‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬

‫وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ وﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

Lecture (4)
Efficiency and Effectiveness
Area of Management
Management Functions and Skills

Dar 355
Dr. Nada Bin Dahmash
 Word Equivalent in Arabic Definition
Functional Manager ‫ وھﻮ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع‬:‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﻲ‬ The manager who is responsible for just
‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
- ‫ﺑﮫﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻣﺜﻠﺘﻪ )ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ 1 organizational activity
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬- ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬
(‫ﺷﺌﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬
General Manager ‫ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم‬ The manager who is responsible for
‫ﻧﺸﺎط ﻣﻦ اﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﮫﺎ ﻓﮫﻮ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬ several organizational activities.
‫واﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬

Functions of ‫وظﺎﺋﻒ اﻹدارة‬

Management

Planning ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬ Planning determining organizational

.‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷھﺪاف وﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﯿﮫﺎ‬ goals and a means for achieving them.

Organizing ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ Deciding where decisions will be made,

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت واﻟﻤﮫﺎم ﻟﻸﻓﺮاد‬ who will do what jobs and tasks, and
.‫واﻻﻗﺴﺎم‬
who will work for whom.
 Word Equivalent in Arabic Definition
‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة‬
Leading Leading inspiring and motivating workers to
‫اﻹﻳﺤﺎء ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ وﺗﺤﻔﯿﺰھﻢ وﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫﮫﻢ‬
. ‫ﻹﻧﺠﺎز ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ work hard to achieve organizational goals.
‫اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬
Controlling Monitoring progress toward goal achievement
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ وﻗﯿﺎس اﻷداء اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻖ أو ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻷھﺪاف‬ and taking corrective action when needed.
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺒًﻘﺎ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت واﺗﺨﺎذ إﺟﺮاءات ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺤﯿﺔ‬
. ‫إذا ﺗﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻣﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ‬:‫ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﮫﺎرة اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬
Technical Skills ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
job-specific knowledge and techniques needed
‫واﻻﺟﺮاءات واﻻﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ to proficiently perform work tasks.
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اداء ﻣﮫﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺪرة‬:‫اﻟﻤﮫﺎرة اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
Human Skills ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻓﺮاد‬
ability to work well with other people both
‫وﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮫﺎرات اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة وﺣﻔﺰ‬ individually and in group.
‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻗﺪرة‬:‫ ﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﮫﺎرة إدراﻛﯿﺔ‬-
Conceptual skills ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ادراك اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة‬
the ability to see the organization as a whole,
‫وﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة واﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬ understand the relationships among various
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬
subunits, visualize how the organization fits into
its external environment.
What is Management?

■ Management is getting work done through others.

■ Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work
activities of others so that their activities are completed
efficiently and effectively.
IMPORTANT WORDS FOR
MANAGEMENT:

EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS
Efficiency and Effectiveness

Efficiency Effectiveness
■ Efficiency = getting the ■ Effectiveness = do those
most output from the work activities that will
least amount of inputs help the organization
reach its goals
■ “doing things right”
■ “doing the right things”
■ concern with
means(ways) of getting ■ concern with ends(result)
things done of organizational goal
achievement
OR…
Efficiency and Effectiveness
Efficiency
■ Efficiency = getting work done with
a minimum effort, expense, or waste
■ (use resources – people, money, raw
materials– wisely and cost-
effectively)
‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‬ ■
‫وھﻲ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
.‫ﺑﺄھﺪاف ﻣﺤﺪدة وﺗﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬
.‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻤﻮارد‬ ■
Effectiveness
■ Effectiveness = accomplish tasks
that help fulfill organizational
objectives
■ (make the right decisions and
successfully carry them out to
accomplish the org. goal)
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ■
‫وھﻲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﻟﻤﺪى ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة وھﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻟﻤﺪى إﻧﺠﺎز اﻷھﺪاف‬ ■
Efficiency and Effectiveness in
Management
Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness
(Ends)

Resource Goal
Usage Attainment

Low Waste High Attainment

Management Strives for:

Low Resource Waste (high efficiency)
High Goal Attainment (high effectiveness)
Important notes:

1. Efficiency alone is not enough to ensure success in

management.
2. Efficiency and effectiveness is important in
management to ensure success.
3. Good management is basic to starting a business,
growing a business, and maintaining a business after
it has achieved some measure of success.
Area of Management:

■ Functional Managers V.S.

General Managers
Area of Management:

■ Functional Manager is
responsible for just 1
organizational activity

■ General Manager is responsible

for several organizational
activities
Management Functions
and Skills
FUNCTIONS OF
MANAGEMENT
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
Planning
• Planning is determining organizational goals and a means for achieving
them.
• During planning one needs to ask oneself the following:
• What am I trying to accomplish i.e. what is my objective?
• What resources do I have and do I need to accomplish the same?
• What are the methods and means to achieve the objectives?
• Is this the optimal path?
Organizing

■ Organizing is deciding where

decisions will be made, who will
do what jobs and tasks, and who
will work for whom.
Leading

Leading is inspiring
and motivating
workers to work hard
to achieve
organizational goals.
Controlling

Controlling is monitoring progress

toward goal achievement and taking
corrective action when needed.
Management
Skills = ?
 MANAGERIAL SKILLS

CONCEPTUAL

HUMAN

TECHNICAL
TECHNICAL SKILLS

Technical Skills: job-specific knowledge and techniques

needed to proficiently perform work tasks

For eg: Engineer, accountant, data entry operator, lawyer,

doctor etc.
HUMAN SKILLS

■ Human Skills: ability to work well with other people

both individually and in group
For eg: Interpersonal relationships, solving people’s
problem and acceptance of other employees.
CONCEPTUAL SKILLS

■ Conceptual skills are the ability to see the

organization as a whole, understand the relationships
among various subunits, visualize how the
organization fits into its external environment
For eg: Idea generation and analytical process of
information.
Task (1)
Put (T) or (F):

1. Efficiency is concerned with means (ways) of getting things done.

2. Effectiveness alone is enough to ensure success in management.
3. There are three functions of management.
4. During organizing you can ask yourself, What resources do I have? and What
resources do I need to accomplish the same?
5. Good management is basic to starting a business, growing a business and
maintaining that business.
6. Functional manager is responsible for just 1 organizational activity.
7. General manager is responsible for several organizational activities.
8. Examples of technical skills are idea generation and analytical process of
information.
9. Examples of human skills are the interpersonal relationships, solving people’s
problem and acceptance of other employees.
Task (1)
Put (T) or (F):

1. Efficiency is concerned with means (ways) of getting things done. (T)

2. Effectiveness alone is enough to ensure success in management. (F) is not enough
3. There are three functions of management. (F) four
4. During organizing you can ask yourself, What resources do I have? and What
resources do I need to accomplish the same? (F) planning
5. Good management is basic to starting a business, growing a business and
maintaining that business. (T)
6. Functional manager is responsible for just 1 organizational activity. (T)
7. General manager is responsible for several organizational activities. (T)
8. Examples of technical skills are idea generation and analytical process of
information. (F) conceptual skills
9. Examples of human skills are the interpersonal relationships, solving people’s
problem and acceptance of other employees. (T)
 Task (2)
Rearrange the following steps from 1 to 5:

• Develop effective action. ( )

• Develop commitment. ( )
• Set goals. ( )
• Maintain flexibility. ( )
• Track progress toward goal achievement. ( )
 Task (2)
Rearrange the following steps from 1 to 5:

• Develop effective action. ( 3 )

• Develop commitment. ( 2 )
• Set goals. (1 )
• Maintain flexibility. ( 5 )
• Track progress toward goal achievement. ( 4 )
Task (3.1)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is determining organizational

goals and a means for achieving them.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.1)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is determining organizational

goals and a means for achieving them.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.2)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is deciding where decisions will

be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and
who will work for whom.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.2)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is deciding where decisions will

be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and
who will work for whom.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.3)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is inspiring and motivating

workers to work hard to achieve organizational
goals. .

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.3)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is inspiring and motivating

workers to work hard to achieve organizational
goals. .

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.4)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is monitoring progress toward

goal achievement and taking corrective action
when needed.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.4)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- is monitoring progress toward

goal achievement and taking corrective action
when needed.

a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
Task (3.5)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- job-specific knowledge and

techniques needed to proficiently perform work
tasks

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills
Task (3.5)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- job-specific knowledge and

techniques needed to proficiently perform work
tasks

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills
Task (3.6)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- ability to work well with other

people both individually and in group.

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills
Task (3.6)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- ability to work well with other

people both individually and in group.

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills
Task (3.7)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- are the ability to see the

organization as a whole, understand the
relationships among various subunits, visualize
how the organization fits into its external
environment.

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills
Task (3.7)
Read the statement and choose the best
answer:

------------------- are the ability to see the

organization as a whole, understand the
relationships among various subunits, visualize
how the organization fits into its external
environment.

a) Technical skills
b) Human skills
c) Conceptual skills