Loss

NewinLoss in
Why high voltage transmission
transmission
line = Iline
2
R,
Basically it is required Rfor
is the resistance
transmission
of(2I)
2
R=4I2R lines to be
the line.
able to transmit more power over the same line.
Station 1 Station 2
I2I

Therefore we conclude that it is not wise to

I I Equation for
increase the line current to transmit more
power is power
over a line, keeping the voltage same.
P= V I Cos 

March 6, 2023 11
 Loss in
Why high voltage transmission
line = I2R,
Basically it is required Rfor
is the resistance
transmission lines to be
of the line.
able to transmit more power over the same line.
Station 1 Station 2

I 2V
Therefore we see that if the transmission
Transformer Equation for
line voltage is increased it is power
capable
is of
transmitting
V more power without
P= V I Cos 
increasing the power loss in the line.
I I

March 6, 2023
Generator 12
Trends in voltage growth
dc voltage

Unfortunately HVDC
transmission has been
proven to be less
attractive to the power
system engineers.

March 6, 2023 13
Fields of applications of HV

• Power system engineering

• Research laboratories
• IndustriesInterested
• Nuclear research, particle
students
accelerators
may find
new areas
• Electrostatic of
precipitators
application
• Automobile of coils
ignition HV
• Medical applications like X-ray
machine

March 6, 2023 14
What we learn in
High Voltage
Engineering ?
• Testing of HV equipments like
power transformers, bushings,
CB, insulators, cables etc.
• Usually tests are done at a
voltage much higher than the
operating voltage.
• Generation, measurement and
control of different types of HV.
March 6, 2023 15
What we learn in
High Voltage
Engineering…contd.
• Failure mechanism of HV equipments
caused by HV stress.
• Breakdown mechanism of different types
of insulating materials ( solid, liquid, gas,
vacuum) under different types of voltages
(ac, dc, li, si).
• Computer simulation of HV systems so as
to (i) forecast before causing actual
breakdown (ii) Provide guideline towards
improved design.
• Provide technical assistance towards
designing HV equipment to be operated at
further higher voltages.
March 6, 2023 16
 Few future prospects
of HV
Interested
• For cosmopolitan cities overhead
students may
distribution lines are not allowed any
add newofnames
more. HV underground cables
to this list.
compact size is the solution.
• Compact all-in-one fix-and-forget type
GIS substations are required in near
future.
• HV has some residential and industrial
applications like water treatment plant,
insect killer/repeller, exhaust air
purifier etc.
March 6, 2023 17
 ac High Voltage Suppose it is said that the
voltage is 100kV.
Then this peak value is
=100 X 103 X 2 volt

Voltage
 140kV
In
kV
In high voltage engineering, we
should always be careful about
the peak value of the 100kV
ac
power frequency
voltage, because this isacthe
voltage
maximum voltage in the system
and may be responsible for
initiating breakdown or failure.
Time
In
ms

10 ms
March 6, 2023 18
 dc High Voltage100kV
Voltage
In
kV

100kV
dc voltage

Time
In
ms

March 6, 2023 19
 Lightning Impulse
American 500kV
Voltage
In 90%
standard is
kV 1.5/40 µS
500kV
50% li

10%
Is there any Standard li
Bangladesh 1/50 µS
t0

t1 t
2
standard ? t3 As per
TimeBSS & ISS
In
μs
Wave front
=1.25(t2-t1) Wave tail
=t3-t0
March 6, 2023 20
 Switching Impulse
500kV
Voltage
In 90%
kV
500kV
50% li

10% Standard si
t0 250/2500,
t3 120/1000
Time µS
t1 t2 In
μs
Wave front
=1.25(t2-t1) Wave tail
=t3-t0
March 6, 2023 21
Course outline
Course Code : 20EE603
Course Title : High Voltage Engineering

High Voltage dc : Rectifier circuits, Voltage multipliers, Van-de-graff

generator.

High Voltage ac : Cascaded transformers and Tesla coils.

Impulse Voltage : Shapes, mathematical analysis, codes and

standards, single and multistage impulse generators, tripping and
control of impulse generators.
Breakdown in gas, liquid and solid dielectric materials.
Corona.

High Voltage measurement and testing.

Over voltage phenomena and insulation co-ordination.

Lightning and switching surges, basic insulation level,

surge diverters and arresters.
March 6, 2023 22
Need for generating HV
• * For testing purpose equipment,
insulators ... etc
• For Nuclear research
• Particle acceletors
• Van de Graff generators
• Running high powered magnets
• Running Cryogenic & cooling
machines
March 6, 2023 23
Applications of HV
• Electrostatic precepitators for
air cleaning
• Medical imaging, Xray
• Scientific instrumentation
• Automobile ignition coils
• Pulse power in food processing
and water treatment
• Electrospraying &
electrospinning application
March 6, 2023 24
Why HVDC is Used for Long Transmission Line?
High Voltage DC is used at extra or ultra high voltage level.
HVDC transmission is used at fixed level of voltage in
primary transmission only as it cannot be stepped up or
down by transformer. Only in long distant transmission line
it is used only, because:
1.Only two conductors (positive and negative) are required
as compared to three of AC transmission.
2.The absence of inductance, capacitance and phase
displacement power loss is very less. Hence be er voltage
regulation.
3.Surge problem never occurs.
4.No skin effect.
5.Less insulation requires due to less potential stress.
6.Less corona discharge (i.e. the corona effect), and hence less
power loss.
7.Highly stabilized and synchronized.
March 6, 2023 25
March 6, 2023 26