LY BAN ROA HOG XX HOL VIET Nast VIgN DAN TOC AOC * CAM TRONG NGUOT THAI O TAY BAC VIET NAM NHAXUAT BAN KHOA HOC XA HOT HANOI ~ 3878GY BAN KHOA Hoc XX HOL vier Nast VIBN DAN TOC HOC % CAM TRONG NGUOI THAI O TAY BAC VIET NAM NHAXUAT BAN KHOA ROG KA HOT HA NOL ~ 1978Lor Gior THIET Ngeoi tists cw ats 88 dong io 8 mito tay Bev cing tbo pin cht yée-cin ofag Bias ngool Thal noe Ge chink GoGo toe Kis Soi Gian ho € dey che vung nit Thea, Hex Tot nsoog Hf. dng Tung, Sing aphy ig mo Fong hen mia nah ay ing gato Bal day thbag ef Ws ne thus a ‘ogi dl bn ph tin no plu ques ong (Qui trink hin thumb nguoi That 6 Tay Be sie la Th mot qud tah Iau dai ma din ew tog 46, ngodi nny ahom Thy ~ Thai eb, ele nhom 166 fnguol Khde, shag nguoi Thil ai ew 88y vio thot SPrwge sou the by XI lye leong quan trong Chinh phge ede thang long, to mtn mhiew can dong niu mn nb léng voit nheng chien cOng oaah Ue thong ngoal slim, Voi sin ust ung eghiep pbalt frida 0a, d9t frinh a bd, xo MoU cong abe ein hon vit chit va fink thn @% Ldn mgah dln trong Tong ait nuge Vigt Nam mi shoag y6e 16 phone phi cla nd khong ebI YOu tal Wong pboag. tye fain, truyéa kt da glam, eon dae gb chip Leong bits ede b, ta bong vom qug hiew tty & able aan te It aged Kote Vide aghlan cou vB ngubi TAii O& dave chi lugng rong abit glat dons lib si. DUK che 66tay asec atuapien ee o2 gt Tal wha eda in he use ay on usm Ngiei Padi 6 Tay Bde Viet Nam che ang chi Cim Trong duge bign soen da tren nhong yeu cau moi ola vige nghite ca ve agedl Thi ‘Tuy teiok bay 8 mbibuintt ot sing daa. toe, hung tic git a8 di stu aghien ci abitng” Lie gnb Khe thaw ve cle quan Be Kinh Ie Rt ha tude diy. la ahiag vin 2 deng dye thang gud lam edn tac anh dgo, chi dgo cae chp va shUng gest lam otng the Ij luge unm tame Co the no ta daa Gen ahidu vin de v8 ab Naw Cat fai, cohé a phan bd rugng tokn mebng® age tna Diy 6 i thong. qaw do lin bitw 290 dt cae 0g sugng cong & ages ‘That Tay Bae tree nghy a hing. leat rugng emang dank nghia Is eda chun, thug Ia do bai tap doan ngw ai hap abate 2 dang. trong a6 sheng quy the, ngudi che 06 suyén chitim dyge rang Gat t6t, chiém duge of se lao dong eta nhas dé, eon ohing nwo! ne dug th cht co rudng xia va bie giat ke hong tr} Boe 16t sce tno Ab0g. Se phan hes gute to agi cing Mog vt sug cong ida hah aon te do tog tsp qu} te théag rl chip nghy cing ahite pinehifene Sin myong gin itu vos she quan he xf boi 86, ‘Mong vor tinh chit 1a" che at hol gbia mite cip khie nat: mudng long, mung ques, wubog pia. mudng cheu da co va! tro gun’ tag tne, bin phoi rung dit, 1b chee lam thiy To eg hldu vite chung'da git ofp thcag trl lm, Xue la ehbw anong Ih dow sj hal chu Voi tidy dinb phong kien ohn use Bon guy te whi chat BO may modag vo ahtug guy t0c ed che od quséa lin guy tee khong co Guyen dtu c6 dke loi Nhin din lao dong. nao thong néng dene thats cin ed Ung ivy cabug ‘he. Trong tag thd} ky ke aba, gil ely ting {01 44 bude phitak dung ahong his thie boe 1 bie nbau. Sy bign Oi 86 cing Ik bing bign adi ve quan Bf kinh 16 ~ 4 hoi du lan eho tang lop xong mhse oo nhtng thay ddl. Caelogi cubug 5.4.5 lin Jugt xadt hips Vemél quac he Ue ng tra not, abida nhom aguol tkube ngéa ng Mor home a d2u din. hoa vio ngwii That trong god sink wbeog bitn @Bi edo quan hp klnh x8 otto, ‘Tie gid 44 ob dung ubtng tw itu & Ata phizong, stu len duoe qui rink Dida €8i eich mang ving ‘peudi Thai tarkbi of Bing Ung ain lana S90, ‘Tac gid cong 48 sé dyag ahiog nguda tr ibw knee ahaw nhu de dita eu tra, ee a) gia aint, tin agubng, van nghe dan glam a8 hm sang v0 cae vin db tren. Song sy dong gop cla tie phfin ohn 3 chah agudn te Leu phoag pha su then dee te rong cng tue dién di ahibu nam var nbtngstol so ria els dn toe com igh Liv ugut toit tin Sin te Thai, vot kd adng oghien eva cia rah, tie gik dW Khai thae duoc abtng tw litu gay. ma ngudi khic Kho 6 tht co duoe mhing diva kita ‘hub et Nbong ign ché ofa tke phte dong nhitn hiy ebm sma trong itu kien nghita cou sie tie git Ube ity Khl con lk can botco quan oghién cut eda Kha (Tay Bao) ik cd dieu kien en han agbien cew dan os hbe Uhl AL Ik Kho kde phys, Néa tie lb co Aidu Kien tim hits wbiing vin db e6 lian quan denat oy ap stad dean 11 senate 28 Sl eh SR 2 Sou oc an Sore woe Una OA gg pond POG NOD ‘ or ee none hae oS SM om ite 5. goon that 2 Pag Be TA GPE pam et TEs ge rane ap mot Th Ne ong ty OE Fe Ea Fae aE gk aco ih a0 2 lobo agit ee os oso a6 Tug vet cod bu ver A Bh Tn Nowot Tht & Tay Be w Rf any manh oghien cre Nam Beng oor rbad noi ieng eee 342 108 re nga Taba Wb nid in trong EVE tay kde 06 git th vue te, pH fy whe, EL yp che dan tbe st agwei, Boceng eee nag ee igs buen chin atch din. ee sy 08 BED pp ave (rong us rink ae edb os Dang 7 ng ngeo nan ge bos. tén En CoE 2a Micon so ebat ita chine fa axte, se eg 8h om = ade ue Nam dng F978 int vir BANG ‘didn trading Vign Dan the hoe LOL TUA (Seo nit nme mt it. ct ee ee ma ab seh Ses TH sen ah on aoe, Nha za Bn, hes ay Bh Ne toe an oe #8 tos 30 fat ban nn 278 ee pe nk ge wet leg eH et te aot ne Mt BE Aa eg ae ie Tl nt od ah ee tet ed itn Bat oe Nth en ty, eb 28 ep gt ng ON fe ng TD fe 1s at Be 1 a ert an eo ec demi «28 a ees gt Tn pte A ae nh Sit i on, eg En Se ah ya ag a ig cic po on gin a. 18 1 a Baa a a a head a Tra, me ES pita nie oF en tain te 8 po ee ean ea MO an, 2a be See nen cog da Toil Tobe 1 ta ee ap pa ie ho 8M 5 8 ah as ape et ae raph yn tn eK itn co atc ang th ie Dn 1a ho, tnt we ag a Chg genie a abn et ne a bon oeeh tt a ne ean gu 9 a eTng 0 $a ad tna he Tgp te diedo ning oa OP tude cb fy et seh Tel nn mW it Se ee cy bee orcad 8 Sa hon LAE se ot m6 hike thie nm, xin néo ning mat bibu hen nh sinh quan ei 8 teng ‘ng te trong da be dn te This quahang ehge WH hj. N60 trang thé i hte phn dink oo 8 Kink 12 — 2d hi 8 tinh Bay & phn trén Mt Khder 3! cing triah big o8 mbt ayn thing sinh 8 dep cbr dan Go. on dae S'S thy deve de thm mela ho qua nen nghé thudt @ trugeh, of alge ak dang ge ngi win foe didn dat te ting, tinh cim, phn dak hin the ENG changes Phat 10 ten ede on 8 bien BL nas ade trong sd Mfi Thai far bat eb Bang Ging sda UEnh dan, XO hoi Thal 4 By tet bade trong se tri tog eda hang ehue thé i) Guo eht diate, tk thém deh tng tri tan boo fie de gic Php ngét trdm nim, Debt a tinkdo (he Binge sE hGi Tha 43 hon toon dare gl ping. fh dang cing od marke ofing bebe ttn théng ten fend nghte x Nl, O8 gna gle dogn tr bin eh nga Ticée nhy vot vt dal dé el e6 1 thre hién deve hi me dn te Ut mgd Biz 8p tho sme nhiing tr tating cla chi ngite Mde~ Lénin. Din the db 4 fob nbiing pin ti wit cde mink gia nip Ding Cong sin, tn thdnh mbfug hat nbd Un dao cde mang, die dia phsong cing céi mide kidng ngtena fién ln gidnh RO thdng toi nd An thing Tot hc. ‘Gc win & md iin ace AB ep tr 18 1G thd rng Bt votti, Tht qu thdt 1a khd kin 6 cing. Vorbink dd Ket wee ham oht, 16 43 pit em tt Lune ge vd tril tim eka mink hadng ot Ping fe dn the wd qud hicerag, ® cb dpe mét sie man. long oot dite abting tr gst trée Avong ten tt in the phi abe cab s8ch nl Kin chin thin eden on ede ding chi trong Ban endp hank Khe Bing 3 Téy BAe of, ede ddng chi Sap tp ede tinh Son La, Lat Cha, Hoang Lien Som {fa btt long ala att, foo mol du kign cho tt ted thi te, gf cae sch md hin thank edm-on ede ar, eyo cha, mg ‘antng ageoi a cing 18! suStngiy thou dé nghien aoe naot Thi, gaa ning pho sich Bing che Spon thin gly bia dd nau ndl, nhing age dt Indng tgs cong. ie wo, Kady edt nf (0b gid se ee khing tinh toon hon tht, thal my val vd we tdpho 16 aking dtu co Bin nit ct rl, fais ob 2 edu trie aye can séchsun enan tanh cm tog ch Nog Khénd Toa, aa ner) tle ab cl te, 98 Bn ay gee Se dies ting bd. Zin ef on nao a Lea Fhe Prades ede anh Tri Quyet, Hodng Van Xi, Ue pheong, ning ngirbt ad cb c6ng tun 261 cho dot td, 8 cho cud sick nd. tin chin think cire on Nha zut bin Khoo hoe En tm in at ete eno mat ‘Cadi cing, néo ne eum adeh nd cin sat et oh we bdo Bp ca Sn cin i 1a Noi, ngiy § hing 12 nm 197, Te gid: Chat THONG PHAN THO witkT NGUOI THAI O TAY BAC VIfT NAM Wy Ghana wi hitu ngedl Th 6 Viet Nom trons neie hs CP gingwot. Than mgt ThA c6 adi ‘Ldn con tOn ph abe AUD pay eng o@ ogling Ov 69008 Al At 8Ngon ngtt Tail hitn nay duoe x€p vio nlm tgng Tat yen got at oc Reem En Moe cag he ngon ngit Thai & mitm Thy Ble vor a nom: Lao, Ly, Tey, Ning. Gidy, Putas Va Jos! hinh th® chi, efing bw cde te nge bien Simi tren d8t node ta, nguoi Thai huge thon wen Bin Nam A. tid ching Nam Monggon, nfm ong a ching toe Monggolat (Mongoloidessin Tutti DERG! ubdng Eh no nani ta ddng pnd dom erie mot vit: Tag theo eghia nay phdi ridt how i not ty i That 8 muon. IP 7M, 70L sable ng rang ght gla ase NOE nooo (ree tong dng ving ae ge uel PHA maar, a MIL eto tng Tats Se GBR, YU chi W6 UD hong he ae OnE Cae CD og od 8 gotta tay Ca, yea SP Mung Vo get Fay Yat cg coe eee Fe Blog). Tay theo ugha niy Kody Cai Si $388 2 go! 1k Tha, Bay la oy chuybo hoa phy are Meng nit Cob ity 5 fe endo thins Tea {tog Paby phitn dn it Thuy doe aL ee sin Lich ab Vid am, gp hoa hoe x8 ol Vigt Samy Nc sade Men Roe serene gcteh inh bay sia La Vin Lo Diag Nghiem Von Vee eae 57 Nereis tite cic nhée adn cae Pas Ne TNS Spud git? 20 5 hk Lhou hoe et truvag tp ete Moca aM Méne That (Tay ~ Tha v4 Vigt ween ae BF chung ota nheng ngon nett Nor wo dag Ac nb bly cin Ngurén Lish ting ex. diag an aM BOGE Don mtv BO cae tan aude age eae ‘Nut bln Kboa hoo a3 hgh, Ha NOG, 1073, tr 98° % 1 NHONG BAC TRUNG co BAN 1. Ngwei Thal & Tay Bie 14 mot bo.phon cin din te Vigt Nam. ¥ thwe quse gia Vist Nam thong nhét # ho da co ta lau dei. Dong bao te wise hg le ageei Thai cha View Nam hay Ia ngwai Vigt (ein Viet), Trang strat tayét nit v8 O61 eda mis ho cé nan ti athe hin con sng, Net ee ay so a Nam i he PLAC TO, cates a to dy hn tt ai Na hg mia Song Bt cbng Ntsone Nig 0, Nain Navn ko di ws ich Hye ng as : Nios Hs th, tn tray Chu i mot i vou teang eh muti Lang cee ea oc Hg. 8 oe "ben eo Lp That TCD, mien Tay: Dle dupe 48 ton fa chau Daag va cha Lat Taps Va Gea ®lm Lang “a ‘rong. Nguyén How Ung (D New. Goi. Voki Tinh, Cam Trong. Ng 7 Gie te ngroi & Ten Bio Vide Nam, Ban dan tge Tay Bee re Han nan reChong Phién Tee thie 2 (1067), vdo min sadn. Nowra Hag Nhu vay, qué trink dung née, hay nél cach khdc la qoa trinh dau trank yOi thin mhien 2 « xay bin, deng Inirong » (téng hin, da muréng), 44 dea ngwoi Thi gia hap quiée gia théng nbat Viet Nam. Va efing la gop phan 48 hinh think dan tge-Viet Nam, Ding bio dé co truyBn thing doan kel voi cée din te anh em, dc biét Id voi nguil inh, d2 d&u trank ching rngoni xim, bho v6 dat nade. hoi Kf nude ta bi phong kién pheong Ble thong tuig mign Tay Ble ska ej il 70 cng hide #2, con, gui, sy dling chm, Dat kbudt, ke tha a nhiéo Tan iiiog vi Ie dan 4p, kbaAt phys, ahwng rat eve vin wo ngosi vongsgeong ta eda ching. Digu phiny doin mi {ie chong fo qua 98 tha nhin ela vitn thai tha Pho Hoving noi Towa Qube): Cat dy i 4a tem 1, mgt Dir Lo hay bao tdi ahive d@i RASng. pu» © @ Hong Vish Chink trong cain Heng.Aéa zit phong ti lo (thé Kf XVILD obo Ngwe Hong gisng Ai Lao. v8 agin ng, van Uy. phong tus lp qutn, do dé c6'th8 coi Newu Tiong await This 1G) Vigt a thing dee strong mute, Phe 3-28. (9) Qudon 73 meng. Mudng Mud () Thor Tam Quse, nim 271 voa Ngo Ton Hiyo sai Do Hodng sang dan this ths lao Chi ahe'Tén 1b Duoag 6 DSi vot KE the tht anh dong. bit khoft, fu Ubi ase diege ge itp, mtn Tay Bide hit tri €6 yi 9 Si Ghe git cho ede trim nie git nie pen, An ng mide thong dildos then idm ehit ‘ThE KF the XV. khong phi ng nbien mi Nyuy8n Teh Jel yigh vt Hung Ha trong gp Dir dla elt rang: ¢-- di 1a ait phén gin thie hat (4 ng! phia dy .%, aba sb khong e Xe Khi Nam diy gle trong vice chéng sige Minh Tay Be. Sam la thi lah nyweos This & Moe Claw a dem nghia quan theo Lé Lg! anh dudi qui 2am lage, gidt phoog €2t nude "The ky XVII, Hoing Coog Coit ahs ra cbt © tap bop rong din a2 chong ché dG phong kign thot ai’. Nheng en Tay Wo, nga thi link nong daa ney aa kip U9! tye hit nbiam va dep gs Phe, Pong. d8 gti pong Din muting. Clog vi le €5 ma ngadl Thi, tea Biba Ie ong Nai, tng Khanh, && theo Hoang Ging Chit, gitp Hoobng bién Tay Ble think ett dia chéag vita 6 Le-Trinb. (Cubi tbe mf XIX, dng tre ep xh Jong eda A que Phap, Ang bao di ding trong, posi kbiog chiéa, theo Dao Hoing thing, nade ta thuge Ngo, Dho Hoang diye vos Ngo ct git cbue that thi. Hin a& tang c&t quan dt danh ngeoi Di, Lo G ede qugn V8 Binh, Coa Chin va Tan Hung (rang "TRY Ble nghy aay) ~ nem Tan tr Blo Hoang Irae. dat ena g, bien nay ngued Hin & mitn Tay Bie gidp vot tinh Van Nam vin got che din (fe Mla Nhi, Lo LO (huge aliom ngon ngo Tang ~ Mien 1k Di va got nguo! Thit Ta Li “iay A Lio mot tdn phat. tm chgeh ela Ly. Ve sau ten LL Lio dpe thay thd bing thn PX y Uigsh Sea m & iio Sem, thing 10-173. () Nguyin BA Thing. Phi Thien Hung trl, Ngusén Bh Tong Ih mot danh nko w3i ting cube 464 Fede sang Aoi HB. Ong e6 len Infta Tay Bic. vi Tim bal phi dB nol v8. aK rita Tay glia dgp v4 anh ding abs TD que. antelogon eo Ci rutong ein Ton TH&t Thayéts Neu Quang Bich dish gige cud déo eing. Ho 4 dah nhiog tron bi tiéag ow & Chu Gidy, Son Tay, Tuyta Quang, én kei ¢@ Bing Hanh deo, teuyén thtng inh gic cira nude & ho cing duge phét buy manh me hon. ign Bien Phil oni hing, rBi dén vige gop xirong méu ‘wong sw nghitp chdng MY ciru nude vita qua la dinh cao cia truyn thong git nirve eta ho. Cho nen khi noi v8 ya 16 hinh thank dan toe Viet Nam, dng chi V6 Nguyen Gisp trong bai Size manh v6 dich cia chién tranh nhén dan Viet Nam trong théi dat dt ai tug két : €... Dan toe Viet Nam ta la mot dase toe 06 lich si may nghin naam dang micde wi gt med Khde uit nhieu dan the, 6 d6 se hink think din tic gin , Wan vdi me tan ra cila ché dé phong kién vd se ra tai cia chi nghta te bin, dante Viet Nam ta da bat dia hink thank tit nbitng thet dai rat xa cua trong qud trink dau tank vd thién nhién, vd dai tranh chong ngoai xdm d2 song cin vi phat tritn..» ‘That véy, do du tranh chéng thién nhien vi déu tanh chéng ngoai xm, nén mi8n Tay Bac cia Viet Nam. 4@ tre thinh qué Ineong Iau dei cia nguei Thai. Die trueng eu bin ciia ho la thanh phiin ei dan toe Vigt Nam. 2. Newoi Thai co mot gon mge thong nha. Khi so sinh gia ngon ngit Thai voi ngon ng cia che nhom Tay, Ning, Lio, Lir, Gidy, Pa Na... 06 thd ket luge 46 1a ohiing ngon ngit c6 chung mot eéi ngudn, Bao Whim Déa si ra ngiy 20 va B1e12-1974. 43 Ngon ngi Thai, mhdt la Théi ed, c6 fink hwdng rit quan ‘irong trong vige hinh thinh ngon ngé Vigt e3, Ngon ng may 06 midy de treng eo bin: ting ‘adi don im, e6 thank diga (€0 exo th'p cia tie e6 patn Digt ¥ nghta) va cfu tao cau theo thit tr: cehit ng — wh ait — cic think phn hie». Trir nhiing cau thuoe ménh gah thie, con it eo lnueng hop nguoe the te nay. 55 Gido due Khu uy tri Tay Bie trong nbitng nim 1966 — 1964 ki tién hinh thing nhét va edi Hen chir da di dén mot nbn dinh ring: tiéng That Tay bie 1a mét piurong ngon- cia ngon ng That. Mae die ed hin ving thd ngiF nieng né la mét phirong ngon, nen co bin Ta thong abit. Nhw su théng nhit 46, ding hio 4% ding phuong ngon ny d2 bida thi tw duy vi trao, Oi voi nhaw rat vOng rai, Lr ving hvu ngan song Hong én onitn teu ve song Mi, LF min Moc Chan dén vung Phong Thd... Var ty That BAU ngudn tir be eit Phan? Quem t6 mudng cha Mutag La di ghi nhén Ta tee khi Tao Xuong, Tao Ngiin lim chi ait Muromg Om, Mudny Ai & mign thuong song Hng thi ngwoi Thai da 6 ch dB ghi chép cic tap tue, 18 nghi tOn gido. Nhu (1) Kem bio eio v2 thing nhfl chi Thii cia Si Gito aye ‘iw ty tr) Thy Bhe~ 1996, (2 Theo Pang Nghitm Ven cbs thich trong Quim 1 mudng ‘hi cht phan od & min Nam dB}, di hea hin tng ral malen Bong Nam A Chiu khong thé kj tha Vs the VE Cong ‘nguyen (theo Louis Finol —Recherches sur ta litereture Laotian (BEFEO. dot. & Thit Lan, cha nay dage Rama Keceng Bb hong vi dieu ebinh Ii vio thé k} the XIIL, Lao Pha Ng mang 161 va ghd hign vOng edi vio th 16\,éy 6 th8 cho ring tude thé kf XI—Xil, hie nginty Navel Thai Den che thién di xudng mign Tay Bie tht leh nd da duge ding trong cic ox dain cd eta ho. ‘Dén thé. kf XU — XIV doi Lo Let Ibm chi dat pfwong Mudi (Thuan Chau), chi Thai & doe phd bién ring rii hon trong bin matmg), Dic diém cia cach ef tgo chit That r&t théng nti. {96 li oat chi ghép van chr khong phai theo hé théng jong hink bu kiéa chit Hin. Bit vay nd eb hé thong Jphu am va oguyén im a2 ghép lei thanh tiéng. Nhin ching hé théng pho am va nguyen Am do eb méy dhe Liten nine sau — Phu am durge biu thi mot ky higus khong ¢6 ky hhigu ghép phu am nhwe PH, TR, Ci... Phu am doc theo fan O, vi da B doc lt BO. Méimot pho am e5 hat feich vit khéc nhau d2 Diu thi mét du thanh chad, jva mi thanb chuan Sy lai divoc doc thinh hai thank Ikhie. Vi du phu im D doe la DO— phu am thanh ehudin hp khi doc s€ c6: DO, DO, DO va pho am thank Ichun cao khi doe s8 6 DO, DO, DO. Nbw vay trong Ikhi tigng c6 6 thanh thi trong chit moi biéw thi dage 12 than, 4 thanh khde chwa e6 ky higu & cht. Do do ldoc chit Thai Id dge chi khong dia. Ngwbi doe muda hhigu nghia mot céch chink. xte thi bude phai thao Wiéng Thai, — Tit ci nguyén am cing cht ©6 mot ky higa, khong leo traimg hop ghép nguyen am nbw ia, i ua, wan. IKhi doc, ete nguyén Am (trit nguyén im 0) drge ghép ‘voi phu 'ém K, vi du A dge It KAWIA doe la RIA... Vi tricia céc nguyén am duoc d¥t thing nbét. Vi duz nguyén am O (KO) bao giv efing dt sau phy am — (©) Gud 15 mung, bin ieng ‘Thai cia Mong Mud 20 KO s8 viét 1a OK va KONG s€ viét 1 OKNG. Nguyen fn Abbao glo efing d8t trae ph tm —KA a8 vigt KA va KANG-cfing viét nhwr vay. — Dic bigt nguyén 4m O duge xép vio he théng phu fam, No vita dong vai phy ém, lai vita dong vai nguyén 4m. Vi du khi ma6n vigt A thi phai ghép nguyen am O & bea canh A(O-+A.=A), nhw vay O déng vai ‘nur pha dm (phu dm gid). Trét lai, NON thi ky higu 8 MN+OLN, chit 0 & day dong vai nguyen dra, Lai eb frabmy hop hue ONG thi 0 s8 via la phy dm, via It nguyen am, ky high I O40-+NG. Khée wi nguyén am IKiée, nguyén dm O khong dgc Ii KO mi vin dge 18 0. Be ghép van, chir Théi chi c6 8 phu am tan cing 1B, C, D, BM, N, NG, V. Ngon ngit la mot aie trung 4B phin bigt gia ioe ngubi niy voi toe ngwei Khe, Nguoi ‘Thai ahi c6 rngon.ngit mA hgp think mot nhbm te ngwoi. Va cling nhi ngon ngit ma ho da cb phuong tign dB phat trién: tw duy, kink t& vin hoa, xi hoi. Nety nay ngon_ngit That dang duege “khuyén kich phat trifn, ‘Van fy Thii dang durge nghién eta phiéa.im cing he v6i chi quée ngtt. 3. Ngwoi Thai e6 chung mot tam ly bitu hign vd che mst van he ‘vot chit va tinh than théug shat. Ho canb tie trén ede thie rudag mute trong ede hung King long ‘chto min ni Tay Be, véi vige lam thiy loi nbé vi sir dung cde eng eu cay bita.. trong di than thao. Ho e6 tp quin trBng Ia nép va ding tia nép lam Iuong thye ebii yéu. Nha 6: Bong bio & nba sin; tue ngit.c6 chu: «Nha ngudi Tht ¢6'gée, bén san c6 eft» (eon Tay hucon ani fon, qudn mirau). Nba san cita hg dai the e6 thé chia Ennna os, Nah sn o0 hal ch hub, ui inh tar ao al ray oi ne hrdn Lup o6ng » (ab cn ee ab yang Tht Bem v4 That Tring sr Gna Nisebn ml bOL ng hin gn. vubeg bay MAE hal, gp la edn tup 1» (ORR ont bag) phan Dod vung Thal Tokng mide Bie Nt git mile viy den va 40 ngtn x8 nge tai teaay gat te cb, ob anh ee hd Bn Tae se Sac beo tinh “com ‘stun, nha, ve, feel eve. Trot rt hoe ngty 18 thi ge 4o ahi den, XE ben ety bode chul Qu Kida cponcho » got 8 ate That hey ta adag (ao tom — at ) NB gt con Giulia hie, Thal "Peng quin kin tedogy That Ben dGfn kntn den. Kha cla nf gi Thal Den duge got ipaes eo then nbitu. min ade vét ning Mah ty gt hay bY baton et Hal hd, ep aR ‘Nam git wea mb qui. ting hobe den, Khong win hong dat rat hing that henge Meo nga sé nae gor via Tonge (a0 magne), Mat se rom Celbatoal: den, how vin Ke hoge miu gach on. C fo Tam bing dng ho¥e tt hang day vai, c6 hat tii & dudi vat ding (rude, cin thiét c6 thé them mot thi con & gue bén tril. Mita rét hode ngay 18 thi wie 40 dai den €6 mie lat 40 dai tring & én trong. Losi do nay throng xé ben nich ya goi céch im me ma 1a 6r inde do den db do trtng » (eta tam tap aka dén). Nedy throng nam giGi cing quan khiin trang (Thai Tring) hoe khan den (Thai Ben). Ngdy 18, c& hai ngnk That Bu quiin khiin den dai hing sii tay, goi 1a «quéin khan eapn» (pan khan pin). Ho c6 mot tim ly théng nh: in et, dting cém trong vo dbngyva du tranh, Tam ly aya biu hign trong sir duc két trong edu tue ngit: « Feu nguat khée, mén nguéi chem lam (hac phi hind, péng phe dirgn), « Muong 2 76 gite th wa ngudt gan day (Mudng xtc péng con han)... Tinh tinh ho thét tha, ebit phic, gidm dj, lam nhigo,nhung not it, NO duge big bign thank tue ngie: wrlongthdng nbur nude trong » (ndm-xaur chive 28), « Cham 1am, 6 site lim ti, chit khéng nen [dm loi» (xc det dn duon, béu pd ddy quim tai), Ho va tinh tir tn chit khong’ hay df d6i, noo néng. Mot ciu tue ng keh Bi tigng thnrémg ding li: «Ti fir-ldm tie nhé dén Kom né mii toa dudt voi» (cot dét mot miea at lung iin hi pudag hang chang). Lim t0i di, eife 16% a6, chit khong hay lam that nbiu, rt ene ching dirge gi. ding nw chu: «Medi dé trae khong bang nim da 6 trong tay» (wip pay ni bau to hii ma mit). Thich te do phong khosng, it tinh toin trong sinh hoat: Rat mén khdeh, nén thong ¢6 tinh rong Juomg, e& tin, Sinh hoat gia dioh dim tim, vg chdng it cd trrimg hgp edi co ming chiri nhau hoe cha me cing it ming chiti con edi Ban ong thi x6e vic, cham chi, ua uéng rage va throng ding meow dé thd 16 tam tinh. Ban ba thi trung hén, dim dang, thong ehdng con. Tinh elm etn nguéi dng We duoe the hign rd ret. No duge bitu hign trong eée tap tue, sink host gia dé cia hing ngu’i trong bin, trong meng. V8 tam I nay e6 thé thify x8 trong doan ca dao: «Pay 6 Rhse bin, aheng chang murong G khée phirong nieng ehung ving G indi got mpi Khe subs, nhweng cb chung mot an mens, () Nguyen eau tiég Thai: ‘Dd ting bin hd tab medng ‘Di téng phreng hd td phdng Di bie ad nin ng Bd team néesip thbng hit vB mnBL vn hoa, tinh than eta ho con. pian nee tem cleh abn va gilt thich thé gigi, Mat Piet orang Dita _hign trong che motip thin thooi vi Tedjan ihuget vé thien hién, dia ve cx tri va nyu fon lich sit cia dan t9e minb. Mat khée con th8 hign ong ete motip vin héa dan glan (folklore) chung nw crake: nghe thudt, vin hoe... ele tgp tue vé ton git {Gem Phin thi nim). 4, Nguoi Thai eo chung mot Ioai hiok ‘kink t6 va x4 hol eb truyen. 'B6 18 Joa! hink {8 chite x gi theo eh do phia tao. X8 hot a6 phin chia djs hat hant chinh think timg chéw imcing. MBI mot choe mudng (trong dxong nbir mot Tuyen bign nay) 4@ blah thanh mot bo may h6ng tr, bee let cba mot dong quy te, thé t4p, Mol th® ebé xi hot du diza trén ate phin bi fudng G&t mot cach. trye tigp. bat duge mang dank ngbta cla foun muxéng (cng thd) vk rudng fing mang téa JA rung fodn mixing (a hing mudng)— mot loal cOng din. Moi ngrti abu ob quyén sit dung rung dé, nbwng phit chiu lim vige fnus's'j-— mot Logi vige edng ich. Song moi Khoi vite micing au do bo may thong tr} phia tgo aitu kbien, fn phai phue vw lof ieh cba phia tgo. Do &6, phia tao Gi Io domg duge. eddn bly> nby dB thong tej va boc Tot (ota dan trong mong. (Kem Phan thi ba, thir tu). Soa chin thing Bien Bidn Phi yi dai 7-5-1964), eamg voi chit nghfa thye din Phap, ché d@ pila too % sup 4 hot foun, Dui sf Tink deo cia Ding Cong sin ‘Vigt Noa. wi hei ho 4¥ cling c& nade tin 1én ebb nghta xi boi, bé qua glat dogn he bin chi nghta, hin cinang, cdc thimh phiin dan tge Viet Nem thir eb b6n die Toung co bin d& néu 6 trén, Cin ct vho * | ting lip nong dan Iso dong. noi dung co th® eda né thi day tei lA sir the bien tp rung hat nhing cai co the gol duge do 1a nguti That g Tay Bae. C8 duge noi dung bGn die treng co bain &6, ho 6 th8 phan bigt dege minh véi cde din the lant. em, VA ngao® Iai, abla vdo noi dung cia bin ae trumng co bin nly, ede dn toe anh em c6 th mhin ra gay do 1A ngudl Thai & Tay Bae. Ch&ng abiing the, noi dung cia bén die trung co bin ny con c6 the phin igh duree gite ngubi ThA & Tay Bic voi aguési Thai & noi Ehic, Bdi vay n6 1a nbfing ditu chang abit d6i Voi hp; ding thoi né ofing 6 nhGng dibu riéng cht co & ho. Co thé cing la ngu6i Thai thude than phn din te Vigt Nem, nbung dja vee om trit Iai khie mhaw. Co the xwra efing goi la mgt ché 40 pha fa0, nhweng ché 4d hia tao & nguei Thai Tay Bic lai edu trie trén quan he ruong d&t van dege ludt mudng thira nhén 14 ota cong cong (rupag toda murémg); trén eo st rupng tod ‘muréng 46, bon phia tgo d& thire hign bée 1Ot adi voi u THAL TRANG VA THAT DEN Be at cong 06 abiing dc trang ev bin cin mgt ‘Phat & miga ‘ly Ble, nhurng van cO hai ngdoh : Thai ‘Tring va Thaj Den. D6 1d mot dic éidm cn chi ki ghién cia ¥® ho. ‘Thai Tring eo th chia, lim bai nhom dja phuong (groupe locale). Nhoun thie nbit ew tri & phia bic trong ce huyga, Muong Lay, Mugng Te, Phong TbB, mot *nin & Tudo Gio, Quin Nha Sink HB, Tha Chia vi paNe inten thude Scag La- VB ai th®, nhom ny wo ahGing de ining vin hoa ele mot nhom dja phuoag thong ahdt-nhue: cang mot ving th® agit (rong phuxong ioe That Tay Bae); eng mt lot binh sinh boat phong tue fap qudn, vin hoc, nghé thudt dan gian, ton Fido, vv. Nhom tine hai phéa Dé & phia nam trong Ge haygn Moe Chis, Phi Yen va mot phe Van Cofin, Nom nay do anh hirbng eda nbiu lung vin héa kde hau, nén chi cd thé thong mbt trén nbieng nét doi the hw: cing chung v8 mgt cu chuyén ké v8 ngudn ge vit str thien di, chug mot phong tue tp quan, mot leat hioh vin hoe, nghé thuat dim gan, Riéng v8 gon ng, co hai ving thd ng: Mge Chiu, Phu Yen (trong ‘ phuong ngon Thai Thy Bic). ‘Thai Den co ahiing de treng ela mot nhom dja phuong tong 463 thin mbit. Cir dan That Ben bien nay’ phin b6 cae huyén Va Chin (chi yéu top trang & vang long eho Muéng Lo), Than Uyén (ehih yéu ‘8p tung & cin @ng Mong Than), Meng La, Thoda Chiu, Mai Son, Song MA, Tuin Gito, Bign Bien (chi yiu tap trang & ving long cho Mixing Thanh). Ta con mét phiin phin bé & eae huyén Phong Th, Sinh #3, Quah Nbai Mat nhém Thai Ben e6 hot khic mot s6 ditm ve tap quin vi thd ngi hign nay ei tri & huygn Yen Chau, fen thirong goi la Thai Yen Chau. Sur phin chia thimh hai agin ‘Théi Trang va Thal > en & mitn Tay Bic hign nay la Két gud cba mot qué wink thign di, xto dong, tren nhiing diém bign leh sit au dai va phe tap. Song, cho di bign may ed hat nnginb Thai, ebBag qua cling Ii do se chuyBn ha ti sagt nhom ‘Thai (Ty) 8 xtra abit ma thién di di moi ngudi mot agi. HO: trén dia vie ew tra moi cia minb ao i i i : a 2%hog whom mot tp xi vo Bu Kign te abién va dle soe an dain bung cha eke dan the xung guanh dB se en cdl nguyen gc cia mink. VA cfing tir €6 eecrhign abiing nhom Thai mdi mot dja phuong linge nhau. © nguét ‘Thai ign nay, vo a8 phan chis think hat dganm'irtng, den chia cb mot ly giii mio co the chilp pein duge mol eéch ding véi ety that Leh sir nh, Co ‘Jawoi cho rng Thai Ben vi an vin den, chit khiin den; Ve nguge lai, Thai tring in yon tring, chit Khim ting he fin tet suo lai din vin ide nhaw nbwr vy? VA hon Af, Thai Tring eng e noi khi thy ciing tO en Is fin'dd den? Lai ciing e6 ¥ kign cho ring Thi Tring Yo nude da sing hon Théi Ben. Bitu nay cing khong Hicdn oie vis imdt Ia, cho dé nay chira 6 mot tai figu nndn ching hoe’ mio xicminh; hat lay che di ikhoa nhin chiing c6 xée minb va thike nhén di8u 46 €6 {hive di nifa, cing vn la sip gli thle €6 tinh chit sink Hot, trong Khi kisi nigm v8 sy- phan ebfa ra hai nginb fring, den. Iai hoan toan thude v8 Unk vire x8 boi mk ftén nay vin chia gidi dip duce théa dang, V8 vin d@ nay, higm nay chira di tr tigu d c0 the di liéa khing din durge i8u mong muén tim re. O day Eni xin din mot s6 ta lign da thu thgp vi mong ring fining tw Kigu nay o6 th? o6 the dung ggi 9. HoBe ciing tee th8 qua ede tw Lieu nay ma lam sng &® phn bo vB Jnot giai Goan Ijch sir som hon thoi ky thién di cia fnguot Thii vio mign Tay Bée made ta ngay nay. G6 the thily sip xudt ign tén dea, trang. a¥ chi eae ge ngwoi cur tri’ & mia Van Nam trong cée the tich cd Trung Quée nur Man thie Lan Barong th, v.¥n. V80 thoi Lue Tong (thé ky V Cong nguyén) di co che {én O Man dong Thodn (nguti Man den & phia dong B 48 Thoin) hay edn goi la Di; Bach Man tay Thodn (uur Sen trding & phia tay Aft Thoin) hay cdm got lt Bach, Bye. (Gigi si hoe Trang Quéc sau khi nghién edu vB ngwoi i, Bach bign co mit & tink Van Nam di di dé Ket iugn do 14 chi nbin Ong cba neve Nam Chiu. Chit nhin ong ela mage nay 1a cx dan c6 tiémg not thude snhém ngon ng Teng — Mién ©. & Tay Bic, nhiing din We noi 6 ng Ha Nbi, La Hi, Coding, S (8 Kho Pa). ‘Nguoi Tia Nhi hign cur tel &-phia bile trong cde huyén Mrmg Te, Phong Thd, vi s6 din khoing trén dur 3.000 ng. Nguoi La Hi, ete tri & che x Pa U, Pa VE Six Can HS va ving Ha Sé thude x4 Ca Ling huyén Madng Te, voi 96 dan khong trén diroi 3.000 nut. Ngwrot Godng et tra & xf Can 113 va Nim Khao hyn Medng Te, sd Thanh Chin va Pa Thoin huyn Bign Bien, din 66 kboing gin 1.000 ngudi. Newb Si La cr tri @ xa Can Ho buyén Miromg Te e6 khong hon 300 spavts Ngwoi Phu Lé & x8 Phu Nhung, x4 Mong Dun, paver Tun Gido, din of khoing tren didi 200 gw Needi L8 Ld (te got la Nbi Su PhG & xi Giao Sa ayen Phong ThO cb khokng trén dit 100 ngudi, Nw iéng Tang — Mién gdm La, L610, Phi La Ty @ Kam Glin sé dan the Di (oo thio) cis TO dity tra te tigehich of mt hot cde dn (Ge thitu sf Van Nam. 88 nghitr SES dan te thupe Vitn koa hoe Trung Que bits eoan, 106) SES Rh Guan iy lea 9 Dan nghien feu Sich ab Ding tinh Lao Cai “Tat Hew nay cho ving: yong nguoi Di da dos Has Ngox dqcongede the by atu Cong ngoyes) thi suit igo akeng dong yi Soune tye got Ih aah inh » Ho Tokn 8 mt dal tinh? pe haat he tno ti ngwdt Di, Bach vi do. dO A8t dal eo gud Di. Back duge gol ih Thode dia 7 2shy mhitng ibe ng thude he mgd nytt Fang — Mio & Tay Bae chi phin bé & phia bic, tay Tay Bae, noi bien ae ee ti at Ch va Vin Nam (Prung Que). Va Bee ion Van Nam chin la que hong cla ttn hho Higa nay 36 dan trong nhom gon nate Tang ~ Min replat nga 10000 nga, ehiém Thokng ten 4/3. 9 din nguot Thai & Tay Be Véy theo quan aigm eda hp v8 ws pln chia ea think hat agin em, trang @ trong ntitng hom aan tec huge ngon mgt Tang Min nay thé no ? sTuAL TRANG That Ja phite tap va cling ly thi nbing Woe ngurri mot tHéng Tang —Mign khong co 1én di goi nhom trang, nlurng vd co khéi nigm «kde vdi nhém den la nfedm trim Nguvi Thai bign cx tri & Mudug Lay, Ming Phong Thd doe ho got theo tn ngwoi Han dat 1a Bach tocl? theo I6i phat am efa ting toe ngudri. Ngwisi Ha Nhi gol nguoi Thai 1a Pi tsu; nguoi Coding got gui Thai la Pi tshm; ngwoi Si La goi ngwei Thal ld BEchié... Bi voi ho, nhirng ten do déu vo nghia vi no la Idi phat am chgch ofa chit « Pa tsi » (bach 6c) trorg ling Han ving Van Nam, Nhu vay (en Bach c6 (ht flo ngiedi Han dat ra (2). Nguoi Hin edn goi ngudi Hit Ti Nhoag com sé din a6 chung toi My 6 tron ehbn 48 tim vige theo dl (2) Hin nay ngeoi Hin & yang bitn gioi Wet — Trung (Se Phang vida goi agai ThA: Ya PAL jl digch y) hay PAL toi (get 890). Do oy pht am Ih Pit cho ntn cng co thB phite fim Bai tbo. Thang hote cing <6 Ong gla cba gpi bing ten ch ls Li ta (Ly the) hay Lio ts (Lio te. % } | Nhi la Di tsi (Di the) va ngued LO LO 1a PA Di (Bach Di). Niue vay cdi ten Dé cftng c6 Hh do ngwat Hin dat va). ‘Ngwoi BS Kho Pa (mbt nhom dja phirong ela neti Phi La & mién Tay Bic) goi ngwréi Thai Ta jé. Trong sir phan bigt theo truyén ed cia ngwoi, Hal Nhi e/a Nhim¢ cha cling ghép nguisi Han vi Thai thinh mot ‘nhom goi la Na-ji. Na-ja lt mot khai nigm chi ning ingurdi khie toe nhung lia. hon. ‘Nhur vay trong nhém Bach di eb ngwoi That, Fam vi mal phi nhimg toe nguroithude he ngon agit Tang — Mign nr Lb LO... Song, 66 16 chi yéu 1A nguti Thai thude lop t8 tien trve tigp eta nganb ngwoi Thai Tring, Trong thp tir lieu Grin st dan tc Di efing 8% 6 doan vigt; ... Ngon ngit ngudi O Man khong gids Back Man ». Hat ngdn agit niy khéc nhau rit In, NEu nnhur so sinh hai ngon ngit Thai voi cde dé toe ngudi 1 tiéng Tang — Mién thi hin phi khde nba nbiu roi ‘Theo khai nigm ciia ngudi Ha Nhi thi budi du tién ¥ nghfa cia sir phin chia den, trling la sit phan chia hai kbu vee dja ly tip gitp chan cia hai kh6i eng dBng toe nguoi. Mi ben Wa mot quan the ngvot én eb chung mot ngén ngit, mét ché do inh f6, van hhoay viva. Naw & day c6 the mot ben la ngwst Thai vi dt bén la nhiing the nguéi trong bé ngon agi Tang — Mién Q). Ho da th8 big khéi nig miy qua doen md du truygn tho od « Had-ahi mi cha » hee sau: «Nguoi Ha, hi eink ra & Na-machd-mé Kay dizng thon trang 6 Sfuy-é-codng. 6 day ob cinh ddng rong ton Ha-sa-té-a-ma Barge tdi ii 12 con mong bat ngudn.tie song Ha So. TD Nabi Lo Laltnihomn Hgek) edng ngon nge vor ngwdi HA Shi. Con hii Den, This Tring eiag mot ogon v4.a dat ci aguedt Novi dat cita ngurdt Ha Nh» ©- thé ky V Cong ngusén) ‘epan kia song Ha Set ‘Ben nay x5ag Ha Sa la Nau nhur thoi Luu Téng ( jot co tén O Man dong Thoan v Eek eso iy xust hign ea lem hw 4 din (cia nga’ Ha Nhi nt ci Go © Man & pia dong va Bach \ vo eesag Dis Bach dd Tin Yon niin 105 DET Minar ben den chi eb ng Ha NDI v8 ‘rding chi eb rene Nerja be quan nigap cia mgu} (At Nh art NTpbt ky aut hig Man dong Thoke Bach sie tay hod 06 th trong dram WER AS, oat Ha Nv (er din noi tiéng Tang — Mién) bi x80 tron, Laie d6 pat Ha Nhi lam an khong deoe Gicptay nna cho ceay da than thoot = TG), cht . hut mat tral em Cobng, La Hib chit 26 dl, cia 6 bay ae 12 ving i Bach Man tay Thoans ‘ban dtu v8 den, tring gust Ha.Nia phat eting anh ‘bie ody nko ch® dd sudng U2 42 can Nam vitng nguat That d rat dé Sa ving Bea [a aot Ba Ni COOng) La # et ied tht fing doe ng HA NOL nes anaes ee Due day xin nea tong vang v4 so 8a WE te ga mguini ThA abue sat ae (8 db 06, f Muong $0 bate Wh ip Hoong PAS Me tras = strong 80. NA " Nguoi Thal gol ay eeng Pin Na hay com gol Conan ate — Nh of (Mma 1 Gy Tal lbw Ha Nhi mi che. Diem ABs 1975 (2) Tap tai Nou Ha Ni mt cha» OB de _ (G) & Thang Que bien vay oh aoe cing tok va. theo ten tng TAA & Ty Be Ta. Xip XoBng Banas. & } , 0 goi 8 Ming Te Mieong Tuny Moang va Mudng Om, Mus A kee an Shaye HE aguou ts NM co cause Oy snk alos tréo» thi ngudi Thai cing ed edu . me spina Om tg? eng Oa au Sin md ne Mtb a) . eee Mi, Min Hé...¥ 00 dé 06 nhitu bdng fi ygwdi Thai got la Muor eae 1 fang chitog ML hay Mur Mi, Mugng Mita, Mung Ha, eM bey Mee hy Mebng So %an 0 “assy fi Men 0 oe 48 ma trong (shows Ta an teag 1a ag 12, oon in, gai g Tiga, nay li huyém Phong 1 wating Bim, Ming Bim ( agus ern Bl Seong Bin? (0 bn Nguoi Thal goi HM vase buy fs Nring, Bom hay Madng Bare Ihuytn Mung Te (La) Chav 6 Bun ony Natog La Ho, Va mot ben lat Nacjaey sa ates cater Le So ann 2Ben Na-ja cé nbidu ving, Co pling rein That tim tudng, of ving ngiedt Hin ditng dit, lat cb viiag cng do nguedi Hi Nhi, Cé6ng tam twcing, Niue 6 Meouy Lay €6 tudng HaNhila A-b3-chu-quay. O Mudng So, Murdng Ta ¢6 twdng ngudt Cé6ng(?). Phin Ién 6) phan quan link do ede tedng Ha NA vd Co5ng cht huy du li nguc Thét d Mrdng 72, Medng Lay... 0 ‘Két thiie céu ehnygn x8 eugc hink hién Ion cla ngwei ‘Thai & Mrong Lay, Mucdng Te va dea ngwsi Thai tien én lain chi dat nay. ue Trong mot chuyén dan quiin-link te Medng Té ra Micding Lay, Kht quay v8 edng ANALG A-bO-chuequdy da bj link That giél chét tai dec Muday Mo. Saw mot agicéi Ha Nhi khée ten ld A-ka-nabic len thay thé d& ht huy quda link khong ché toon bd Mecéng Loy. Mcony To dd dank lal site Vin cong evig nguéd Hén. Tran dda théng tot, nheny ap tie chug OL bink tinh That get chet. Tie dé tinh Ha Nhi vi Thit da dénk phd. nha Dan Ha Nhi, Le Hi, CO5ng va Thi naa se qu chy tan tae di khip noi. Ben ka Van Nam, tieong Ka-lo-c-thue (Ha Nhiy vd at ledng Pi Thoin Pithay Pathd-me (La Thi) chang bf ngudi Han dank bat nga nen pha chay odo i Buge U lau hang dé dé tig nhtén khép kin dang d laa» 2. VE sam dit Meciang Pé od Aung Lay noredt That aa den Gunn Nhfing doan ehuigga ké ofa ngudi, Hi Nh — La Hi 4 ie minh sy tham la cia agus Thi cang vei thGng ndm dan toe hhude ngon nga Tang — isn trong vige chim oi mign tay Tay Bic, mitn tay nam tink TG) GN theo ey Phin La U's bin Pad 2H Pa G = Thang (@) Thoo ey Phin La U ~ ue liga aig di dd din % Von Nom vi sy phan chia vung dét may than hot Sb Ye dia Iy mol cieh 18 ing. Phbi chang day 18 sie phin dx inot yioi doan phan chia than Dong Thoan © Man va Tay Thodn Bach Man? Phai chiing day la Phin doh mot gial doun eye thinh cia mot enba aude > ind trong cic thir tich eB & Trung Quée ciing nl Viet Nam gor la nee Nain Chiu, Dia ban ow tri eta Nam Chigu & rin tay va fay bie tioh Van Nam, trang tam lh Ugi Ly (Cou Minh), Nam Chieu e6 6 chiéy Ti Mong Tusa, Vigt ‘Tob, Ling Khang, Ping Bam, Thi Ling va Meng Nec Nos ihe he VL, chigu Méng XS. evdng thin chiém dung thi Thodn O Man & la d&t Ha Nhi, c6 Thai Ben, phia Tay, Thoan Bach Man iit 1a Thai Trang (?), - Trong tip «Gian str dan toe Di» con ghis«... O Man. Ben dot xic dé linh hdn theo khoi bée len tri voi 1B ign (© Dea theo Lieh ak Viet Nain bp Tio By ban Khoa hoe ak gi Viet Nam piem sogn. Nha sua bin Khow hoe xt bois Hi Ne 1971 tr 25 (va mOt 86 thi ich Lhe). (G) Gian’ day te De — Tai igu da divpuoi Ha Nhi, La HG 0h cée dan te Ki, trong he (ere ang — Mig cling he nguoi Thai Ben Jee ant dons Rieng ngwai Thai Ben, vide Ba mbe & dom la mot tong nhieng dic trumg cba nginh- ‘Rgaor That ‘Pring Anh mndagphong tc top quan diaSSguot Hin rt r6 nét, DA la chch tinh ply thing fheo am fich hong theo ich Tai), an 16: nguyén dA, than minh, doan ngo, x4 {6i yong ahan (1-7), trang fiuteys, Bola mot s6 lon tr ng vay magn trong thd foie ving nig. BO la We thOng ehite djeh ea bo fy thong tl cin quy toe Thai Tring & min Be ofing [rang nbting tn hotn toan Hn (xem Phin thi te). Ca Lo Vin Khim & bin Tia The xi Muomg Tang huyen Siotng Lay cing noi ring: ¢7 tien nyusit That Trang ta nguci Thay 3 Xip Xoong Pin Né nhueng v1 6 fain ngcot Han nén 06 hee dg, whiéu phong tue, {0p Qjutn cho, én ad thanh eka minh. Cing ve 46 nen 5 ngutot Tht Tring hign nay» An vin a tring cfing 1a mee trong ahiing ae treng kin aganh ngs That Trdng Gin et yo ohiéng bing eiurng tréa quan nid cia hing nhom dn toe thnde he ngém ngit Tang — Mién, thay nding Thai ‘Trang I mat-thanh phi cia kh Bach Aan Tay Thoda. He da dén & thang ting Metng Lay, Mong Te tong dBi som. Ngwe Mong Lay da fas hin Hing sva kia 1B tien ngodi Thal to goi la [pai Thay, khong phil phi Téy mw nghy nay. Nom phi Thiy (Gi diy cing voi ngerbi Pen (con got la fain Pen, Co, Uni G) Ter liu ditn a8 & Mudog Lay, thing 21972 2) Theo on Ld. Yin Khim & x Madag’ Ting vi ow Pita Chinn Chan 3k Lay Noa boyto Meeug Lay — Tw lifu Aiea 88s bang 210 Pen Cin Pea) tbo chi wow £6 1d pon U8 (Lo 1 iin dia). Cohay Cd sang 1h v2 oguot Tost gos wguci La Mic Cal 1a tén nga Thai got chéoh tin Ha Nhe Do Ih ong ten goi cho dén nay vin con ph8 Big trong Ingwol Thais Va aber v4y Play Cop Uné thoi xa xa do Wnkdng nhém dan te thude ngon ng Teng — MiGa- Nhe tréa a8 trish bays tn nguol Tht tr goi Ib Tad wa Tay dB mang mot ngbla. Song, tn obi #7 tin Thay Uiicdng la ten ngutl ‘That ‘Tay Ble ding a eh nhom ‘That & vong Nip Xoong Pim Ni, Tf Lan va mot phan & Lace to con dupe gol Ia Thay Lal, Thay Pong, Thy (habs (Duda thay Thay So-dom, Newoi Thai Muimng Lay cling she nhgu ring 09 tien hig cling thién di tir vung Xip Xoong Pin Né dén. Ho i gidnh Ify aft nay trong lay eke thi Tinh ngudt Unt, Pén, Chinh vi the ngudi Thii moi dye ten 1d Murong Lay (\iéng That: «lay nghfa la audi) — mot dia dank mang diy him y ¢dudingedi chi of di d® mink thay thé Khoing cudi thé kj XU alu thé KF XIN, mot nhnh ngedi Thi Ben do Tyo Chigu cim din da thien di tir Mirong Thon Iéa & thing Wing Mung Lay, Muting Tung. Tao Chieu doc lam thd Tinh. Stuémg Lay va do a6 xi hoi cia bo phan naguoi That Tring & <44y di chite theo thé thice eda ving Thai Ben © Oi vi AML Phong Thd, ning dif biga Hoh six cba eke the ngudi xa 8 d4y c0 18 cing ve sau, chng tO ra fm dja hora, C6 th8 sau abiing euge binh dao gtike cde Gh) Tiltg Thai ed 06 Ur texas nghta twong ty voi ti va lke zal trong titng Vitt. Theo sy gilt thick eka ngwot Li Lie 1 nguos That (Phay Ey) 6 es “0) Dang Ngbitm Van, Chin Troig — Ban nien hi so sah be ti trirdng’ Tha Tay Be (cae lant dia chinhl> {@) Xen Quden 18 muténg Morbo MuleIne ft sina, ving Mirag So, Mursmy Li (Binh Ln) Ga (rd lad yen Din vi cw din agudi Thai dl yao ete Lr cling voi ngrot Man ay 06 ¥ kign cho ring te danh Ming tre 1a én gol mol nghnb ngwoi Codng thnge ngon align bign cw tri & bin T&e Ngé (huyén Miréng Te). Mang LA con cb nghia 1a Muong La (nay thuge tinh Van Nam, Trung Quée) giép véi huyén Phong Tho ofa ta. Murimg La hign ob. ngu’i Thai dng thoi HBi do bin Na Ngo (nay thuge xB Blok Lay, hy Phong Thd) ugudi Thai & twong di tay trung. VE sau, hug méi sang Muang So Luong ben Xip Noong Pan Na bn mat ngedi ho Ld vé lim tao, Nha a6 mxgt nhim rnguvi This khde ellag theo V8 eur tra & Mucing So. Ouy w tao » Mong So Luong lay com gai ngwoi Ming va sinh ra.con ehiu ni nghigp cai quid dit Mwirag So. Gur din Thai sau khi 8n djah da phat tite agay mot dong dic. Qua nhi8u nim khai phi ho @i ctng ebe 1c anh em khée bién din tung ling Meong So, Masrug Lir hong vu thio eugag dmg mit mi Tir Muong So, mot s6 ubom Thal la tip tue thién Ai theo eée con audi xaSay min dit Than Uyén, Van fin, hoGe thiga di sang mibn dt dai thuge heu were song Hong. Ho di vio eh ving Pa Kha (hay Pude Kha) tee huyén Bée Ha tiah Hoang Liga Som ngiy nay. BO: te Pa Kh ho Iai subi theo song Hong toi eur tnd 6 Mabng Ha, Mong Min (Moi Chdu— Hoe Binh). BOI vay ngwoi Thi Mai Chau mei co eda: ebuyen tB tiga ho eal thuyn da subi song Hng tit Mudmng Hirde, Prsie Kha dén vi ho ty nhon la e Tay Khao» (Thai Trdg) ®. Te liga sa tam & Phong Tas mia dong 187s vi Mat chau, sus 1973, Bay gitr cm mot yin @B el nan {Bi cio bu: vty thoi gian nio thi tien ngadi Tht via Tang — Mién di c6 mat G mign hide khu Tay Bc? ys tol glan nio noj diy chi co ngudi Thai & thang Ig 1am sudng mee? Cling cin et vao nhitng ta Tiga trén, thoi giam ‘ed sat 08 tien hat nhom Thai vA Tang — Mig cb th® thily ring hon ek la he ma cde thi fab agudi thade nom ‘Tong — Mién d@ «hd chil> c& mi8n Lai Chan va Van Nan (abr cong chuygn eda ngedi Ha Nhi, La Hi). B6 Ih thal kp quée gla Nam Chigu dang trén dé pit twin toi exe thin khong the kf thie VIE VIN. Thot gian sau chi 6 th® xay xa KOU CO tien ngwui Thal igi dlung str tn cong mah lit ela ede tp doin phong ign Hila vio nirge. Nava Chiéu bi Khoding che thé kf thik IX — X tx6 di Nhy vay (3 tien ngwot That thuoe nganh tring d& Dit diu dn dink & Ming Lay, Mirong Te. Ti do v8 sn méi e6 ahttag nhom theo song BA thién dt Ui & Mwong Chiéa (Quynh Nbai) vi Mirdag Chién (4 Ngoe Chign huyén Mudmg La) ©. Thor gian tien Inioh ning dot thién al miy phii xy ra tree Khi co nginh Thi Ben” t6i & Nghia L) ya ving song Di, song M_NOL thé kj thie XC-— XH, 1 theo Guim 14° musény (k® chuyga medng) cia ngisi Tha Den th Bhi ho toi Mung Chiém ai gip nhém Thai Ti nhing te Lieu tea 66 th nhén djoh tang quat -x8 ohom Thi Tsing & min bic — Tay Bac IA mot trong ng nom Thai saw Khi tach Kodi ahdoa toe ge (agudt Tuy eb) di gia nhAp hom eBach gdm ebe toe thieu @ Nbdag ty hau awa tam trong cde dot dian ak moe renin 16851808 tai Qayah Nhai vi Nege Chin 2ssi, dive bige 18 whiny the gut trong nhow Bee Aen ew td min thurgng song Da, song Néno we Qui trinh ho gin hap nhom ¢ Bach» eling 1a qua righ ma (8 tign ho di ew dén & ct thung ling Murong, Tay, Muimg Te va Phong Thd trong khoing, abing nitin du thien niga kj T Cong nguyen. ‘Suu khi d& Sn dh noi cir trd & ede vang thang Vag 46, ob nbitng bo phin he lai chuyn djeh theo ee con gudi va sdag Ba tién stu bon nGa xuéng phia nam ‘Tay Bide ya ede ving In cfm khie & mabe Cang c6 ten gol Théi Tring, & Tay Ble con eb che bom high eve tra & Moe Chay, vi Pha Yon. Moe Chau ten ting Thai Ja Mireng Sang vi Pha Yen tén tigng Thai la Mirong Te. Day 1a ving dit thude phia nam Tay Bie, mot khu veo Thai Tring bigt Tgp hm voi kbu ve Théi Trling & phia bic. Ti 46, cb vin d® ait ra vay tai sao Iai goi la Thai Tring? ‘Thai Mge Chiu 1 mbt nhom Thai da tien di tie sang khoing thé kj XIV. BO la digu c6 thé khing inh duge sau khi di nghién cu, so sinh &m khop gift cae ngudn tr Jigu thajh van nlur: tip Pit mong (ehuygn mirvng) cia Maémg Sang, tap Quém 16 maéng (chuya bin mudng) cia ngroi Thit Ben voi cae clu chuyén din gin engi dung trong ty ofa nngay ehinh dit Murbng Sang, @) Gim Trong ~ Bing adi & Tay Ble: (Phe bi inirdng) ~ bn cep tas: bidm Vans Nidm bida ede t8 trrdng teh, eh thick, khko dj. Guim 1 0 Divbi day 18 to UAE mot ehaygn dan giaa mang tinh chit ga thye nia thin thoai a8 noi vé sw tien di eria-nguot Tht Moe Chiu tik Lao sang: fo. Ngiy ua yua dé Vieng Chin sinh duge nga con trai dat tén la Phtenba Nho!-chom-clm, Ching trai Jon Jen ra tm & song Nam Khong (S1é-Kong) tinh c& fy due mot hen dé quy, e6 nhibu mau ste s@ 8 trong Det mabe dem v8 Lim vit bio bai ‘Khi trudag thinh Pha-nhe Nbotchomctm duge phép yaa cha di tia St moi a2 lop bin, dng muda. Ting di vei Nhgtehom-cdm 6 nbita binb, (wing vi hive din & bin dui, mung trén. Truvo hi ten diurbng vua cha trao cho doin quinoa Nhot-chom ‘hin 800 cdy mae dng 48 vér hang che thot voi ebin Mang theo hon 4& qu trong ngudi, chang khéi bink tir dit Vieng Chin v8 Mong Thanh (Bign Bién) xw5ng Mucmg Hla (thuge Tukn Gido) 1én Mong So (Phong ‘Thd), Mirdmg LA (thuge Van Nam). Ching lei tlép tue réo quan dé v8 man sing Hoag dén Merdg Mi, Mudrng Sit, Cam Boong (nay 1A ving dil tude tinh Hoang Lien Son), Dod nguéi lai xubi vB Miring Cite, Murbng Xt (fh Cac, Lat Ong — Vinh Pha) -wsng aén Pha Panh, Thai Hoa (1), loi nguge Wen Moroag Pi, Meoog Sing (ving Lang Son — Thael Bi — Ha Binh), Voi dint nghfa la doan sk gli cia vua Lio, doin Nhol- chom-cdm di tei daw cting duege don tiép chu dio. hong ago hon dé quy cia Nhot-chom-clm mang theo ct méi ngéy mot lon va kbi tei dit Mering Man, ‘Mudmg Ha (Mai Chau — Hoa Binh) thi hon da d0 di phil ding tam nguoi khiéng méi co th® tép te dem 4i dyoe. Khi he dén Phiéng Ludng (ving thio nguyen MoerChiiu), hoa dé bdng th6t len: « chd dat nay BS» “ona Hiéng Thai £6t 1A di). Nhot-chom-cim mis titoi 4614 Chidng Bt. Ho la ep tne khigng hon a qua ‘tus «Kem co» dén mot ba Dang, di lai abi: « cho tot ubng day!» (liéng Thai: «khdt eh lng»). Chieu y i, Nhotchom-ckm ben dit non da é do vb got tea dit fy la chi ling (xuBng day). Nay chi long dee phien dtm fa Cho Ldng mgt xf thuge buygn Moe Chau. Hon dé duge mang tén la «Xitehin-isi » Go YOL nghfa la ind murbg e6 miu ste sf), Tir d6 a&t Chi Ling doe chon lam not tri ngu cia cha mung » ela Mudng Sang. Bit Muimag Sang thoi 46 dang c6 ngudt Lém, Lé & Nguoi Thai do Nhotchom-cln da dén sau eftag di sto eur ii, néa xdy ra tranh chip gita hai bea. Ho eurge abou bia tén vko vich da, néu mdi tén ai em duge trén a6 sé thing va duge lam chi dt. Ngwoe Is moi tén ai khong clm dusge vig yich d& ma rot xung ‘it, 98 phi bi di & noi khdc. Vel eby nd c6 cinh ung vb mi tén biog dng, ngudi dei dign bén Lém, Le givong lén bin Ma thie nha ten roi xudng A, Lin thie hai tén roi xubng &t yA Man thie ba tén lei roi xudog ait! Bén Ieot bén Thai bin, nguei dai dita dang né e6 cinb cung bing tre vOt mi tén tee o4 bit sip ong giwong lén bin Ho tit nhst tn lim trén vieh dé, fin thie hai tén eGiag efim trén dé vi a tit bu (én eting Iei cfm ten dé, Nguisi Thai dB thing cuge. Song ngei Lém, Lé vin khong ebjs mi adi hat ‘ban phat tim 16 einig «ma mung 2, NEw ema muting» tung béa nio At hign 1én ma phin 16 bén nio s® 1b chit dt, Biét vay Nhot-chom-cfan én 6 ti ebo tudmg Kho Phong dem bong boc toin thin gii lim ema rirog> tuto len agp sin & trea. veh nil, Béq ki hai bén by. thi tue cing, thi ema mudngy gb do hign tren véeh ni ting todt mi noi ring? « BAt nay a govi Thai & moi phil, com nygrds Lm, L& & tht oa ni 68 tit ching ». The la ng Lém, Le dh ph nb di not Khée eho ngxdi That vao ew tee Nhotchom-eim én lim «cha mvrbog, dt Mig Sang midi d&t ton cho gon mit co wach da edn ten bit sp ong ld xm vieh sap ong (Pom pha Kht sit) +8 Ghia con civ dh bin dir, amwdag ten a fara chi Cie con eb dd du aurge phn mot eay mac Ang cia vnun chi dit Vieng Chin, vi x6 c6n lei ho: dem die thinh tong dng di & chus bin V8t got 18 twong Phaonba Nhotchom-em ®. Nhot-chom-ctm chtah ib dng 18 cia ho Xa adi ughigp tr vt Shabng Sang.>- G Lito sang, agua i Mge Chau vn quen ther ‘Thietvea Mocni, ne ho dl lap cha 6 in Vat (len Vit la fim chéch cia Phat) va bing nam t8 ehiee 18 Phat gol iW eChich vit, chach va» yao ting 5 Am leh. Cho dia nay vin chuea c6 ali ck lig AB xée_ minh ruhim t9¢ agai aio hién co mal & Thy Bie s® le héu dug cdia ngovi mang ten « Lém, L6>. Theo nh ngs hai & Moe Chau ké thi saw Ebi thua eudc vei Nhol- chomeim, hi di hb qué huong sang Lio ci. Khi ho ra di, Nhot-chom-clim cba ele téng Kidim Phong dt ifn chin v.v.. Song diy moi chi Ki mot loal tw Tiga cin ldy gl diing tin ody lim, Co th® dat bd phan ho @ sang Lao nbimng st abt cng cn hbiing nhom We 18 con vei rt Tiga nay & Tay Bic co tte 23 de anh em, trong 6 riéng &Moe Chan 6 7: Meo, Dao, Mcvng, Kinhy ‘Thi, Xink Mun va Khor Mi, Trong bly te ny tae Un Toai cde nhém-Méo, Dao, vi ho noi ii day khoing ) Hide nay & nba bio ting Som Le edn bilo lew mot beat tae ding fa thal dong ho Xx & Moe Chia, Tuomg Pha-nha bgt-hom-ohm dt uj tem Saoh-porl6p chihsd Sun Le Isy ml *thé ky XVI = XVIMTs abom Mudng. vL ngedi ThA: hong goi he 14 Lém, 14, mB goi th Moi, Mang ; ngwot Kunb eang khong phil; cho nén chi 6 thé 1a hal nhom Xinh Man vi Kho Mi 1a hgu dué ng Lem, Lé ebting ? hai te nay du nfm trong he Mon — Neon ngir cl Reome. Bé 1a mot trong bé ngon ngit cB ela cde toe ngurdi & Tay Bite. “Prong cée hang dong & nhidu noi trén dat Moc Chau ign con nbfing quan ti ngudi xa a2 lai va duge gui Thai goi la ctring Lém, Lé> (noi an thng nguedl chet eta nguoi Lém, Lé). Nhiéu ngudi con. cho rang fy la di tien cia ngudi Lém, 14, Hign nay & Tay Bée Iuhong e6 Ie ngwti nto Tei ¢6 tuc Khi chét bd vio quan tai rOi dem cit trong hang. Riéng hink md tang ets nngudi Kho Ma sia thi cba phing phét bong dang cia cach cit quan thi trong hang. Bo 18 161 dao huyét thing sudng thal siu ri dio thinb ham éh tya ngieh beng GB dat quan ti vo 46, sau méi lip dat jon clu chuygn v8 ecuge bin nd » a8 tranh dit tht & nguéi Xin Mun cbn phd-bién how ef. Ching toi xin ght lai edn ehuyén d6 do Nguyén Vin Hoy d@ sua Gm fivge & bin Aisi Chigng On — Yen Chiu : «Xtra kia nui Ninh Mun vn cur tra & bin Ai, Ngudi Thai da we haa dit bao Ai eda mah. Hol bén tranb chip Shaw va ctng thi bin eung (nd — TG). Ho woe vot tahau raag mii ten eda ai dink vio mal dé thi tot bo Gat dai quank ving sé thuge v8 ngwoi a6. Khi bin, fgwhi Xinb Maa ding tén dng, néo moi ten bE a. rai diing t2e tre ob boc «hl st» (stp ong Con ngwoi 1 Tp Ta ef awa thm & Bin Na Ngla xi Chitne Khoang huytu Thudn Chau — end xan 1067 “ Wing That — TG) nén moi ten dinh veo vich di. LAPS uot Xin Shun phai mbeiog ban Ai eho ago’ Thai >. hardy aB 8 Tot vin d@ Hin thin née Thal syrany & Mie Chau va Pho Yen nie, khong thé khong cre got chat v@ ch oir binh than. vung quée Te & pha tay mise 1A. Virong gute Lao rb rang dirs Inn thal trén 69 6 oo ge thal thign al iemién bic xuding mign ram. Nhe The ob nghia ring trade kbi nguoi Thal ti 46 Lae Huge ore (8 tien ho d@ sioh to teén eke mibn 24t phe ree Tees ein da ne toi min therong song DA vei cht rob quan wong cba né le song Nam Na, Bo 1a dit uelweng eda © tia nginb ngevi ThA Trlng— oho seed ghia bic khu Tay Bie nghy ney. Bay gi EP tye nbi den mide throng song Nim U voi chi mhén titan trong cia n6 1a sdng Nim Kém va Nm Nie, 56 Teen reat ngwai Thai xua gol 8 Muong BS TE BO wee ea Madng Then (bank) —~ ast cia teaytn fhugel sink ra toe That @ min tay- Khong Diet mis we ain tb én ho AR a6ng txén dai gat nay 4B ae gon ng iy sie ehiém doat thién mhién,, nhiky wat song nda kinh t nong nghitp ruong nude. Ong se ee mondng con agués: chi mot bist dang gy, ge eee td lam eng cu kiém séngma uhéy vot sang cide wha ie ra edi cay bng kim oni. Cho dé thot glen Sho day, bu dug cia nhtng nguei Thai xo= 4 TD Tay wait ctu ehagtn mhy tng com co. meee TG we eee Fate ee ed the n6i trong Khokng tx IME BS TE aa re ee aor Chau ebua cb Tee nao 06 thong te PANE wt Weng Tang sien ow 7% 2) Co not bi ou Ja WHE vo main € oO (ag ent aut qué chs dat @ cha nguoi THAD. ea eft 160?ety 48 cxng efp cho ang & Lio vin edn aie tw ‘oi Thai 8 Tay Bac thot bg not va die bigt eho ng trée each mang.” Nhu nn ling cla née kinh 1 ndag nghigp teong adi Qn din ma 1 tien ngwii Thai & midn dit thuong song Nain U, Naim Rom da pit tid manh me. C6 th’ trong ede thé kF dau Cong nguyen, ho da 6 wrong Khoi « Ta ‘Thoan Bach Man». Ciing c6 thé ho di tham gia nurse Nam Chiu khi nba nuce nay phat triBa sang phie tay? Bén khi nha made Nam Chiéu suy yeu, khodng thé Aj thie X, thi nhi@a nhém That eting nhw’ whiéw nhom ‘Tang ~Mién dA theo song Nim U rsi kong) vho dit Lao. Dé la nluing ghia ring ign nay nguoi Lao & nhidu nei va eho minh e6 ngudn géc Thai Trang (Thay Khao). Ho ebn ¢6 nln thayét vé Mudng Then va coi d&t do li di 13 Bén day da da chirng ctr 42%ndi ring Thai Moe C la mot nginh That Trdg nbuwng di tri qita cic thot cu tri d dat Lao. Nhting nét dic teng vin héa cia hho 4 ted qua nhidu ndim hba hop va tigp thu Anh hedmg, Juéng van hoa cia cite din tee agieai bin dia 8 Lio de bikt cée Ge ngwoi trong ngon ng Mon — Khome, Ho la con chau fa nhitng ngudi Thai dé cing naw ti tung Pha Ngum ndi tigng, thinh lap ta vuong que Lan Xang (Yan Twong) ding do & Luong Pra Bang ‘vio nim 1353; mipha higu céa né lA «Van Tugng di 6 tring » (Lan Xang hom khiao). Fi Ngwoi Thai Tring & Phi Yen lai edng trai qua nhi® dién bigu phite top hon, ‘Trude Rhi ngint agaoi Thai Ben toi Murdng LO vio Khoding the kj XI, thi d day da & mit mot nhém Thai 3 ©, V8 sau lei co nhting dot Fay ae ts nb 86m 20 40, 90 age Tasl 6 Moen ‘Theda ldy vo 8 dét Kinh, * * « hign di cfanginh ngwoi Thal Tring & pha bac tai ew Ini Dése ki Tao Lo lam eh it Muang Lo (thé ky Line XI) mét nhém Thai Ben efing di cw lai & canh dng ‘Quang Hy thuge Phi Yen ngay nase. Tie Méc Chit, moe nhém geod That Tring lat 1® chite nhirng @et thién di song & Phi Yen. Bén, khodng hé ke NVHML, ngwoi Thai Den & Medng La cong xim nnhip,cinh dng Meang Tie, Meng Pia (thuge Phit Yen), Tgp dén mot nhom ngudi Thai & Meong Aub, Ca Gia (Thanh Hoa) efing theo song Ba déa ex tri Pi Nga (nay Ha x8 Pee Nga Uhuge huygn Bae” Yen tinh Son Ta) Nhir vay nbidu yeu t6 van héa dia phurong khie nhaw cia eae nginh ngudi Thai mang (6i day eng voi su Higp thn inh hiebng win héa ofa ngudi Merong rt dim a tao ra cho ngiah Thai Trang & Pha Yen cb nhiing nét riéng ela nd. Song bao trtim lén tat ed vin la niieng, nét van héa co biin elia nganh nguisi Thai Tring, abém Moc Chie thd bign teén dic trung cba nhom Thal Tring Phu Yen. ‘THA pex Nagwai Cong goi ngwai H8 Nbi 1k A Khas 4 Khd of ighia té den, Nawoi La Hi ow tri x Can Hi ling duge xtp vio nhomden, Nguoi Hi Nhi goi ngwoi Si La i Pay-na-Pag-ng cling o6 nglita ta dent (a) Fe ibu ita a& moa xatn 1072 ©) Ta en dign dd maa dong 107% - (Gy Tap tho Phanh mina (Derag ming) eb Buoy Le. (Te tiga dita di mba kum 18 The (@) Trong mhém'den Iqved th8 phe thinb bai naaub. ogusi Ha Nbl. La Hie lop agwéi aun bia woh ang aTheo hp, «ara kia nbiing ngwot trong nhom dex ay icing sinb tu & hurt vye song He Sa. Trong cau chuyén fahan d@ «HA Nbi mi che» cb ndi:.. «0 day c6 canh (dong HaSa ring lin, duege tot bat murée song HaSa »...1 ‘Tri qua cic thé kj thign di, xio tron gitta cae mhom. toc naw thuge cde hé ngom ngit khéc nhsu, mol nhom iThai 48 bit dw sinh tu 6 min esong Thao mde a6» Imidn dat cia Muong Tung Hoang, Voi ¥ nigm x2a dy, cae pho sich eB cia ngiroi Théi Den da 6 cau «Then (Tri) dé cho t90 Tung Hoang vé lam eh ‘Naum Lt, Nam Se?) Chi dat dw song Thao mxde a6 2 Ve sau edn xuflt big ait Matmg Om, Mung Ai véi ‘nbiing dong tho hing trang cia mot loai sie thi — tap ITdy Pa Xée a& ghi nhdn noi dé chink 1a qué cha dat {S elia ngwoi Thai Den trade Kai thién di xa6ng phia ‘nam xim nhép mitn Tay Bic agiy nay. «Mhiong Om doat aiege a Mucéng At & 181 lanka N¥u nur trong cae thé kj ditu Cong nguytn da xugt hhign kh6i O Man Bong Thodn thi vt c6 thé ngu’i Thai ‘rong tity lam roong. nude got Ii den (A Kha, Pag-ne. Lap ogarti sora ‘Kia sinh. sing @ ni, exoh tac trén dat hinds Wong cay gicle (oxo leong) thi gyi Ik ving (-tuye) (Theo oy Po Che Phy & x Mr Gk Mung Te — 1973. (1) Theo tuyea KE tho Ha NAL mi cfg (OSt HA Nb INguréa chu log ais ofa tp Tay pl-xée ‘@) Then ching hku tgo ‘Tum hokug lang a6t chhu Nam Lai; Nain So Chiu hun Tao Nom Lan iin leas (0) Noudng Om Lida By neni Muone Atay hin 8 # \/wong Om, Sxng Ai, Mong Tang Hodng fing a ni, trong Kb dd. do khodng thé kp thie Vl ~ VE 3 Lemedmcte dango thuee henson ng Teg — Mn ong KROWA Kha (den) 4& hing thinh €8 chim toda Xo aida Vin Nam, thi oguti Th elng khong con & a5t Maéng Om, Mirdng Al duege ni i 6 cao? «Think link Xa Midng Chién, Mudng La da tran tit dé Mudng Om, Shrdny Ai ngod Nhe Tay pli xe Lite dé, Misong Om doat khong dé x eMucéng Ai khong (8 Tank nie wu Whiing dong tho ndi v8 Medmg Om, Mdng Ai dé lic nay 4% mang mau son ci aT ving — met noi, mot chin gianh lat cho nhing huzong hn eda 1 tién eAiréng Om an toan hong Micong Ai edn da tosn Bhat lnzong hoa cia ritng...2% 'B6 la nhing down and itu cho mot thiom oi thi ke WW rNhitng bide dudng chinh chién ela éng cha» ma ng Tha gol 1d «Tay pa xe» Che bo lae Thai Iie may ai phat ti8m dén mot glai ogi ava ho ila eLhOT Ry tuo di tim mung > (pang to t6 mirdng). Theo ho thi lie a6 « medng bin da day () Glip etm XA Mudng Chiga, Muoag Gi ching ku tinh Mung Om, Mong AE we Dhge Mugg Om dy kin ogsi bie mi Thuong Chién bay con gol Ik Tin tén 8 obi A&L Nong Sq Phong TRA), Aton La Chay Mudog LA) a4 giip’ Phong ‘Phe, the Van Nem. €Ngodl vom troi” fehl que 1 tea 1G) Nguyen, Ung THAL Z a TN ees (© Neuyén eng pea? “ir Om in 10a Aa AB hot 88 oom Te taggop ngtrais (Mwong bin nbving Ta edn) va do 6 ¢6 ‘yet cfu phat (® chute nhitng dot thien di di tim dal moi @8 Khai kb&n rugng dng, mo mang dja vee cu tr Mol trong nhiing hirong thién di cia ho TA theo s6ng Hong ve phix nam, vi d6 la... ving dé cén hoang a, ping ngudi ». «.. Bat dy ty eaing @€ 0 ngudt Thal 6 tit xwa rt nhweng vin con it» 0) Vao khoing thé kj thir XI, hai anh em Tao Xubng, ‘Tao Ngkn thuge ding doi tgo dét Tung Hoang ngiy vwra, da dan di doan quan chinh ehién va che ho cia ngu’i That ra di. C6 J8 phai tréi qua ohiéu mim vot ning ching dwong diy kh6 khin BE dudng thuyéne so roi BL dieing can e se ch Nén phié di theo dicing con don Lun theo dredng con dim x Doan ngeoi dit chan (i Mudag Min (ving Gia Hoi — Van Chin — Nghia L6) rdi yao Murong Lo. Thus diy, a8 Mudng Lé con la ving long chéo ménh ‘mong ritng hoang ving. Tai nay, ngadi Thai Ben db cing haw khai phi thinh rugng @dng, bién noi hoang vu thanh ving gia thde Ia ®, Ho d& dung len & day Chen Troup, Dang N Tait § Tay Bae tai iba (@) Nexen tieng Th ag tong: nitm dn to the ey tang te din to tai Nan’ va of mee toi 3 how Chin ina tol 38 men. initn Van ~ Nien bide ae 18 trwng (ey pi x60) 3) Oud 5 micdng tht mdi 1h At Muong UO. KMI 06 8 6 nui Hoi, ngwei Mang (iguoi Modng) & ahung & day. ching Wt theo 3p Tay pit ager no bop iy hone Nang eri Mung 6! Mvong Lo bign may hw Mel mt Pha Yeo ing boing 5,/6 ao! ° “ a hig don vi bin, mabng day thi vi. Tir 46 ew da Thai bude vio cage s8ng Bn dink vA moe bai c@ Vedat Muong Lé di vang len: «Tieng don cé aguedi 16k Mudng Le MOL ving rong ln, dat phi nhieu. G8 doing Hoc, dong Con quank dat pais © Mol ding bang thd site ngwa phi. €6 dong « Da-coi-nang ». Ngit | hong cting duge cia. 6 a0 Hém, wo Tang hing cau triu-budng Ngudt Mirong £6 lam ragng te tide bia v® Tk Mwroag 1.5, ngudi Tui Den Tai tigp tue i ehuyén, i Kiiip nei, Mot hwong ho thién di ngzge lén ving £s0ng Theo nuge dé ». Ho thi ving long ehio Madng Than, Muimg Khim, Mudng Gang... Ho ti Mudng Kim, Muréng ‘Thao (Van. Ban — Yen Bai) va ede ving Khéc thud: mign tty nam tinh Lao Cai ngay nay» MO huéng ho tgp tue xusi theo song Heng toi Mucng Hang, Muong Hang (Drain Yen — Yen Bai), nguoe tn ai Maong Nim, Merong Piu (Thuong Bing La — Vin (Dat p28 le'vong trang thm ei met cbiw mumdng too om them sbirong TD, © Nguyen titog Thai Kinéo ty Kitts Marong La Stang dis phing a Mi tdag Hee, t6ny Vn col ph Ma én tux din nd MF tong Davsbiondng ek ndng dy sinh Khong ME nong Hém,nong Han 4 tang com ME Tay Lé hg na hin kb (rey p's) enChm — Hoang Lién Son). Mot hwéng bo di yao cénh dng. Quang Huy a8 céng ew vei ngteai ding ie thube nnginh tving di & day tel ‘Sau gin ba dd ex tr @ dit Modng LO va min hitw ngen song ‘Thao, ngs Thai Ben Iai_trim vio ving sing Ba, song Mf, sam abép shu hon atin dat dai min Tay Bic. Bay la cuge thién di lim, e6 1 chite do Leng Ghirong (Lan Churemg) con iit cin Tao Ld dit Nuvg, La dirng div, Theo ede cu k2, ¥ 48 cia Long Cheong, lie do 1a mun dera ngwot That di Khdp noi cap bin, dumm muting, khal pha dat hoang: muén toi Mudg Thanb, bién né thaoh msdng trong vim thu it ngwéi Thai kbp mig. Dan Thai Ben ciing c6 mot ye chu madn i fim noi & méi, 48 lam radng vidal Mebng Lo ht tap sicthi Tay pa née da ti: « Mucdng ban ngep day agedt » (wing im nbweng lu e6n)- Vao khoing dia thé kj thi XIl, nhing doan quée chinh chién cfs Mudng 16 bat au ra di, RGi-nbiing doin nguei di cur ting dot, tirng det cling lén aaemy, Tir cinh ding Muong Lo ho dén Mong Min, Mung Ling (ving Gia Hoi, TW Le — Van Chin, Hoang Lien Son). Ho vwet qua ni Khaw Phe (thude huyée Mi Gang Chit) x8 Mudng Chign (xi Nyoe Chién — huyén YMurdng La — Son La) dén Muong Trai (xa thude buyén Muimmg La). Tit ngen ang Bi, doin ngwbi vugt sing sang hiro ngon dén Mardog. Bi, Mudiag Chim. Te Bi Chitm, dod nui li vrgt de Kha Pha qa Kéo Téo x Modng La. Tir Mong La ho tiéalén Mung Mudi (Thuan Chiu) va Ini xudng Mutzng Mua (lai Son) a ii Iai én 3B Mntng Mubi. Tie Morong Mui, ho kéo v8 Mung (2a Chigng Ve huyén Thudn Chae), Mong Quai (Tain Gio) lai xu0i theo che Ikhe audi xubag ving doc song MA ve sang Thuong Lio. Ti Thirgng Lio, ho lat kéo ngage qua miéa dit Hue Cénk, Long Chudng (thupe a husen ie rong Min ign) a rf aD xudng_viing Yong chido Marg Thaw. Gude thiGa di nay 4@ ket thue sat ki dota di cer toi Medng ‘Than qué 8 d2 8p ngudi ddng toe cia mind Ki nywdi ¢ Thay Lag» Bay Ia mol cage di dan co quy mo lén dign ra trong ‘yong mot phi fe thé-kV, vii mot ching duémg qua Inhimng ii8h mii ritng tring teing, dig diép, dai hing ngin cay #6, Ho 43 di qua khong biel bao nbiéw khe Siu, vue thm tirmign song Hong, song Ba, song MA tai song Nim U, Ném Khoong (Mékong)-Tinh cbt di cr khong dign ta trong mt mach thot glan lien tue i n6 dai dling tién din tiny dt, timg bude dy gian ‘wuan. Mot dgt tién bao gi cfing eb doan ehinh chin i tneoe ri dén lop dn, theo sau toi aw td va Khai hE rugng dBag v.v.~ Do la mgt eude di dam diy ue mit, mau, a3 hot «BL didng bo, ahng eink cay rtcuOng, veng trée, mac stu Bi dicing thi, thuyen be mae tdng da, wt trdo. Thayjen be mac dang echay », budn bye, day dit. Budi sing khbe tacong chau Budt chidu khée anh ems". ‘VA ft ni’ teen ding di dan noe mln fy, ho a ai tei nel ve tei chin ». Hy 1 ving, Cong fear, hoa hop vii ee ex din bin dja & miga ring ni nay, Chi nhan ong cli d6 c6 ngwoi Thai ed & vii rae T Nguyen vin tiémg ThA trich dich to tgp sit thi Téy pit xo Pag tang bie, Aho nhge Ribu ean Khong Fay fang nim, his. pe RSI hm pha chr by Kh chgp chon ehdr phi Tien chan hay ha Jan Ting cd hig neong Fa6 ek nhGing nhém ew din khée tiéng tit mhlee hia. noi i d mhng nn no}, Khe phoag te tap quan vv... Va cl {CAcan ebinh high cba 18 en» By khong th: Bho va cham wi nhing nguoi d& s6ng & day tnede minh, Nhiing bom ce dn khée ‘Thal ay, ho da ds ten exam, ‘Theo cic tgp tu ligu chit Thai 6d dR seu tm aiege ti nbGng nhom ngwoi mang ten e XA igi pda ra lam ahiGu log ex tri @ nhitu dja phutong khke "haw: — Xi La Nga Tap sit thi Tay pli xée 06 chu: «XG La Nga & dd phot» (Si La Nga dé bun phi). Ngay seen phat ton hit cia Mong LO dat & khiie su6i Nim Xia (ngdi ‘Thia) thuge bin Nang Phai x4 Phe Son huyen Van hn tinh Nghia L6 ngay nay. Nhwr vay c6 th8 eof mitn huong con subi miy va cling ed th8 noi rong hon la vung nil phia be can ddng.Ngbfa Lp li noi cw tr ein ho. ~ Xi Chai Cong Lai (nguiri XA ten la Cai ob cdim vin veo hay cfm hoa, ¥ ehi ngudi XB e6 ive atm od) Tap ok thi Tay pi xdc-06 cau: eX Cang Lat & du suit » (XA Cang Lai dit hua hdl). Niue dy Toai ¢Xi > nay cling etr tr eng noi voi Xd La Ngo, Tep Qudm (6 aniténg (K2 cuygn bin mudmg) cba ghi thé not cir tna cia ho & hludng Trai va ving doe song Ba thuge hhuygn Mong La ngay nay, — Xa Cim Ca (XA den nie qua) ex tri & ving sOog Da thuge cdc xa Mung Bi, Mang Chim, trung tam hhuyén Mudng La va thi x8 Som La ngiy nay — Xi Chi (SA dai) ow tri & Miceag Le, Mucong Quai Guba Gio}, Song Ma, Thugog Lo ngay ney XA Hu Nong Han'Hon (Xa 66 tai mong dinb- tn muyen qua disge), C6 18 day la nhoim ngirsh 6 tue ‘ai Q). Hu Bong Hiéng Hiéng (Sa €6 tat due abia suyen wa deo), Ci hai loa eXR > nay d@u cw tnd & Mung La, = XE Khun La, nguoi X% co abdn yél_ Khun La trong ctu chuyén cB ke v8 m6i Un cin doi lira tn Wk: ¢Khun La, Nang Gas. Xta ho et int 6 Muong Min Gia Hoi — "Van Chin, Nghe Lo ngay nay). Xi Ca Cha, Ca Ching, Nghe & Mong La, Mudng Quai vi dge song Na. — Xi Cha, ew tru & ving t& ngan song Bi, & bil Ding Phieng Ca thade Matay La, Murdng Mubi v.x Hau dug cia hing nhom mang ten «Xis k® tren hign nay e6 Uh thy nb sau Nhém Thal & bin C6 x8 Pho Soa (huyén Vin Chin) 1 mol nhom «Xk xa, nay di «Thad hday. Xét v8 Phong tue tép quén thi ngroi That & day ebn git we Nit ob cia ngwoi «Xi>. Bo 1a two hing nim theo 1g den ben susi gol la «Nam We tity (Neve 4d xuing thie) a8 «bie chu cho link hn ngroi chet lem trot vot {0 lien», Trong tip «Lam tang» (din deéng lind ibn ge chét) mgt tap sich Thai ed phue vu cho nghl, thie im ma cB truyén cia ngudi Thai Bon — dl e6 can fa. XG bie ctu let Khong. Notéi quay cudng tested. Nhu viy, ngurdi Thai & bin Co x Phile Som (huyéa n Chin) lt haw due eta ngudi Xa Chal Cang Lai (Xa tue xm cm) ho¥e cing ed the a hiu dug cia Xa La Ngo, v1 hai nbom Xi nay xua ho cing mot agi, @ Nguyen cau tiéog Thai a Tb cha’ mi da (Coa, pin mn mica pga ®