PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN

NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS.
*¹Kingsley-Omoyibo Queeneth Adesuwa,
*¹Igbinedion University Okada, Okada town, Edo state, Nigeria.
*¹queeneth.omoyibo@iuokada.edu.ng
²Adeyemo Jacob Titilope
²Geocardinal Engineering, Wuse- Abuja, Nigeria.
²jtadeyemo@gmail.com
Corresponding author: queeneth.omoyibo@iuokada.edu.ng.+2348141391481.

ABSTRACT
This study aimed at evaluating the performance of technology transfer and intellectual property management
activities in tertiary institutions in Nigeria critically examining the performance of technology transfer and
intellectual property management activities in two universities in Nigeria. A Survey was carried out to critically
investigate the key parameters that will convert technology transfer into Intellectual Property (IP) assets using a
questionnaire survey amongst selected researchers in the university and workers in the Intellectual Property
Technology Transfer Offices (IPTTO) visited. The results recorded were validated through a set of data from one
sample T-test analysis concluding that the funding for researches that produce invention, a high level of support
during patent application, using the intellectual property policy, and the commercialization of inventions using
Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Offices established to create awareness is significantly responsible for
technology transfer and intellectual property management activities that produce inventions, This was confirmed
using a performance metrics assessment using the sample mean of 2.0200> test mean of 1.5, sample mean of
11.9650 >1.5 test mean and the sample mean of 7.375 > 1.5 and The standard error mean= 0.0099 with Mean
difference= 0.5200, standard error mean= 0.1707 with Mean difference=10.465 and standard error mean= 0.0677
with Mean difference= 5.875.Based on the results obtained, it has been established that commercializing inventions
and establishing IPTTO offices in Nigerian Universities will help to convert technology transfer into IP assets to
facilitate intellectual property management activities.
KEYWORDS:
Technology transfer, Intellectual property management, inventions, commercialization of inventions, intellectual
property assets, innovations.

1.0 INTRODUCTION,
Research engagements are activities conducted in tertiary institutions which could be either basic
research, applied research or experimental research areas of interest and focuses on the pivot role
played by the intellectual property asset a researcher could own. Intellectual Property Assets (IP
Assets) are transferable intangible property of an individual or a firm. Owning an IP asset
prevents others from possessing your rights. Some of the IP assets are: patients, industrial design,
trademark, copyrights, and trade secrets. Patent number and year of invention are important
information to be documented when filing for a patent to protect an innovation that has become
1
an invention. In Nigeria, a government agency known as National Office for Technology
Acquisition and Promotions (NOTAP) is responsible for the setting up of Intellectual Property
Technology Transfer Offices (IPTTO) in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. National Office for
Technology Acquisition and Promotions (NOTAP) provides services of nurturing talents,
initiates strategies to protect all the stakeholders and their creative works. NOTAP is a parastatal
established by Federal Ministry of Science and Technology charged with evaluating and
registering Technology transfer agreements, Promoting intellectual property, providing
technology advise and supportive services. NOTAP helps to commercialize Research and
Development (R & D) results, facilitate Industry linkage, maintain a compendium on R & D
activities in Nigeria, carry out production and publication of Industrial project profiles on Small
Medium scale Enterprises (SME’s), Attract foreign technologies and investment as well as carry
out development of indigenous technologies. NOTAP was established to carry out National
policy on Technology Development in order to encourage the flow of technology into Nigeria
with universities as anchor points, to strengthen industrial development and encourage domestic
enterprise to acquire foreign technologies that are suitable to the local environment.
An overview of Patenting Trends and Technology commercialization practices in the university
technology transfer offices in USA and China was studied and findings showed that Patents last
for a period of 20 years for a patentee to hold on to the intellectual property asset (Mohammed,
(2022). A framework was established for the opportunity recognition process in United Kingdom
for entrepreneurial universities. The framework was aimed at repositioning universities in the
UK for high productivity (Aldawod, 2022). The university technology offices was investigated in
a bid to looking into the inside-out perspective on stakeholder management in the matters of
intellectual property management activities(Geoffrey. et al., 2022).
The university technology offices was investigated in a bid to looking into the inside-out
perspective on stakeholder management in the matters of intellectual property management
activities(Geoffrey. et al., 2022). One of the solutions to university problems was identified to be
the use of a multilayered perspective on Entrepreneurial activities in the universities with
looking into the dynamics of joint university – industry laboratories (Meissner, 2022).
. A literary review of intellectual property management in technology transfer offices from
appropriation to utilization was critically examined. Intellectual property management in
technology transfer offices involved application of patents, patent search and availability of
intellectual property policy documents (Holgersson, 2019). The dynamics of the Entrepreneurial

2
universities helped to provide a structured ambivalence, curtail relative deprivation and
disseminate institution information in the Stanford innovation system (Etzkowitz, 2019).
An Entrepreneurial University in full operation will act as a Driver for economic growth and
social change and help to tackle key strategic challenges in the university (Magnus, et al., 2018).
University Knowledge has been converted into value with a critical look into how conceptual
framework contribute to the understanding of the third mission role of European universities in
Europe (Davey,2017).All issues of Patenting, Trademark and Trade secrets were critically
examined by the United States trademark office on issues of rights of a patentee and types of
Patents, Available at: https://www.uspto.gov/weldoffices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/patdesc.htm.
An overview of approval of Patent processes for Drugs, was carefully researched and finding
stated that patents that were copied without permission from the patentees were seen as offence
(Van Norman., 2016). The ownership of copyright as intellectual property assets was studied and
it was concluded that Copyright of owners should be respected as it emanates from the digital
classroom(Van Draska, 2003).
Technology transfer was reviewed for biomedical researchers and it was noted that intellectual
property of biomedical persons was taken very seriously and records of patent search for these
researchers were kept in a data bank (Kneller, 2001). The Technology Transfer system involving
copyrights, patents, industrial designs and trademarks emphasized the need for licensing
inventions and supporting patent application(Muir,1997).
Knowledge was considered as a property from the study carried out in the Massachusetts college
of Technology. The debate over academic Patent Policy was critically looked into with
resolutions that Patents are intellectual property rights of a patentee and should not be copied
without the consent of the patent owner(Etzkowitz, 1994). Technology Transfer Laws Governing
Federally Funded Research and Development was surveyed by Lacy,et al., in 1991
1.1 Commercialization of research results
Acquiring technology and applying it for indigenous goods, devices and services is important In
order to achieve commercialization. A National Innovation System (NIS) is focused to match
technology acquisition to meet the needs of the market and the industry. The problems faced by
research engagements and intellectual property creations are funding, low level of support during
patent application, availability of Intellectual Property Policy in Universities, low level of
collaboration between industries and the academia and Low level of awareness on intellectual

3
property management activities supposed to be created by the Intellectual Property Technology
Transfer Offices (IPTTO).

1.2 Technology transfer in Igbinedion University.

Igbinedion University Okada (IUO), Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria, is a university that offers
different range of higher Education Trainings in the Bachelors, Masters, and Doctor of
Philosophy degrees in eight (8) colleges namely: Arts & Social sciences, Engineering, Business
Administration & Management sciences, Pharmacy, Law, Natural Sciences, Medicine& Surgery
and Health sciences, conducting scientific researches domiciled in her Intellectual Property
Technology Transfer Office. At the IPTTO, the university has a history of her full time staff who
actively participates in researches within the IPTTO of IUO (Field survey, 2022).
Igbinedion University Okada (IUO) carries out four phases of IPTT processes which are:
1. Developmental phases where records of researches and publications of scientific researchers
are processed and funded to create spin offs that are facilitated with industry-academia-
government collaboration. 2. The concept phase that deals with Intellectual Property rights to
protect the works of researchers.3. Scientific research opportunity phase where spin offs are sold
off and inventions are licensed and The Exploitation / Start up phases funded by Bank of
Industry and full commercialization blown (Field survey, 2022).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Questionnaire Survey was used to critically investigate technology transfer that will manage
Intellectual Property (IP) assets administering the survey questions to selected researchers in the
university and workers in the IPTTO office of the university. The results obtained were validated
using a set of data from one sample T-test analysis. From the T-test results, it was concluded that
the funding for researches that produce invention, a high level of support during patent
application, using the intellectual property policy and the commercialization of inventions using
Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Offices established to create awareness is significantly
responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management activities that produce
inventions and encourage innovations.
2.1 Method of Data Collection
Through personal contact, questionnaires were distributed to selected researchers and two
selected universities with intellectual property technology transfer offices in order to provide
opportunity for the researcher to assist respondents to elicit the correct responses. A one-on-one

4
oral interview was carefully conducted with some researchers of the IPTTO office in the tertiary
institutions visited in Edo State. Both quantitative data and qualitative data were collected and
recorded for analysis.
2.2 Method of Data analysis
The one-sample t-test was used to analyze the quantitative data and the statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) software was used. Decisions were taken at a 0.05< level of significance.
The qualitative data was collected using the in-depth interview and analyzed with content and
thematic analysis. This study investigated the performance of technology transfer offices in two
selected universities and evaluated the intellectual property management activities. Based on
administered questionnaires and conducted in-depth interviews, data was collected and analyzed
with the one sample t-test and thematic content analysis using a total of two hundred (200)
questionnaires distributed.
2.2.1 Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis was formulated in the null form at a 5% level of significance with a decision showing
that if P-value of significance is greater than 0.05 (5%) level of significance then the two
hypothesis (Ho) will be accepted but if the P-value significance are less the 0.05 (5%) level of
significance we accept the alternate hypothesis (Ha)).
2.2.2 HYPOTHESIS ONE
Funding for researches that produce inventions and collaboration with Industry-Academia-
Government (I-A-G) for effective Intellectual property management activities was tested. In
testing for the above hypothesis one sample t-test of funding researches that produce inventions
was analyzed.
Table 1: Data of one sample t-test for funding and I-A-G collaboration.
Indicators N Mean Standard Df t-test Sig. (2-tailed)
Deviation

Funding researches that 200 2.02 0.1403 199 52.396 0.000

produce inventions and
collaboration with I-A-G

Test-value = 1.5 α = 0.05 standard error mean= 0.0099 Mean difference= 0.5200
From Table 2, calculated t-value is 52.396 with a p-value of 0.000. Testing at alpha level of
0.05. The p-value of 0.000 is less than 0.05.
The null hypothesis which states that the funded researches that produce invention is not
significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management activities
5
is rejected consequently it is concluded that the funded researches that produce invention is
significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management activities
that produce inventions and encourage innovations. This is confirmed by the sample mean of
2.0200 > test mean of 1.5.

2.2.3 HYPOTHESIS TWO

Intellectual property management activities, level of support during patent application and
abiding by the rules of intellectual property policy of the institution.
In testing for the hypothesis 2, one sample t-test of level of support during patent application and
abiding by the rules of the intellectual property policy was analyzed.
Table 2: Data from Questions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 and 20 one sample t-test on
patenting and IP policy.

Indicators N Mean Standard df t-test Sig.

(2-
deviation tailed

Level of support during 200 11.965 2.415 199 61.279 0.000

patent application and use 0
of the intellectual
property policy

α = 0.05 test-value = 1.5 standard error mean= 0.1707 Mean difference= 10.465

The calculated t-test value was recorded at 61.279 with a p-value of 0.000, at α = 0.05
significance. The p-value 0.000 < 0.05, hence Ho (null hypothesis) states that level of support
during patent application and use of intellectual property policy is not significantly responsible
for transfer and intellectual property management activities, hence it is rejected. Consequently, it
is concluded that a high level of support during patent application and using the intellectual
property policy is significantly responsible for the technology transfer and intellectual property
management activities. This is confirmed by the sample mean of 11.9650 which is higher than
1.5 test mean.
2.2.4 HYPOTHESIS THREE
Actions taken towards commercialization of inventions using industry-academia government
collaboration to create awareness using the intellectual property, technology transfer office
(IPTTO) established in schools is not significantly responsible for technology transfer and
intellectual property management activities. In testing this hypothesis, related data from the
questionnaires were used precisely from questions (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,25, 26 and 27).
6
Table 3: One sample t-test of hypothesis 3
Indicators N Mean Standard Df t-test Sig. (2-
tailed)
deviation

Commercialization of 200 7.375 0.9586 199 86.671 0.000

inventions and IPTTO

Test value = 1.5 α = 0.05 standard error mean= 0.0677 Mean difference= 5.875
Calculated t-value of 86.671, p-value the 0.000, at alpha level of 0.05. P-value < 0.05 level,
the Ho (null hypothesis) states that actions taken towards the commercialization of inventions
using Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Office established to create awareness, is not
significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management activities,
hence It is rejected and consequently responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property
management activities. This confirms the sample mean of 7.375 which is higher than 1.5, the test
mean.
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 4: Table of Questionnaires and in-depth interviews for the performance evaluation
of technology transfer and intellectual property management activities at tertiary
institutions in Nigeria : University of Benin, (UNIBEN), Edo State, Nigeria and Igbinedion
University Okada, Nigeria).
Category S/N Indicators Respondents Percentage (%)

1 a. Funding 50 25%
b. Collaboration with industry 26 13%

2 c. Level of support for patient 10 5%

d. IP policy 23 11,5%

3 e. Commercialization of inventions 51 25.5%

f. Awareness of IPTTO offices 40 20%

Total 200 100%

From questionnaires returned and found useable,The commercialization of inventions with 51

respondents at 25.5% took the lead showing that respondents were of the opinion that inventions
should be commercialized to promote entrepreneurship in universities and increase visibility
online for universities. Closely followed was Funding at 25% with 50 respondents as Funding is

7
crucial to researches that produce inventions. The creation of awareness for IP assets, workshops
and seminars for IP management activities from the IPTTO had 40 respondents with 20%.
Collaboration with Industries had 26 respondents with 13%. IP Policy had 23 respondents with
11.5% and level of support for patent application with 10 respondents at 5%.
From the hypothesis testing analysis of the questionnaire: There is a significant relationship
between funding researches that produce inventions and collaboration with industries academia
and government. This in turn improves the level of support during patent application by abiding
by the rules of intellectual property policy. Positives are taken to ensure commercialization of
inventions. Awareness for intellectual property management activities is powered by the
Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Office (IPTTO) established by government to
encourage flow of technology to strength industrial development, encourage domestic enterprise
and enlighten people on activities of IPTTO as shown from the test of hypothesis I, II, and III.
Thus there is a relationship between owning Intellectual Property (IP) assets and boosting online
visibility and internationalization of universities and using the intellectual property policy and
using the IPTTO offices to create awareness about all activities of IP management.
A good prior knowledge of IP to foster Promotions, filing in of Patents, Copyrights, industrial
designs, encourage patent search, patent drafting and trainings. IP policy and creating awareness
about IP management activities using the Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Office
(IPTTO), are significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property
management activities in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
3.1 Results from oral interview
A. Perceptions of institutional Intellectual Property Policy( IP policy) stated that:
1. Institutions interviewed had adequate IP policy.
2. People were aware of their university IP policy.
3. There is availability of IP policy of the universities in question.
4. Accessibility of the IP policy was high
5. All ownership structures in the policy were property articulated and declared.
6. All licensing processes were properly articulated as regards patenting.\
7. The IP policy of the universities interviewed spelt out profit sharing formula and revenue
sharing in clear terms to all parties involved.
8. Clearly, all rights of inventors are enshrined in the IP policy document. Hence, invention
disclosures were encouraged.

8
B. Funding
9.Availability of IP policy was noted. This in turn will aid adequate funding, encourage venture
funds, improve entrepreneurial drive, improve commercialization morale and enhance industry
collaboration.
C. Commercialization of Inventions
10.Organization of research exhibitions was present. This will help foster industrial visitations,
and boost prototype development so that potential manufactures/producers will sort after the
university and identify potentials that will lead to market analysis and actions will be taken.
D. Patent
11. A good prior knowledge of IP will foster promotions, career development, encourage
monetary returns and bring about recognition, fame to the university and awards. The university
with patients will enjoy good visibility on line and international recognition.
Awareness created by the IPTTO on patent, will encourage academia, innovators and inventor to
file in for patent and use patent drafting to acquire patent for the universities concerned.
A high level of support is available for tertiary institution / IPTTO’s for patent application in the
area of: Funding (patent fees), Training, Patent search.
E. Owning IP assets
12. Universities are encouraging their communities to own IP assets. Owning IP assets will boost
online visibility and internationalization of universities. From this survey, IP assets that have
been explored are: Patents, Industrial design, Copyrights and Trade secrets. Funding available
but not yet accessed are Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND), International donors
(Grants) and Institutional support grants. Information from the interview declares that there is a
relationship between the technology transfer and intellectual property management activities in
Nigerian tertiary institutions. The test of hypothesis in this study, using both the quantitative
(Questionnaires) and qualitative (in-depth interview), all indicated that there is a significant
relationship between technology transfer and intellectual property management activities in
tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Availability of Intellectual Property policy, awareness campaign
of IPTTO’s, funding, Industry-Academia-Government-Collaboration and commercialization of
researches are significantly responsible for a good performance of technology transfer and a
sound IP management activity in out tertiary institutions.

9
4.0 CONCLUSION
From the results of the analyzed questionnaires and conducted oral interviews, it can therefore be
concluded that:
1. Proper funding of researches that produce inventions will be significantly responsible
for a high level of awareness on patenting and high level of patent acquisition for
universities.
2. High level of support during patenting activities will be significantly responsible for
availability of funds for patent fees.
3. High level of collaboration between industries-academia and government will be
significantly responsible for increase in prototype development, sound entrepreneurial
drive, adequate funding, presence of incubators and presence of research
collaboration facilities.
4. The High level of awareness supposed to be massively created by the IPTTO’s
concerning: IP policy, IP management, Collaboration with industry, Entrepreneurial
drive, Incubators, Research commercialization facilities, Funding, Periodic training
and re-training of IPTT Offices, Workshops, seminars and talks and Patent drafting
session will be significantly responsible for good intellectual property management
activities.
I am hopeful as a researcher that the National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion
(NOTAP) Abuja will establish more IPTTO’s in our tertiary institutions in Nigeria to encourage
the flow of technology into the country in order to strengthen industrial development and
encourage domestic enterprise to attract foreign technologies that will acclimatize to the local
environment. Thus, it can be observed that there is a relationship between the government
agency National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP) with establishment
of IPTTO’s in our tertiary institutions in Nigeria which is directly related to the proliferation of
IPTTO’s in the country leading to a high rate of advocacy for prior knowledge of IP and
promotions. All public and private universities should have IPTTO’s and ensure to give high
level of support to institutions without IPTTO’s where it exist. All inventions must be
documented, funding sources must be boosted and commercialization should be largely
encouraged. All perceived barriers should be eradicated and possible interventions should be
provided by NOTAP so as to speed up all commercialization processes to ensure that technology
is managed for sustainable development in Nigeria.

10
Finally, future studies should be carried out in the area of ensuring that IP policy of universities
are massively available, accessible and very adequate. IP policy makers should create enough
awareness for more insights for government to rely on for decision making as regards licensing
processes, invention disclosures and patenting and encouraging innovations.
5.0 ACKOWLEDGEMENT
I humbly acknowledge the Universities that obliged me audience and participated in the survey,
Igbinedion University Okada and the university of Benin for information gathered for this
survey.

REFERENCES
Mohammed, A.F., (2022), An overview of Trends and Technology commercialization practices
in the university technology Patenting transfer offices in USA and China, Journal of World
Patent information, 68,102097.
Aldawod, A.(2022) , A framework for the opportunity recognition process in UK entrepreneurial
universities, Journal of Technological Forecasting and social change, 175, 121386.
Geoffrey. A., Vanhondeghem, S., (2022), An inside-out perspective on stakeholder management
in university technology offices, Journal of Technological Forecasting and social change, 175,
121291
Meissner, D., (2022), A multilayered perspective on Entrepreneurial universities: Looking into
the dynamics of joint university – industry laboratories, Journal of Technological Forecasting
and social change, 178(3), 121573.
Etzkowitz, H., Eloase, G., (2019), Entrepreneurial universities dynamics: Structured
ambivalence, relative deprivation and institution information in the Stanford innovation system,
Journal of Technological Forecasting and social change, 141, 159-171
Holgersson, M., Lise Aab., (2019), A literary review of intellectual property management in
technology transfer offices: From appropriation to utilization, Journal of Technology in society,
4, 23-29.
Magnus, K., Fayolle, A., Maribel, G., (2018), The Entrepreneurial University as Driver for
economic growth and social change: Key strategic Challenges, Journal of Technological
Forecasting and social change, 141, 149-158.

11
Davey, T., (2017), Converting University Knowledge into value: How conceptual framework
contributes to the understanding of the third mission role of European universities, International
journal of Technology transfer and commercialization, 20(1), 65-79.2022
Van Norman, G.A., (2016), Drug, devices and FDA: Part 1: An overview of approval of Patent
processes for Drugs, Journal of American College of cardiology, 1, 170-179.
Van Draska, M.S., (2003), Copyright in the digital classroom, Journal of applied Health, 32(1),
185-188.
Kneller, R., (2001). Technology transfer: A review for biomedical researchers, 7,761-774.
Muir, A.E., (1997), The Technology Transfer system, Latham book publishing, Latham NY, 2-7
Google scholar.
Etzkowitz, H., (1994). Knowledge as property: The Massachusetts college of Technology and
the debate over academic Patent Policy, Minerva 32,383-421.
Lacy, J.V., Brown, B.C., Rubin, M.P., (1991) Technology Transfer Laws Governing Federally
Funded Research and Development, Pepp. L. Rev, 19, 1-28..
United States Patent and Trade mark office. Types of Patent, Available at:
https://www.uspto.gov/weldoffices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/patdesc.htm accessed April 1st 2022. Google
scholar.

Questionnaires for the Performance Evaluation of Technology Transfer and Intellectual

Property Management Activities at Two Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria.
A=Agree SA=Strongly Agree D= Disagree SD= Strongly Disagree UD=Undecided.
An abridged version of the questionnaires due to conservation of Number of pages.

IGBINEDION UNIVERSITY OKADA (IUO)

EDO STATE, NIGERIA
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE ON:
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIAN
TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS.
12
 PREPARED BY:
1
ENGR.DR.MRS.QUEENETH ADESUWA KINGSLEY-OMOYIBO
2
ENGR. JACOB TITILOPE ADEYEMO
1
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ACADEMIA)
2
GEOTECHNICAL LTD, WUSE-ABUJA NIGERIA.(INDUSTRY)
APRIL, 2023

BIO-DATA OF RESPONDENTS

This section seeks background information about you. This information is for research purposes
only. Please indicate your answer by selecting the appropriate option.

1. Indicate your gender: male female

2. Please indicate your age group. Below 21 22-32 33-43 44-54 Above 55

3. Educational status: Secondary school OND Graduate Postgraduate

4. Type of employment: Full time Contract Casual

5. Occupation: IPTTO Staff Researcher

PART TWO
Please click your desired answer. Choose from 1 – 5.
Funding for researchers and collaboration with Industry-Academia-Government (I-A-G) for
effective Intellectual property management activities.
1. Strongly agreed
2. Agreed
3. Disagree
4. Strongly disagree
5. Undecided
2. Collaboration with Industry-Academia-Government (I-A-G) for effective Intellectual property
management activities will enhance Intellectual property management activities.

1 2 3 4 5

3. Intellectual property management activities will when documented will aid for data bank for
future reference to IPTTO activities.

13
 1 2 3 4 5

4. Level of support during patent application ought to be very high for high record of patent
license.
1 2 3 4 5

5. Abiding by the rules of intellectual property policy of the institution will help to improve
intellectual property management activities.
1 2 3 4 5

6.using the intellectual property, technology transfer office (IPTTO) established in schools is not
significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management activities.

1 2 3 4 5

7. Actions taken towards commercialization of inventions using industry-academia government

collaboration will create awareness for IPTTO.

1 2 3 4 5

8. using the intellectual property, technology transfer office (IPTTO) established in schools will
be significantly responsible for technology transfer and intellectual property management
activities

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

9. Institutions of higher learning should have adequate IP policy.

1 2 3 4 5

10. People are aware of their university IP policy.

1 2 3 4 5

11. There is availability of IP policy of the universities in question.

1 2 3 4 5

12. Accessibility of the IP policy is high in your institution.

1 2 3 4 5

14
13. All ownership structures in the policy were property articulated and declared.

1 2 3 4 5

14. The IP policy of the universities interviewed spelt out profit sharing formula and revenue
sharing in clear terms to all parties involved.
1 2 3 4 5
15. Clearly, all rights of inventors are enshrined in the IP policy document. Hence, invention
disclosures were encouraged.
1 2 3 4 5
B. Commercialization of Inventions
16. A good prior knowledge of IP will foster promotions, career development, encourage
monetary returns and bring about recognition, fame to the university and awards.
1 2 3 4 5
17.The university with patients will enjoy good visibility on line and international recognition.
Awareness created by the IPTTO on patent, will encourage academia, innovators and inventor to
file in for patent and use patent drafting to acquire patent for the universities concerned.
1 2 3 4 5
18.A high level of support is available for tertiary institution / IPTTO’s for patent application in
the area of: Funding (patent fees), Training, Patent search
1 2 3 4 5.
C. Owning IP assets
19. Universities are encouraging their communities to own IP assets. Owning IP assets will boost
online visibility and internationalization of universities. From this survey, IP assets that have
been explored are: Patents, Industrial design,

1 2 3 4 5

20. All licensing processes were properly articulated as regards patenting.

1 2 3 4 5

21. The IP policy of the universities interviewed spelt out profit sharing formula and revenue
sharing in clear terms to all parties involved.

1 2 3 4 5

15
22. Clearly, all rights of inventors are enshrined in the IP policy document. Hence, invention
disclosures were encouraged.

1 2 3 4 5

23. Availability of IP policy was noted. This in turn will aid adequate funding, encourage venture
funds, improve entrepreneurial drive, improve commercialization morale and enhance industry
collaboration.

1 2 3 4 5

24. A good prior knowledge of IP will foster promotions, career development, encourage
monetary returns and bring about recognition, fame to the university and awards.

1 2 3 4 5

25.Awareness created by the IPTTO on patent, will encourage academia, innovators and inventor
to file in for patent and use patent drafting to acquire patent for the universities concerned.
1 2 3 4 5

26. A high level of support is available for tertiary institution / IPTTO’s for patent application in
the area of: Funding (patent fees), Training, Patent search.
1 2 3 4 5

16