Chuong IX DICH VA DIEN; DICH VA GAT TIA Dién nghia va cAt tia 1a hai hoat déng gan lién voi qua trinh dich. Hai hoat déng nay ddi héi ngudi dich khong nhing cé mét kién thie vé ngén nga Viét va Anh’ ma edn sy lanh tri thio vat va sdng tao. _ A. DICH VA DIEN Chinh xde 1A nguyén tée sf mOt trong phién dich. Nhung cé khi ngudi dich khéng thé bam sdt vao céu chit olla tée gid vi néu lam nbu vay, ban dich 6 thé tré nén khé hiéu hay 16 bich d¢i véi nguti doc. Sau day chting ta xét vai trudng hgp. I. Van dé van hoa trong dich Dich mét ban van tir m6t ngén ngt nay (Li) sang mét ngén ngit khdc (L2) cing dai héi phai chi ¥ dén nhimg diém van héa dj bidt, Vdi Anh We staged strikes not on political but on bread-and-butter issues. Wiét Chung téi té chite nhitng eudc dink céng khong phdi vi nhitng vdn dé chink tri va ma ul nhiing vdn dé “Bread” (bdnh mi) va "Butter" (ba) ed thé déi véi ngudi Viet Ja nhéng thd cao sang, nhung déi vdi ngudi Anh, chi 1a thie 4n binh thudng hang ngay, nh cém véi ed déi voi ngudi Viet. Vi vay, cau trén c6 thé dich - ... khéng phdi vi nhiing vdn dé chink tri ma. vi nhitng vdn dé thude vé com do (hode com do gqo tién), 138svd2 Ah He unexpectedly found a perfect watercolour to ge above the —————-mantielpiect Wit Anh dy belt ngi thdy moe bite hoa hoan mg ve bans mige mau dé treo bén tren _A mantelpiece: Cai 62 cila cdi 10 sudi trong phone khéch. Néu dich nguyén-xi-nhu vay thi-d6c gid nguti Viet khong ¥ thie duge su tran trong cia anh dy doi vdi bic hoa. Céi “mantel- piece" 1a noi ngutvi Anh thudng trang trong dat anh cia chi nha, vg cha nha vA mot it dé vat my thudt cho dep mat, Noi tom lai, dé 1A noi trang trong nhat trong phong khach. Vi thé gap mét truéng hgp nhu vay, 6 16 ngudi dich nén chon sy uyén chuyén va hy sinh sy chinh xd4e, Cau trén ¢6 thé dich: - ... dé@ (treo) vdo noi trang trong nhdt trong phong khach, vd3. Anh The bride was walking down the aisle, wearing a happy I smile. Viet Cé déu dang bitie di médt ~ ay ewai hank phite trén moi. The aisle: 16i di gitia hai day ghé, trong rap hat hay trong nha thd. Nhung néu dich "di xudng gitta hai day ghé" thi qua that la ... v@ vi. Cau trén ed thé dich: - Co dau dang tin Ién truée ban tha dé lam 14 hgp edn / tién hanh hon_1é. Vida Anh I'm not the kind of man that bites the hand that feeds him. Viet Toi Bhong Phat ia b hang nei yaa = Anh I'm your mother! How can you bite the hand that feeds you? Wit Tao La me may! Sao may 2136“Bite the hand that feeds one" cau néi din dén suf lién tudng (association) mot con ch6, va ch6 thi thudng licks his master’s hand dé t8 long tri 4n. Vi vay, hai cfu nay 1a nhitng cau néi phd thong cia ngu@i Anh, nhung khi dich, nh&t dinh khéng thé dich ting chit mt dugc. Mét trong nhiing tit phd hop nhét c6 16 1a “yong on". . + Téi khéng phdi la hang ngubi vong on. - Ma la md cila con ddy! Sao eon vong on dit vity. vd5 Anh Will you marry me? Hoge Please marry me. Khi ngu@i dan éng néi véi ngutti yéu nh thé thi phai dich sang tiéng Vigt sao day? Chi "eudi" che chin 1a khong 6n rdi. wi6 Anh To the Western palate - and nose - durian proved even less appetizing than man’s best friend. Vigt Doi vdi khdu vi cita nguéi phuong Tay - va cd khitu gide nia + sdu riéng thdm chi eang hho nut hon ed . man's best friend 1a do edu: The dog is man's best friend. Ngudi Tay phusng coi con ché la "pets" (thi dé lam ban) chit khéng phi 1a thd dé an thit, Céu trén dich la: thit edy (= dog meat), IL Thanh ngG@ trong tiéng Viet Nguge lai, rat nhiéu khi ching ta phai dién gidi mot cym tir c6 tinh chat cia mét thanh ngi - tric 1A ndm r6_nghia cia né (make sure what is really meant) tride khi dich. Mot so thanh ngt cé nghia riéng cing nhie ela chung, nhung cing c6 mét so thanh ng eé m6t sé nghia hoi uyén chuyén va nghia dich thyc cia chung chi due x4 dinh béi mt ngit canh. 137Ching ta thit xem xét mQt 86 tring hgp sau day: ____* Bat dung v6 - Wigt Anh dy da quyét dink tit bd san khdu vi nghi rang dé khong phdi la dét dung vé citi anh ta. Dién nghia: Linh vye dé phat huy tai nang hay ede kha ning tiém 4n. Anh He has decided to give up his career in the theater, thinking that it is not an area where he can develop his talents fully. Viét Ank dy quyét dinh lén Sai Gon dé tim dat dung v6. ‘Tim dét dung vé: Tim co hoi dé phat trién tai nang. Anh He decided to go to Saigon in search of an opportunity to develop his talents. Vigt Séng gitta nhiing ngudi cd cdnh gide nhu vay, thdng ba xao hhéng 06 ddt dé dung v6. Bat dé dung vo: Co hoi dé gid tro. ‘Anh Living among such watchful people the scoundrel has no opportunity/chance to play his tricks. * An com byt Wigt Vi khong cé thi gis dé vé nha wdo ite gidi lao giita tra nén tdt cd ching t6i déu di dn com bui. Dién nghia: An com & mt quén bén vé dudng. Anh Because we do not have enough time to go home at the noon break. we dil cido co to the roadside foodstalls for lunch. # nade IAna trite Aiicie Wane sau Viet Ong ba ta ed ndi: Mat long trude duge lang sau, bd ndi ngay. cho tyi bay biét la ding cé tity tign md tivi cda dng nha trong phong khdch. Ba chil nhe ndi vdi ching é6i. | 138Dién nghia: Day 1a mét thanh ngi thutng duge sit dung 6 nghia: Li noi thang co thé lam mat long, nhung n6 e6 thé tao ra sy hiéu biét, tranh higu lam, tranh rc rdi vé sau. Anh “As a saying has it: Frank words may hurt at first but they can eliminate any possible trouble in people's relationship,” the landlady said to us. "I must say at once that you are not allowed ta use my husband's TV in the living room without asking.” Céu trén 6 thé nit gon ma khéng cAn nhde téi ndi dung cia cau thanh ngi tiéng Viet. "I may sound rude," the landlady told us, "but to avoid any possible trouble in our relationship, I must tell you right away that you can not use my husband's TV in the living room without asking." “Duge long sau" cing e6 thé dich: To ensure a pleasant / satisfactory relationship. * Séng chét vdi nghé Viét Chuing ta cdn nhitng thdy gido séng chét udi nghé. Dich nghia: "Séng chét véi nghé" cé nghia hoan toan tan tuy véi nghé: Wholly dedicated / committed to one's career / pro- fession / work. Anh We need teachers who are wholly dedicated to'the teaching career. * Khi nao khéng hay Cum tit e6 vé don gifn, nhung méi truéng hop phéi dich mbi cach ~ @: Vidt Toi ngd thiép khi nao hhong hay. Anh I dozed off / fell asleep / dropped off, (ding thi qué khd) Vigt Thoi gian tréi thé@t nhank! Maa thu dén khi nao toi khéng hay. & 139-3Anh How time flies! I didn't realize that autumn had set in. —______Nguti-phat-biéu_khi-néi_cAu trén_ thi da biét_mba thu_da téi. Wi vdy phai ding "I didn't realize" (thi qué khw). Vigt Ho ngd ngon dén néi cé lén ra khdi nha khi ndo ho cing khéng hay. Anh They had slept so soundly that they did not know when she had sneaked out of the house. Bay git ho ty hdi e6 dy d4 ra di Ide nao. Vist Ong ‘ta lam viéc say sia dén nédi nang & bén canh mé éng vdn khéng hay. Anh He was so absorbed in his work that he was not aware of her presence . Cau nay hoan to&n cing nghfa véi cfu trén, tie 1A ong dy van chua biét. Viét Ong dy lam viée say sua dén néi ong khong hay nang da dén hic nao. Anh He had been so absorbed in his work that he did not know when she had come. Lie nay - lic duge néi dén - thi 6ng da biét nang cé mat, nhung nang dén lie mao thi ong khong biét. . Nghia béng (Figurative meaning) Trong vin khoa hoe, ti dive hiéu theo nghia den (literal meuning). Tiny woug van bev Chi via iicu tauySu, ain U9 iin nia theo nghia béng trong mot ngif cinh nao dé. Hon nia, ngén ngit néi tiéng Anh day cd idioms va slang. a 140Trong phan sau day, sinh vién duge tap lam quen véi mot so ky nang dé nhan biét. khi nao tif cin phdi hiéu theo nghia béng (need to be taken firuratively), . * Metaphor: Phép an dy Phép dn du 1a mét 16i vi'von. Hay xét edu sau day: - In England, marriage has become a panda bear of a social institution. A social institution: mét tap tue x4 hgi A panda bear hay a panda: con gau tric, mot thi hoang quy hiém ‘Trung Qué of nguy co bj tuyét ching. Ca cau trén cé thé dich: - O Anh, hén nhén dé tré thanh mét tép tue xf héi dang suy tan. VGi edu trén, khong thé bam theo nghia den ma phdi dich “thoat" nhu vay, ngudi doc Viét méi hiéu dufge mét cdch d& dang, ‘Trong tiéng Anh, ngudi ta chia ra hai loai vi. von, mot loai -goi JA simile, mt 161 so sénh dimg Like, As. Vd Her face was like a mask. (a simile) Loai kia goi 1A metaphor, mt 10i so sAnh khéng ding téi Like va As. . Vdi These children have brought some sunshine into our cold lives, (a metaphor) Nhing dua tré nay dé dem igi mét chit ndng dm cha cude dai lank gié cita ching téi. Vd2 She has a heart_of stone. ee Cé dy cd mét tréi tim bang dé | mOt irdi tim khong bit xtic cdm. . elasLéi vi von 6 cing gén giéng nhu trong tiéng Viét. Nhung cach vi von sau 14 dac biét cla ligne J Anh va doi khi gy-khé khan cho sinh vién Viet Nam. Vd: Vda The conflict between reformers and dinosaurs has never been so raw or 80 exposed - Newsweek Sy xung dét giila nhiing nha edi cdch va nhiing chink tri gia gid nua bao thu chia bao gid lai gay gdt hay céng khai nh vdy. Foreigners may use English idioms which are really lan- guage dinosaurs. Nhitng ngubi ngogi quéc ¢6 thé sit dung ede thank nga titng Anh dé qué ef 15 sf it ai dung téi. Dinosaurs nguyén nghia 14 con khiing long. Nhung trong nghia bong, tit nay chi ngudi hay vat gid nua, 6 16 si, khdng con pha hgp véi thai dai méi. vat Wd2 T's a jade of a city. D6 la mét thanh phd dep (nhut m§t vien ngoe bich). A mountain of a woman challenged him. Mot my dan bé dé s6 nhu trdi nui chan Adi anh dy. Cau tric cia 16i dn dy nay gém N, + of + N,. Tw sau la nguti hay vat duge vi véi cdi tix true chi dinh. Mét s vi du khée: - She's married to a clod of a man. Breer ot DNS ND thet cree Bete A alads mit ann Att - The Korean guard flashed out his board of a hand. Tén bdo ve ngudi Trig Tién vung ra nhanh nhit chép ban tay to niu idm vdn eda ga. dr 142 oaBai tap Dich nhiing cu sau day ra tiéng Viet 1. Since the dawn of the computer era, pundits have been pre- dicting the demise of the book. But, though profit margins are being squeezed, there is still no sign of terminal illness in the global publishing industry. Now along comes a thumping great dinosaur of a book that would seem to suggest the pundits have a point: some publications might work better in digital form. Notes Thumping + very big; huge Have a point : ndl cé ly a They'll beth wear the pants Recently there has been lots of talk about the growing phe- nomenon of women who choose not to get married. Apparently GLORIA STEINEM hasn't been in on these conversations. On Sept. 3, Steinem, 66, who co-founded Ms, Magazine and once said, "A woman needs a man like a fish needs a »" tied the knot with DAVID BALE, 61, a South African-born business- dB ocman who made his fortune importing skateboards to the U.S: and who also happens to be the father of American Psycho starChristian Bale Notes To wear the pants : mdm quyén (slang) Ex: She wears the pants in her family, Trong gia dinh e6 &y nam quyén, Gloria steinem 2 mét phy nit My tranh diy cho ni quyén. Who happens to be (tam dich) duoc biét la, Jai fa (dé chi mot diéu Khdm phé ra mot each bat ngd). B. DICH VA CAT TIA C&t tia cdu chit trong nguyén ban cing 1a mét hoat ding gin lign véi cong tdc dich. S di e6 nhu cdu ct tia la do hai yéu to sau day: = Su khée biét gitja tigng Viet va tiéng Anh vé cdch str dung tir va ed phap. = _L6i hah van cia chinh tac gid (khong dé cap & day). (d6i nga gido vien), dja ban (Vd: tron u nghigp (Vd: sy nghiép cong nghiép héa hién dai héa), vdn dé (Vd: Van dé nan mai dim), khi chuyén qua tiéng Anh, trong rt nhidu truémg hop, ching ta ¢6 thé edt bd dé cau vin ti&ng Anh duge gon gang ma van khéng am sai I@ch nghia cia ban vin ting Vist. ww iddsBal tap 1. Hay dich nhiing c4u nay ra tiéng-Anh (ct tia) a, Trong thang qua trén dia ban thanh phé c6 103 vy trom xe gan may (motorbike thefts). b. Vi dOi ni gido vién cia ching ta mang nén vide giang day ca ba van phai con tiép tye. c. Ching tdi tri an sau sc nhting nha gido da céng hién ca dai minh cho suf nghiép gido duc. 2, Hay dich lai nhiing cdu nay di gip day dé trong cde oman ic (d8 ¥ cdc tit phai dién) a. Thay ng, cAting hét hong dinh bd chay. b. Chiing ti c&n nhting gido vién cé tm long dé vdi he sinh bj khuyét tat. c, MOt ngay am ay phai ban 100 vé 8, Néu ban 6 em sé khong co aA td Tara 145fuadt sink d. Léng tdi se lai khi thay chung chia nhau liém cay kem motedch them thuéng, @. Thay ti dang ngéi cau, né mon mon én ahgee v 0 146 we