We can define a living creature using 7 features, MRS GREN.

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

We need oxygen and nutrients. Blood provides body cells with oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide. Blood absorbs oxygen from
the lungs.

The heart is made of very strong muscles. The muscle stretches and relaxes in a
rhythm to pump blood.
When the muscle contracts, it gets shorter. The walls of the chambers squeeze
inwards and pushes blood out of the heart.
The heart pumps the blood through the body, controls heart rate and maintains blood
pressure.
Average heart rate is 50-100 beats per minute.

There are 4 chambers in the heart. The upper chambers are atrium. The lower
chambers are ventricle. Artery is tway hlut
kyaww. Vein is tway pyan kyaww. Capillary is san chi mhyin tway kyaww.

Artery carries blood away from the heart to the organs.

Vein carries it towards the heart away from the organs.

Lungs = Pulmo, Heart = Cardio, Kidney = Renal, Sex = Genital, Vaso = Blood vessel.

The deoxygenated blood goes through veins to the right atrium and then right
ventricle and then to the lungs through
pulmonary artery. The lungs oxygenate and the oxygenated blood comes through
pulmonary veins to the left atrium and
then to the left ventricle. The large vein(left side) is vena cava. The large
artery(right side) is aorta.

Only the artery pumps blood and we can feel it. Artery has thick, elastic walls and
the lumen is narrow due to pressure.
It enlarges when blood flows through.

Veins have thin, elastic walls and the lumen is large because the force of the
blood flow from the heart is gone so there
is low pressure.
Veins have to carry blood against gravity. Veins have valves to maintain the blood
flow.

Capillary walls are very thin and made up of only one layer of cells.
Substances and white blood cells can squeeze through the cells of the capillary.
Capillaries supply cells with necessities and take away waste products.

The valves prevents backflow of blood/ ensures that blood flows in 1 direction.
There are atrioventricular valves(tricupid and mitral/bicuspid valves) and semi-
lunar valves(pulmonary and aortic valves).
Tricuspid - right atrium and ventricle, Bicuspid - left atrium and ventricle,
pulmonary - pulmonary artery, aotric - aorta

There are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
RBC's name is erythrocytes. WBC's name is leukocytes. Platelet's name is
thromobocytes.
RBC's life span is 120 days. WBC's life span is 15-20 days.

Red blood cells are the most common in the blood.

They transport oxygen with help of hemoglobin and their unusually small shape so
they can fit through capillaries.
Hemoglobin is produced in the bone marrow cells and liver. Iron is needed for
hemoglobin.
RBC does not have nucleus. They have more space to carry oxygen because of that.
They cannot divide. They have a biconcave disk shape.

White blood cells defend our body from diseases. It has a nucleus.
WBC has phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocyte is larger and is curved. Lympocyte is
spherical. The phagocyte digests
and puts out a false leg to capture bacteria.(Phagocytosis) The lymphocyte creates
antibodies to kill the bacteria.

Platelets are fragments of a cell and look like small plates. They are made from
the bone marrow.
It forms clots near the wound to stop bleedings and wounds and is activated when it
touches the air.
Platelets produce chemicals that make fibres form in blood.

Plasma is a yellowish liquid(water mostly) transports nutrients to the body.

Hemoglobin inside RBC and Oxygen combines> Oxyhemoglobin(happens in the lungs)

Oxygen seperates from the Oxyhemoglobin as blood flows through tissues. The
compound becomes hemoglobin again.

When we breathe air, it is deoxygenated.

The immune system attacks all pathogens.

Antigen = produced by the shell of viruses
Antibody = produced by the body