Pile, Pilecap & Pier For Pier P1 To P8, P9 To P14

PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF 2 LANE ROAD OVER BRIDGE IN
LIEU OF LC NO.- 01 AT KM 01/3-4 BETWEEN

PHULERA – SAMBHAR SECTION
SUBJECT: DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION, PILECAP & PIER FOR

PIER P1 TO P8, P9 TO P14
CLIENT: NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY

JAIPUR.
CONSULTANT: M/s. DHABAI CONSTRUCTION,

SIKAR.
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION UNDER PIER P1 TO P8,P9 TO P14:
1.0 DESIGN DATA, ASSUMPTIONS AND REFERENCES:

1.1 DESIGN DATA:
(i) Span c/c of pier/expansion joint: Span 1............... 24.000 m
Span 2............. 24.000 m
(ii) Effective span: Span 1............... 22.360 m
Span 2............. 22.360 m
(iii) Overall width…………………………. Span 1............... 10.900 m
Span 2............. 10.900 m
(iv) Carriageway………………………… Span 1............... 10.000 m
Span 2............. 10.000 m
(v) Type of sub structure………...………
R.C.C. wall type pier having width…. 1200 mm
Straight length of pier = 4800 mm
Equivalent length of pier = 5742.48 mm
Ht. of pier …….. 6.100 m
Type of foundation…………………..
(vi) Pile foundation………………
Length of pilecap …………………… 8.700 m
Width of pilecap ……………………. 5.100 m
Depth of pilecap……………………. 1.800 m
No. of pile………………………….. 6
Dia. of pile……………. 1.200 m
(vii) Length of piercap …………………. 8.500 m
Width of piercap…………………… 3.200 m
Straight depth of piercap………….. 0.500 m
Varying depth of piercap………….. 0.700 m
(viii) Formation level ……………… 111.640
Bearing level ………………. Span 1............... 109.315
Span 2............. 109.315
Piercap top level…………… 108.900
Piercap bottom level………. 107.700
Pier bottom level ………….. 101.600
Pile cap bottom level………… 99.800
Ground level ………………. 102.100
Founding level ……………… 76.800
Skew angle…………………. 0.000 °
LOADING STANDARDS:
1.2.1 Live Load:
(i) Class A three lane or single lane class 70 R wheeled vehicle + single lane of class A vehicle whichever governs
The Bridge is also checked for IRC Class SV Loading.
(ii) Footpath live load:-
Footpath loading as per clause 209 of IRC 6 with basic intensity of 500 Kg/m²
CONSULTANT:
M/s. DHABAI CONSTRUCTION,
1 SIKAR
1.2.2 Wind force:
As per IRC - 6 clause
1.2.3 Seismic force:

Site is located in seismic zone III.
As per IRC - 6 clause
Zone factor ………………
………………….. 0.16
Importance factor……………………. 1.20
Response reduction factor………………. 3.00
1.3 REFERENCES:
(a) IRC - 6 section II
(b) IRC - 112
(c) IRC - 78 section VII
1.4 Permissible Stresses: -

Concrete grade-------------------- M: 35 for pile
M: 35 for pilecap
M: 35 for pier
Grade of steel--------------------- Fe 500 D
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete (Ecm)---------- 32308.25 N/mm² for M: 35 (Annexure-A2) of
32308.25 N/mm² for M: 35 IRC: 112
32308.25 N/mm² for M: 35
Ultimate compressive strain in concrete (ε cu3)------- 0.0035 (Table 6.5 of IRC: 112)
Partial safety factor for concrete (γ m) ----------- 1.5 for basic and seismic combination
(Cl. 6.4.2.8 IRC: 112)
Coefficient to consider influence of concrete strength (α)------ 0.670
Design value of concrete compressive strength fcd = (α * fck/γ m) = 15.633 N/mm² for M: 35
15.633 N/mm² for M: 35
15.633 N/mm² for M: 35
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel (Es) ----- 200000 N/mm² cl. 6.2.2 of IRC: 112
Partial safety factor for steel (γs) ----------- 1.15 for basic and seismic combination
Ultimate tensile strain in steel (εs)------------- 0.002174
Modular ratio = (Es/Ecm) = 6.190 for M: 35 for pile
6.190 for M: 35 for pilecap
6.190 for M: 35 for pier
s.
CONSULTANT:
2 SIKAR
2.0 DIRECT LOAD:
2.1 DEAD LOAD:
2.1.1 SUPER-STRUCTURE:
DL + SIDL except surfacing:
Refer appendix - A
For 24.000m span reaction on pier = 260.000 t
Total dead load reaction = (260.000 + 260.000) = 520.000 t
Moment in longitudinal direction = (260.000 x 0.820 - 260.000 x 0.820) = 0.000 tm
Component perpendicular to pier = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tm
Component parellel to pier = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tm
For one span dislodged condition:
Moment in longitudinal direction = (260.000 x 0.820) = 213.200 tm
Total dead load reaction on pile = 520.000 t
Surfacing load (wearing coat):

Refer appendix - A
Total dead load reaction on pier = (25.000 + 25.000) = 50.000 t
Moment in longitudinal direction = (25.000 x 0.820 - 25.000 x 0.820) = 0.000 tm
For one span dislodged condition:
Moment in longitudinal direction = (25.000 x 0.820) = 20.500 tm
Total dead load reaction on pile = 50.000 t
2.1.2 SUB-STRUCTURE: -
(i) Pedestal:
Load = 3 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.415 x 2.5 + 3 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.415 x 2.5
= 6.225 t
(ii) Pier-cap:
Volume = 8.500 x 3.200 x 0.500 + 3.200 x (8.500 + 6.200)/2 x 0.700 = 30.064 m³
Load = 30.064 x 2.50 = 75.160 t
Total Reaction on Pier = (6.225 + 75.160) = 81.385 t
Reaction on pilecap = 81.385 t
(iii) Pier:
Area/Rmt = 5.742 x 1.200 = 6.891 m²
Volume = 6.891 x 6.100 = 42.035 m³
Load = 42.035 x 2.50 = 105.087 t
Reaction on pilecap = 105.087 t
CONSULTANT:
3 SIKAR
(iv) Pile cap:
Volume = 8.700 x 5.100 x 1.800
= 79.866 m³
Load = 79.866 x 2.50 = 199.665 t
CONSULTANT:
4 SIKAR
2.2.1 Live Load: -
(i) Single lane of Class 70 R loading: -
Case: 1 Max. reaction case gives max. logitudinal moment:
17 17 17 17 12 12 8
1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 9.780

0.820 22.360 0.820
A B C
22.360 x Ra = 8 x 9.780 + 2 x 12 x 14.500 + 4 x 17 x 20.285
RB = 80.752 t
RC = 100 - 80.752 = 19.248 t
ML = 80.752 x 0.820 = 66.217 tm
Case 2:- Max. live load case placing vehicle such a way that c.g. of vehicles coinsides with
c.g. of pier cap.
17 17 17 17 12 12 8
18.056 1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 14.904

22.360 1.640 22.360
A B C
RB = 43.513 T RA = 45.585 t
Total reaction = 43.513 + 45.585 = 89.098 t
ML = 45.585 x 0.820 - 43.513 x 0.820 = 1.699 tm
(ii) Two lane of Class A loading: -

2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
18.880 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.680

22.360 1.640 22.360
A B C
RB = 11.4 x 23.18 + 11.4 x 21.98 + 4 x 6.8 x 13.18/22.360 = 39.057 t
RA = 2 x 2.7 x 19.430/22.360 = 4.692 t
Total reaction = 39.057 + 4.692 = 43.750 t
For two lane total reaction = 43.750 x 2 = 87.499 t
ML = 39.057 x 0.820 - 4.692 x 0.820 = 28.179 tmt
Case 2:- Max. live load case placing vehicle such a way that c.g. of vehicles coinsides with c.g. of pier cap.
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
17.680 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.880

22.360 1.640 22.360
A B C
RB = 17.493 T RA = 27.427 t
Total reaction = 17.493 + 27.427 = 44.920 t
ML = 27.427 x 0.820 - 17.493 x 0.820 = 8.146 tm
CONSULTANT:
5 SIKAR
(iii) IRC SV loading: -
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
0.680
0.820 22.360 0.820
A B C
RB = 16 x 18 x 11.930/22.360 = 153.660 T
ML = 153.660 x 0.820 = 126.001 tm
Case 2:- Max. live load case placing vehicle such a way that c.g. of vehicles coinsides with c.g. of pier cap
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 9.5 9.5 6
7.550 0.351
22.360 1.640 22.360 0.820
A B C
RB = 121.861 t RA = 133.269 t
Total reaction = 121.861 + 133.269 = 255.130 t
ML = 133.269 x 0.820 - 121.861 x 0.820 = 9.355 tm
Transverse moment:
(a) Single lane of Class 70 R loading + Single lane of Class A loading:
footpath side
0.450 1.63 1.93 3.94 1.8 0.400
10.900
For class 70 R loading eccentricity e = 5.450 - 0.450 - 1.63 - 1.93/2 = 2.405 m
For class A loading eccentricity e = 5.450 - 0.450 - 1.63 - 1.93 - 3.94 - 1.8/2 = -3.400 m
(b) Three lanes of Class A loading:
0.450 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 0.400

10.900
For class A loading eccentricity e = 5.450 - 0.450 - 0.4 -1.8 - 1.7 - 1.8/2 = 0.200 m
Case 1: Max. reaction case gives max. longitudinal moment

Total reaction = 80.752 + 43.750 = 124.502 t
Moment ML = 66.217 + 28.179 = 94.396 tm
Component perpendicular to pier = 94.396 tm
Component parellel to pier = 0.000 tm
Moment MT = 80.752 x 2.405 + 43.750 x -3.400 = 45.460 tm
Total reaction = (3 x 43.750) = 131.249 t
Moment ML = (3 x 28.179) = 84.538 tm
Moment MT = 131.249 x 0.200 = 26.250 tm
CONSULTANT:
6 SIKAR
(c) IRC SV loading:
Total reaction = 153.660 t
Moment ML = 126.001 tm
Moment MT = 153.660 x 0.300 = 46.098 tm
p.
Case 2:- Max. live load case placing vehicle such a way that c.g. of vehicles coinsides with c.g. of pier cap.
Total reaction = 89.098 + 44.920 = 134.018 t
Moment ML = 1.699 + 8.146 = 9.846 tm
Moment MT = 89.098 x 2.405 + 44.920 x -3.400 = 61.554 tm
Total reaction = (3 x 44.920) = 134.759 t
Moment ML = (3 x 8.146) = 24.438 tm
Moment MT = 134.759 x 0.200 = 26.952 tm
(c) IRC SV loading:
Total reaction = 255.130 t
Moment ML = 9.355 tm
Moment MT = 255.130 x 0.300 = 76.539 tm
2.2.2 FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD:-

(i) For 24.000 m composite span:
Intensity = P' - (40 x L - 300)/9
= 500 - (40 x 22.360 - 300)/9
= 433.956 Kg/m² say 440.00 Kg/m²
Load = 24.000 x 1.500 x 0.440 x 0 = 0.000 t
Reaction = 0.000/2 = 0.000 t
(ii) For 24.000 m composite span:
Intensity = P' - (40 x L - 300)/9
= 500 - (40 x 22.360 - 300)/9
= 433.956 Kg/m² say 440.00 Kg/m²
Load = 0.440 x 24.000 x 1.500 x 0 = 0.000 t
Reaction = 0.000/2 = 0.000 t
CONSULTANT:
7 SIKAR
Cases considered:
(i) One span one side loaded:
Reaction = 0.000 t
ML = 0.000 x 0.820 = 0.000 tm
Component in longitudinal direction = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tm
Component in transverse direction = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tm
For pier design:
MT = 0.000 x 4.500 = 0.000 tm
Component in longitudinal direction = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tm
Component in transverse direction = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tm
For foundation design:
MT = 0.000 x 4.500 = 0.000 tm
(ii) Both span one side loaded:

Reaction = (0.000 + 0.000) = 0.000 t
ML = (0.000 x 0.820 - 0.000 x 0.820) = 0.000 tmt
Component in longitudinal direction = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tmt
Component in transverse direction = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tmt
For pier design:
MT = 0.000 x 4.500 = 0.000 tm
MT = 0.000 x 4.500 = 0.000 tm
(iii) One span both side loaded:

Reaction = (0.000 + 0.000) = 0.000 t
ML = 0.000 x 0.820 = 0.000 tmt
MT = 0.000 tm
(iv) both span both side loaded:

Reaction = (0.000 + 0.000) = 0.000 t
ML = (0.000 x 0.820 - 0.000 x 0.820) = 0.000 tmt
MT = 0.000 tm
CONSULTANT:
8 SIKAR
3.0 LATERAL FORCES: -
3.1 BRAKING FORCE: (Cl: 211 of IRC: 6)
The braking effect for two lane bridge shall be twenty percent of the first train load plus ten percent of the
load of the succeeding trains or part of thereof. Where the entire first train is not on the full span,
the braking force shall be taken as equal to twenty percent of the loads actually on the span.
Reduction in longitudinal effect for three lane traffic = 10 % (Ref.: IRC: 6-2016 cl. 205)
(i) Case 1: For class 70 R of single lane + single lane of class A loading
Braking force = 0.9 x (0.2 x 108.0 + 0.05 x 55.4) = 21.933 t
Reaction per pier = 21.933/2 = 10.967 t
Component perpendicular to pier = 10.967 t
Component parellel to pier = 0.000 t
Change in reaction = 21.933 x (2.325 + 1.2)/22.360 = ± 3.458 t
Moment @ bottom of pilecap = 10.967 x (109.315 - 99.800) = 104.346 tm
Moment @ base of pier = 10.967 x (109.315 - 101.600) = 84.607 tm
(ii) Case 2: For three lanes of class A wheeled vehicle

Braking force = 0.9 x (0.2 x 2 x 60.8 + 0.05 x 1 x 55.4) = 24.381 t
Reaction per pier = 24.381/2 = 12.191 t
Change in reaction = 24.381 x (2.325 + 1.2)/22.360 = ± 3.844 t
3.2 SEISMIC FORCES: (Ref.: cl. 219 of IRC: 6)

Seismic force = Feq = Ah x (Dead load + Appropriate live load)
Where, Ah = (Z/2) x (Sa/g)/(R/I)
Z = Zone factor = 0.16
I = Importance factor = 1.20
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient for 5% damping depending upon
fundamental period of vibration T which is based upon the following equations:
For foundation design: R = Response reduction factor =3.00
For sub-structure designR = Response reduction factor =3.00
For rocky or hard soil sites,
Sa/g = 2.5 0.0 ≤ T ≤ 0.40
1.0/T 0.40 ≤ T ≤ 4.00
T = Fundamental period of the bridge member (in sec.) for horizontal vibrations.
= 2.0(√D/1000F)
CONSULTANT:
9 SIKAR
For seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction:
D = Appropriate dead load and live of the super-structure in KN = 5700.0 KN
F = Horizontal force in KN required to be applied at the centre of mass of the superstructure for one mm hor.
deflection at the top of the pier along the considered direction of horizontal force. (stiffness of the section)
3 EI/L³ (for unit 1 mm deflection)
= 250.000 KN
T = 2 x √5700.0/(250.0 x 1000) = 0.302
For seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction: For foundation design
Sa/g = 2.500
Ah = (0.16/2) x (2.500)/(3.0/1.2) = 0.080 say 0.080
For foundation design seismic force increase by 1.35
Sr. No. Item Load Seismic 1.35 x L.A. up to bottom of pilecap Moment
t Force Seismic R.L. 99.800 tmt
0.08 G Force
1 Super structure 285.000 22.800 30.780 109.315 - 99.800 = 9.515 292.872
285.000 22.800 30.780 109.315 - 99.800 = 9.515 292.872
2 Pier cap 81.385 6.511 8.790 108.300 - 99.800 = 8.500 74.711
3 Pier 105.087 8.407 11.349 104.650 - 99.800 = 4.850 55.045
4 Pilecap 199.665 15.973 21.564 100.700 - 99.800 = 0.900 19.407
Total with super structure = 956.137 76.491 103.263 734.907
Total without super structure = 386.137 30.891 41.703 149.164
For seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction: For pier design

Sa/g = 2.500
Ah = (0.16/2) x (2.500)/(3.0/1.2) = 0.080 say 0.080
Seismic force in longitudinal direction at bottom of pier: R.L. 101.600
Sr. No. Item Load Seismic L.A. up to bottom Moment
t Force of pier R.L. 101.600 tmt
0.08 G
1 Super structure 285.000 22.800 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 175.902
285.000 22.800 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 175.902
2 Pier cap 81.385 6.511 108.300 - 101.600 = 6.700 43.622
3 Pier 105.087 8.407 104.650 - 101.600 = 3.050 25.641
Total with super structure = 756.472 60.518 421.068
Total without super structure = 186.472 14.918 69.264
One span dislodged condition: Considering importance factor = 1.000
Seismic force in longitudinal direction at bottom of pier: R.L. 101.600
0.067 G
1 Super structure 260.000 17.333 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 133.727
25.000 1.667 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 12.858
2 Pier cap 81.385 5.426 108.300 - 101.600 = 6.700 36.352
3 Pier 105.087 7.006 104.650 - 101.600 = 3.050 21.368
Total with super structure = 471.472 31.431 204.305
Total without super structure = 186.472 14.098 70.578
Seismic force on pile: -
Seismic force/pile = 0.08 x π/4 x 1.20² x 8.054 x 2.5 x 1.35 = 2.459 t
CONSULTANT:
10 SIKAR
For seismic coefficient in transverse direction:
D = Appropriate dead load and live of the super-structure in KN = 5969.5 KN
F = Horizontal force in KN required to be applied at the centre of mass of the
superstructure for one mm horizontal deflection at the top of the pier along the
considered direction of horizontal force. (stiffness of the section)
= 3 EI/L³ (for unit 1 mm deflection)
= 250.000 KN
T = 2 x √(5969.5/(250.0 x 1000) = 0.309
Sa/g = 2.500
Ah = (0.16/2) x (2.500)/(3.0/1.2) = 0.080 say 0.080
Sr. No. Item Load Seismic 1.35 x L.A. up to bottom of pilecap Moment
t Force Seismic R.L. 99.800 tmt
0.08 G Force
1 Super structure 285.000 22.800 30.780 109.315 - 99.800 = 9.515 292.872
285.000 22.800 30.780 109.315 - 99.800 = 9.515 292.872
2 Pier cap 81.385 6.511 8.790 108.300 - 99.800 = 8.500 74.711
3 Pier 105.087 8.407 11.349 104.650 - 99.800 = 4.850 55.045
4 20% live load 26.952 2.156 2.911 109.315 - 99.800 = 9.515 27.696
5 Pilecap 199.665 15.973 21.564 100.700 - 99.800 = 0.900 19.407
Total = 983.089 78.647 106.174 762.603
For seismic coefficient in transverse direction: For pier design

Sa/g = 2.500
Ah = (0.16/2) x (2.500)/(3.0/1.2) = 0.080 say 0.080
Seismic force in transverse direction at bottom of pier: R.L. 101.600
0.08 G
1 Super structure 285.000 22.800 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 175.902
285.000 22.800 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 175.902
2 Pier cap 81.385 6.511 108.300 - 101.600 = 6.700 43.622
3 Pier 105.087 8.407 104.650 - 101.600 = 3.050 25.641
4 20% live load 26.952 2.156 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 16.635
Total = 783.424 62.674 437.702
One span dislodged condition:

Seismic force in transverse direction at bottom of pier: R.L. 101.600
0.067 G
1 Super structure 260.000 17.333 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 133.727
25.000 1.667 109.315 - 101.600 = 7.715 12.858
2 Pier cap 81.385 5.426 108.300 - 101.600 = 6.700 36.352
3 Pier 105.087 7.006 104.650 - 101.600 = 3.050 21.368
Total = 471.472 31.431 204.305
Seismic force on pile: -
Seismic force/pile =0.08 x π/4 x 1.20² x 8.054 x 2.5 x 1.35 = 2.459 t
CONSULTANT:
11 SIKAR
3.3 WIND FORCE:
Bridge location = Plain terrain
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 47 m/s (IRC: 6-2017, Fig.-6)
Factor applied for the hourly mean speed of wind = 47/33 = 1.424 (IRC: 6-2017 cl. 209.2, note-3)
Factor applied for the horizontal wind pressure = 47²/33² = 2.028 (IRC: 6-2017 cl. 209.2, note-4)
Height of super structure frrom G.L. = 111.640 - 102.100 = 9.540 m
Design wind force on super structure:
Transverse wind force (F T) = Pz x A1 x G x CD (IRC: 6 -2017, cl. 209.3.3)
where, Pz = Hourly mean wind pressure in N/m² (IRC: 6 -2017, Table 5)
= 463.700 x 2.028
= 940.600 N/m²
Area A1 = solid area in m² (half of area from span 1 and span 2)
= 24.000 x 3.880
= 93.12 m²
G = Gust factor (IRC: 6-2017, cl. 209.3.3)
=2
CD = Drag coefficient (IRC: 6-2017, cl. 209.3.3)
b/d ratio = 10.900/3.88 = 2.809 CD = 2.189
Transverse wind force (F T) = (940.600 x 93.120 x 2.000 x 2.189)

= 383516.44 N
= 38.352 t acting at R.L. 111.178
Moment @ bottom of pier = 38.352 x (111.178 - 101.600) = 367.313 tm
Longitudinal wind force = 25% of transverse wind force = 9.588 t

Vertical wind force (FT) = Pz x A3 x G x CL (IRC: 6 -2017, cl. 209.3.5)

= 463.700 x 2.028
= 940.600 N/m²
= 24.000 x 10.900
= 261.6 m²
=2
CL = Lift coefficient (IRC: 6-2017, cl. 209.3,5)
= 0.750
Vertical wind force per pier (FT) = 940.600 x 261.600 x 2.000 x 0.750
= 369091.40 N
= 36.909 t
Wind force on live load: (Ref.: cl. 209.3.7 of IRC: 6-2017)

For wind speed above 36 m/s effect of live load not to be considered.
CONSULTANT:
12 SIKAR
Design wind force on sub-structure:
(a) Piercap: Top rectangle portion
Height of piercap from G.L. = 108.900 - 102.100 = 6.800 m
= 463.7 x 2.028
= 940.600 N/m²
= 3.200 x 0.500
= 1.600 m²
=2
b/d ratio = 8.500/3.200 = 2.656 CD = 0.800
h/b ratio = 1.200/3.200 = 0.375
= 2407.936 N
= 0.241 t acting at R.L. 108.65

Bottom trapezoidal portion

Height of piercap from G.L. = 108.400 - 102.100 = 6.300 m
= 463.7 x 2.028
= 940.600 N/m²
= 3.200 x 0.700
= 2.240 m²
=2
b/d ratio = 1.200/3.200 = 0.375 CD = 0.800
h/b ratio = 1.200/3.200 = 0.375
= 3371.110 N
= 0.337 t acting at R.L. 108.05

CONSULTANT:
13 SIKAR
Pier:
Height of pier from G.L. = 107.700 - 102.100 = 5.600 m
= 463.7 x 2.028
= 940.600 N/m²
= 1.200 x 5.600
= 6.720 m²
=2
b/d ratio = 1.200/1.200 = 1.000 CD = 0.500
h/b ratio = 5.083
Transverse wind force (F T) = 940.600 x 6.720 x 2.000 x 0.500
= 6320.831 N
= 0.632 t acting at R.L. 104.900

Summary of wind force without live load:

Vertical force = 36.909 t
Horizontal force in transverse direction = 38.352 + 0.241 + 0.337 + 0.632 = 39.562 t
Horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 9.588 + 0.060 + 0.084 + 0.158 = 9.890 t
Moment at base of pier:

Moment in transverse direction = 367.313 + 2.131 + 2.174 + 2.086 = 373.704 tm
Moment in longitudinal direction = 91.828 + 0.424 + 0.544 + 0.521 = 93.318 tm
Moment at bottom of pilecap:

Moment in transverse direction = 436.346 + 2.131 + 2.781 + 3.224 = 444.482 tm
Moment in longitudinal direction = 109.086 + 0.533 + 0.695 + 0.806 = 111.120 tm

Vertical force = 18.455 t
Horizontal force in transverse direction = 38.352/2 + 0.241 + 0.337 + 0.632 = 20.386 t
Horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 9.588/2 + 0.060 + 0.084 + 0.158 = 5.096 t
Moment at base of pier:

Moment in transverse direction = 367.313/2 + 2.131 + 2.174 + 2.086 = 190.048 tm
Moment in longitudinal direction = 91.828/2 + 0.424 + 0.544 + 0.521 = 47.404 tm
CONSULTANT:
14 SIKAR
3.4 LONGITUDINAL FORCE:
Normal condition: With live load
Fixed bearing = Fh/2 + μ(Rg + Rq) or Fh - μ(Rg + Rq)
= 24.381/2 + 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000 + 134.759) 24.381 - 0.03 x (260.000 + 25.000 + 134.759)
= 0.000 t 0.000 t
Free bearing = μ(Rg + Rq)

= 0.03 x (260.000 + 25.000)
= 0.000 t
Net horizontal force = (0.000 - 0.000) = 0.000 t

Horizontal force for foundation design = 0.000 t
Component in longitudinal direction = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 t
Component in transverse direction = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 t
Moment @ bottom of pilecap = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800)

= 0.000 tm
Component in longitudinal direction =0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tm
Moment @ base of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600)

= 0.000 tm
Normal condition: Without live load

= 0/2 + 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000) 0 - 0.03 x (260.000 + 25.000)
= 0.000 t 0.000 t
Free bearing = μ(Rg + Rq)

= 0.03 x (260.000 + 25.000)
= 0.000 t
Net horizontal force = (0.000 - 0.000) = 0.000 t

Horizontal force for foundation design = 0.000 t
Component in longitudinal direction =0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 t
Moment @ bottom of pilecap = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800)

= 0.000 tm
Moment @ base of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600)

= 0.000 tm
CONSULTANT:
15 SIKAR
Seimic condition:
For pier design:
Fixed bearing = 22.800 x 2 + 0.2 x 24.381 = 50.476 t or
= ((22.800 x 2 + 24.381 x 0.2)/2) + 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000 + 0.2 x 134.759 )
= 40.836 t whichever is greater.
Horizontal force for design = 0.000 t


Fixed bearing = 30.780 x 2 + 0.2 x 24.381 = 66.436 t or
= ((30.780 x 2 + 24.381 x 0.2)/2) + 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000 + 0.2 x 134.759)
= 48.816 t whichever is greater.

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) = 0.000 tm


Normal condition:
= 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000) 0 - 0.03 x (260.000 + 25.000)
= 14.250 t -8.550 t
Net horizontal force = 0.000 t

Component in longitudinal direction = 0.000 x cos 0.000 = 0.000 tm.
Component in transverse direction = 0.000 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tm.
Seimic condition:
Fixed bearing = 19.000 x 2 = 38.000 t or
= ((19.000 x 2)/2) + 0.05 x (260.000 + 25.000) = 33.250 t whichever is greater.

CONSULTANT:
16 SIKAR
3.5 DEFORMATION OF BEARING:
(i) For 24.000 m span:
(a) Due to temperature: (Ref: para 214.3 of IRC: 6)
t = l x  x t
= 2236.0/2 x 120 x 10-7 x 25.0 = 0.335 cm
(b) Due to shrinkage:
s = l x s
= 2236.0/2 x 2.0 x 10-4 = 0.224 cm
(c) Due to creep of concrete:
Av. Stress = 80.000 Kg/cm²
@ 90% strength creep strain = 4.4 x 10-4 per 10 Mpa
c = 80.0/100 x 22360.0/2 x 4.4 x 10-4 = 0.394 cm
(d) Due to Elastic shortening of concrete:
Strength @ 7 days = 80%
E= 323082.50 Kg/cm²
Deformation due to Elastic shortening =80.0/323082.5 x 2236.0/2 = 0.277 cm
Total deformation = 0.335 + 0.224 + 0.394 + 0.277 = 1.229 cm

Assuming size of bearing = 65 cm x 30 cm x 7.8 cm
Horizontal force =  x A x G/T
= 1.229 x 65 x 30 x 10/(6.0 x 1000)
= 3.995 t
For 3 bearings = 3 x 3.995 = 11.986 t
(ii) For 24.000 m span:

t = l x  x t
= 2236.0/2 x 120 x 10-7 x 25.0 = 0.335 cm
s = l x s
= 2236.0/2 x 2.0 x 10-4 = 0.224 cm
c = 80.0/100 x 22360.0/2 x 4.4 x 10-4 = 0.394 cm
E= 323082.50 Kg/cm²

= 1.229 x 65 x 30 x 10/(6.0 x 1000)
= 3.995 t
For 3 bearings = 3 x 3.995 = 11.986 t
CONSULTANT:
17 SIKAR
Net Horizontal Force = 11.986 - 11.986 = 0.000 t


For 24.000 m span: For One Span Dislodge Condition

t = l x  x t
= 2236.0/2 x 120 x 10-7 x 25.0 = 0.335 cm
s = l x s
= 2236.0/2 x 2.0 x 10-4 = 0.224 cm
c = 80.0/100 x 22360.0/2 x 4.4 x 10-4 = 0.394 cm
E= 323082.50 Kg/cm²

= 1.229 x 65 x 30 x 10/(6.0 x 1000)
= 3.995 t
For 3 bearings = 3 x 3.995 = 11.986 t
Net Horizontal Force = 11.986 t


CONSULTANT:
18 SIKAR
3.6 CENTRIFUGAL FORCES: For 24.000 m span:
(i) Case 1: For class 70 R of single lane + Class A of single lane
WV² C = Centrifugal Force
C=
127R W = Live Load = 155.4 t
155.4 x 50² V = Design Speed = 50 km/h
=
127 x 125 R = Radius = 125 m
= 24.472 t
Reaction per pier = 12.236 t
Moment @ bottom of pile cap = 12.236 x (112.840 - 99.800) = 159.560 tm
Component in longitudinal direction =159.560 x sin 0.000 = 0.000 tm
(ii) Case 2: For Three lanes of class A wheeled vehicle

C=
127R W = Live Load = 166.2 t
=
127 x 125 R = Radius = 125 m
= 26.173 t
(iii) Case 3: For IRC class SV wheeled vehicle

C=
127R W = Live Load = 385 t
=
127 x 125 R = Radius = 125 m
= 0.606 t
CONSULTANT:
19 SIKAR
4.0 DESIGN OF PIER: SUMMARY OF LOADS AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF PIER
For seismic condition live load is 20% considered. i.e. R.L. 101.600
Sr. No. Description Direct Moment in tmt
Load (t) In longi. In trans.
1 Direct load
a Super-structure load without surfacing 520.000 0.000 0.000
b Surfacing load (wearing coat) 50.000 0.000 0.000
c Pier-cap & Pedestal 81.385
d Pier 105.087
e Buoyancy force 0.000
2 Live load
a Max. R case which gives max. long. Moment
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Single Class A loading 124.502 94.396 0.000
0.000 45.460
(ii) Three lanes of class A loading 131.249 84.538 0.000
0.000 26.250
(iii) IRC SV loading 153.660 126.001 0.000
0.000 46.098
b Max. live load with c.g. coinsides with piercap
0.000 61.554
0.000 26.952
0.000 76.539
3 Footpath live load
a One span one side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
b Both span one side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
c One span both side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
d Both span both side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
4 Braking force
5 Seismic force
a In longitudinal direction 421.068 131.311
b In transverse direction 126.320 437.702
6 Longitudinal force
Normal condition With live load 0.000 0.000
Without live load 0.000 0.000
Seismic condition 0.000 0.000
7 Wind force -36.909 93.318 373.704
8 Centrifugal force Class 70 R loading 0.000 137.535
Class A loading 0.000 147.094
SV loading 0.000 3.407
CONSULTANT:
20 SIKAR
Sr. No. Description Direct Moment in tmt Resultant
Load (t) In longi. In trans. Moment
9 Deformation of bearing 0.000 0.000
Cases considered
Partial safety factor for verification of serviceability limit state:
Rare combination Quasi permanent
Dead load, Super structure load without surfacing = 1.00 1.00
Surfacing load (wearing coat) = 1.20 1.20
Live load, Footpath live load, Braking force = 1.00 0.00
Buoyancy force = 0.15 0.15
Water current force = 1.00 0.00
Deformation of bearing = 0.60 0.50
Rare combination
1 Normal condition
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Single Class A loading
One span one side footpath live load 894.432 179.003 182.995 255.987
Both span one side footpath live load 894.432 179.003 182.995 255.987
One span both side footpath live load 894.432 179.003 182.995 255.987
Both span both side footpath live load 894.432 179.003 182.995 255.987
(ii) Three lanes of class A loading
(iii) IRC SV loading
Quasi permanent combination
1 DL only 766.472 0.000 0.000
CONSULTANT:
21 SIKAR
Partial safety factor for verification of structural strength: Basic combination Seismic combination
IRC SV loading = 1.15
Seismic effect = During service 1.50
During construction 0.75
Wind load: Leading load 1.50
Accompanying load 0.90
Cases considered
Basic combination
1 Normal condition
Both span both side footpath livS 1334.637 10.758 93.131 93.750
CONSULTANT:
22 SIKAR
2 Seismic in longi. direction
3 Seismic in trans. direction
4 Normal condition with wind direction
a Wind (upward) + No LL 985.874 139.977 560.556 577.769
CONSULTANT:
23 SIKAR
4 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR PIER:
Concrete mix : M: 35
Grade of reinforcement Fe : 500
Permissible stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Width b = 1200.0 mm
Depth D = 5742.48 mm
Area of concrete = 6890973 mm²
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia. of stirrups = 16 mm
Effective cover d' = 68.50 mm
Reinforcement details:
Bars alongn minor direction 'b' Bars along major direction 'D'
No. Dia. No. Dia.
10 25 32 25
Proposed steel Ast = 41233 mm²
Proposed percentage steel = 0.598
Sr. Condition Ultimate Transverse Longi. Resistance load Biaxial Bending
No. Direct load Moment Moment PuR MuTR MuLR αn Ratio
KN (Pu) (MuT) KNm (MuL) KNm KN KNm KNm
1 Normal condition 12331.77 2744.93 2685.04 82429 45026 13264 1.04 0.408
12438.76 2600.15 2678.81 82394 45144 13302 1.04 0.405
12179.47 581.24 1449.01 45183 44860 13209 1.13 0.309
2 Seismic in longitudinal direction 10668.30 2335.65 6674.02 78791 43144 12653 1.02 0.558
10682.56 2316.35 6673.19 78793 43160 12658 1.03 0.557
3 Seismic in transverse direction 10668.30 6931.53 2252.81 83639 43144 12653 1.02 0.486
10682.56 6912.22 2251.98 83634 43160 12658 1.02 0.485
4 Wind condition 9858.74 5605.56 1399.77 84332 42182 12344 1.01 0.449
Minimum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.2.2 of IRC 112: 2011)

1) As min = 0.002 x Ac
= 0.002 x 68909.734
= 137.819 cm² < 412.334 cm² OK
As min = 0.10 NED/fyd
NED = Design axial force = 1334.637 t
fyd = Design yield strength of reinforcement = 4347.826 Kg/cm²
As min = 30.697 cm² < 412.334 cm² OK
2) Maximum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.3.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

As max = 0.04 x Ac
= 0.04 x 68909.734
= 2756.389 cm² > 412.334 cm² OK
CONSULTANT:
24 SIKAR
4.2 DESIGN OF PIER: One span dislodged condition
SUMMARY OF LOADS AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF PIER i.e. R.L. 101.600

1 Direct load
d Pier 105.087
e Buoyancy force 0.000
2 Seismic force
a In longitudinal direction 204.305 61.291
b In transverse direction 61.291 204.305
3 Deformation of Bearing
Normal condition 92.475 0.000
Seismic condition 92.475 0.000
4 Wind force -18.455 47.404 190.048
5 Force due to gradient
Dead load 0.000 0.000
Surfacing load 0.000 0.000
Cases considered (Ultimate limit state condition)
1 Normal condition 646.488 406.922 0.000 406.922
2 Seismic in longi. direction 646.488 523.161 45.969 525.177
3 Seismic in trans. Direction 646.488 415.901 153.229 443.230
4 Wind condition 618.806 478.028 285.072 556.575
CONSULTANT:
25 SIKAR
4.2.1 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR PIER:
Concrete mix : M: 35
Grade of reinforcement Fe : 500
Permissible stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Width b = 1200 mm
Depth D = 5742.48 mm
Area of concrete = 6890973 mm²
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia. of stirrups = 16 mm
Effective cover d' = 68.50 mm
Reinforcement details:
Bars alongn minor direction 'b' Bars along major direction 'D'
No. Dia. No. Dia.
10 25 32 25
Proposed steel Ast = 41233 mm²
Proposed percentage steel = 0.598
Sr. Condition Ultimate Transverse Longi. Resistance load Biaxial bending
No. Direct load Moment Moment PuR MuTR MuLR αn Ratio
KN (Pu) (MuT) KNm (MuL) KNm KN KNm KNm
1 Normal condition 6464.88 0.00 4069.22 84142.5 37831.8 10943.2 1.00 0.416
2 Seismic in longitudinal direction 6464.88 459.69 5231.61 84142.5 37831.8 10943.2 1.00 0.485
3 Seismic in transverse direction 6464.88 1532.29 4159.01 84142.5 37831.8 10943.2 1.00 0.418
4 Wind condition 6188.06 2850.72 4780.28 84142.5 37453.4 10820.8 1.00 0.518
Minimum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.2.2 of IRC 112: 2011)

1) As min = 0.002 x Ac
= 0.002 x 6890973.355
= 137.819 cm² < 412.334 cm² OK

As min = 30.697 cm² < 412.334 cm² OK
Maximum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.3.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

2) As max = 0.04 x Ac
= 0.04 x 6890973.355
= 2756.389 cm² > 412.334 cm² OK
CONSULTANT:
26 SIKAR
Transverse reinforcement: (Cl. 16.2.3 of IRC: 112- 2011)
Min. dia. of transverse reinforcement = 8 mm

Spacing of transverse reinforcement:
i. 12 times min. dia. of long. Bar = 12 x 25
= 300 mm
ii. Least lateral dimension of column = 1200.0 mm
iii. = 200 mm
Provide 16 mm dia. @ 125 mm c/c OK
Confining reinforcement: (Cl. 17.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Area of longitudinal steel = 41233.40 mm²
Area of concrete section = 6890973 mm²
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio = ρL = 0.006
Clear cover to reinforcement = 40 mm
Design axial load NED = 1334.637 t
fyd = Design yield strength of reinforcement = 434.783 Mpa
fcd = 15.633 Mpa
Dia. of hoop/ties = 16 mm Asp = 201.062 mm²
Proposed spacing of hoop/spiral = S L = 125 mm
Length of hoop/spiral Dsp = 5646 mm Width of hoop/spiral Dsp = 1104 mm
Normalised axial force nk = (NED/(Ac x fck)) = 0.055 < 0.064 (Eq. 17.1 of IRC: 112-2011)
Confinement reinforcement not required.
Gross area of concrete section = Ac = 6890973.4 mm²
Gross area of confined concrete Acc = 5646.478 x 1104.000 = 6233711 mm²
Volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement = ρw = Asp/(b x SL)

(Eq. 17.3 of IRC: 112-2011) = 201.062/(1104.000 x 125.000)
= 0.0058
Min. Confining reinforcement ratio (provided) = ωwd = ρw x fyd/fcd

(Eq. 17.2 of IRC: 112-2011) = 0.006 x 434.783/15.633
= 0.1621
Confining reinforcement ratio (required): (Eq. 17.6 of IRC: 112-2011)

ωw req = 0.37 x Ac/Acc x nk + 0.13 x fyd/fcd x (ρL - 0.01)
= 0.37 x 6890973.355/6233711.487 x 0.055 + 0.13 x 434.783/15.633 x (0.006 - 0.01)
= 0.008
Min. Confining reinforcement ratio (required): (Eq. 17.5 of IRC: 112-2011)

Max. of (i) 0.12
(ii) ωw req = 0.008
ωw min = 0.120 < 0.162 OK
CONSULTANT:
27 SIKAR
Spacing of confinement reinforcement: (Cl. 17.2.1.3 of IRC: 112-2011)
The spacing of confinement in the longitudinal direction S L shall satisfy both of the following conditions:
(1) SL ≤ 5 times dia. of smallest longitudinal bar = 5 x 25 = 125 mm
≤ 1/5th of the dia. of confined concrete core = 1/5 x 1104.0 = 221 mm
Extent of confinement: (cl. 17.2.1.4 of IRC: 112-2011)

When nk ≤ 0.3 the design length Lh of potential plasic hinges shall be estimated as the larger of the
following values:
- The depth of the pier section within the plane of bending = 1200 mm
- The distance from the point of maximum design moment to the point where the design
moment is 80% of the value of the max. moment = 1543 mm
Governing value = 1543 mm
Check for slenderness: (cl. 11.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Sr. No. NED (t) Meqp Med Φef A B C n λlim λxx Slenderness check
1 1233.18 0.000 268.504 0.000 1.000 1.154 0.7 0.114 47.771 26.414 Design as short column
ω = Mechanical reinforcement ratio = As. fyd/Ac. fcd = 0.166

rm = Moment ratio = 1
Le = 9.150 m
I= 0.827 m4
r= 0.346 m
CONSULTANT:
28 SIKAR
5.0 SUMMARY OF LOADS AND MOMENTS AT BOTTOM OF PILECAP i.e. R.L. 99.800
Sr. No. Description Direct Moment in tmt Hori. Force in t
Load (t) In longi. In trans. In longi. In trans.
1 Direct load
d Pier 105.087
e Pilecap 199.665
f Buoyancy force
2 Live load
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Class A loading 124.502 94.396 0.000
0.000 45.460
0.000 26.250
0.000 46.098
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Class A loading 134.018 9.846 0.000
0.000 61.554
0.000 26.952
0.000 76.539
3 Footpath live load
a One span one side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
b Both span one side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
c One span both side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
d Both span both side loaded 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
4 Braking force
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Class A loading 3.458 104.346 0.000 10.967 0.000
(ii) Three lanes of class A loading 3.844 115.993 0.000 12.191 0.000
5 Seismic force
a In longitudinal direction 734.907 228.781 103.263 31.852
b In transverse direction 220.472 762.603 30.979 106.174
6 Longitudinal force
Normal condition With live load 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Without live load 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Seismic condition 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7 Centrifugal force
Single lane of class 70R loading 0.000 159.560 0.000 12.236
Two lanes of class A loading 0.000 170.649 0.000 13.087
IRC SV loading 0.000 3.953 0.000 0.303
CONSULTANT:
29 SIKAR
8 Wind force -36.909 111.120 444.482 9.890 39.562
9 Water current
a Normal H.F.L. condition
(i) In transverse direction
(ii) For 20° variation
b Seismic H.F.L. condition
(i) In transverse direction
(ii) For 20° variation
10 Deformation of bearing 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Cases considered (Unfactored load for checking pile capacity)
1 Normal H.F.L. condition with
water current in trans. direction
(i) Single lane of class 70R + Class A loading
One span one side footpath live load 1084.097 198.742 205.021 10.967 12.236
Both span one side footpath live load 1084.097 198.742 205.021 10.967 12.236
One span both side footpath live load 1084.097 198.742 205.021 10.967 12.236
Both span both side footpath live load 1084.097 198.742 205.021 10.967 12.236
CONSULTANT:
30 SIKAR
2 Normal H.F.L. condition with water current in 20° variation
3 Seismic in longi. direction with
CONSULTANT:
31 SIKAR
Cases considered
water current 20° variation
5 Seismic in trans. direction with
CONSULTANT:
32 SIKAR
Cases considered
7 Normal H.F.L. condition with water current in trans. direction
a Wind (upward) + No LL 919.228 111.120 444.482 9.890 39.562
water current in 20° variation
CONSULTANT:
33 SIKAR
Partial safety factor for verification of serviceability limit state: Rare combination Quasi permanent
Rare combination
Cases considered
CONSULTANT:
34 SIKAR
1 DL only 966.137 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CONSULTANT:
35 SIKAR
Partial safety factor for verification of structural strength: Basic combination Seismic combination
IRC SV loading = 1.15
Seismic effect = 1.50
Deformation of Bearing = 0.90 0.60
Wind load: Leading load 1.50
Accompanying load 0.90
Cases considered Basic combination
CONSULTANT:
36 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
37 SIKAR
4 Seismic in longi. direction with water current 20° variation
5 Seismic in trans. direction with water current in trans. direction
CONSULTANT:
38 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
39 SIKAR
5.1 Change in reaction due to moment:
In longitudinal direction:
∑r² = 3 x 2 x 1.80² = 19.440
Change in reaction = Moment x 1.80/19.440
= 0.0926 x Moment
In transverse direction:
∑r² = 2 x 2 x 3.60² = 51.840
Change in reaction = Moment x 3.60/51.840
= 0.0694 x Moment
For SLS condition:
Self wt. of pile upto fixity for normal condition = π/4 x 1.2² x 8.054 x 2.5 = 22.773 t
for seismic condition = π/4 x 1.2² x 8.054 x 2.5 = 22.773 t
For ULS condition:

Self wt. of pile upto fixity for normal condition = 22.773 x 1.350 = 30.744 t
for seismic condition = 22.773 x 1.350 = 30.744 t
Change in reaction due to moment and total reaction on pile:

Sr. Condition Moment (tmt) Change Direct load Reaction
No. Ml Mt in react. per pile incl. Pmax Pmin
0.093 Ml + self wt. of pile
0.069 Mt up to fixity
Cases considered (Unfactored load for checking pile capacity)
One span one side footpath live load 198.742 205.021 32.640 203.456 236.096 170.816
Both span one side footpath live load 198.742 205.021 32.640 203.456 236.096 170.816
One span both side footpath live load 198.742 205.021 32.640 203.456 236.096 170.816
Both span both side footpath live load 198.742 205.021 32.640 203.456 236.096 170.816
CONSULTANT:
40 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
41 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
42 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
43 SIKAR
a Wind (upward) + No LL 111.120 444.482 41.156 175.978 217.134 134.822
Rare combination
Cases considered
CONSULTANT:
44 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
45 SIKAR
1 DL only 0.000 0.000 0.000 183.796 183.796 183.796
Ultimate load condition Basic combination
Cases considered
1 Normal H.F.L. condition with water current in trans. direction
CONSULTANT:
46 SIKAR
3 Seismic in longi. direction with water current in trans. direction
CONSULTANT:
47 SIKAR
CONSULTANT:
48 SIKAR
Single lane of Class 70 R wheeled vehicle with max. live load R case which gives
max. long. moment with footpath both span one side loaded condition with water current 20° variation will
govern. Hence, same is considered.
CONSULTANT:
49 SIKAR
5.3 Determination of depth of fixity: Normal condition
Ref.: Annex 'C' of IS: 2911 Part I - Sect II
Pile diameter = 120.0 cm
Concrete mix = M: 35
Stiffness factor T = 5√EI/ηh
Where:
E = Young's modulus
= 32308.2 MN/m² (Ref.: Annexure-A2 of IRC: 112)
I = Moment of Inertia
= π/64 x 1.200^4
= 0.1018 m4
ηh = 5.0 MN/m³ for medium sand (Table-3 of Annex - C)
T = (32308.250 x 0.102/5.000)^0.2
= 3.661 m
From fig. 4 Lf/T = 2.20 for L1/T = 0.000/3.661 = 0.000
Lf = 2.200 x 3.661
= 8.054 m Or rock level whichever higher hence fixity R.L. 91.746
Mf = 8.054 x Q/2 = 4.027 x Q
The actual maximum moment:
M = m x Mf
= 0.82 x Mf (from graph 3 B)
= 0.82 x 4.027 x Q = 3.302 Q
5.3 Determination of depth of fixity: Seismic condition

Ref.: Appendix 'C' of IS: 2911 Part I - Sect II Ammendment no. 3.
Pile diameter = 120.0 cm
Concrete mix = M: 35
Stiffness factor T = 5√EI/ηh
Where:
E = Young's modulus
= 32308.2 MN/m² (Ref.: Annexure-A2 of IRC: 112)
I = Moment of Inertia
= π/64 x 1.200^4
= 0.102 m4
ηh = 5.0 MN/m³ for medium sand
T = (32308.250 x 0.102/5.000)^0.2
= 3.661 m
From fig. 4 Lf/T = 2.20 for L1/T = 0.000/3.661 = 0.000
Lf = 2.200 x 3.661
= 8.054 m Or rock level whichever higher hence fixity R.L. 91.746
Mf = 8.054 x Q/2 = 4.027 x Q
The actual maximum moment:

M = m x Mf
= 0.82 x Mf (from graph 3 B)
= 0.82 x 4.027 x Q = 3.302 Q
CONSULTANT:
50 SIKAR
5.3.1 Moment on pile: - ULS condition
In longitudinal direction:
1 Normal condition:
Horizontal force = 16.450 t
Force/pile = 16.450/6 = 2.742 t
Moment = 2.742 x 3.302 = 9.054 tmt
Total horizontal force/pile = 2.742 t
Total Moment = 9.054 tmt
2 Normal condition: SV Loading

Force/pile = 0.000/6 = 0.000 t
Moment = 0.000 x 3.302 = 0.000 tmt
3 Seismic in longitudinal direction:

Force/pile = 157.088/6 = 26.181 t
Moment = 26.181 x 3.302 = 86.458 tmt
Moment due to seismic force on pile:

Force/pile = 2.459 x 1.50 = 3.689 t
Moment = 3.689 x 3.302 = 12.183 tmt
Total horizontal force/pile = 26.181 + 3.689 = 29.871 t
Total Moment = 86.458 + 12.183 = 98.641 tmt
4 Seismic in transverse direction:

Force/pile = 48.662/6 = 8.110 t
Moment = 8.110 x 3.302 = 26.782 tmt
5 Wind condition:
Force/pile = 14.836/6 = 2.473 t
Moment = 2.473 x 3.302 = 8.165 tmt
6 DL only condition for Quasi permanent combination:

Force/pile = 0.000/6 = 0.000 t
Moment = 0.000 x 3.302 = 0.000 tmt
CONSULTANT:
51 SIKAR
Moment on pile: - ULS condition
In transverse direction:
1 Normal condition:
Force/pile = 18.354/6 = 3.059 t
Moment = 3.059 x 3.302 = 10.102 tmt
2 Normal condition: SV Loading

Force/pile = 0.455/6 = 0.076 t
Moment = 0.076 x 3.302 = 0.250 tmt
3 Seismic in longitudinal direction:

Force/pile = 50.225/6 = 8.371 t
Moment = 8.371 x 3.302 = 27.643 tmt
4 Seismic in transverse direction:

Force/pile = 161.708/6 = 26.951 t
Moment = 26.951 x 3.302 = 89.001 tmt
Moment due to seismic force on pile:
Force/pile = 2.459 x 1.50 = 3.689 t
Moment = 3.689 x 3.302 = 12.183 tmt
Total horizontal force/pile = 26.951 + 3.689 = 30.641 t
Total Moment = 89.001 + 12.183 = 101.184 tmt
5 Wind condition:
Force/pile = 59.342/6 = 9.890 t
Moment = 9.890 x 3.302 = 32.661 tmt
6 DL only condition for Quasi permanent combination:

Force/pile = 0.000/6 = 0.000 t
Moment = 0.000 x 3.302 = 0.000 tmt
CONSULTANT:
52 SIKAR
Resultant moment on pile:
Sr. No. Condition Moment (tmt) Horizontal force/pile (t)
ML MT MR HL HT HR
ULS condition
1 Normal cond. with 20° variation 9.054 10.102 13.565 2.742 3.059 4.108
2 Normal cond. with 20° variation 0.000 0.250 0.250 0.000 0.076 0.076
SV Loading
3 Seismic in longi. direction 98.641 27.643 102.441 29.871 8.371 31.021
with water current 20° variation
4 Seismic in trans. direction 26.782 101.184 104.668 8.110 30.641 31.696
5 Wind condition 8.165 32.661 33.666 2.473 9.890 10.195
6 Quasi permanent condition 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5.4 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS:

Concrete mix : - M: 35
Grade of reinforcement Fe 500
d = 120.0 cm
d' = 11.10 cm
d'/d = 0.093
Reinforcement details: No. = 24 Dia. = 20 mm
Sr. No. Condition Direct Moment NED/NRD MurR αn Ratio
Load (KN) KN.m
1 Normal condition 3301.573 135.652 0.158 2601.766 1.049 0.045
2322.384 0.111 2346.802 1.010 0.056
2 Normal condition 2961.695 2.503 0.142 2517.965 1.035 0.001
SV Loading 2611.495 0.125 2426.169 1.021 0.001
3 Seismic in longi. direction 3859.030 1024.410 0.185 2722.457 1.071 0.351
1210.436 0.058 2004.756 1.000 0.511
4 Seismic in trans. direction 3700.602 1046.682 0.178 2689.578 1.065 0.366
1368.864 0.066 2057.689 1.000 0.509
5 Wind condition 3017.142 336.661 0.145 2532.050 1.037 0.123
1782.471 0.086 2189.363 1.000 0.154
Provide 20 dia - 24 Nos. Ast = 75.398 cm²
Minimum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.2.2 of IRC 112: 2011 & cl. 709.4.4 of IRC: 78-2014)
1) As min = 0.004 x Ac
= 0.004 x 11309.734
= 45.239 cm² < 75.398 cm² OK

As min = 8.879 cm² < 75.398 cm² O.K.
CONSULTANT:
53 SIKAR
Maximum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.3.1 of IRC: 112-2011 & cl. 709.4.4 of IRC: 78-2014)
2) As max = 0.025 x Ac
= 0.025 x 11309.734
= 282.743 cm² > 75.398 cm² OK
Transverse reinforcement: (Cl. 16.2.3 of IRC: 112- 2011)

Min. dia. of transverse reinforcement = 8 mm or 6 mm
Spacing of transverse reinforcement:
i. 12 times min. dia. of long. Bar = 12 x 20
= 240 mm
ii. Least lateral dimension of column = 1200 mm
iii. = 200 mm
Provide 16 mm dia. @ 100 mm c/c OK
Confining reinforcement: (Cl. 17.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Area of longitudinal steel = 7539.822 mm²
Area of concrete section = 1130973 mm²
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio = ρL = 0.007
Clear cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Design axial load NED = 386.061 t
fyd = Design yield strength of reinforcement = 434.783 Mpa
fcd = 15.633 Mpa
Dia. of hoop/ties = 16 mm Asp = 201.062 mm²
Proposed spacing of hoop/spiral = S L = 100 mm
Dia. of hoop/spiral Dsp = 1034 mm
Normalised axial force nk = (NED/(Ac x fck)) = 0.098 > 0.064
(Eq. 17.1 of IRC: 112-2011) Confinement reinforcement required.
Gross area of concrete section = Ac = 1130973.4 mm²
Gross area of confined concrete Acc = π/4 x (1200.0 - 2 x 75 - 2 x 16)² = 813927 mm²
Volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement = ρw = 4. Asp/(Dsp. SL)

(Eq. 17.4 of IRC: 112-2011) = 4 x 201.062/(1034.000 x 100.000)
= 0.0078
Min. Confining reinforcement ratio (provided) = ωwd = ρw x fyd/fcd

(Eq. 17.2 of IRC: 112-2011) = 0.008 x 434.783/15.633
= 0.2163
Confining reinforcement ratio (required): (Eq. 17.6 of IRC: 112-2011)

ωw req = 0.37 x Ac/Acc x nk + 0.13 x fyd/fcd x (ρL - 0.01)
= 0.37 x 1130973.355/813926.966 x 0.098 + 0.13 x 434.783/15.633 x (0.007 - 0.01)
= 0.038
Min. Confining reinforcement ratio (required): (Eq. 17.7 of IRC: 112-2011)

Max. of (i) 0.18
(ii) 1.4 ωw req = 1.4 x 0.038 = 0.053
ωw min = 0.180 < 0.216 OK
CONSULTANT:
54 SIKAR
Spacing of confinement reinforcement: (Cl. 17.2.1.3 of IRC: 112-2011)
The spacing of confinement in the longitudinal direction S L shall satisfy both of the following conditions:
(1) SL ≤ 5 times dia. of smallest longitudinal bar = 5 x 20 = 100 mm
≤ 1/5th of the diameter of confined concrete core = 1/5 x 1034.000 = 206.8 mm
Extent of confinement: (cl. 17.2.1.4 of IRC: 112-2011)

When nk ≤ 0.3 the design length Lh of potential plasic hinges shall be estimated as the larger of the
following values:
- The depth of the pile section within the plane of bending = 1200 mm
- The distance from the point of maximum design moment to the point where the design
moment is 80% of the value of the max. moment = 1611 mm
Governing value = 1610.9 mm
Check for slenderness: (cl. 11.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Sr. No. NED (t) Meqp Med Φef A B C n λlim λxx Slenderness
check
1 330.157 0.00 13.565 0.000 1.000 1.171 1.7 0.187 92.121 40.272 OK
2 296.170 0.00 0.250 0.000 1.000 1.171 1.7 0.168 97.264 40.272 OK
3 385.903 0.00 102.441 0.000 1.000 1.171 1.7 0.218 85.208 40.272 OK
4 370.060 0.00 104.668 0.000 1.000 1.171 1.7 0.209 87.013 40.272 OK
5 301.714 0.00 33.666 0.000 1.000 1.171 1.7 0.171 96.366 40.272 OK
ω = Mechanical reinforcement ratio = As. fyd/Ac. fcd = 0.185

rm = Moment ratio = 0
Le = 12.082 m
I= 0.102 m4
r= 0.300 m
CONSULTANT:
55 SIKAR
Check for deflection:
SLS condition:
Max. Horizontal force per pile in normal condition:
Longitudinal direction = 12.191/6.000 = 2.032 t
Transverse direction = 13.087/6.000 = 2.181 t
H = Resultant lateral force per pile = 2.981 t = 29.230 KN

Ref.: cl. Annex - C-4.2 of IS: 2911- (Part 1/sec 2): 2010
The pile head deflection for fixed head pile,
Deflection, y = H (e + Zf)³/12 EI x 10³
e = L1 = 0.000 m
Zf = 8.054 m
E= 32308249.7 KN/m²
I= 0.102 m4
Deflection, y = 0.387 mm
Deflection at distance x from free end = H x (e + Zf - x)² x (L + 2 x)/12 EI x 10³

Deflection at scour level ( x = 0.000 m) = 0.387 mm < 12 mm
O.K
(Ref.: cl. 709 of IRC: 78 - 2014)
CONSULTANT:
56 SIKAR
6.0 CHECKING CAPACITY OF PILE:
6.1 (i) Reaction on pile:
(a) For normal condition = 236.886 t
(b) For seismic condition = 277.015 t
(c) For wind condition = 217.134 t
(ii) Self load of pile: From fixity level to founding level
Normal and wind condition:
Depth = 14.946 m
Pile dia. = 1200 mm
Load = π/4 x 1.2² x 14.946 x 2.5 = 42.258 t
Total load: (a) For normal condition = 236.886 + 42.258 = 279.144 t
Seismic condition:
Depth = 14.946 m
Pile dia. = 1200 mm
Load = π/4 x 1.2² x 14.946 x 2.5 = 42.258 t
(b) For seismic condition = 277.015 + 42.258 = 319.273 t < 1.25 x 279.144 t
Max. reaction on pile = 279.144 t say 280.00 t
Hence, normal condition will govern.
6.2 Checking of capacity of Piles in soil for pier:

As per soil investigation report capacity of pile = 626.92 t > 280.00 t. Hence, safe.
CONSULTANT:
57 SIKAR
7.0 DESIGN OF PILECAP:
INTENSITY OF LOADING:
Load from pier will be dispersed @ 45° up to center of pile cap and reaction from pile
will also disperesed @ 45° as shown in sketch.
Equivalent length of pier:
L= 5.742 m
Dispersed length of pier = (5.742 + 1.800) or 8.700m whichever is lesser 7.542 m
Dispersed width of pier = (1.200 + 1.800) or 5.100m whichever is lesser 3.000 m
Area = 3.000 x 7.542 = 22.627 m²
Moment in pilecap in longitudinal direction:

Eccentricity of pile from face of pier in longitudinal direction = 1.200 m
Distance between pier face and pilecap face in longi. direction = 1.950 m
Load from outer piles will be dispersed in width = 0.150 + 1.2 + 0.900 = 2.250 m
Load from inner piles will be dispersed in width = 0.900 + 1.2 + 0.900 = 3.000 m
ULS condition:
Sr. Condition Max. Moment Moment Direct load Moment Net
No. reaction on due to due to without due to Design
pile pile self wt. self wt. of dispersion moment
Pmax Pmax * e of pilecap pilecap from pier
CONSULTANT:
58 SIKAR
No. reaction due to due to without due to Design
on pile pile self wt. self wt. of dispersion moment
339.316 1221.539 100.486 1066.830 144.022 977.031
4 Wind condition
with water current 20° variation 270.971 975.494 100.486 985.874 133.093 741.915
1 DL only 161.023 579.682 74.434 766.472 103.474 401.775
Serviceablity limit state condition: Rare combination.
CONSULTANT:
59 SIKAR
Net moment ULS = 1034.442 tm
Net moment SLS Quasi = 401.775 tm
Net moment SLS rare = 580.661 tm
Shear force at distance d from face of pier:

Longitudinal direction:
Shear force due to self wt. of pilecap = 8.700 x 1.800 x (1.950 - 1.703) x 2.5 x 1.350 = 13.081 t
Shear force due to pile reaction = 3 x 355.317/2.250 x (1.950 - 1.703) = 117.255 t
Net shear force = 104.174 t = 11.974 t/m width
Moment in pilecap in transverse direction:

Eccentricity of pile from face of pier in transverse direction = 0.729 m
Distance between pier face and pilecap face in transverse direction 1.479 m
ULS condition:
2 Seismic in longi. direction with water current 20° variation
CONSULTANT:
60 SIKAR
3 Seismic in trans. direction with water current 20° variation
4 Wind condition
with water current 20° variation 270.971 394.946 33.875 985.874 52.937 308.133
1 DL only 161.023 234.694 25.093 766.472 41.156 168.445
Serviceablity limit state condition: Rare combination.
Net moment ULS = 426.65 tm

Net moment SLS Quasi = 168.45 tm
Net moment SLS rare = 241.00 tm
Shear force at distance d face of pier:

Transverse direction:
Shear force due to self wt. of pilecap =5.100 x 1.800 x (1.479 - 1.678) x 2.5 x 1.350 = 0.000 t
Shear force due to pile reaction = 2 x 355.317/2.250 x (1.479 - 1.678) = 0.000 t
Net shear force = 0.000 t = 0.000 t/m width
CONSULTANT:
61 SIKAR
Net shear force:
Longitudinal direction: (Ref.: cl. 10.3.2 (5) of IRC: 112 - 2011)
Shear reduction factor (β): αv/2d = 0.352
d= 1.703 m 2d = 3.405 m
αv = Dist. of pile from pier face = 1.200 m> 0.851 m (0.5d)
Reduction in shear = 0.352 x 11.974 = 4.220 t/m width
transverse direction: (Ref.: cl. 10.3.2 (5) of IRC: 112 - 2011)

Shear reduction factor (β): αv/2d = 0.217
d= 1.678 m 2d = 3.355 m
αv = Dist. of pile from pier face = 0.729 m< 0.839 m (0.5d)
Reduction in shear = 0.217 x 0.000 = 0.000 t/m width
7.1 ULS flexural:

Grade of concrete = M : 35
Depth check for longitudinal direction:
Mu = 1034.442 tm b= 8700 mm
0.5
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)
R= 0.165 x fck
= 5.778
dreq. = 453.637 mm < 1702.5 mm OK
Limiting moment of resistance:

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d²
= 0.165 x 35.0 x 8700.00 x 1702.50 x 1702.50
= 145701611099.897 Nmm
= 14570.161 tm > 1034.442 tm Ok
Reinforcement in longitudinal direction:

Ast req = 0.5 fck b d [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/(fck.b.d²))0.5]
fyk
= 0.5 x (35 x 8700 x 1703/500) x (1 - √(1 - 4.6 x 1034.442 x 100000000/(35 x 8700 x 1703²)))
= 14168.456 mm²
Minimum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.5.1.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Maximum of
(1) Asmin = 0.26 fctm b d
fyk
fctm = mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete = 2.77 Mpa (Table 6.5 of IRC: 112)
Asmin = 0.26 x 2.77 x 8700.0 x 1702.50/500
= 21344.61 mm²
(2) Asmin = 0.0013 b d = 19255.28 mm²
CONSULTANT:
62 SIKAR
Minimum reinforcement in longitudinal direction = 21344.6 mm²
= 2453.40 mm²/m width
+ 121.27 mm²/m width due to shear
Total = 2574.67 mm²/m width
Provide 25 mm dia. bar @ spacing of 150 mm c/c.
0 mm dia. bar @ spacing of 150 mm c/c.
Ast = 3272.492 mm² OK
Ast provided = 28470.68 mm² OK
Depth check for transverse direction:

Mu = 426.647 tm b= 5100 mm
0.5
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)
R= 0.165 x fck
= 5.778
dreq. = 380.508 mm < 1677.5 mm OK
Limiting moment of resistance:

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d²
= 0.165 x 35.0 x 5100.00 x 1677.50 x 1677.50
= 82921298449.349 Nmm
= 8292.130 tm > 426.647 tm Ok
Reinforcement in transverse direction:

Ast req = 0.5 fck b d [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/(fck.b.d²))0.5]
fyk
= 0.5 x (35 x 5100 x 1678/500) x (1 - √1 - (4.6 x 426.647 x 100000000)/(35 x 5100 x 1678²))
= 5907.98 mm²
Minimum reinforcement: (Cl. 16.5.1.1 of IRC: 112-2011)

Maximum of
(1) Asmin = 0.26 fctm b d
fyk
fctm = mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete = 2.77 Mpa (Table 6.5 of IRC: 112)
Asmin = 0.26 x 2.77 x 5100.0 x 1677.50/500
= 12328.6 mm²
(2) Asmin = 0.0013 b d = 11121.8 mm²
Minimum reinforcement in transverse direction = 12328.6 mm²

= 2417.38 mm²/m width
+ 0.00 mm²/m width due to shear
Total = 2417.38 mm²/m width
Provide 25 mm dia. bar @ spacing of 150 mm c/c.

0 mm dia. bar @ spacing of 150 mm c/c.
Ast provided = 3272.49 mm² OK
CONSULTANT:
63 SIKAR
7.2 ULS - FLEXURAL SHEAR:
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR ALONG LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
Overall depth at distance d from face = 1.800 m

Effective depth at distance d from face = 1.703 m
Avg. width at distance d from face = 1.000 m
ρ1 = Asl/(bw. d) ≤ 0.02 Asl = 3272.49 mm²/m width

bw = 1000 mm
d= 1702.5 mm
ρ1 = 0.00192
K = 1 + (200/d)0.5 ≤ 2 (Eq. 10.2 cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
= 1.343
fck = 35 Mpa fcd = 15.633 N/mm²
NED = 0 N
σcp = Min. (NED/Ac, 0.2 fcd) = 0.000 N/mm²
3/2 1/2
vmin = 0.031 K fck
= 0.285 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6 x [1 - fck/310]

v= 0.532
(Ref.: Eq. 10.6 of cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:

VED ≤ 0.5 bw d v fcd (Ref.: Eq. 10.5 of cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x 1000 x 1702.50 x 0.532 x 15.633
= 7083223.8 N
= 708.322 t > 11.974 t
Design shear resistance: [Ref.: Cl. 10.3.2 (2) Eq. 10.1, IRC: 112-2011]
VRdc = [0.12 K (80 ρ1 fck)0.33 + 0.15σcp] bw d subjected to minimum
VRdcmim = [vmin + 0.15 σcp] bw d
0.33
VRdc = [0.12 x 1.343 x (80 x 0.0019 x 35 + 0.15 x 0.000] x 1000 x 1702.5
= 478052.222 N
VRdcmim = (0.285 + 0.15 x 0.000) x 1000 x 1702.5

= 485817.63 N `
VRdc = 48.582 t > 4.220 t Shear reinforcement not required.
CONSULTANT:
64 SIKAR
Design of shear reinforcement:
(Ref.: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC: 112-2011)
αcw = 1 z= 1532.25 mm
fyk = 500 Mpa fywd = 435 Mpa
Assume inclination of shear reinforcement = α = 90

VRdmax corresponding to strut angle of 45 °
VRdmax = αcw bw z v1 fcd/(cot θ + tanθ) (Ref.: Eq. 10.8 of IRC: 112-2011)
= 1 x 1000 x 1532.250 x 0.532 x 15.633/(cot 45 + tan45)
= 6374901.4 N
= 637.490 t > 4.220 t OK
VRdmax corresponding to strut angle of 21.8 °

VRdmax = αcw bw z v1 fcd/(cot θ + tanθ)
= 1 x 1000 x 1532.250 x 0.532 x 15.633/(cot 21.8 + tan21.8)
= 4396256.6 N
= 439.626 t > 4.220 t OK
consider θ = 21.8 °
Asw = VED (Ref.: Eq. 10.7 of IRC: 112-2011)
s Z fywd cotθ
= 42199.08745
1532.250 x 435 x cot 21.8
= 0.025 mm²/mm
Use 4 legged 10 dia. bars @ 300 c/c
Asw(pro) = 314.159 mm² > 7.597 mm²
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio: (Ref.: Eq. 16.4 and 16.5 of IRC: 112-2011)
ρw = Asw/(s. bw. Sinα)
= 0.0010472
ρwmin = 0.072 √fck/fyk
= 0.00085 < 0.00105 OK
∆ Ftd = 0.5 VED (cot θ - cot α)

= 0.5 x 42199.087 x (cot 36 - cot 90)
= 52752.6227 N
= 52.753 KN
Additional reinforcement required = 52752.623/435

= 121.270 mm²/m width
CONSULTANT:
65 SIKAR
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR ALONG TRANSVERSE DIRECTION:
Overall depth at distance d from face = 1.800 m

Effective depth at distance d from face = 1.678 m
Avg. width at distance d from face = 1.000 m
ρ1 = Asl/(bw. d) ≤ 0.02 Asl = 3272.492 mm²/m width

bw = 1000 mm
d= 1677.5 mm
ρ1 = 0.00195
K = 1 + (200/d)0.5 ≤ 2 (Eq. 10.2 cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
= 1.345
fck = 35 Mpa fcd = 15.633 N/mm²
NED = 0 N
σcp = Min. (NED/Ac, 0.2 fcd) = 0.000 N/mm²
vmin = 0.031 K3/2 fck1/2
= 0.286 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v =0.6 x [1 - fck/310]

v= 0.532
(Ref.: Eq. 10.6 of cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:

VED ≤ 0.5 bw d v fcd (Ref.: Eq. 10.5 of cl. 10.3.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x 1000 x 1677.50 x 0.532 x 15.633
= 6979211.7 N
= 697.921 t > 0.000 t
Design shear resistance: [Ref.: Cl. 10.3.2 (2) Eq. 10.1, IRC: 112-2011]
0.33
VRdc = [0.12 K (80 ρ1 fck) + 0.15σcp] bw d subjected to minimum
VRdcmim = [vmin + 0.15 σcp] bw d
0.33
VRdc = [0.12 x 1.345 x (80 x 0.0020 x 35 + 0.15 x 0.000] x 1000 x 1677.5
= 474234.437 N
VRdcmim = (0.286 + 0.15 x 0.000) x 1000 x 1677.5

= 480045.069 N
VRdc = 48.005 t > 0.000 t Shear reinforcement not required.
CONSULTANT:
66 SIKAR
7.3 SLS CHECKS FOR PILECAP:
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH (LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION): (Ref.: Cl. 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011)
Grade of concrete = M 35
Clear cover (c) = 75 mm
Depth of section (h) = 1800 mm
Effective depth d = 1702.5 mm
Width of section b = 1000 mm
Es = 200000 Mpa
Ecm = 32308.2 Mpa
Dia. of bar φ1 = 25 mm
n1 = 58
φ2 = 0
n2 = 58
Bar spacing = 150 mm
Ast = 3272.49 mm²/m width
Net moment SLS Quasi = 401.775 tm = 46.181 tm/m width
Net moment SLS rare = 580.661 tm = 66.743 tm/m width
Allowable crack width wmax = 0.3 mm
Crack width wk = Srmax (εsm - εcm) (Eq. 12.5 of IRC: 112-2011)
Calculation of Sr.max: (max. crack spacing)

Depth of neutral axis:
-As ES + √((As Es)² + 2 b As Es Eceff d)
x=
b Eceff
- 3272.49 x 200000 + √((3272.49 x 200000)² + 2 x 1000 x 3272.49 x 200000 x 32308.25 x 1702.5)
=
1000 x 32308.250
= 243.159 mm
Spacing ≤ 5 (c + φ/2) Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 φ (Ref.: Eq. 12.8 of IRC: 112-2011)
ρp,eff
else Sr.max = 1.3 (h - x) (Ref.: Eq. 12.12 of IRC: 112-2011)
n1 φ1² + n2 φ2² (Ref.: Eq. 12.9 of IRC: 112-2011)
φ=
n1 φ1 + n2 φ2
58 x 25² + 58 x 0²
=
58 x 25 + 58 x 0
= 25 mm
5 (c + φ/2) = 437.5 mm > Bar spacing = 150 mm
Hence Eq. 12.8 is valid
k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars
k2 = 0.5 for bending
CONSULTANT:
67 SIKAR
hc,eff = lesser of a. 2.5 x (h - d) = 2.5 x (1800.000 - 1702.50) = 243.750 mm
b. (h - x)/3 = (1800.000 - 243.16)/3 = 518.947 mm
c. h/2 = 900 mm
hc,eff = 243.750 mm
Ac,eff = 1000 x 243.750

= 243750.0 mm²
ρp,eff = As/Ac.eff = 3272.49/243750.00 (Ref.: Eq. 12.7 of IRC: 112-2011)

= 0.0134
Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 φ (Ref.: Eq. 12.8 of IRC: 112-2011)

ρp,eff
= 3.4 x 75 + 0.425 x 0.80 x 0.50 x 25.00/0.013
= 571.559 mm
Calculation of εsm & εcm

Cracked Moment of inertia:
I = 1/3 Ec,eff/Es b dc³ + As (d - dc)²
= 1/3 x 32308.25/200000 x 1000 x 243.159³ + 3272.49 x (1702.50 - 243.159)²
= 7.7E+09 mm4
Zc = 7743513371.488/243.159 = 3.2E+07 mm3
Zs = 7743513371.488/(1703 - 243.159) = 5306173 mm3
For SLS quasi permanent combination:
The concrete stress at top of section:
σc = MED Ec,eff
Zc Es
= 461810002.650 x 32308.250/(31845429.463 x 200000)
= 2.343 Mpa < 0.36 fck = 12.6 Mpa (Ref.: Cl. 12.2.1 of IRC: 112-2011)
Tensile stress in steel:

σs = MED
Zs
= 461810002.650/5306172.537
= 87.033 Mpa < 0.8 fyk = 400 Mpa (Ref.: Cl. 12.2.2 of IRC: 112-2011)
0.6 x σs/Es = 0.6 x 87.033/200000 = 0.00026
(εsm - εcm) = σsc - kt fct,eff/ρp,eff (1 + αe ρp,eff) ≥ 0.6 x σs/Es

Es (Ref.: Eq. 12.6 of IRC: 112-2011)
fct,eff = maximum of 2.9 and fctm fctm = 0.259 (fck)2/3 (Ref.: cl. 12.3.3 of IRC: 112)
= 2.900 Mpa = 2.771 Mpa
Modular ratio = αe = 6.190
CONSULTANT:
68 SIKAR
(εsm - εcm) = 87.033 - 0.5 x 2.900/0.013 x (1 + 6.190 x 0.013)
200000
= -0.00015 < 0.00026
= 0.00026
= 571.559 x 0.00026
= 0.149 mm < 0.3 mm OK
For SLS rare combination:

σc = MED Ec,eff
Zc Es
= 667426340.498 x 32308.250/(31845429.463 x 200000)

σs = MED
Zs
= 667426340.498/5306172.537
CONSULTANT:
69 SIKAR
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH (TRANSVERSE DIRECTION): (Ref.: Cl. 12.3.4 of IRC: 112-2011)
Grade of concrete = M 35
Clear cover (c) = 75 mm
Depth of section (h) = 1800 mm
Effective depth d = 1677.5 mm
Width of section b = 1000 mm
Es = 200000 Mpa
Ecm = 32308.2 Mpa
Dia. of bar φ1 = 25 mm
n1 = 34
φ2 = 0
n2 = 34
Bar spacing = 150 mm
Ast = 3272.49 mm²/m width
Net moment SLS Quasi = 168.445 tm = 33.028 tm/m width
Net moment SLS rare = 241.00 tm = 47.255 tm/m width
Allowable crack width wmax = 0.3 mm
Calculation of Sr.max: (max. crack spacing)

Depth of neutral axis:
-As ES + √((As Es)² + 2 b As Es Eceff d)
x=
b Eceff
- 3272.49 x 200000 + √((3272.49 x 200000)² + 2 x 1000 x 3272.49 x 200000 x 32308.25 x 1677.5)
=
1000 x 32308.250
= 241.230 mm
Spacing ≤ 5 (c + φ/2) Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 φ (Ref.: Eq. 12.8 of IRC: 112-2011)
ρp,eff
else Sr.max = 1.3 (h - x) (Ref.: Eq. 12.12 of IRC: 112-2011)
n1 φ1² + n2 φ2² (Ref.: Eq. 12.9 of IRC: 112-2011)
φ=
n1 φ1 + n2 φ2
34 x 25² + 34 x 0²
=
34 x 25 + 34 x 0
= 25 mm
5 (c + φ/2) = 437.5 mm > Bar spacing = 150 mm
Hence Eq. 12.8 is valid
k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars
k2 = 0.5 for bending
CONSULTANT:
70 SIKAR
hc,eff = lesser of a. 2.5 x (h - d) = 2.5 x (1800.000 - 1677.50) = 306.250 mm
b. (h - x)/3 = (1800.000 - 241.23)/3 = 519.590 mm
c. h/2 = 900 mm
hc,eff = 306.250 mm
Ac,eff = 1000 x 306.250

= 306250.0 mm²
ρp,eff = As/Ac.eff = 3272.49/306250.00 (Ref.: Eq. 12.7 of IRC: 112-2011)

= 0.0107
Sr.max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 φ (Ref.: Eq. 12.8 of IRC: 112-2011)

ρp,eff
= 3.4 x 75 + 0.425 x 0.80 x 0.50 x 25.00/0.011
= 652.728 mm
Calculation of εsm & εcm

Cracked Moment of inertia:
I = 1/3 Ec,eff/Es b dc³ + As (d - dc)²
= 1/3 x 32308.25/200000 x 1000 x 241.230³ + 3272.49 x (1677.50 - 241.230)²
= 7.5E+09 mm4
Zc = 7506616942.997/241.230 = 3.1E+07 mm3
Zs = 7506616942.997/(1678 - 241.230) = 5226465 mm3
For SLS quasi permanent combination:
σc = MED Ec,eff
Zc Es
= 330284808.728 x 32308.250/(31118134.818 x 200000)

σs = MED
Zs
= 330284808.728/5226465.179
0.6 x σs/Es = 0.6 x 63.195/200000 = 0.00019
(εsm - εcm) = σsc - kt fct,eff/ρp,eff (1 + αe ρp,eff) ≥ 0.6 x σs/Es

Es (Ref.: Eq. 12.6 of IRC: 112-2011)
fct,eff = maximum of 2.9 and fctm fctm = 0.259 (fck)2/3 (Ref.: cl. 12.3.3 of IRC: 112)
= 2.900 Mpa = 2.771 Mpa
Modular ratio = αe = 6.190
CONSULTANT:
71 SIKAR
(εsm - εcm) = 63.195 - 0.5 x 2.900/0.011 x (1 + 6.190 x 0.011)
200000
= -0.00041 > 0.00019
= 0.00019
= 652.728 x 0.00019
= 0.124 mm < 0.3 mm OK
For SLS rare combination:

σc = MED Ec,eff
Zc Es
= 472549564.902 x 32308.250/(31118134.818 x 200000)

σs = MED
Zs
= 472549564.902/5226465.179
CONSULTANT:
72 SIKAR
APPENDIX - A
1.0 DIRECT LOAD:
1.1.1 SUPER IMPOSED DEAD LOAD: Load/Rmt.: -
(i) Crash Barrier: -
Load = 2 x 1.10 x 0.375 x 2.50 = 2.063 t/m
(ii) Wearing course: -
Load = 10.000 x 0.075 x 2.5 = 1.875 t/m
(iii) Kerb: -
Load = 0.500 x 0.300 x 2.5 x 2 x 0 = 0.000 t/m
(iv) Service load: -
Load = = 0.200 t/m
Total = 2.263 t/m
Load for 24.000 m composite span without surfacing = 2.263 x 24.000 = 54.300 t
Surface load (wearing coat) = 1.875 x 24.000 = 45.000 t
1.1.2 SUPER - STRUCTURE: -

PSC Super-structure: - For 24.000 m span
(i) Running section:
(i) 120.0 x 15.0 = 1800.00 cm²
(ii) 45.0 x 10.0 = 450.00 cm² 1200.0
(iii) 155.0 x 30.0 = 4650.00 cm²
(iv) 35.0 x 15.0 = 525.00 cm² 150.0
(v) 100.0 x 30.0 = 3000.00 cm² 100.0
10425.00 cm²
Volume = 3 x 1.0425 x 23.26 = 72.746 m³ 2000.0 300.0 1300.0
1.000 m 0.300 m
150.0
300.0
1000.0
0.450 1.50 1.50
(ii) Widening at ends: -
Area = (1.000 x 1.850 + 2 x 0.100 x 0.022/2 + 1.200 x 0.150) - 1.043
= 0.990 m²
Volume/span = 0.990 x (1.500/2 + 1.950 + 1.950 + 1.500/2) x 3 = 16.034 m³
CONSULTANT:
73 SIKAR
CROSS GIRDER: -
Thickness of inner Cross Girder = 300 mm
Vol. of cross - girder/No.: -
= 2 x [(3.000 - 0.300) x (2.000 - 0.300)] x 0.300
= 2.754 m³
Thickness of end diaphram= 400 mm

= 2 x [(3.000 - 0.300) x (2.000 - 0.300)] x 0.400
= 3.672 m³
Total volume = 2.754 + 3.672 x 2 = 10.098 m³
DECK SLAB: -
Total area of deck slab = 10.900 x 0.250
= 2.725 m²
Volume/span = 2.725 x 24.000 = 65.400 m³
Total volume = 65.400 + 72.746 + 16.034 + 10.098 = 164.277 m³

Total load of P.S.C span = 54.300 + 164.277 x 2.5
(DL + SIDL without surfacing = 464.993 t say 520.00 t
Reaction on pier = 260.000 t
Total load of surfacing (wearing coat) = 45.000 t say 50.000 t

Reaction of pier = 25.000 t
CONSULTANT:
74 SIKAR
2.0 DIRECT LOAD:
2.1.1 SUPER IMPOSED DEAD LOADLoad/Rmt.: -
(i) Crash Barrier: -
Load = 2 x 1.10 x 0.375 x 2.50 = 2.063 t/m
(ii) Wearing course: -
Load = 10.000 x 0.075 x 2.5 = 1.875 t/m
(iii) Kerb: -
Load = 0.500 x 0.300 x 2.5 x 2 x 0 = 0.000 t/m
(iv) Service load: -
Load = = 0.200 t/m
Total = 2.263 t/m
Load for 24.000 m composite span without surfacing 2.263 x 24.000 = 54.300 t
Surface load (wearing coat) = 1.875 x 24.000 = 45.000 t
2.1.2 SUPER - STRUCTURE: -

PSC Super-structure: - For 24.000 m span
(i) Running section:
(i) 120.0 x 15.0 = 1800.00 cm²
(ii) 45.0 x 10.0 = 450.00 cm² 1200.0
(iii) 155.0 x 30.0 = 4650.00 cm²
(iv) 35.0 x 15.0 = 525.00 cm² 150.0
(v) 100.0 x 30.0 = 3000.00 cm² 100.0
10425.00 cm²
Volume = 3 x 1.0425 x 23.26 = 72.746 m³ 2000.0 300.0 1300.0
1.000 m 0.300 m
150.0
300.0
1000.0
0.450 1.50 1.50
(ii) Widening at ends: -
Area = (1.000 x 1.850 + 2 x 0.100 x 0.022/2 + 1.200 x 0.150) - 1.043
= 0.990 m²
Volume/span = 0.990 x (1.500/2 + 1.950 + 1.950 + 1.500/2) x 3 = 16.034 m³
CONSULTANT:
75 SIKAR
CROSS GIRDER: -
Thickness of inner Cross Girder = 300 mm
= 2 x [(3.000 - 0.300) x (2.000 - 0.300)] x 0.300
= 2.754 m³
Thickness of end diaphram= 400 mm

= 2 x [(3.000 - 0.300) x (2.000 - 0.300)] x 0.400
= 3.672 m³
Total volume = 2.754 + 3.672 x 2 = 10.098 m³
DECK SLAB: -
Total area of deck slab = 10.900 x 0.250
= 2.725 m²
Volume/span = 2.725 x 24.000 = 65.400 m³
Total volume = 65.400 + 72.746 + 16.034 + 10.098 = 164.277 m³

Total load of P.S.C span = 54.300 + 164.277 x 2.5
(DL + SIDL without surfacing = 464.993 t say 520.00 t
Reaction on pier = 260.000 t
Total load of surfacing (wearing coat) = 45.000 t say 50.000 t

Reaction of pier = 25.000 t
CONSULTANT:
76 SIKAR

Pile, Pilecap & Pier For Pier P1 To P8, P9 To P14

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PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF 2 LANE ROAD OVER BRIDGE IN

LIEU OF LC NO.- 01 AT KM 01/3-4 BETWEEN

SUBJECT: DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION, PILECAP & PIER FOR

CLIENT: NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY

CONSULTANT: M/s. DHABAI CONSTRUCTION,

1.0 DESIGN DATA, ASSUMPTIONS AND REFERENCES:

1.2.3 Seismic force:

1.4 Permissible Stresses: -

Surfacing load (wearing coat):

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 9.780

18.056 1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 14.904

(ii) Two lane of Class A loading: -

2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

18.880 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.680

2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

17.680 1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.880

(b) Three lanes of Class A loading:

0.450 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 0.400

Case 1: Max. reaction case gives max. longitudinal moment

2.2.2 FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD:-

(ii) Both span one side loaded:

(iii) One span both side loaded:

(iv) both span both side loaded:

(ii) Case 2: For three lanes of class A wheeled vehicle

3.2 SEISMIC FORCES: (Ref.: cl. 219 of IRC: 6)

For seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction: For pier design

For seismic coefficient in transverse direction: For pier design

One span dislodged condition:

Transverse wind force (F T) = (940.600 x 93.120 x 2.000 x 2.189)

Longitudinal wind force = 25% of transverse wind force = 9.588 t

Vertical wind force (FT) = Pz x A3 x G x CL (IRC: 6 -2017, cl. 209.3.5)

Wind force on live load: (Ref.: cl. 209.3.7 of IRC: 6-2017)

Longitudinal wind force = 25% of transverse wind force = 0.060 t

Bottom trapezoidal portion

Longitudinal wind force = 25% of transverse wind force = 0.084 t

Longitudinal wind force = 25% of transverse wind force = 0.158 t

Summary of wind force without live load:

Moment at base of pier:

Moment at bottom of pilecap:

One span dislodged condition:

Moment at base of pier:

Free bearing = μ(Rg + Rq)

Net horizontal force = (0.000 - 0.000) = 0.000 t

Moment @ bottom of pilecap = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800)

Moment @ base of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600)

Normal condition: Without live load

Free bearing = μ(Rg + Rq)

Net horizontal force = (0.000 - 0.000) = 0.000 t

Moment @ bottom of pilecap = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800)

Moment @ base of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) - 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600)

Horizontal force for design = 0.000 t

Moment @ bottom of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) = 0.000 tm

For foundation design:

Horizontal force for design = 0.000 t

Moment @ bottom of foundation = 0.000 x (109.315 - 99.800) = 0.000 tm

One span dislodged condition:

Net horizontal force = 0.000 t

Moment @ base of pier = 0.000 x (109.315 - 101.600) = 0.000 tm