An RFID-Based System for Pilgrim Management in King Abdul Aziz

International Airport

This paper appears in:

Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII), 2011
International Conference on
Date of Conference: 26-27 Nov. 2011
Author(s): Khan, E.A.
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Inst. for Hajj Res., Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
Volume: 1, On Page(s): 124 - 129
Product Type: Conference Publications
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:

Title of the project : An RFID-Based System for Pilgrim Management in King

Abdul Aziz International Airport

Domain : Embedded Systems, Environment Systems

Software : Embedded C, Keil, Flash Magic

Microcontroller : LPC2148 controller

Power Supply : +3.3V regulated power supply

Display : LCD HD44780 16-character, 2-line (16X2)

Communication device : RFID Module

MAX232 : 1

DB-9 Connector : 1

EEPROM : 24C04

H-Bridge : DC-Motor

Buzzer : 1

Crystal : 12MHz

Applications : Military, Défense, Household Applications, Industries etc.

Developed By : M/S Wine Yard Technologies

Phone : 040-6464 6363, www.WineYard.in

Abstract:
 Millions of pilgrims arrive every year to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform the
fifth pillar of Islam, Hajj. Managing this large number of pilgrims from different nations and
various cultures in a short period of time is not easy. Officials in the pilgrim terminal in King
AbdulAziz International Airport (KAIA), which is the main portal to the holy city of Makkah,
need to utilize new technological solutions to increase the efficiency of the process of receiving,
guiding, and managing pilgrims. In this work, we propose a system to manage pilgrims in KAIA
using the RFID technology. In this system, each pilgrim is given an ID card with a unique
number. This card is used to identify the pilgrim in different stages of the arrival process. The
proposed system helps pilgrims finding their ways to the designated waiting area for their
nationalities and helps officials registering pilgrims, editing their information, and searching for
them.

RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. RFID is one member in the
family of Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies and is a fast and
reliable means of identifying just about any material object. This project can be used for security
purpose where it gives information about the authorized persons and unauthorized persons
normally used in checking areas eg airways. Primarily, the two main components involved in a
Radio Frequency Identification system are the Transponder (tags that are attached to the object)
and the Interrogator (RFID reader).

Communication between the RFID reader and tags occurs wirelessly and
generally doesn’t require a line of sight between the devices. RFID tags are categorized as either
active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically
read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten and/or modified. An active tag's memory size varies
according to application requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory.
Passive RFID tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power
generated from the reader. This project uses passive tags. The reader has three main functions:
energizing, demodulating and decoding. The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and
to read and write data to it.

In this project, the RFID module reader typically contains a module

(transmitter and receiver), a control unit and a coupling element (antenna). This module is
interfaced with the micro controller and when the card is brought near to the RFID module it
reads the ID CODE in the card and then compares with the ID CODE of that

The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact,
non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such
as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging
conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. This project
can provide security for the industries, companies, etc.

In this project we use different modules at such as RFID module, LPC2148 as controller,
H-Bridge, DC Motor, a buzzer and 16X2 LCD is used to have the display of the person if he/she
is authorized /unauthorized.

The LPC2148 are based on a 16/32 bit ARM7TDMI-S™ CPU with real-time emulation
and embedded trace support, together with 128/512 kilobytes of embedded high speed flash
memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit
code execution at maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit
Thumb Mode reduces code by more than 30% with minimal performance penalty. With their
compact 64 pin package, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, 4- channel 10-bit ADC,
USB PORT,PWM channels and 46 GPIO lines with up to 9 external interrupt pins these
microcontrollers are particularly suitable for industrial control, medical systems, access control
and point-of-sale. With a wide range of serial communications interfaces, they are also very well
suited for communication gateways, protocol converters and embedded soft modems as well as
many other general-purpose applications.

This project uses two power supplies, one is regulated 5V for modules and other one is
3.3V for LPC2148. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge
type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down
transformer.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed system shall solve the following problems:
> Identifying pilgrims in different stages
> Counting the number of pilgrims according to their nationalities.
> Guiding pilgrims using their own languages (Identifying Language ).
> Access Control

ARM 7 TDMI

Block Diagram: LPC2148

U
MAX 232 RFID
A

T
 I2C
Protocol
EEPROM

Contrast

TRANSISTOR
Mode DRIVER BUZZER
selection CIRCUIT
switch

H-Bridge DC
Motor

3.3V Regulated
Power Supply

Advantages:

 Reliability
 Ease of Operation
 Defense Applications
 Libraries
 Temples
  Colleges
 Seminar halls and conference rooms
 Security for VIPs during their visit to public places

Applications:

 Electronic Vehicle Registration

 Animal identification
 Libraries
 Museums
 Ski resorts
 Access management
 Tracking of goods and RFID in retail
 Tracking of persons and animals
 Toll collection and contactless payment
 Tracking sports memorabilia to verify authenticity
 Airport baggage tracking logistics

Abstract Prepared By