BLUE BELLS MODEL SCHOOL

SESSION 2024-2025
HODIDAYS HOMEWORK
CLASS - XII
MATRICES
(𝑖+2𝑗)2
1. Construct a 3 × 2 matrix A , whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2 .
2𝑥 + 𝑦 4𝑥 7 7𝑦 − 13
2. If [ ]=[ ], find the values of x and y .
5𝑥 − 7 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+6
𝑥 + 3 𝑧 + 4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
3. If [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ] , find the values of a, b, c ,x ,
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
y and z.
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃
4. Simplify : cos 𝜃 [ ] + sin 𝜃 [ ] .
− sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2 2𝑥
𝑥 7
5. If [ 2 ] + 2 [ ] = 3 [ ] , find the value of x and y .
𝑦 3𝑦 −3
6. If X and y are 2 × 2 matrices , then solve the following matrix equations for X and Y :
2 3 −2 2
2X + 3Y = [ ] , 3X + 2 Y = [ ].
4 0 1 −5
0 6 7 0 1 1 2
7. If A = [−6 0 8] , B = [1 0 2] and C = [−2] , then calculate AC , BC and ( A +
7 −8 0 1 2 0 3
B ) C. Also verify that (A + B ) C = AC + BC .
1 2
8. Find the value of k if M = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀2 − 𝑘𝑀 − 𝐼2 = 𝑂.
3 4
4 2 1 0
9. If (𝐴 − 2𝐼) (𝐴 − 3𝐼) = 𝑂 ,where A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 = [ ] , then find the value
−1 𝑥 0 1
of x.
1 −1 𝑎 1
10. If A = [ ],B=[ ] and (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 , find a and b .
2 −1 𝑏 −1
11. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then find the simplified value of (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 +
(𝐴 + 𝐼)3 − 7𝐴
2 0 1
12. If A =[2 1 3] , find 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 4𝐼 and hence , find a matrix X such that 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 +
1 −1 0
4𝐼 + 𝑋 = 𝑂.
13. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴 , then find the value of 7A −(𝐼 + 𝐴)3.
1 0 2 𝑥
14. Find x , if [𝑥 −5 −1] [0 2 1] [4] = 𝑂
2 0 3 1
2 5 17 −1
15. Find a 2 × 2 matrix B such that [ ]𝐵= [ ]
−3 7 47 −13
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 𝜋
16. If A = [ ], find 𝛼 satisfying 0 < 𝛼 < 2 where A + 𝐴𝑇 = √2 𝐼2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴𝑇
− sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
is the transpose of A.
 0 2𝑦 𝑧
17. Find the value of x , y z if the matrix A = [𝑥 𝑦 −𝑧] satisfies the equation 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝐼3
𝑥 −𝑦 𝑧
0 2𝑏 −2
18. Matrix A = [ 3 1 3 ] is given to be symmetric , find the values of a and b.
3𝑎 3 −1
19. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew symmetric
3 −2 −4
matrix and verify the result : [ 3 −2 −5]
−1 1 2
20. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, prove that AB + BA is symmetric.
21. If A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order, prove that AB – BA is a skew
symmetric matrix.
22. There are 2 families A and B .There are 4 men ,6 women and 2 children in family A, and
2 men , 2 women and 4 children in family B. The recommended daily amount of calories
is 2400,1900 and 1800 for each man,woman and child respectively , and amount of
proteins is 45 grams , 55 grams and 33 grams for each man , woman and child
respectively. Represent the following information using matrices. Using matrix
multiplication , calculate the total requirement of calories and proteins for each of two
families.
1 1 1 3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1
𝑛
23. If A = [1 1 1], prove that 𝐴 = [3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1 ] for all positive integers n .
1 1 1 3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1 3𝑛−1

DETERMINANTS
𝑥+3 −2
1. If x ∈ 𝑁 and | | = 8 , find the value of x .
−3𝑥 2𝑥
𝜋 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1 3 0
2. If x ∈ 𝑅, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 | |=| |, then find the value of x .
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽 − sin 𝛼
3. Evaluate | − sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽 0 |
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 cos 𝛼
1 0 1
4. If A = [0 1 2], then show that |3𝐴| = 27|𝐴|
0 0 4
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
5. If x is a real number , then show that |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| lies between 2 and 4 (
−1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
both inclusive )
2 −3 5
6. Find the cofactors of the elements of the third row of the determinants |6 0 4|
1 5 −7
and verify that 𝑎11 𝐴31 + 𝑎21 𝐴32 + 𝑎13 𝐴33 = 0
0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1
7. Show that the value of the determinants | 1 −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 0 | is independent of x .
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
 𝑥 6 2
8. If | √6 |=| |, then find the value of x.
√20 √24 5 2
0 0
9. Evaluate the following determinants (i) |𝑐𝑜𝑠900 −𝑐𝑜𝑠450 | Ans .
1
(ii)
sin 90 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 √2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
| |.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤
10. If |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑤 −𝑥 1 | = 8 the find the value of x.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑤 1 𝑥
−1 −2 −2
11. Find the adjoint of matrix A = [ 2 1 −2] and hence show that A(AdjA)=|𝐴|𝐼3
2 −2 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 0
12. Given A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 . (𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴) = 𝑘 [ ], find the value of k.
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 1
2 4
13. For a matrix A = [ ] , verify that (𝐴−1 )′ = (𝐴′ )−1.
1 −3
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
14. If A = [ ], show that 𝐴′ 𝐴−1 = [ ]
−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
3 −1 1
15. Find the inverse of the matrix A = [−15 6 −5] and hence show that 𝐴−1 𝐴 = 𝐼
5 −2 2
3 −2
16. If A = [ ], find x such that 𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴 − 2𝐼, 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1
2
4 −2
2 −1 1
17. For the matrix A = [−1 2 −1] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 4𝐼 = 𝑂. ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 .
1 −1 2
18. Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation
2 1 −3 2 1 0
[ ]𝐴[ ]=[ ]
3 2 5 −3 0 1
𝑥+4 𝑥 𝑥
19. If the matrix [ 𝑥 𝑥+4 𝑥 ] is singular find x.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+4
20. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then find |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|
21. Using matrix method solve the following system of equations 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3 ; 𝑥 +
2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6 ; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
8 4 3
22. Find the inverse of the matrix A = [2 1 1] and use it solve the following system of
1 2 2
linear equations : 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 19 ; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5 ; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7.
2 3 10 4
23. Solve the following system of linear equations, using matrices : 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 −
6 5 6 9 20
+ 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − = 2; 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑦 𝑧
1 2 0
24. If A = [−2 −1 −2] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑𝐴−1 .Using 𝐴−1, solve the system of linear equations : 𝑥 −
0 −1 1
2𝑦 = 10 , 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8 , −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7
 1 −1 0 2 2 −4
25. If A =[2 3 4] and B = [−4 2 −4], find AB , Hence ,solve the system of
0 1 2 2 −1 5
equations 𝑥 – 𝑦 = 3 , 2𝑥 + 3 𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 17 , 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
26. Use the product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3]to solve the system of equations : 𝑥 – 𝑦 +
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
2𝑧 = 1 , 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1 ,3𝑥 − 2 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2.
2 −3 5
27. If A = [3 2 −4] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 . 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴−1 solve the following system of equations:
1 1 −2
2x – 3y + 5z = 11,3x + 2y − 4z = −5 , x + y – 2z = −3.

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1. Find the principal values of :
1
(i) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (− ) (ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−√3) (iii) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (−1) (iv) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (−2)
√2
1 1
2. Using the principal values, find the values of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (− 2) +𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (− 2)
3. Using principal values evaluate the following
2𝜋 2𝜋
cos−1 (cos ) + sin−1 (sin )
3 3
𝜋 1
4. Evaluate : sin ( 3 − sin−1 (− 2))
3 5
5. Evaluate the following : (i) sin (2 sin−1 5) (ii) sin (2 cot −1 (− 12))
1 √5
6. Evaluate the following (i) tan (2 cos−1 )
3
−1 1
7. Find the value of the following : (i) tan (2 cos (2 sin−1 (2)))
1
8. If tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (2) , find the value of x .
𝜋
9. If xy < 1 and tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = 4 , then write the value of x + y + xy .
10. Write the following functions in the simplest form
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
a. tan−1 (1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
b. cot −1 (√1 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥)
1+𝑥
c. tan−1 √
1−𝑥
−1 𝑥
d. tan √𝑎2 −𝑥 2
𝑥 2 +1
11. Prove that :sin(cot −1(cos(tan−1 𝑥))) = √𝑥 2+2
3 3 8 𝜋
12. Prove that : tan−1 4 + tan−1 5 − tan−1 19 = 4
13. Solve the following for x :
2−𝑥 1 𝑥
a. tan−1 (2+𝑥) = 2 tan−1 2 , 𝑥 > 0
𝑥−2 𝑥+2 𝜋
b. tan−1 (𝑥−3) + tan−1 (𝑥+3) = 4
 c. sin−1 𝑥 − cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 2)
𝜋
14. Solve for x : sin−1(1 − 𝑥) − 2 sin−1 𝑥 =
2
15. Solve for x : sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) = cos−1 𝑥
16. Solve for x : 2tan−1(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = tan−1(2 cosec 𝑥)
1
17. If sin (sin−1 5 + cos −1 𝑥) = 1, then find the value of x .
3 4
18. Simplify the following : cos −1 (5 cos 𝑥 + 5 sin 𝑥)
1+𝑥
19. Prove that : 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (2 tan−1 √1−𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
𝜋
20. If sin−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 2𝑥 2 + 1 = √5
1 1
21. Show that cos (2 tan−1 7) = sin (4 tan−1 3)
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2 2𝑥 𝜋
22. Solve for x : 3sin−1 ( 2
) − 4 cos−1 ( ) + 2 tan−1 ( )=
1+𝑥 1+𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2 3
−1 −1 𝑥
23. If y = cot √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − tan √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2
1 1+√1+𝑥 2
24. Prove that : 2 tan−1 𝑥 = cos−1 (√ 2
)
2√1+𝑥
1 14
25. Show that : sin (2 tan−1 3) + cos(tan−1 2√2) = 15
26. Prove that : tan(2 tan−1 𝑥) = 2 tan(tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑥 3 )
27. Prove that : cot −1 7 + cot −1 8 + cot −1 18 = cot −1 3
28. Prove that : 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (tan−1 2) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (cot −1 3) = 15
𝜋 1 𝑎 𝜋 1 𝑎 2𝑏
29. Prove that : tan ( 4 + 2 cos −1 𝑏) + tan ( 4 − 2 cos −1 𝑏) = 𝑎
cos 𝛼+cos 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
30. Prove that : cos−1 (1+cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽) = 2 tan−1 (tan 2 tan 2 )
6𝑥−8𝑥 3 4𝑥
31. Prove that : tan−1 (1−12𝑥 2 ) − tan−1 (1−4𝑥 2) = tan−1 2𝑥
𝑎−𝑏 𝑥 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑏
32. Prove that :2tan−1 (√𝑎+𝑏 tan 2) = cos −1 (𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 )
𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 𝜋
33. Find the value of :tan−1 (𝑦) − tan−1 (𝑥+𝑦) 𝐴𝑛𝑠 . 4
√1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥2 𝜋 1
34. Prove the following : tan−1 (√1+𝑥 2 ) = + cos −1 𝑥 2
−√1−𝑥2 4 2
√1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
35. Prove that :cot −1 ( )=
√1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−√1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
−1 −1 −1 𝜋
36. If tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦 + tan 𝑧 = 2 , 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 > 0, then find the value of xy + yz + zx
−1 2 −1 2 5𝜋 2
37. If (tan 𝑥) + (cot 𝑥) = , then find x
8
−1 𝑥 −1 𝑦
38. If cos + cos = 𝛼, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∶ 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 4𝑦 2 = 36𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
2 3
𝜋 𝛼 𝜋 𝛽 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽
39. Show that :2tan−1 [tan (4 − 2 ) tan ( 4 − 2 )] = tan−1 (sin 𝛼+ sin 𝛽)
𝑥 1
40. Evaluate :cos−1 𝑥 + cos−1 (2 + 2 √3 − 3𝑥 2 )
41. Solve the following for x
a. 4sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = 𝜋
𝜋
b. sin−1 𝑥 − cos −1 𝑥 = 6
𝜋
42. If sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = , then find the value of cos −1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑦
2
 RELATION AND FUNCTION
1. Three relations R1, R2 and R3 are defined on set A = {a, b, c} as follows:
(i) R1 = {(a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (b, b), (b, c), (c, a), (c, b), (c, c)}
(ii) R2 = {(a, a), (b, a), (a, c), (c, a)}
(iii) R3 = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, a)}.
Find whether each of R1, R2 and R3 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
2. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is reflective but neither symmetric nor transitive.
3. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} is symmetric
but neither reflexive now transitive.
4. Check the following relations R and S for reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity :
(i) aRb iff b is divisible by a, b,  N
(ii) l1 Sl2 iff l1 ⊥ l2, where l1 and l2 are straight lie in a plane.
5. Let a relation R1 on the set R of real numbers be defined as (a, b)  R1  1 + ab > 0 for all
a, b  R.
Show that R1 is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
6. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Let R1 be a relation on X given by R1 = {(x, y) : x – y is
divisible by 3} and R2 be another relation on X given by R2 = {(x, y) : |x, y|  {1, 4, 7} or
{x, y}  {2, 5, 8} or {x, y}  {3, 6, 9}. Show that R1 = R2.
7. Let R be a relation on the set of all lines in a plane defined by
(l1, l2)  R  line l1 is parallel to line l2. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
8. Show that the relation is congruent to, on the set of all triangles in a plane is an equivalence
relation.
9. Show that the relation R defined on the set A of all triangles in a plane as
R = {(T1, T2) : T1 is similar to T2} is an equivalence relation.
10. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers numbers defined by (x, y)  R  x – y
is divisible by n is an equivalence relation on Z.
11. Show that the relation R on the set A of all the books in a library of a college, given by
R = {(x, y) : x and y have the same number of pages}, is an equivalent relation.
12. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, given by
R = {(a, b) : | a – b | is even}, is an equivalence relation.
Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each other and all the elements of {2,
4} are related to each other. But, no element of {1, 3, 5} is related to any element of {2, 4}.
13. Show that the relation R on the set A = {x  Z : 0  x  12}, given by
R = {(a, b) : | a – b | is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all
elements related to 1.
14. Show that the relation R on the set A of points in a plane, given by
 R = {(P, Q) : Distance of the point P from the origin is same as the distance of the point Q
from the origin}, is and equivalence relation. Further show that the set of all points related
to a point P  (0, 0) is the circle passing through P with origin as centre.
15. Prove that the relation R on the set N × N defined by (a, b) R (c, d)  a + d = b + c for all
(a, b), (c, d)  N × N is an equivalence relation.
16. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let R be a relation on N × N, defined by (a, b) R
(c, d)  ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d)  N × N. show that R is an equivalence relation on N ×
N.
17. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N  N defined by (a, b)
R (c, d)  ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Check whether R is an equivalence relation on N  N.
18. Prove that the relation ‘congruence modulo m’ on the set Z of all integers is an equivalence
relation.
19. Show that the number of equivalence elations on the set {1, 2, 3} containing (1, 2) and (2,
1) is two.
20. Given a non-empty set X, consider P(X) which is the set of all subsets of X. Define a
relation in P(X) as follows : For subset A, B in P(X), A R B if A  B. Is R an equivalence
relation on P(X) ? Justify your answer.
21. Show that the relation R defined by R = {(a, b): a - b is divisible by 3; a, b  Z} is an
equivalence relation.
22. Show that the relation R on the set Z of integers, given by R = {(a, b): 2 divides a - b), is an
equivalence relation.
23. Prove that the relation R on Z defined by (a, b)  R  a -b is divisible by 5 is an
equivalence relation on Z.
24. Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R on Z as follows: (a,b)  R  a - b is
divisible by n. Show that R is an equivalence relation on Z.
25. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R = {(a,b) : a, b  Z and a + b is even} is
an equivalence relation on Z.
26. m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m - n is divisible by 13. Does this
define an equivalence relation ?
27. Let R be a relation on the set A of ordered pair of integers defined by (x, y) R (u, v) iff xv =
yu. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
28. Show that the relation R on the set A = {x  Z;0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by R = {(a, b):a = b), is
an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
29. Let L be the set of all lines in XY-plane and R be the relation in L defined as R = {(L1, L2):
L1 is parallel to L2). Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines related
to the line y = 2x + 4.
30. Show that the relation R, defined on the set A of all polygons as
 R = {{P1, P2) : P1 and P2 have same number of sides), is an equivalence relation. What is
the set of all elements in A related to the right angle triangle T with sides 3,4 and 5?
31. Let O be the origin. We define a relation between two points P and Q in a plane if OP =
OQ. Show that the relation, so defined is an equivalence relation.
32. Let R be the relation defined on the set A = {1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7} by R = {(a, b): both a and b
are either odd or even}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Further, show that all the
elements of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7} are related to each other and all the elements of the
subset {2, 4, 6} are related to each other, but no element of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7} is related
to any element of the subset {2, 4, 6}.
33. Let S be a relation on the set R of all real numbers defined by S = {(a,b)  R x R : a2 + b2 =
1} Prove that S is not an equivalence relation on R.
34. Let Z be the set of all integers and Z0 be the set of all non-zero integers. Let a relation R on
Z × Z0 be defined as follows: (a, b) R (c, d)  ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d)  Z × Z0, Prove
that R is an equivalence relation on Z × Z0.
35. If R and S are relations on a set A, then prove that
(i) R and S are symmetric  R  S and R  S are symmetric
(ii) R is reflexive and S is any relation  R  S is reflexive.
36. If R and S are transitive relations on a set A, then prove that R  S may not be a transitive
relation on A.

FUNCTIONS:
37. Let A be the set of all 50 students of class XII in a central school. Let f : A → N be a
function defined by f(x) = Roll number of student x. Show that f is one-one but not onto.
38. Show that the function f : N → N, given by f(x) = 2x, is one-one but not onto.
39. Prove that the function f : R → R, given by f(x) = 2x, is one-one and onto.
40. Show that the function : R → R, defined as f(x) = x2, is neither one-one nor onto.
41. Show that f: R → R, defined as f(x) = x3, is a bijection.
1
42. Show that the function : R0 → R0, define as f(x) = , is one-one onto, where R0 is the set
x
of all non-zero real numbers. Is the result true, if the domain R0 is replaced by N with co-
domain being same as R0 ?
43. Prove that the greatest integer function f : R → R given by f(x) = [x], is neither one-one
onto, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x
44. Show that the modulus function f : R → R, given by f(x) = |x| is neither one-one nor onto.

45. Let C and R denote the set of all complex numbers and all real numbers respectively. Then
show that f : C → R given by f(z) = |z| for all z  C is neither one-one nor onto.
46. Show that the function f : R → R given by f(x) = ax + b, where a, b  R, a  0 is a bijection.
47. Show that the function f : R → R given by f(x) = cos x for all x  R, is neither one-one nor
onto.
x −1
48. Let A = R – {2} and B = R – {1}. If f : A → B is a mapping defined by f (x) = , show
x−2
that f is bijective.
x
49. Show that the function f : R → {x  R : -1 < x < 1} defined by f (x) = , x  R is one-
1+ | x |
one onto function.
50. Let A and B be two sets. Show that f : A × B defined by f(a, b) = (b, a) is a bijection.
51. Let A be any non-empty set. Then, prove that the identity function on set A is a bijection.
52. Show that the function f : R → R given by f(x) = x3+ x is a bijection.

n + 1
 2 , if nisodd
f(x) = 
 n , if nis even
53. Show that f : N → N defined by  2 is many-one onto
function.
54. Show that the function f : N → N given by f(n) = n – (-1)n for all n  N. is a bijection.
55. Let f : N – {1} → N be defined by f(n) = the highest prime factor of n
56. Show that f is neither one-one nor onto. Find the range of f.
57. Let f : N  {0} → N  {0} be defined by
n + 1, if n is even
f (n) = 
n − 1, if n is odd Show that f is a bijection.
58. Let A be a finite set. If f : A → A is a one-one function, show that f is onto also.
59. Let A be a finite set. If f : A → A is an onto function, show that f is one-one also.
60. Let A = {1, 2}. Find al one-to-one functions from A to A.
61. Consider the identity function IN : N → N defined as IN(x) = x for all x  N.
62. Show that although IN is onto but IN + IN : N → N defined as (IN + IN) (x) = IN(x) + IN(x)
= x + x + 2x is not onto.
63. Consider the function f : [0, /2] → R given by f(x) = sin x and g : [0, /2] → R given by
g(x) = cos x. Show that f and g are one-one, but f + g is not one-one.
64. Let f : X → Y be a function. Define a relation R on X given by R = {(a, b) : f(a) = f(b)}.
Show that R is an equivalence relation on X
65. Let f : N → R be a function defined as f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15. Show that f : N → Range (f)
is invertible. Find the inverse of f.
 x
66. Show that f : [-1, 1] → R, given by f(x) = is one-one. Find the inverse of the function f
x+2
: [-1, 1] → Range (f).

CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥<0
1. Examine the function defined by f(x) ={ for continuity at x = 0.
𝑥
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥=0
2. Show that the function f(x) = 2x −|𝑥| is continuous at x = 0.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥≠0
3. Let f(x) ={ 𝑥 . Show that f is continuous at x = 0.
2, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 =0
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑥>1
4. If the function f(x) = { 11, 𝑥 = 1 is continuous at x =1 , find the values of a and
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 𝑥<1
b.
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑎𝑥
, 𝑥≠0
5. Find the value of a so that the function f defined by f(x) ={ 𝑥2 may be
8, 𝑥=0
continuous at x = 0.
𝜋
6. For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = − 6 ?

√3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
𝜋 , 𝑥 ≠ −6
𝑥+
f(x)= { 6
𝜋
𝑘 , 𝑥 = −6

7. Find the value of k for which the function f defined by

√1+𝑘𝑥−√1−𝑘𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
f(x) ={ 2𝑥+1𝑥 is continuous at x = 0 .
, 𝑖𝑓 0≤𝑥<1
𝑥−1

8. Discuss the continuity of the following function at x = 0

𝑥 4 +2𝑥 3 +𝑥 2
, 𝑥≠0
f(x)= { tan−1 𝑥
0, 𝑥=0
9. Find the values of ‘k’ for which the function f defined by as
𝜋
𝑘 sin 2 (𝑥 + 1), 𝑥 ≤ 0
f(x)= { 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is continuous at x =0 .
3
𝑥 = 0
𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
, 𝑥<0
𝑥2
10. If the function f defined by f(x) = 𝑎, 𝑥 = 0 is continuous at x = 0, find the
√𝑥
, 𝑥>0
{√16+√𝑥−4
value of a.
 𝑥−4
|𝑥−4|
+ 𝑎, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥<4
11. If f(x) = 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 4 is continuous at x = 4, then find the values of a and b.
𝑥−4
{|𝑥−4| + 𝑏, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥>4
sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥<0
𝑥
12. If the function f defined by f(x) = 𝑐, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 is continuous at x = 0, then
√𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 −√𝑥
3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥>0
{ 𝑏𝑥 2
find the values of a, b and c.
13. Discuss the continuity of the function f defined by f(x) =|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| at x =1 and x
=2
sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
, 𝑥<0
𝑥
14. If f(x) = 2, 𝑥 = 0 is continuous at x =0, then find the values of a and b.
√1+𝑏𝑥−1
{ , 𝑥>0
𝑥
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥≠
𝜋−2𝑥 2
15. Find the value of the k so that the function f defined by f(x) = { 𝜋 is
3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥= 2
𝜋
continuous at x = 2 .
16. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is continuous but not differentiable at x=
3.
17. For what value of a and b, is the function
𝑥2, 𝑥 ≤ 𝑐
𝑓(𝑥) = { differentiable at x= c?
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑥 > 𝑐
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑥 ≤ 1
18. If the function f defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { is derivable, then find the
𝑏𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 > 1
values of a and b.
19. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 1| in the
interval (-1, 2).
20. Examine the function f defined by
𝑥[𝑥], 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝑓(𝑥) = { for continuity and differentiability at x= 2.
(𝑥 − 1)𝑥, 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

Find the Derivative of the following functions:

1. sec(tan √𝑥)
2. 2√cot(𝑥 2 )
3. cos(𝑥 3 )𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥 5 )
2 tan 𝑥 2
4. (tan 𝑥+cos 𝑥)
 sec 𝑥+1
5. √sec 𝑥−1

1−tan 𝑥
6. √1+tan 𝑥

√𝑥 2 +1−𝑥
7. √𝑥 2 +1+𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑛𝑦
8. If 𝑦 = (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )𝑛 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 +𝑎2
.

9. |𝑥 2 − 5|
𝜋
10. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥|, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ ( 6 ).

11. Differentiate |sin 𝑥|. Is this function differentiable?

𝑥
cos−1
2
12.
√2𝑥+7
𝑑 𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
13. Prove that 𝑑𝑥 (2 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 𝑎) = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 .
2
1−cos 𝑥
14. tan−1 ( )
sin 𝑥

1+sin 𝑥
15. tan−1 (√1−sin 𝑥)

√1+𝑥 2 −1
16. tan−1 .
𝑥
𝑥−𝑥 −1
17. cos−1 (𝑥+𝑥 −1 )
√1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥 2
18. tan−1 (√1+𝑥 2 )
− √1−𝑥 2

5𝑥 1 1 𝑑𝑦 2 3
19. If 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−6𝑥 2 ) , − <𝑥< , then prove that 𝑑𝑥 = + 1+9𝑥 2.
√6 √6 1+4𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
20. If 𝑥 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) + sin 𝑎 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) = 0, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = .
sin 𝑎

𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
21. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦), prove that 𝑑𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 .
2
22. tan (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
√𝑥+1+√𝑥−1
23. log [ ]
√𝑥+1−√𝑥−1

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
24. log √ .
1−𝑒 2𝑥

2𝑥+1
25. sin−1 1+4𝑥
2𝑥+1 .3𝑥
26. sin−1 ( 1+36𝑥 )
 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦−𝑥
27. If log √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = tan−1 𝑦, then show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦+𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
28. If 𝑦√𝑥 2 + 1 = log(√𝑥 2 + 1 − 𝑥) prove that (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 1 = 0.

tan−1 𝑥.(𝑥 2 +1)

29. √ sin 𝑥 3

−𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
30. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥 log 𝑦−𝑦)
31. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑥 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = .
𝑥(𝑦 log 𝑥−𝑥)
(sin 𝑥)……∞ 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 cot 𝑥
32. If 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)(sin 𝑥) , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = .
1−log 𝑦

1+𝑥
33. Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 (sin √ ) + 𝑥 𝑥 at x=1.
2

𝑑𝑦
34. If 𝑦 = (log 𝑥)𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 log 𝑥
35. If 𝑥 = 𝑒 cos 2𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin 2𝑡 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑦
−1 𝑥
36. Differentiate 𝑥 sin w.r.t sin−1 𝑥.
1 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
37. If 𝑥 = tan (𝑎 log 𝑦) , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 − 𝑎). 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦) 𝑑2 𝑦
38. If 𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) = cos 𝑦 , then prove that 𝑑𝑥 = . Hence show that sin 𝑎 . 𝑑𝑥 2 +
sin 𝑎
𝑑𝑦
sin 2(𝑎 + 𝑦). 𝑑𝑥 = 0.

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE
1. The side of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. At what rate its
area increasing when the side of the triangle is 20 cm.
2. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of
3 cm/sec. how fast is the area decreasing when two equal sides are equal to the base?
2 1
3. A man, 2 m tall, walks at the rate of 1 3 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 towards a street light which is 5 3 𝑚
above the ground. At what rate is the trip of his shadow moving? At what rate is the
1
length of his shadow changing when he is 3 3 𝑚 from the base of light?
4. Water is leaking from a conical funnel at the rate of 5 𝑐𝑚3 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐. If the radius of the
base the funnel is 10 cm and its height is 20 cm, find the rate at which the water level is
dropping when it is 5 cm from the top.
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
5. Find whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos (2𝑥 + 4 ) , <𝑥< is strictly increasing or
8 8
decreasing for the stated values of x.
6. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 5.
 2𝑥
7. Prove that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log(1 + 𝑥) − 𝑥+2 is strictly increasing throughout its
domain.
8. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥 − cos 3𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 is strictly increasing or
strictly decreasing.
9. Find the absolute maximum and minimum value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 +
sin 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋].
10. Find the local maxima and local minima of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 <
2𝜋. Also find the local maximum and local minimum values.
11. A sheet of paper for a poster is 1.5 𝑚2 in area. The margins at the top and bottom are to
be 6 cm wide and at the sides, 4 cm wide. What should be the dimensions of the sheet to
maximize the printed area.
12. If the sum of lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right triangle is given, show that
𝜋
the area of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is 3 .
13. ABC is a right-angled triangle of given area k. find the sides of the triangle for which the
area of the circumscribed circle is least.
14. A point on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is at distance a and b from the sides.
3/2
Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is (𝑎2/3 + 𝑏 2/3 ) .
15. Show that the height of a cylinder, which is open at the top, having a given surface and
greatest volume, is equal to the radius of the base.
16. Show that the semi vertical angle of the cone of the maximum volume and of the given
1
slant height is cos −1 .
√3
17. Show that the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a circle of radius r is a
square of side √2𝑟.
18. AB is a diameter of a circle and C is any point on the circle. Show that the area of
triangle ABC is maximum, when it is isosceles.
19. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the
perimeter of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle so that it may
produce the largest area of the window.
20. Find the equation of the line through the point (3,4) which cuts from the first quadrant a
triangle of minimum area.
21. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be
4𝑟
inscribed in a sphere of radius r is . Also show that the maximum volume of the cone is
3
8/27 of the volume of the sphere.
22. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which
can be inscribed in a given right circular cone is half that of the cone.
𝑥2 𝑦2
23. Find the area of the greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 1.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
1. Minimize and maximize 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦, subject to the constraints:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 60, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
2. Maximize 𝑍 = 34𝑥 + 45𝑦 subject to constraints:
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 70, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
3. Minimize 𝑍 = 2.5 𝑥 + 𝑦 subject to constraints:
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 15, 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
4. Minimize 𝑍 = 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 20 subject to constraints:
𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 2, 𝑥 ≥ 3, 𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
5. Find the maximum and minimum values of 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 2𝑦, subject to the constraints:
−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ −6, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 2, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12, −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
6. Minimize: 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to the constraints 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 6; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
7. Minimize: 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦
Subject to the constraints 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 8, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
8. Maximize: 𝑍 = 6𝑥 + 3𝑦
Subject to the constraints: 4𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 80, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 150, 𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 115; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
9. Find the minimum and maximum values of the objective function: 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 9𝑦
Subject to the constraints: 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 60, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 10, 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
10. Find the maximum value of 𝑍 = 2𝑥 + 5𝑦
Subject to the constraints: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 6, 𝑦 ≤ 1; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
11. Minimize and maximize 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦, subject to the constraints: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120, 𝑥 +
𝑦 ≥ 60, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
12. Maximize 𝑍 = 34𝑥 + 45𝑦 subject to constraints:
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 70, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
13. Minimize 𝑍 = 2.5 𝑥 + 𝑦 subject to constraints:
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 15, 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
14. Minimize 𝑍 = 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 20 subject to constraints:
𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0, −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 2, 𝑥 ≥ 3, 𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
15. Find the maximum and minimum values of 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 2𝑦, subject to the constraints:
−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ −6, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 2, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12, −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3; 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.