DYSPNEA

siti aisah nasution~2208260037

 DYSPNEA
trauma non trauma

pneumothorax asthma
hematothorax copd
flail chest pleural affusion
 DEFENITION

ASTMA COPD

Asthma is a lung Chronic obstructive

problem that makes it pulmonary disease
difficult to breathe due (COPD) is a common lung
to inflammation and disease causing restricted
narrowing of the airflow and breathing
respiratory tract. problems. It is sometimes
called emphysema or
chronic bronchitis.
 ETIOLOGY

ASTHMA COPD
old age
gene (ADAM 33) history of airway infection
nasal polyposis genetic (hereditary alpha-
obesity 1 antytrypsin deficiency)
esophageal reflux exposure to harmful
infection gases
allergen exposure
 RISK FACTOR
ASTMA COPD

Cigarette smoke History of smoking

Air pollution Air pollution
Pets History of
Food respiratory tract
Changes in the disease
weather Infections (viruses
Family history of and bacteria)
illness
 ANAMNESIS

ASTHMA COPD
progressive, persistent and
shortness of breath
aggravated shortness of breath
wheezing
with activity
heaviness in the chest
slight wheezing
recurrent cough
heaviness in the chest
precipitating factor present
chronic cough with or without
subsides without taking
sputum
medication
recurrent airway infection
flare-ups and heaviness at
ku: sitting hunched forward and
night
holding the body with hands
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

ASTMA COPD

during an exacerbation tachypnea

(increased pulse) barrel chest
signs of allergy may be weakened fremitus
seen widened rib cage
wheezing is heard hypersonor
during forced hyper pushed down
expiration
SUPPORTING EXAMINATION

ASTMA COPD

spirometry
spirometry : FEV
thoracic photograph
<80%
: hyperinflation,
thoracic photograph
hyperlucency,
: hyperinfiltrate
pendulum heart,
skin prict test
diagrama
X-RAY THORAX
ASTHMA MANAGEMENT
DOSIS ICS-FORMOTEROL
COPD ASSESMENT
COPD MANAGEMENT
 COPD MANAGEMENT

A Bronchodilators and evaluation of their effects

Long-acting bronchodilators LABA/LAMA

B
if no improvement LABA+LAMA

Long-acting bronchodilator LABA+LAMA+ICS

E

in exacerbation: give oxygen (2-4 L/I), bronchodilators, anticholinergics

 COPD MANAGEMENT

220826037
 COPD
MANAGEMENT
 COPD
MANAGEMENT
 PREVENTION
COPD

Group A: smoking cessation and vigorous activity

Group B,E: smoking cessation, activity, and pulmonary rehabilitation.

ASTMA
quit smoking
reduce bb if obese
avoid allergens
avoid medications that trigger
maintain nutrition
avoid air polls
influenza vaccination
 COMPLICATIONS
ASTMA COPD

airway remodeling pneumothorax

oral candidiasis arrhythmia
dysphonia cor pulmonary
esophageal malnutrition
candidiasis
 PROGNOSIS

ASTMA COPD

adults with asthma are several factors are

less likely than children prognostic indicators of
to experience complete COPD, including FEV1, low
remission of asthma airway response rate,
symptoms. decreased exercise
capacity
BREATHING
ALGORITHM
 REFERENCES
GINA (2021) ‘Pocket Giude For Asthma Management and Prevention (for Adults and Children
Older than 5 Years)’, pp, 1-48)

Holst SS, Sabedin E, Sabedin E, Vermehren C. A Shift in Asthma Treatment According to New
Guidelines: An Evaluation of Asthma Patients' Attitudes towards Treatment Change. Int J Environ
Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 16;20(4):3453. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043453. PMID: 36834147;
PMCID: PMC9958739.

Papi, A., Brightling, C., Pedersen, S. E., & Reddel, H. K. (2018). Asthma. Lancet (London,
England), 391(10122), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33311-1

Mims J. W. (2015). Asthma: definitions and pathophysiology. International forum of allergy &
rhinology, 5 Suppl 1, S2–S6. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21609

Lee J, McDonald C. Review: Immunotherapy improves some symptoms and reduces long-term
medication use in mild to moderate asthma. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Aug 21;169(4):JC17.

Tesfaye ZT, Gebreselase NT, Horsa BA. Appropriateness of chronic asthma management and
medication adherence in patients visiting ambulatory clinic of Gondar University Hospital: a cross-
sectional study. World Allergy Organ J. 2018;11(1):18.
 REFERENCES
GOLD. (2023). GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE POCKET
GUIDE TO COPD DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION A Guide for Health Care
Professionals 2023 EDITION. www.goldcopd.org

Agarwal, A. K., Raja, A., & Brown, B. D. (2023). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. In
StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Gentry, S., & Gentry, B. (2017). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and
Management. American family physician, 95(7), 433–441.

Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Bourbeau J, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Frith P, Halpin DMG,
Han M, López Varela MV, Martinez F, Montes de Oca M, Papi A, Pavord ID, Roche N, Sin DD,
Stockley R, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Vogelmeier C. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis,
Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: the GOLD science committee
report 2019. Eur Respir J. 2019 May;53(5)

GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths,
prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Sep;5(9):691-706.
THANK YOU