@ What is Computer Networn 2 Arsi- A Computer Network jx a Seb of Nodes Cormutea on Commenicakon Links BO omporents OF Computer NehwerK'- P r ? Nodes ap Me dia. / Mediver/ Communicaten Link: 37 Secvices@ Expleinetion of Noaes Nodes Se L Bod Nodes Tntermediocy Nodes oc ec End Devices Intermediary Devices m (Lest Nede) Ex!- Router, Repeater 2 €x!- Leptep Pe, Printers Switen ,Hob > Brides Secver, Secoeity Camero's, Crateaw Inppite Phones ha @ Views / Commoni Coben Fath | Communication Channel Cormonicotion Media - Wiced / Guided Media Wire less / Vpn es ba Y Twisted Parr Cavie es, mar’ Cree) CElecico eas 7 re 2) Co-aniol Cal Bed ae 7 Co-a geese a » eine Liece Fiber Optic Cobrevier Networks Tees ter of GnFerma tn or AeSourees (eae of Co fare S* Concept] Electro maqnenic Spectrom "gee Deceease in Wovelens | Sale a Nee’ Lv lges | GL prices Waves E L | Pica cde a wins \ Vv Freqpuenty Visiote Light y & nel Uv Rey Jb X- Roy L uv Gramma Roy vided | Media, | ges fe |@[Fonctiona lives af Compstat Narworu) then Shere are more, 70 Funehonalhes in Computer Nebork. Some Functions are mandatry Uke— WY Eceor Control | 1D Flow Control Some Funcw'ons are Op herat Like= y Encryption ip Deerypren- DP Alt tnese funebons are included in OS2-modet X — peepee by PSO. [Antermahonol Stan dord Orgenigenin] @® OS$2-Model> Open Sy ete Tnterdonnechon + Sis 12 a F-Voyer model, + Bock loser Io @ Collec on of - foothiple urchins ushich hot a Common in thenMeme | Orie. t | Ott SD Y shies loyer > directly Connected to the Veer fresi- Application Lover J whith layer is Peepers! dy hon ale +he Channel? An)- Physi Cot Lowe ¢—— we = a = € » Freviens Pege 7 * Shir ts an Neale ty, A whereas m0 Use / ap pid Tr Ove modern Trternet Sy Stem ‘es © TCP/26 Retvact Bite ‘ TCP: Transmiltsion Poi | w TPI- — Toterne ter King Ba toa A Teese Frotecot cone a, eer ce’ Suite | hoo date + * T+ hag s Noxers Gender] * 5 [Peplication bate Oy [ 5 Petes, Layee ry | rm pepe p— ' [leis 3 | Network Km tower (ut) x as 2 [Dab LinK Layer (pu)! i ‘é at is a [Physi ok . Lawyer (PL) ee 4 Bl Channel:Nejwerks= Hpavie-4— Py +. LCS Qe) Woda 2t— Dare Linn Lojer \ a St~ Network Lower ff f |esj) toe dole - Sivgnie-.- “Tro ins port Lote er) pore st— Appicex!2n (es | froduin GC t— Sechet Peageasoming (nto Pacer eee M sp | Ony Lav sofoa\24 Layer: Pry sical ae is the ast ai do the Channel ec eS O92 Model direc} Connected wlrich Mantle Tete eer signet Can popeantResponsi bi Uikes of |? Communica tien Modes i) Poystent Tepelog y /€ ty Cates & Channets 1 fe Prysicat tm. | i DY Networign Devices | ER Reps, HUW? Bouter, Costeacs, | 4) | | | Y “BWieeain | ? 5 zi) aso Communication Modes * Wey FJ Communication. » Simplex Mode: Daly Unidicee 4, Mal / One Wes, Commenicah q Exi- Mevbard 40 0.P.u, Mowe to Chu , Ratio + fa id Sttion, O.P.u tog Splauy Unit \) bate Deplen’ Uniddreakonat at a Hone | wi bxi- Wal ty Talidy | a | Ww ui) Fall Depew. Bidiveeho nat odbc Hane fe 2°= Mobile Prone+ Howthe node ies $ Ove Connected 49 eocin oth, aa , BGT Ts Gris tre Poysicat Struchre of 4 sled Tepoton af Hoe Network. a7 Types! 1) Mesh Topote ly Mesh Top 97 [Complore Tepsteg’y > CRavontage) Au tine devices are directty Connected, to each 4) here N= ne of Cables i? No oF Cables = Sez at \S (Disadvantage) * wy No ef Parse CHAN eget D. Ny (Disadcantey) -_ (Advantage): woop Cables: iw vec Seevre d - wp Retabitty \- 24 is by iqrest Reliab! nM paantet.): vi) Ty has. Paid -t0- Point Conne Deditaltd Comneebor chon ‘also senileiy Boch nodes are Connected Hore fi Neof Nodes 2 nr ii Neo of Ports re Gh Cenbral vw, ) Koo “5 yy Matt iy Seevrlty less than Mech Topole vy Tp hub eet door then entire network will gp way Cot doom fis Called Single Point faibre ; y Muth: Point Connechon ® vr 6) Commonitation 's Point to ~foint Cod wiphealio'bty less Hoan Mec Topelrgy Wy Be nw wy N EE5y Ring “fopelegy @ @ oe y tout H point eres! we pttisston Occur DLL oc Data Link Cae i> vai Collissiony Ocevreente * » frag ste quer’ bie todect with 4y Bus “Topol Se pea & ® a y Bus i> Called Beck bone Cable - W)Rel wtpility Low v) Security Lee wi) cation Pasi ate, iD) Ne of Cables !— Nt4 ny No of Ports t— ©5? Hybeia “opabeay Stor bus opolegy > THIS the Connecting wicecto which Wet Can ¢ DB des Lor mice nebwern devices . sometioncs Catled LAN. Coble /Ertbernt Gule 2) 100 Base 2>>?>8™ Explenetion oF Exam ples Cavore Stament — Inereosea Bassband Groeai! D Last Segment! 44 fe q ga ae oi q Use 40 Ihetebte the tengty of LAN Newortiog 7 A: Repeater 2 Hob 2. Bclage \ Switel § Rovtec © Goteaw ar D Repeater + rise py Workin (PL) \ * \sed to ie| Nerworwiog Dewees t | | 4 Repeater 4 2 Hub i was eh Fibce 2. Bcldge pa sent is Praer ee a T Physica veyeri- No s hee Physicat bey oaaresicy Bart Cpe) Pare Hacdnnd "3 6 @Qateaw Layer “ Die‘ Mat oad res$| Ether net (wee oars eng) NLiO OP address > 4 NL xdband | D Repeater aeve (1298) 6 Tris e pet rocawere dewite | TLS Rect ducts working ot Physteat Loper (lewis) cP ) Aire Gavses dae AOL a g aga ced LAN: i - oe © \eed to Increose the LAN ee- Repeater recaive fo die ana regenerate its of 0 seach @ SARE Signeck while Repeater wl rracata 6 A pile S56 7 o nt Pr vowenied Sina epeatir Cary Sep orale Me nwise fron 6 Or re) nak oi ou) but Armpli Fier amy. 9 * Melt Neo Svs) 7 AS Careo, - a) Collission domain (9) where Nooe nod Connected in A boty Hye end x B Heb [Extension of Repeader Hub LExtens ef Repeoter] Wrigioak | + Math -pert Repeater at nwa + Ne Pac So Werving at Physical Layer | ry) * Dust receive &. Forward th a dinchon/( Flood ' «As Hob ts a daditated So pete us Some Enron ee wry : See Hoe Puan pattern buep oF Leds we Can ques Feet the dwice OK] Nor OK. fest Fle ie F Repeater £ Hub Connect 1 2" tabie’s While Bridge Connect 2 LAN'S.J+ Nemuerk Bridge Connect two LANs MMs a devicw wrth fo use Comect te 2 clipferent s CLANS is vsed to Connect 2 Same type. or rrypeloy Un Q Data Link Loser (pit) a Tis o two - port device This ers MAC Address So halts aes Phys Cah lay,« Using a Mac addrets tab able t+ Can f ceward ty foo pachevlar dest f . (Receive, Ste c Nore 1 Theo Halts Theo if Bridge Con connect 2 different tyre but preetteamy it > Not Possibte \ “Token r [scons ine > Fregmerteser sf eae r Cry Jn Networ Lovfer | | D Maxirmens Transfer Sire (int) OF is aifferens yr | diffeet mehwork SO Ck -Paot Hime We have to | oa Se mentahon: bat Ye Heme jae is och dane in Network Layer bot Brite ceva WoreKing ot Date Link LopeDaye4 ya @ wheris Compater a @ a Network1— ARCANET Mitta. Risa €- yet Ager “Chatteris = 7 are Sharing Toei eka Np Bactip ) Sealaility Y Retiotili viy Sf tive 4 B : i —. ‘¢ee @® tan ~ ® WAN — @® fan - ® man > PAN i- CFersoroh Arto Nebo) Meteopatetirr aren Net A FANS the PEAR CORREIA oF in Cocmistion tech e y Sinelegy devices witein ade dy cof: ay Traivi duo Person tne rorye ot ‘panels WHtin O-+0 lo Memes Rarge O +0 ABO metres yeei=s ofice Coueze A Sebwls Cavs TY t> & Cettecton of devices Connected +o gether IH one poysicd location Seth os OFF ice y heme, att A LAN Can b& Senath or are Krem'Here Network wits oncuser to on kmter prise JH leo users In OMOfHCe OF School or Network with lore users in OMoKfice © Coveges” qa ® Bus «oP ea USes Sine RO Connets OAK Hot inctoded nodes | @ The main Coble acts ay an Spine of Hox entee | Network - & Ove of Hye Com puters Yr He NebworkK Get os o Cow puter Server @ when i+ has Z end pernts 4 lo Know as Linear@ fates nerwerw eoctn devices has erocty QZ ne naa devices J worpost = THis Fallcd a Fox topotes y os —" jo Whew Ring pe ® Bo this Fopeleny every Computer I> Connected apa Ho Broker Com purer © Lise Node is Combine worthy 0 First Node | From one Cony ® wero J) This topde: veces token tp Fea in 0,19 Otter each q arecing in || f all the messene trowel Brae Some 8 din ® m°» wove 1e Comg yer comp @ tah Topsy fos vnigpt TG) design in which ( d gach Comprer OO tee newer ih Connect to every { a odner & 2+ oes * Rie Lard. og Reta 6 Heres an | ALhworK Carle Lotls adobe rte, XN alterneivt wor fortoe data @ No data Loss fp or tromifertd erBees ? Jn tris. type or tosh ec | e I, | —Tepate Most of Hoe dewices cer calmost < | @ PEI Same techno leg y - Thean differenc * Hee few devitss are mi, sey witt ’ “t B devices : ) Bourg ® nodes / devices ae G % i Coch other . ae aeol ® 24 Combines @ D4 has toot 1, Corned tee AweorUhplk LANs wit, Pag bits; prpical adacss] Bither Stabe /d Aan Switch [Dgramic Suitch is inercinttiqen! tha, SHC Sule So tt can take detision ote +o He Sitva kon] 2 Riening 4 Qarale Fry 4[Revie Party > Bt Can Cannect LAM's of di ferent Mawel OS well an LAN'S of eee m 1 £de Fin SD Rovter in cated (53° device 2 outer fr Basti Od Network ies c | > TW Cen hanale Of adaress ee, git | Address] | ~ Store L Forwara [ealas viv] =): oF y ? s a) Dy Nehwer ik Loyec Segmentation is pos ; in Neboork and Router opercko workin Loyen So j4 Can Connect LAN'S of a erent : dechty hay a co Ipts both Stabe & Dynamic and t+ Yo the nes +: oe Deviceak >» Nede to No Flew Contre ( ay Error Control Walter G gy Meaivin Access Contre! tae Ceneept joo neept ox D O.2 Spore > PA Deshnahen 1 OZ- Nowe 4 Netwer, 6 oN a \ ee ) . ‘ae i Ot wmAcoua = Ace] of pu of DLL E OP address of Nehurn v LoverpYaciovs deleys iv ay Trorsmission Del C7] » eg [7] » Guevir Dele (al 4 Prousssing Delay (Trae \ © Te Time taken by Biss cre: . in data iw preact er at oO; t= Time Vanen by tne Trensenssion Delay , a Rn Gees C | Bardwiat ; > [e- | Geert C51) gue Ba rxeps Te? lg Le s . [iiedete Ab = 102'' bits i+ fn kops > toro b ede, «OR Ts Lew aaa x BiTime taken te fe i i. bitepe dake t a scaued | io E rel sil | [tp ee ~The a Vreb-3!- 1S 9-cun The ns. or opheah ier > Find +he propegahon Del eigen ey pes feat baht mn Gless = 24x08 Sed Axio. . bs > Axio x : = 105 (Gin) ||y ‘ ' ica D lay Stibrewace Ho prose ey ees ee CEMA piste Sh te process the pace or) Speed uf depends vf geese £0 forthese donotData Link ASS Leenre % @ Stop Z tow Con TROL =} fa) ee ‘suet ee she ed Rate & pesiving pode « a D> Sender Receiver beth ore Sale Rae Fling Tees Conte Pretocot x, S'S 9F Rates i ae, + Flew Contaor PRoTecers, Ke y STOP 2 way (eee) SEEING cru Nedy Prete, ol Go Bak y SELECTIVE RepEgs Caen) Csr) |Send. dow Size. Wy 24 i Window Size. Was 4 ef SB Protocet # Efficienay of S2uwRoond T rip Times 2 21, 27. “fl [egpewmeyct)~ + EFRON jameans We due # pre oyst 1 Ps% Efficing (9 4) 1, Mie ace able Send 2 Porewers but dee to Protecet baries / Umitatoh we are Sarrding 4 pocet Time) hs fr rn Tye ms Tp tins > Efficener (a: 2) Ay 1 weit Ombrok * | " rs tT cone os fer toes peare aval Pie o are Send } te fotans = perrier/ bmi toreon we ¢ | due ¥ par wst1 packet - chop PaenaA, a Thenah pet! > Ne oF bits Sendin ec unit Heme F ov iy u fFocwet Lengthy = L bits “Cie > igs i [eer Heat J ey ieee ese (> Band wid th) 4 ae * [Te xB oo. > = Ss ae ieee 2") (2 x8) wb nr ‘ a Paes a5, aE rhe nat least SO% then Whatts the relation bl 7% © Tp. And also Cateulate Hye mininumierh Of Packer qL a) Ty BS P [ze > 2x8 X77) i@aviens. Thy > ieee 5 a) Data Preked Leet] Deostoe® Trowlem, AY Aednealedge Loss /Dopies's Paccet Previem a) Deloyea Aeknewledye «/ Missing Name the prowlenns ewst In step. Q West Conto\ & Dies anyiwo previews of Step & Whit een: | a ta. Dats THe List /Deadlouw Provlern Paener Problem s Q : Se Sender BWRaied (ds protest ax by Aa AeKrousl ederemenAnis Cose Sendec In SEES) Hinks that 2, eerie. He Fawed Gay eee gret’s WEY Ceeuiver Hag ned Si 5 Stmdiing boex ane p petnaviecsement Ana, Raceiver Hinks thet the sender hadnet Send amy date panes: 7 Hee, Sender waiting For hc Kem ument 2, Receiver [Blen, . weitivg or Dota Pacmek S0- beth are a anae ftis Called Deadteocw- Gelatin gf the Totten TimersJn Genaec Side Oftee tn Resend the Doky ts Called SEW wir a= We'p tares Racer Soccess Esty gad Sending bacK tne Siig) law the AeXnaclengement in Loce 4 ot the SHIA oeaite ee me pheh!> already Ueuetived by reairer Si weave to put Sequence We on exery Dah Paves Te Time out Bwaitt TO + Sano on daty Pocnet sa Soppsse D success pecetved by reetiver and Acknowledgement but tts at Sending becw its ender Teena bat td wit be lost “So, hain iy ne —-Piscarded By receive? by checting Hoe Seay No. Now 4be ae Cadted (9)MW ke é | n 5 5 a7 Bt Due to the delay oF Ac Knowle dq canes U4 ve ¢ 6 1 Moat Some Pockets wir be missed becouse ane ¥ Hhete GELND Stqpene OF Bapsigine' £ A ¥ w Scluben of He { ad 5 ya Here, Wechawe te put Sequener No on each ak oes SEwWae + TO + Sey Noon Dota + Seq he on Acknw» hep ds det A totatly zed \ biotose > maga cee ihe x OE ercor pre eebi lity op the Channel opt J : t , don: tromemit Yoo packers bray So js 0-2 ard eo , deongmi td because Seek haw soar Pacneds we hawt 4o Aroncmit. totaily ent Anst- = “Total Pockets t= 0 60 0 450 : a ntnptnpd ~~ foo 0550 E. pamne of pornets i pe Peabability A |e eniAcknn ognallt Citi ) cyca Window Std Siding Wit “otro dve toni” af Stop & Welt PO? Pree’ Geamdeemerpetnet ~ Tex 27h € ay na ERproen ty ~ 4 1 Sheen = P Adda ve; ap onsen do tnéreste Phe off rcien © mere 0 of pockets tn dire Tet toe, haue fe cind Oo win dw of pacve > Be oteert (Serdie Winans) / Colindows gy, the Horry pol bE loo, (fF (Ws =1420) QD tornimom I> 4 oF we rox inner Efsi @ Moxtinsty We * (1420)e— a A yuu URULe Hye walt'ng Hine in Siding Windas If we ‘4 fo increase the nr bere aod fe fra ine mn i ae Hoe Ws > ty of . "4 Wirdow 2 . cea C22igs udu SUd ‘Ago UP? ingine Loy we Cannot Store Seqpeneis the meximum Sire 4 ende in : yn Shae of i fT Sender Winday # é so US] We ya 35) ee S Pel ms 3g . te al sy an—- Nimeritad!- 44-5 ms, Tee dase Ophtulate LDWind ow Sire (i) Seq, Number (in) No ig fF Ls fnsh = @ Widoo Stes tae s Ax Le sig ae (Sy NO* 0-24 Fits oslo cna iid —— & SendeyCte ae cs divec we oy Be dined a plcabion of Beastie ok ler Nekworus there a Which wt Can implement the SUiding Winder Conesp @ GebeckK N Caan) es [2g EET how coyatomber int So) first wt go & steps then “all urs rate any boc, 4 S95] + Sender Window Size (ws) Ws = N @® Senaee wind ae be gress tertCReeived 2 Ackremite deed) Rieti ? iD D2 |x Bele 34 a= d4 x) J : rie Here, Hine entre Window that ir N wi be ee febrangmittéd Haat 12 My Anis profecel fo Caled Gio Book Now ie > One hexnadedgement Seperet& Aetininilt dere ment Forwnons Rocneas Z rh % foreeery Pocket rs caved 1d CWed Comulotive Bodependent Acinewledge Roewere Medged) s (eds «Netesi— For GON wie Says Weta> N44 No of bits > me 2 Network Leto! Lat! BMPR iphone? common. Gammentabe “Of pot dependent proces 7 sities, mcs. Findude Lstdioh> Hpirdbcde A fentlh? princlude Asys/type-h7 Bin cleded vni'sed -by Hinclude< sino by yord main’) £ Close (§4); 5 Meadec.¢ @ Avr header oid manae hates wRON&LY)) E gus cre Lage ORte C4) meEFaRE, IP ig Catremp (messog seni breoky eles (§4)} ay 5 A Reader = Par heres Fate wi be nan) Wnteec sane as Of void Pe inka lies, Be esifo” SG ehar buffer L235 migigo (mgt OoBe had (Fa) ia priet§ Lt Reet § (strep (lf G fewit")= yor) %eNnt, but freaks 3 Compile ae >) Reviv b crsetSay) popes " ps => Ree ae + e Q wren Cott inaplement fesg we) wraltiple tint A Communcakioy b/w hwo {watutdoadl Precss &Y Q a mame pipe (PAFO) Mfict eveuste peadece then enceste Mae Gollene: [At af Conplle ton] ;([Sameies Geri] Not, buffer) uhfer yuendy « } # Fife 4 ees (and [aa (Sers8s Gen] ») Revives Win dm Sire 4 Wee N 0 Coatler . +) Wes We per > Here we have to tetronamit ‘only tht Corevpitd wekt+ but in Gon we hat to Heansiei4 te Hole thane a z entire Window, that’s why i+ is Coles Gdectve Pass ey ee Wind, ' Bee JAK => Gndeperdent [DIES with Gen @ Godlee hoe Re pra i> more eppoent than Flow Com Teaoni que trolFeBien -2 t a, i Be Tf Sty Net N then what i> S ! oy Sendec Window Si ceiver Win dow Size, in GBN Tech 4 ve este (Fasten 8 Uheian Say HOLE? Varese B Recervir, 9 Winder Se spe af bits? K wee [a*-1) Seay NO> a Were 4 gn ot Srie in GON Sunderee Going to Send = m+ Redondant wees) ¢ BtCon @ * sv us Compute Farity Bit» [vem ferity] D noe (TOD @® free arity p[tosefe] (ig po AGO wt bit Shad be Even\ %, < @Qoeo0o0 = 00e4 4 6010 2 eaorea. 0 o100 4 0,90 O44 0° Opa ya 1 > 40 014 to 01¢ 40 210° ao it 44 000 44 011 4, LA O4 aa FS RwWe howe 40 CadCulate the minimen & # Same irpt O4eering c t oD \ --oaP ADB 0usem ue” Dateword | ~ ION OON 101010 SLonoin NoLotet “a ae ia R Genderen da — Dt pees! é geared! > «2 Pe festioe——heaT J Ovo 111) 1) lolol on 3 Kz Receives | 103041440 Rite | Se date Ptno4444 4 "43040 — K'» f 40444 p04 7? reeks § 22040400 ~ ; id = ae ca! es 4's = Z 04444 —y a, — fedundede Os) oC | distrs 641440000 BangCRe (am~ Gov Doyev'e Redonadncy Ch Doteword = nn brits CROWS > rm bor'ts Codetiond > 4 uit. ger Bere boty Strder b Reciver ore cing to Commron divisor Called cee Fenetator a ¢ hve haven gis S dhuicon i. then Cee bits =(n-2) dert= Zergeer. Volo CRE Cnemeva me 4 Cobeware Codewoy Cheek error eiics o, ; it Exctusive oR | lou N000(4 444 4404 Se abl | 4so2|\\ | Be 4440 1| aaetyy 1400 4404 1 | (ory cee a se 1) eee Toit." 00\ (aaa 1101 wher | noo ol Vivo ol Ttol No vot Eero 0Frat ene 2 2) Dataword > lolo lololo Dioisee > Prtyromeahe nw 4 find Cedeverd = 11004 . Find CRO CuBr) ©2 Ansi— Ft A \\Ool 1101010100000 (212 14001) | 41000 | agoori\ || tl] 4 op 44040 44002 | | 41000 | q100r footoy| = crejoo! \O 10 181016 Oo10/ ool} Vt 000 \\oo\ \lolo \V 008 | \A1 60\ 1100) Om A No emeryoS Frobler -> Dataword > Poly nonma miwisor = =e WKF! 2 FORMER Dono | : $210 t oer | Eevee Batection 2 Comeebion “ech qpe me , Vy Hosn g Code: Colotate fining Code fer error defection 2 Correction telly Yor Surtatte example » ( lotnarns) e i>" Dotewwed = 1O0NolLms zurie eh” StPL Co, ., : Gober & er Hoe No of Redundancy 64S Beery: | [2 y mar4ay] = Formula 40 Cabeulete Noot oe Colon Redyndant bits. fgE rou nin - Error Delechion & Corre hon wD ep lk |: 2 ag aaaaaaaaal Ge 11,00) 0 Be 0/9110 /5 30 Ph: QertpeBeP 0041 0 fy = 4001 =70» Framing is dong tn DLL * Eeor- dthkehon dechnique ~ Fra ming t= Chee —Sure Intro }- Bites Hronsmited broven into disereate Frome ot Ane dota Liew loyer So oy Ant Wit Stetom lato Feomes 1d Called eB Fromiog . De Order de gurantee thot bit Séctamare emo Free, the Wa Chevy “Summ 14 Corpo s :In Muth port / Muthipent | Bren dns Cran : hectare SEMsing tne channek Com bn very ae “Vag Geppece heck Senden a frame ATES € ech on «& Uk OHnur host Connected nding Channel x ay VN / #SPD= Stacho Delitmeter > Fixed * Were Roo Checking, SED dnt Correct destination onli, | Ceceives tE, Frame ond Pe Other host wu ~ be | fording the Law, g | 1° Sn +e ond ._ _ co Ta & 4 “ypes oF Fram nae q xy fixed Leng Framing 4) Voriotte Lengitn Framing | | ame Length Framing !- Here Frame size must be enpals + Deis ie not veey no G lsralseo| Ep levOKe onus (Ena Delinmerer) | end + Tn tals Cose WE do not Know tee ot Hee Lrame ond old the frame eize are eqyrah frobleme\— " OH sire find I> corrupted then Hee very di fieast +0 {dean 6 tot Sine of Ht fume:TENE anetlable data to lees then Ly, then we howe fo put Some dom Caled Fadd ing < iF Vex] [roexe] econ Sto| Var b! l net ra we V & Lene ta Fran PI lose OF Variavie lengthy Framing , se ere , ED We have 4 g = itt. im ponent Hrat jasttad 6 to puta. Sutfuble ED XN > Shere on 2 techniques fer ED In Vanable, iit a“ i rocker St Thing . (i) Charecte ; eR Ny) Bt SEG ( af :(p [Dee | sro| sing these doer Syteo’ SCM denn Cy shooter obi Gist dato $ sis Poe Geme Bot here) & Pre way eyist io dake pent also (eal 4 Satation og Hae freben cching seer wath 4 (dalton) Gy receiver SAL ee pot here to re] sols) ~ a he nw Be dataport > te WERT ED Hen we Indpdua ond chSuppose the ED jo o& bit pattern of aie Eo Vay Whenever Peceinr Serze a +he Hern Mig nani thet the free has ended Bind M wit o Feeding a d re blew! — B's. r+ pattern OM) may ewist jin cht pry also ————_V h SAp} AT Olli | ol 1 Solution of bre Glenn | Sh date paws '> totelned with ED then unt hauedo Odd a Zero to ony peciton betwan two Onek. Dako ote ‘7 pat dolemee (One aie ee eee @) Whatys Framing 2 (3) What's Charecker Sif F DA Link Maragernerst [Medio Access Control] ® ME dedi cared Chained i> there We donot red ae — Accecs point ! Or chrared Chane {A} Wue reqpire Access pelntmechenisnn there are nests. a. touthipoint Channe as, So freny Ore Connected, OX hore 10 a the Channel accees mechanism: Pecets tp be Conbrolled tn @ Such aw that One Stabon Cant dransmit the data or vat gure & Aven 'f more Atohone arc deonemiltivg He dole Bere Should be no collis ston: peer7 ih ~ ALoKA bane Cema/en ra Ceareier Sence Y touttiple Access) Slotted ALoun - f Pore ALokA© OST model Vs TCP/TP model @) bon Topo lau Anca ga be (with db ) © Gus ® 4) Yoo, Suter ) hover oo! ea An ihe H (e) - Eyes on Forckiers) \ » a | } | Detalink Lea tr | 5 Responstbi Lives of Dade Lak Leger 2? Flow Conbrot (hw betes) a tine Repeat ‘ “ntl Pro Jem (S ware Eff Chen dar salir of oo C tre Se tatt= jax?) pea: 20 1 2 ast Rem ass. dS5-255-0 5 Guess Kins Do ™ 3 4 avert tay Neko a Pgyeans\ 2} | ; | ! Qn WulBipert/ MutHpelnt | Brewd Cost Channet toa } bostare Sensing dre channe® Conbhuans 1 Suppese ech Sendiny a frome ther |EOith reoeh alk otrer best Connected inthe Channel. ! | |g seve Stacting Fame Delimeter stact > & Cheeting, FD Hee Correct destination gal eceived the Frame and the Other host wd ~ he dis tseding the Gee “ @ Here, we are dar Beet cia EPA OE Chmnnet, o obert sousede Sil nothin oy x > SED (Stect Frame Dilimeke)!- It i> basic @ Sequence 4 es oes Frearin ad 4» Fixed Length Framing . 4y Noriaute Lematn Frointng, > Fined Ungth Framing! + Here Frame size must be eapals aa E> (eVOKB tonup (End Delireser) sah 1 not very Poparer: + Be dni Case WE do net Know ae ieee Hoe Frame ond ot the Lrame ize are eqpals Feoblerns\— "GE sire Lila to corcophed then tea very diffieust 40 oat tee Size oa the Frame: :He) a 2 ooloera a TTMosy ASS -25S-A5F Q5S.0.9 0 : ee 25E ASS A555, O go0:1.2.aso a $0 2ASE ASS aa, mes @ Here vulnerable Hme = 2 We of Sta-hont wand to tronsmis, @ G4 M)= @xe-*o (eo 218-4 a tate) g Mexinom ECPeeney = SM 6 le da A -26 : 2 AN 6% -2H /_. Bl ecre emu Gzars) [ : Ol cic E Alene E@e& (use LV method) ® Intme onty Apr Stakon Con transmey © Pore ALoWA 15) Conkroos Time Stet System @Ge Vy means im pore ALoHA in 27 envy 4 stahon Can Aron srnid: ees qe @x ers e2xt = Exe| 2) call oo) onl latl SsSense Muttiple Access (Csmn/en] PD Carrie i Anis, Detection & a + Csmar/ arn over Csinn comnled B here Corriee Seraing ond Persistent methreas ore enoc Same Oo CSMA but here enka is Collision detection @ Ne Getbee leant Concept here. B Vsiny Colftston Sitgnak we Con detect the Colliston . Cottision Signal mvs+ be feached ) within the dala transmiss'on. 4 isi ; Reme, coe Bey pocket (ee er “Tye Demin ie = Pane fetee Hor @ Avatye's af Collision J 10. 30m g ae i 1 | if ry con eae v ay ie > am AEB Ofacts foster OAM Collistor occurs 19 oa Bese) At Were Ay Ay yc oe Doth. ABE By < Us SU RaREESs ve the re 2 Colic ion faz te] Coltister «Se to duct Werst Cose (ase-23 La cobss'on 6) (e— Tpsth —*1 + Ad (100 AD A& Storts Anons mi lta and just before aarwoAm 6 Starts Levan + Soy ottCelicion Occurs eeive the Coth!sy'on Si Goliicion detec Mon 7 lr®. S a * Se;ot 13 pm Awl rec So to detect the cou’ sion [tere 2x7 Con ton &(eae Nedwent tages ° 03/0" pein 082 snode!? a Pasinen of 3r4 Loger in 632 Mode Bns = —> Neher L tent Layer in Networking bare (Mose impor a Responsibilities / Ponchos Of Netware Lager > Gasce Seen Delivery / Hee? Ro Hoss ip Or padressing. y Fes mentation Switching [ireprsré in PL> iii iy) ‘) Routing t Sours to Dekrakon Delivery » doe maio cart of Herma Love pur,ve] raty infleroctwo ruing So, Ne ec a Leaicet jcot Connection : Suppose poo GaN ay data From aa to A a wen te Ae cat aah on) go here the Ov erash meponsieilty of ofp Mania ge fr deliver Crowe fis-t0- 64 Men one F Hye “¢ &§ equals As paaress © eg LP AdAreds » coe ae SG pawever We Can'+ tran? rae 2 diveetty but We ce to ‘toa on Cae) qe bin Leper No de do Node to delivers sie DBD ae Addressing jo @ Logicot Adacess and here are 2 parts ae 2 Ofen Ap Addcess v Lym. ie eka ba user ee eepene oh: COS? per rEe A: 0 = 2?! bits FY aoe i 8: v 30 bits es ea 2g bts ; er as P pi ° Onippe cate 12g bits Ea Gloss F austen —f iP ee [One4 43+ 0ct-< [xz juge [> )A2> Pprisent NID | wi | | | Rost 8 Ootate } nap bs=F * | fepesentt HOD. ae Lop ‘| wy Nb ap, Nebrerds in Classe Loe 3 at siae [eo to 143] We Can vse U2e) ii) Ne op ap bids > Qubits. i) nor Hest pee Network « Q?4 V7 Nos Ucanre Host fer NoheoK 2974 2 ppsantgele Bop Newer bverz less white ue No of Hest por Netweer i> verg Ay P Oe oe ee @ An point VP We Sobdmet 2 Frm 24 because . Nap 2 Other for Doe C Diret Broadast Address) A bid fer vip Kenge 740127 Feetolem | 2 (ip 8 4S) Hosp (eae oQlass 7 —> Clessh 120 000 | o NetuokK IP :plos lay males ort pee ® = aa OSL Moded - Berane ral ° > Responsi biUbes or “irenspoct Leyes In Computer Network < ; @® End to End / frocess to Focees Pay using Fock Address (cervice Fein Addcessing gray) @® Flow Cin : CPoputar Flew Contrel > Seclechue Repeat — : cse)) a &) Error Contrat - C check Qomm {> used In thls ie) &) caren tobi n @® Con ou ControlB tas send | Peeas te Frees Deboery 4 | cheated / | (9 Foot Abts i» Of Addres @O Fr-ar @ wepprares- 60 FP Ina Cony © Hhereare So toony ports oreawsilo bith Troporient Tn whieh Port Bebe to dallven the messoge. Bocln Bet hove a unigpe Port Adaricsee Cit bit Bascess) . Velng Hose Port Address Transport love Com delicur Hr wessoye 40 a healer Pook So Ae Is cabled Freets to Roeser Delieny, sed in Arenspert Loyer ac Pateeote re on Contret Pertocodh a 7 y tor [herent : vecol ay uve [Uae Dekger fee “Tek 7 Ta Cohnecknn~oniented Tobocel @ we (Pessaute) ve re jen der in TOP DDeFine the Stveters of Hew en : Dnportent Poopucties af TSE ayes a FTeP is a byte Steramning. retecoh : pee oneate 5 saat . ce TEP aude a > Afr Greskng he esp henaer dv deh Som@lente 71 g Connection Oriented « [Revatid yo > ters | Tet is Full deplen Connection >Ter is owt hand Shauiag Conmetiona Seung hand shang gk + Request Cente tion + exenaledzstnt + cyontstien nes nblbhed erg Peagiteneting > lbeteraslehémente along ith dake) / D TER Feilase, eth Bure Aetna os werk shoei “4 a Rggibeesing SY > Eror Comat COhnertan) 5) Flow Con tok Silene Raped) : Cy > Congestion Control » > TEP Cenfools HAL Congestion of rode oo wol a» nebsoeKs Ter Header Stevedre [vr inp] fie mend] a Lengte of dhe TeP Header! Bebyhs 2 boboytes (Lege ents gaewebore Sat Samah pad seuss Seapereeice pa oo | Lo paeits aw | SORE] wiedes Se So Loo eee tes eneexSovn ok Pa vebite 26bies re ot Padsing = =P ites cast Oprons or Padding > AD bys poh srlscba take Carmen caning of- Shar Forms vad Pp ieenteg a @® HLEN > Header Lengen @® BUF raecve fer Gubre vee? Co Flaw Contras - @ Window Site = ® Flag bits = Cos Uke vegat Oats Milosoeagene @ Pets Pan ® Aste @® Sywe_Syoshio Sion © Fans Finis Reseta Sequnct Nb Bud [sabi] | ylitin a Segment there ore somang bytes «SP Gealy no op enon Bye 120 peesntal uk wnevtte lac f Tet header |9'bled 29 il Th Coby and shure ort ABS to repeat foe Sint of Heder [verre 4 eras] “ti Sequent: M0 LEA L Total 23% Seqpence NO Available. wee [fru valtgspene O10 #5442 20] 4 (atos2eis ively) | | Val bier Sequence with be frm O10\ 40) IM) toes vat [16 bits) Lieoine) Sepang 1 Sem Part & Dunakin Te. Loabie] B Aeshesledgement 0 1 Totet ACK We anetlaele = 2h ea byte N+ gain baste nest empect de He upto whieh wet reer Tech no ne ef Farts tye tate, — al 3¢ Sonu Rotts bbbits.) 0 40 65545) 2 here are wre art, 0 40 402 er Ba Kenn ve ports whith are called Near empered OY AcK 0 = 144 - ® 6 brs For Fabre Ure (Reserves) For Wal Ser vice Foie Tg eet £0 O80) Teer i Brtne a | Simple Walt Facer 2 1 CFT) Pate! EL there ore © bits fe Flng eto a5 Comre) Lovite she hamerp He bits]— oO Whindew Size (16 bits) © This O& Advertizing Window . s Each Node declares Mts own window Siz. sing this fied - ' Mex Windew Size = aie, EL Cheek Sum Lib orgy, > For Erron Contre t 2 Urgent “Pointer C16 wite] wh onl Polnler We Can Mmebitate Ip, ie soy ; 0 betes within a Sepa i et a Tons of ” Ope s “Foaing I, 40 bytes