensions shall be considered relevant.

(1) 1/10t for t less than 1/8 in. (3 mm)

(2) 1/64 in. for t from 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), incl.
(3) 1/32 in. for t greater than 1/4 in. to 2 in. (6 mm to 50 mm), incl.
(4) 1/16 in. for t greater than 2 in. (50 mm)

(c) Maximum Size of Rounded Indication. (See Table 4-1 for examples.) The maximum permissible size of any indication
shall be 1/4t, or 5/32 in. (4 mm), whichever is smaller; except that an isolated indication separated from an adjacent
indication by 1 in. (25 mm) or more may be 1/3t, or 1/4 in. (6 mm), whichever is less. For t greater than 2 in. (50 mm) the
maximum permissible size of an isolated indication shall be increased to 3/8 in. (10 mm).

(a) Aligned Rounded Indications. Aligned rounded indications are acceptable when the summation of the diameters of the
indications is less than t in a length of 12t. see Figure 4-1. The length of groups of aligned rounded indications and the
spacing between the groups shall meet the requirements of Figure 4-2.

(e) Spacing. The distance between adjacent rounded indications is not a factor in determining acceptance or rejection,
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 except as required for isolated indications or groups of aligned indications.

(f) Rounded Indication Charts. The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed that shown in the
charts. The charts in Figures 4-3 through 4-8 illustrate various types of assorted, randomly dispersed and clustered
rounded indications for different weld thicknesses greater than 1/8 in. (3 mm). These charts represent the maximum
acceptable concentration limits for rounded indications. The charts for each thickness range represent full scale 6 in.
(150 mm) radiographs, and shall not be enlarged or reduced. The distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns
that may appear on the radiograph, but are typical of the concentration and size of indications permitted.

(g) Weld Thickness t Less Than 1/8 in. (3 mm). For t less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) the maximum number of rounded indications
shall not exceed 12 in a 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. A proportionally fewer number of indications shall be permitted
in welds less than 6 in. (150 mm) in length.

(h) Clustered Indications. The illustrations for clustered indications show up to four times as many indications in a local
area, as that shown in the illustrations for random indications. The length of an acceptable cluster shall not exceed the
lesser of 1 in. (25 mm) or 2t. Where more than one cluster is present, the sum of the lengths of the clusters shall not
exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in a 6 in. (150 mm) length weld.

TABLE 4.1

General Note: Sum of L1 to Lx shall be less than t in a length of 12t (t= thickness of the job)
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Confidential:
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Confidential:
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Confidential:
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Confidential:
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 ATTACHMENT – III

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 ATTACHMENT – IV

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 ATTACHMENT – V

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 ATTACHMENT – VI (SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT)

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