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Contents
1. SUM FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................... 6
2. SUMIF FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................. 7
3. SUMIFS FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 9
4. DSUM FUNTION .................................................................................................................................. 10
5. AVERAGE FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................... 11
6. AVERAGEIF FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 12
7. AVERAGEIFS FUNCTION ..................................................................................................................... 13
8. COUNT FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 14
9. COUNTA FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 14
10. COUNTIF FUNCTION........................................................................................................................ 15
11. COUNTIFS FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................... 16
12. DCOUNT FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 17
13. COUNTBLANK FUNCTION ................................................................................................................ 18
14. PRODUCT FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................... 19
15. SUMPRODUCT FUNCTION............................................................................................................... 20
16. ROMAN FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 21
17. ARABIC FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................... 22
18. MAX FUNCTION............................................................................................................................... 23
19. MIN FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 24
20. LARGE FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 25
21. SMALL FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 26
22. RANK FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................. 27
23. UPPER FUNCTION............................................................................................................................ 28
24. LOWER FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................... 29
25. PROPER FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 30
26. EXACT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 31
27. LEN FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................ 32
28. RIGHT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 33
29. LEFT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 34
30. MID FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 35
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31. TODAY FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 36

32. NOW FUNCTION.............................................................................................................................. 36
33. TEXT FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 37
34. DOLLAR FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 38
35. DATE FUNCTION.............................................................................................................................. 39
36. TIME FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 40
37. MONTH FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 41
38. DATEDIF FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 42
39. DATEVALUE FUNCTION ................................................................................................................... 43
40. DAY FUNCTION................................................................................................................................ 44
41. DAYS FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 45
42. EDATE FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 46
43. EOMONTH FUNCTION ..................................................................................................................... 47
44. CHOOSE FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 48
45. COLUMN FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 49
46. ROW FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 50
47. VLOOKUP FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................... 51
48. HLOOKUP FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................... 52
49. LOOKUP FUNCTION......................................................................................................................... 53
50. XLOOKUP (Excel 365) ...................................................................................................................... 54
51. INDEX FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 55
52. MATCH FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................... 56
53. INDIRECT FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 57
54. TRANSPOSE FUNCTION ................................................................................................................... 58
55. CHAR FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................. 59
56. CLEAN FUNCTION............................................................................................................................ 60
57. CONCAT FUNCTION (Excel 2019) .................................................................................................... 61
58. CONCATENATE FUNCTION .............................................................................................................. 62
59. TEXTJOIN FUNCTION (Excel 2019) .................................................................................................. 63
60. REPLACE FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 64
61. REPT FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 65
62. TRIM FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 66
63. SEQUENCE FUNCTION (Excel 2021 onward) ................................................................................... 67
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64. UNIQUE FUNCTION (Excel 2021) .................................................................................................... 68

65. FV FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................. 69
66. PV FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................. 70
67. PMT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 71
68. IF FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................... 72
69. IFS FUNCTION.................................................................................................................................. 73
70. NESTEDIF FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 74
71. AND FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 75
72. OR FUNCTION.................................................................................................................................. 76
73. NOT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................... 77
74. IF AND FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 78
75. IF OR FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 79
76. ISBLANK FUNCTION ......................................................................................................................... 80
77. IFERROR FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 81
78. ISODD FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 82
79. ISEVEN FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 83
80. ISFORMULA FUNCTION ................................................................................................................... 84
81. ISNA FUNCTION............................................................................................................................... 85
82. ISNUMBER FUNCTION ..................................................................................................................... 86
83. ISTEXT FUNCTION............................................................................................................................ 87
84. N FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................... 88
85. T FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................... 89
86. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (SUM) .......................................................................................................... 90
87. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (COUNT) ...................................................................................................... 91
88. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (MAX) .......................................................................................................... 92
89. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (MIN) ........................................................................................................... 93
90. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (AVERAGE)................................................................................................... 94
91. AGGREGATE FUNCTION .................................................................................................................. 95
92. MOD FUNCTION .............................................................................................................................. 96
93. INT FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................. 97
94. RAND FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................. 98
95. RANDBETWEEN FUNCTION ............................................................................................................. 99
96. ROUND FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 100
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97. ROUNDUP FUNCTION ................................................................................................................... 101

98. ROUNDDOWN FUNCTION ............................................................................................................. 102
99. ROUNDDOWN FUNCTION ............................................................................................................. 103
100. DGET FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 104
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1.SUM FUNCTION
=Sum (number1, number2……)
If you need to sum a column or row of numbers, let Excel do the math for you. Select a cell next to the
numbers you want to sum, click AutoSum on the Home tab, press Enter, and you're done. When you click
AutoSum, Excel automatically enters a formula (that uses the SUM FUNCTION) to sum the numbers.

Auto SUM Shortcut in Excel (Alt and =)

Hold the “ALT” key and press the “equal” sign.

You can also take sum of multi range at one click. Select data by
holding ctrl key and press ALT and = then press enter button.

Branch Rent Utility MISC Exp Total Marks

Lahore 12,000 3,000 1,800 =SUM(D4:F4)

Multan 13,000 3,250 1,950 =SUM(D5:F5)

Sahiwal 14,000 3,500 2,100 =SUM(D6:F6)

Sialkot 15,000 3,750 2,250 =SUM(D7:F7)

Faisalabad 14,500 3,625 2,175 =SUM(D8:F8)

Total Marks =SUM(D4:D8) =SUM(D4:D8) =SUM(D4:D8) =SUM(D9:F9)

Page 7 of 104

2.SUMIF FUNCTION

=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

You use the SUMIF FUNCTION to sum the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify.
For example, suppose that in a column that contains numbers, you want to sum only the values
that are larger than 5. You can use the following formula: =SUMIF (B2:B25,">5")
The Excel SUMIF FUNCTION returns the sum of cells that meet a single condition. Criteria can
be applied to dates, numbers, and text. The SUMIF FUNCTION supports logical operators
(>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.

To
use
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SUMIF with a horizontal range, be sure both the sum range and criteria range are the same dimensions.
In the example shown, the formula in cell N7 is
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3.SUMIFS FUNCTION

=SUMIFS ([sum_range], Criteria_range1,Criteria1,Criteria_range2,Criteria2)

SUMIFS is a FUNCTION to sum cells that meet multiple criteria. SUMIFS can be used to sum
values when corresponding cells meet criteria based on dates, numbers, and text. SUMIFS
supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.

:
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4. DSUM FUNTION

=DSUM(database, field, criteria)

The Excel DSUM function returns the sum of values from a set of records that match
criteria. The values to sum are extracted from a given field in the database.
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5. AVERAGE FUNCTION
=AVERAGE (number1,number2,number3)
=AVERAGE(E15:E19)
The Excel AVERAGE FUNCTION calculates the average (arithmetic mean) of supplied numbers.
AVERAGE can handle up to 255 individual arguments, which can include numbers, cell
references, ranges, arrays, and constants.
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6. AVERAGEIF FUNCTION

=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])

The Excel AVERAGEIF FUNCTION calculates the average of numbers in a range that meet
supplied criteria. AVERAGEIF criteria can include logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?)
for partial matching.
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7. AVERAGEIFS FUNCTION

=AVERAGEIFS(avg_rng, range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)

The Excel AVERAGEIFS FUNCTION calculates the average of numbers in a range that meet
one or more criteria. The criteria used for AVERAGEIFS can include logical operators (>,<,<>,=)
and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.
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8. COUNT FUNCTION

The Excel COUNT FUNCTION returns a count of values that are numbers. Numbers
include negative numbers, percentages, dates, times, fractions, and formulas that return
numbers. Empty cells and text values are ignored.
=COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)

9. COUNTA FUNCTION
The Excel COUNTA FUNCTION returns the count of cells that contain numbers, text, logical
values, error values, and empty text (""). COUNTA does not count empty cells.
=COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)
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10. COUNTIF FUNCTION

=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
COUNTIF is an Excel FUNCTION to count cells in a range that meet a single condition. COUNTIF
can be used to count cells that contain dates, numbers, and text. The criteria used in COUNTIF
supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.
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11. COUNTIFS FUNCTION

=COUNTIFS(range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)

The Excel COUNTIFS FUNCTION returns the count of cells that meet one or more criteria.
COUNTIFS can be used with criteria based on dates, numbers, text, and other conditions.
COUNTIFS supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.
Page 17 of 104

12. DCOUNT FUNCTION

=DCOUNT(database, [field], criteria)

The Excel DCOUNT function counts matching records in a database using criteria and
an optional field. When a field is provided DCOUNT will only count numeric values in the
field. Use DCOUNTA to count numbers or text values in a given field.
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13. COUNTBLANK FUNCTION

=COUNTBLANK(range)

The Excel COUNTBLANK function returns a count of empty cells in a range. Cells that
contain text, numbers, errors, spaces, etc. are not counted. Formulas that return empty
strings ("") are counted as blank.
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14. PRODUCT FUNCTION

=PRODUCT(number1, [number2], ...)

The Excel PRODUCT function returns the product of numbers provided as arguments.
The PRODUCT function is helpful when multiplying many cells together. The formula
=PRODUCT(A1:A3) is the same as =A1*A2*A3.
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15. SUMPRODUCT FUNCTION

=SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2], ...)

The Excel SUMPRODUCT function multiplies ranges or arrays together and returns the
sum of products. This sounds boring, but SUMPRODUCT is an incredibly versatile
function that can be used to count and sum like COUNTIFS or SUMIFS, but with more
flexibility. Other functions can easily be used inside SUMPRODUCT to extend functionality
even further.
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16. ROMAN FUNCTION

=ROMAN(number, [form])

The Excel ROMAN function converts a number to a Roman numeral as text. For example,
the formula =ROMAN(5) returns V.
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17. ARABIC FUNCTION

=ARABIC(roman_text)

The Excel ARABIC function converts a Roman numeral as text to an Arabic numeral. For
example, the formula =ARABIC("VII") returns 7.
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18. MAX FUNCTION

=MAX(number1, [number2], ...)

The Excel MAX FUNCTION returns the largest numeric value in the data provided. MAX
ignores empty cells, the logical values TRUE and FALSE, and text values.
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19. MIN FUNCTION

=MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

The Excel MIN FUNCTION returns the smallest numeric value in the data provided.
The MIN FUNCTION ignores empty cells, the logical values TRUE and FALSE, and
text values.
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20. LARGE FUNCTION

=LARGE(array, k)
The Excel LARGE FUNCTION returns a numeric value based on its position in a list when
sorted by value in descending order. In other words, LARGE can retrieve the "nth largest"
value – 1st largest value, 2nd largest value, 3rd largest value, etc.
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21. SMALL FUNCTION

=SMALL(array, k)
The Excel SMALL FUNCTION returns a numeric value based on its position in a list when
sorted by value in ascending order. In other words, SMALL can return the "nth smallest"
value (1st smallest value, 2nd smallest value, 3rd smallest value, etc.) from a set of
numeric data.
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22. RANK FUNCTION

=RANK(number, ref, [order])

The Excel RANK FUNCTION returns the rank of a numeric value when compared to a
list of other numeric values. RANK can rank values from largest to smallest (i.e. top
sales) as well as smallest to largest (i.e. fastest time).
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23. UPPER FUNCTION

=UPPER(text)

The Excel UPPER FUNCTION converts a text string to all uppercase letters. Numbers,
punctuation, and spaces are not affected.

Note: - After conversion of text string to all uppercase, select data, copy it and paste special

as values. You can also use Alt ESV as short key after selection and copy the data.
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24. LOWER FUNCTION

=LOWER(text)

The Excel LOWER FUNCTION converts a text string to all lowercase letters. Numbers, punctuation,
and spaces are not affected.

Note: - After conversion of text string to all lowercase, select data, copy it and paste special

as values. You can also use Alt ESV as short key after selection and copy the data.
Page 30 of 104

25. PROPER FUNCTION

=PROPER(text)
The Excel PROPER FUNCTION capitalizes each first letter of word in a given text string.
Numbers, punctuation, and spaces are not affected.

Note: - After conversion of text string to all lowercase, select data, copy it and paste special
as values. You can also use Alt ESV as short key after selection and copy the data.
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26. EXACT FUNCTION

=EXACT(text1, text2)
The Excel EXACT FUNCTION compares two text strings, taking into account upper and
lower case characters, and returns TRUE if they are the same, and FALSE if not.
EXACT is case-sensitive.

=EXACT("Lahore","Lahore") // returns TRUE

=EXACT("Lahore","LAHORE") // returns FALSE
Page 32 of 104

27. LEN FUNCTION

=LEN(text)
The Excel LEN FUNCTION returns the length of a given text string as the number of
characters. LEN will also count characters in numbers, but number formatting is not
included.
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28. RIGHT FUNCTION

=RIGHT(text, [num_chars])

The Excel RIGHT FUNCTION extracts a given number of characters from the right side of a
supplied text string. For example, RIGHT("Lahore",4) returns "hore".
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29. LEFT FUNCTION

=Left(text, [num_chars])

The Excel LEFT FUNCTION extracts a given number of characters from the left side of a
supplied text string. For example, LEFT("Lahore",4) returns "Laho".
Page 35 of 104

30. MID FUNCTION

=MID(text, start_num, num_chars)

The Excel MID FUNCTION extracts a given number of characters from the middle of a
supplied text string. For example, =MID("Lahore",2,3) returns "aho".
Page 36 of 104

31. TODAY FUNCTION

=TODAY()

 Insert current date - Control + ;

The Excel TODAY FUNCTION returns the current date, updated continuously when a
worksheet is changed or opened. The TODAY FUNCTION takes no arguments. You can
format the value returned by TODAY with a date number format.

32. NOW FUNCTION

=NOW()

 Insert current time - Control + Shift + :

The Excel NOW FUNCTION returns the current date and time, updated continuously
when a worksheet is changed or opened. The NOW FUNCTION takes no arguments. You
can format the value returned by NOW as a date, or as a date with time by applying
a number format.
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33. TEXT FUNCTION

=TEXT(value, format_text)

The Excel TEXT FUNCTION returns a number in a given number format, as text. You
can use the TEXT FUNCTION to embed formatted numbers inside text.
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34. DOLLAR FUNCTION

=DOLLAR(number, decimals)

The Excel DOLLAR FUNCTION converts a number to text using the Currency number
format. The TEXT FUNCTION can do the same thing, and is much more versatile.
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35. DATE FUNCTION

=DATE(year, month, day)

The Excel DATE FUNCTION creates a valid date from individual year, month, and day
components. The DATE FUNCTION is useful for assembling dates that need to change
dynamically based on other values in a worksheet.
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36. TIME FUNCTION

=TIME(hour, minute, second)

The Excel TIME FUNCTION is a built-in FUNCTION that allows you to create a time with
individual hour, minute, and second components. The TIME FUNCTION is useful when
you want to assemble a proper time inside another formula.
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37. MONTH FUNCTION

=MONTH(serial_number)
The Excel MONTH FUNCTION extracts the month from a given date as number between
1 to 12. You can use the MONTH FUNCTION to extract a month number from a date into
a cell, or to feed a month number into another FUNCTION like the DATE FUNCTION.
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38. DATEDIF FUNCTION

=DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)

The Excel DATEDIF function returns the difference between two date values in years,
months, or days. The DATEDIF (Date + Dif) function is a "compatibility" function that
comes from Lotus 1-2-3. For reasons unknown, it is only documented in Excel 2000, but
you can use it in your formulas in all Excel versions since that time.
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39. DATEVALUE FUNCTION

=DATEVALUE(date_text)
The Excel DATEVALUE function converts a date represented as a text string into
a valid Excel date. For example, the formula =DATEVALUE("3/10/1975") returns a
serial number (27463) in the Excel date system that represents March 10, 1975. Proper
Excel dates are more useful than text dates since they can be directly manipulated with
formulas and pivot tables.
Page 44 of 104

40. DAY FUNCTION

=DAY(date)
The Excel DAY function returns the day of the month as a number between 1 to 31 from
a given date. You can use the DAY function to extract a day number from a date into a
cell. You can also use the DAY function to extract and feed a day value into another
function, like the DATE function.
Page 45 of 104

41. DAYS FUNCTION

=DAYS(end_date, start_date)

The Excel DAYS function returns the number of days between two dates. With a start
date in A1 and end date in B1, =DAYS(B1,A1) will return the days between the two
dates.
Page 46 of 104

42. EDATE FUNCTION

=EDATE(start_date, months)

The Excel EDATE function returns a date on the same day of the month, n months in the
past or future. You can use EDATE to calculate expiration dates, maturity dates, and
other due dates. Use a positive value for months to get a date in the future, and a negative
value for dates in the past.
Page 47 of 104

43. EOMONTH FUNCTION

=EOMONTH(start_date, months)

The Excel EOMONTH function returns the last day of the month, n months in the past or
future. You can use EOMONTH to calculate expiration dates, due dates, and other dates
that need to land on the last day of a month. Use a positive value for months to move
forward in time, and a negative number to move back in time.
Page 48 of 104

44. CHOOSE FUNCTION

=CHOOSE(index_num, value1, [value2], ...)

The CHOOSE function in Excel is designed to return a value from the list based on a
specified position. The function is available in Excel 365, Excel 2019, Excel 2016,
Excel 2013, Excel 2010, and Excel 2007. The syntax of the CHOOSE function is as
follows: CHOOSE(index_num, value1, [value2], …)
Page 49 of 104

45. COLUMN FUNCTION

=COLUMN([reference])

The Excel COLUMN function returns the column number for a reference. For example,
COLUMN(C5) returns 3, since C is the third column in the spreadsheet. When no
reference is provided, COLUMN returns the column number of the cell which contains the
formula.
Page 50 of 104

46. ROW FUNCTION

=ROW([reference])
The Excel ROW function returns the row number for a reference. For example, ROW(C5)
returns 5, since C5 is the fifth row in the spreadsheet. When no reference is provided,
ROW returns the row number of the cell which contains the formula.
Page 51 of 104

47. VLOOKUP FUNCTION

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, column_index_num, [range_lookup])

VLOOKUP is an Excel function to look up data in a table organized vertically. VLOOKUP

supports approximate and exact matching, and wildcards (* ?) for partial
matches. Lookup values must appear in the first column of the table passed into
VLOOKUP.
Page 52 of 104

48. HLOOKUP FUNCTION

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index, [range_lookup])

Excel HLOOKUP function finds and retrieve a value from data in a horizontal table. The "H"
in HLOOKUP stands for "horizontal", and lookup values must appear in the first row of the
table, moving horizontally to the right. HLOOKUP supports approximate and exact matching,
and wildcards (* ?) for finding partial matches.
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49. LOOKUP FUNCTION

=LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, [result_vector])

The Excel LOOKUP function performs an approximate match lookup in a one-
column or one-row range, and returns the corresponding value from another one-
column or one-row range. LOOKUP's default behavior makes it useful for solving
certain problems in Excel.
Page 54 of 104

50. XLOOKUP (Excel 365)

=XLOOKUP(lookup,lookup_array,return_array,[not_found],[match_mode],[search_mode])

The Excel XLOOKUP function is a modern and flexible replacement for older functions
like VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, and LOOKUP. XLOOKUP supports approximate and exact
matching, wildcards (* ?) for partial matches, and lookups in vertical or horizontal ranges.
Page 55 of 104

51. INDEX FUNCTION

=INDEX(array, row_num, [col_num], [area_num])

The Excel INDEX function returns the value at a given location in a range or array. You
can use INDEX to retrieve individual values, or entire rows and columns. The MATCH
function is often used together with INDEX to provide row and column numbers.
Page 56 of 104

52. MATCH FUNCTION

=MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])

MATCH is an Excel function used to locate the position of a lookup value in a row, column,
or table. MATCH supports approximate and exact matching, and wildcards (* ?) for partial
matches. Often, MATCH is combined with the INDEX function to retrieve a value at a
matched position.
Page 57 of 104

53. INDIRECT FUNCTION

=INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])
The Excel INDIRECT function returns a valid cell reference from a given text string.
INDIRECT is useful when you want to assemble a text value that can be used as a valid
reference.
Page 58 of 104

54. TRANSPOSE FUNCTION

=TRANSPOSE(array)
The Excel TRANSPOSE function "flips" the orientation of a given range or array:
TRANSPOSE flips a vertical range to a horizontal range, and flips a horizontal range to a
vertical range.

1. Step 1: Select blank cells. First select some blank cells. ...
2. Step 2: Type =TRANSPOSE (With those blank cells still selected, type:
=TRANSPOSE(………)
3. Step 3: Type the range of the original cells. Now type the range of the cells you
want to transpose. ...
4. Step 4: Finally, press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER.
Page 59 of 104

55. CHAR FUNCTION

=CHAR(number)
The Excel CHAR function returns a character when given a valid character code.
CHAR can be used to specify characters that are hard to enter in a formula. For
example, CHAR(10) returns a line break, and can be used to add a line break to
text in a formula.
Page 60 of 104

56. CLEAN FUNCTION

=CLEAN(text)
The Excel CLEAN function takes a text string and returns text that has been
"cleaned" of line breaks and other non-printable characters.
Page 61 of 104

57. CONCAT FUNCTION (Excel 2019)

=CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...)

The Excel CONCAT function concatenates (joins) values supplied as references or
constants. Unlike the CONCATENATE function (which CONCAT replaces), CONCAT
will accept a range of cells to join, in addition to individual cell references.
Page 62 of 104

58. CONCATENATE FUNCTION

=CONCATENATE(text1, text2, [text3], ...)

The Excel CONCATENATE function concatenates (joins) join up to 30 values together

and returns the result as text. In Excel 2019 and later,
=CONCATENATE(A1," ",B1)
Page 63 of 104

59. TEXTJOIN FUNCTION (Excel 2019)

=TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], ...)

The Excel TEXTJOIN function concatenates multiple values together with or without a
delimiter. TEXTJOIN can concatenate values provided as cell references, ranges,
or constants, and can optionally ignore empty cells.

You can also this function for transpose data from column to row.
Page 64 of 104

60. REPLACE FUNCTION

=REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)

The Excel REPLACE function replaces characters specified by location in a given text
string with another text string. For example =REPLACE("XYZ123",4,3,"456") returns
"XYZ456".
Page 65 of 104

61. REPT FUNCTION

=REPT(text, number_times)

The Excel REPT function repeats characters a given number of times. For example,
=REPT("x",5) returns "xxxxx".
Page 66 of 104

62. TRIM FUNCTION

=TRIM(text)

The Excel TRIM function strips extra spaces from text, leaving only a single space
between words and no space characters at the start or end of the text.
Page 67 of 104

63. SEQUENCE FUNCTION (Excel 2021 onward)

=SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step])

The Excel SEQUENCE function generates a list of sequential numbers in an array. The
array can be one dimensional, or two-dimensional, determined
by rows and columns arguments.
Page 68 of 104

64. UNIQUE FUNCTION (Excel 2021)

=UNIQUE(array, [by_col], [exactly_once])

The Excel UNIQUE function returns a list of unique values in a list or range.
Values can be text, numbers, dates, times, etc.
Page 69 of 104

65. FV FUNCTION

=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])

The Excel FV function is a financial function that returns the future value of an investment.
You can use the FV function to get the future value of an investment assuming periodic,
constant payments with a constant interest rate.
Page 70 of 104

66. PV FUNCTION

=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])

The Excel PV function is a financial function that returns the present value of an
investment. You can use the PV function to get the value in today's dollars of a series of
future payments, assuming periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Page 71 of 104

67. PMT FUNCTION

=PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])

The Excel PMT function is a financial function that returns the periodic payment for a loan.
You can use the PMT function to figure out payments for a loan, given the loan amount,
number of periods, and interest rate.
Page 72 of 104

68. IF FUNCTION

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

The Excel IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and
another for a FALSE result. For example, to "pass" scores above 70:
=IF(A1>70,"Pass","Fail").
Page 73 of 104

69. IFS FUNCTION

=IFS(test1, value1, [test2, value2], ...)

The Excel IFS function can run multiple tests and return a value corresponding to the first
TRUE result. Use the IFS function to evaluate multiple conditions without multiple nested
IF statements. IFS allows shorter, easier to read formulas.
Page 74 of 104

70. NESTEDIF FUNCTION

Nested IF functions, meaning one IF function inside of another, allows you to test
multiple criteria and increases the number of possible outcomes. We want to determine a
student's grade based on their score. If Tahir's score in B2 is greater than or equal to 90,
return an A.
Page 75 of 104

71. AND FUNCTION

=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

The Excel AND function is a logical function used to require more than one condition at
the same time. AND returns either TRUE or FALSE. To test if a number in A1 is greater
than zero and less than 10, use =AND(A1>0,A1<10). The AND function can be used as
the logical test inside the IF function. All logics should be true if want correct result.
Page 76 of 104

72. OR FUNCTION

=OR(logical1, [logical2], ...)

The Excel OR function returns TRUE if any given argument evaluates to TRUE, and
returns FALSE if all supplied arguments evaluate to FALSE. For example, to test A1 for
either "x" or "y", use =OR(A1="x",A1="y").
Page 77 of 104

73. NOT FUNCTION

=NOT(logical)
The Excel NOT function returns the opposite of a given logical or Boolean value. When
given TRUE, NOT returns FALSE. When given FALSE, NOT returns TRUE. Use the
NOT function to reverse a logical value.
Page 78 of 104

74. IF AND FUNCTION

AND – =IF(AND(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if

False)

If you need to test multiple conditions, where let’s say all conditions need to be True or
False you can use AND. You can also use AND with IF Function to get correct result.
Page 79 of 104

75. IF OR FUNCTION

OR – =IF(OR(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if False)

If you need to test multiple conditions, where let’s say one condition need to be True or
False you can use OR. You can also use OR with IF Function to get correct result.
Page 80 of 104

76. ISBLANK FUNCTION

=ISBLANK(value)
The Excel ISBLANK function returns TRUE when a cell is empty, and FALSE when a cell
is not empty. For example, if A1 contains "Tahir", ISBLANK(A1) returns FALSE.
Page 81 of 104

77. IFERROR FUNCTION

=IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
The Excel IFERROR function returns a custom result when a formula generates an error,
and a standard result when no error is detected. IFERROR is an elegant way to trap and
manage errors without using more complicated nested IF statements.
Page 82 of 104

78. ISODD FUNCTION

=ISODD(value)
The Excel ISODD function returns TRUE when a value is an odd number, and FALSE
when a value is an even number. ISODD will return the #VALUE error if a value is not
numeric.
Page 83 of 104

79. ISEVEN FUNCTION

=ISEVEN(value)
The Excel ISEVEN function returns TRUE when a value is an even number, and FALSE
when a value is an odd number. ISEVEN will return the #VALUE error if a value is not
numeric.
Page 84 of 104

80. ISFORMULA FUNCTION

=ISFORMULA(reference)

The Excel ISFORMULA function returns TRUE if a cell contains a formula, and FALSE if
not. When a cell contains a formula ISFORMULA will return TRUE regardless of the
formula's output or error conditions.
Page 85 of 104

81. ISNA FUNCTION

=ISNA(value)

The Excel ISNA function returns TRUE when a cell contains the #N/A error and FALSE
for any other value, or any other error type. You can use the ISNA function with the IF
function test for #N/A and display a friendly message if the error occurs.
Page 86 of 104

82. ISNUMBER FUNCTION

=ISNUMBER(value)

The Excel ISNUMBER function returns TRUE when a cell contains a number, and FALSE
if not. You can use ISNUMBER to check that a cell contains a numeric value, or that the
result of another function is a number.
Page 87 of 104

83. ISTEXT FUNCTION

=ISTEXT(value)

The Excel ISTEXT function returns TRUE when a cell contains a text value, and FALSE
if the cell contains any other value. You can use the ISTEXT function to check if a cell
contains a text value, or a numeric value entered as text.
Page 88 of 104

84. N FUNCTION

=N(value)

The Excel N function returns a number when given a value. The N function can be used to
convert TRUE and FALSE to 1 and 0 respectively. When given a text value, the N function
returns zero.
Page 89 of 104

85. T FUNCTION

=T(value)

The Excel T function returns text when given a text value and an empty string ("") for
numbers, dates, and the logical values TRUE and FALSE. You can use the T function to
remove values that are not text.
Page 90 of 104

86. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (SUM)

=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)

The Excel SUBTOTAL function is designed to run a given calculation on a range of cells
while ignoring cells that should not be included. SUBTOTAL can return a SUM,
AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, and others (see complete list below), and SUBTOTAL function
can either include or exclude values in hidden rows.
Page 91 of 104

87. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (COUNT)

=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)

To count data in a spesific range use 3 before refrence. You can also use 103 if you don’t
want to count hidden cells.
Page 92 of 104

88. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (MAX)

=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)

To know Maximum value in a spesific range use 4 before refrence. You can also use 104
if you don’t want to count hidden cells for maximum value.
Page 93 of 104

89. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (MIN)

=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)

To know Maximum value in a spesific range use 5 before refrence. You can also use 105
if you don’t want to count hidden cells for minimum value.
Page 94 of 104

90. SUBTOTAL FUNCTION (AVERAGE)

=SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...)

To know average value in a spesific range use 1 before refrence. You can also use 101 if
you don’t want average of hidden cells.
Page 95 of 104

91. AGGREGATE FUNCTION

=AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], ...)

The Excel AGGREGATE function returns a aggregate calculation like AVERAGE,

COUNT, MAX, etc., optionally ignoring hidden rows and errors. A total of 19 operations
are available, specified by function number in the first argument (see table for options).
Page 96 of 104

92. MOD FUNCTION

=MOD(number, divisor)

The Excel MOD function returns the remainder of two numbers after division. For
example, MOD(10,3) = 1. The result of MOD carries the same sign as the divisor.
Page 97 of 104

93. INT FUNCTION

=INT(number)

The Excel INT function returns the integer part of a decimal number by rounding down to
the integer. Note that negative numbers become more negative. For example, while
INT(10.8) returns 10, INT(-10.8) returns -11.
Page 98 of 104

94. RAND FUNCTION

=RAND()
The Excel RAND function returns a random number between 0 and 1. For example,
=RAND() will generate a number like 0.422245717. RAND recalculates when a worksheet
is opened or changed.
Page 99 of 104

95. RANDBETWEEN FUNCTION

=RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)
The Excel RANDBETWEEN function returns a random integer between two given
numbers. RANDBETWEEN recalculates each time a worksheet is opened or changed.
Page 100 of 104

96. ROUND FUNCTION

=ROUND(number, num_digits)

The Excel ROUND function returns a number rounded to a given number of digits. The
ROUND function can round to the right or left of the decimal point.
Page 101 of 104

97. ROUNDUP FUNCTION

=ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

The Excel ROUNDUP function returns a number rounded up to a given number of decimal
places. Unlike standard rounding, where only numbers less than 5 are rounded
down, ROUNDUP rounds all numbers up.
Page 102 of 104

98. ROUNDDOWN FUNCTION

=ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)

The Excel ROUNDDOWN function returns a number rounded down to a given number of
places. Unlike standard rounding, where only numbers less than 5 are rounded
down, ROUNDDOWN rounds all numbers down.
Page 103 of 104

99. ROUNDDOWN FUNCTION

=EVEN(number)

The Excel EVEN function rounds numbers up to the next even integer. The EVEN function
always rounds numbers away from zero, so positive numbers become larger and negative
numbers become smaller (i.e. more negative).
Page 104 of 104

100. DGET FUNCTION

=DGET(database, field, criteria)

The Excel DGET function gets a single value in a given field from a record that matches
criteria. DGET will throw the #NUM error if more than one record matches criteria.