University of Karachi

Importance of Financial Inclusion in Reducing Poverty and Gender Inequality

Submitted to:
Sir Nauman Tariq
By:
Abdul Basit (02)
Aneeqa Munir (15)
Haseeb Mehmood (26)
Masfa Kashif (36)
M. Anees Raza (44)
 HASEEB MEHMOOD
Research on Financial Inclusion in Reducing Poverty and Gender Inequality

Research No. 1

Name Variable Method Result

Ichraf • ATM: denotes account The methods used in this The study findings demonstrate
Ouechtati ownership, measured as report are Generalized a consistent negative
Faculty of automated teller Method of Moments relationship between financial
Legal, machines per 100,000 (GMM) and System (Sys) inclusion and both income
Economic adults. GMM. inequality and poverty. Proxy
and • BRCH: denotes • GMM: a statistical variables for financial inclusion
Managemen penetration rate of method used to significantly impact these
t Sciences of financial institutions, estimate parameters in factors, highlighting the
Jendouba, measured as bank statistical models. It's importance of policies
University of branches per 100,000 often used in promoting inclusive financial
Jendouba, adults. semiparametric models, institutions and improving
Tunisia. • BRW: denotes credit, where the distribution access to banking services. The
measured as commercial function of the data's full study recommends
bank borrowers per shape is unknown, and implementing reforms to
1000 adults. maximum likelihood enhance financial access,
• DPTR: denotes savings, estimation can't be used. banking services, and credit
measured as commercial • Sys GMM: System efficiency, alongside efforts to
bank deposit accounts GMM is an estimator raise public awareness and
per 1000 adults. that improves the disseminate financial literature,
• Other Dependent estimate of the impact especially in rural areas.
Variables: Pov, GI, GDPc, of education on growth Prioritizing innovative financial
Expense, Trade, Inflation by adding information tools and effective trade policies
on cross-country can further aid in poverty
variation in education reduction and enhance financial
levels. stability in developing countries.
 Haseeb Mehmood
Importance of Financial Inclusion in Reducing Poverty and Gender Inequality.

Research No. 2

Name Variable Method Result

Albert A. Agyemang- • Education Fixed effect panel The study examined the
Badu • Financial Regression was determinants of financial
Spiritan University inclusion used to estimate inclusion, the influence of
College, Ejisu-Kumasi, • GDP per capita the determinants financial inclusion on poverty
Ghana growth of financial and income inequality of
Kwasi Agyei Spiritan • Private sector inclusion of selected countries in Africa. The
University College, credit selected countries data on financial inclusion
Ejisu-Kumasi., Ghana • Rule of Law in Africa. The same dimension such as ATM per
Edwards Kwaku Duah • ln GNI method was used 1000 customers, Number of
Kwame Nkrumah • Population to estimate the bank branches per 1000,
University of Science • Dependency effect of financial borrowers per 1000 and
and Technology, ratio inclusion on depositors with banks per 1000
Kumasi, Ghana • Constant poverty and were gathered from World
• Observations income equality. Bank’s Development Indicators
• F-statistic from 2004 to 2015. These
financial inclusion dimensions
were used to construct financial
inclusion index following Park
and Mecado (2015) method.
Fixed effect panel regression
was used to estimate the
determinants of financial
inclusion of selected countries in
Africa. The same method was
used to estimate the effect of
financial inclusion on poverty
and income equality.