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ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ
ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ
ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ )ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ • ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ
ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ،ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ( ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ • ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺕ • ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ • • ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ
ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ • • ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ
• ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ
ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ
ﻭ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ • ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ
ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ• ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ
ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻡ ﺍﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ • ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ
ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﻭ
ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ،ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ
ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺏ ﻩ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ،ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ،ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ
ﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ،ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ
ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ« ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ،ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ
ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ.
ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ )ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ،ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻫﻢ ( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ،ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ
ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺖ -ﺁپ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ،
ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ »ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ
ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ« ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻱﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ
ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ
ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻭ
ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ 2800ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ
ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ
ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻳﻚ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ،
ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕﻫﺎ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ
1.1ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 1
2.1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ 1
1.2ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 11
1.3ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 24
.8.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ،ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ 26
1.4ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 28
2.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ 28
.1.6ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 46
.2.6ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ 46
.2.5.7ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ 74
.7.7ﺳﻮﻟﻪ-ﻋﺮﺍﻕ 76
.1.7.7ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ 76
ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ 1.1ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ
ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍً
3.1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻠﻮﻍ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ،ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ
ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ
ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﻥ ،ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺪﺍﻧﻪ
ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ:
ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ
ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ
ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺕ
ﺁﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ
ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺗﻨﻬﺎ
ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ،ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ، 2.1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ،ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺸﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﺰﻭ
ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ،ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ
ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 30ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ
ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ
ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ
ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ
ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺁﻥﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ.
ﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﺻﻼً ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ
ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺵﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ .
ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ،
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ،ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ
ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ
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ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ،ﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ،ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ %40 ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ،ﻭ ﺩﺭ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍژ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ،ﺍﺯ
ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻠﻲ ،ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ
ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ، ﭘﺮﺭﻧﮓﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ .ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻭ
ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ،ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ.
ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ
ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﻪ، ﻧﻤﻮﺩ:
ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ :ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻬﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ :ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﻥ ،ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ
1387ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺎﻣﻞﺗﺮ
ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ،ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ،ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ،ﻣﻠﻲ ،ﺑﻮﻣﻲ، ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢِ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ،
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺁﻥ، ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻥﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥﺩﻗﺖ،
ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ:
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ،
.1.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ
.2.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ
.3.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ،
.4.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ
.5.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ
.6.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮﻱ
ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
.1.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ:
ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ •
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ،ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻩﺏﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ
ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ •
ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ
ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ •
ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ •
ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ
ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻢﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ.
4.1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ
ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ،ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ،ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ
ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ،ﻃﻲ 10ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ
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ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ 1385ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ
1.09ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎ 1ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ.
-3ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ )ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻫﺎ( :ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ
ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ.
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ
ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﻧﺸﺎﻥﮔﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ
ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ
ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻢﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ 2.47ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ 0.66ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ،4.4ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ1.3 ،
ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
3
ﺩﺭﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ 20ﺳﺎﻟﻪ 1355-1375ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ
ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺑـﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ
ﻣﺼﺎﻟـﺢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺑـﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﮔـﺮﭼﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻩ ﺍﻱ 1355-1365
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ 1365-1375ﺩﺭﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ
ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ) .ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛَـﻢﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(.
ﺍﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ
ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﮕﻨـﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺑـﺮﻧـﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ
ﺗـﺎﻣﻴـﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﻩﺏﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ .ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﮔـﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺑـﻪ
ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﻭﺍﻡ ،ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻗــﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ
ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ
- 2ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ :ﺷﺎﺧﺺ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ
ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ،ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ 30ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 10ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻲﺩﻭﺍﻡ ،ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ )ﻛﻢﺩﻭﺍﻡ(
50ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ 1385ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ 25ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ،ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ،ﺁﺟﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻦ ،ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ،ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻋﻲ
ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻮء ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺟﺮ ﻭ ﭼﻮﺏ ،ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ
ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻩﺏﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ،ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﺟﺮ ،ﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺁ
ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭼﻮﺏ ،ﺧﺸﺖ ﻭ
ﻛﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻮﺏ ،ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ
-ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ -ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ،ﺑﺨﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ،ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ،...
ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺁﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
.2.4.1ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺗﻮﺟﻪ
ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ،ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ،ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ،ﻭ
...ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ
ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ،ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ،ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻨﺠﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎً ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ،ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺸﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ
ﻩﺏﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ –ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ-
ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺖﻧﺪ .
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ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ،ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ
ﺳﻮﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ،ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ
ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ،ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ
ﭘﻴﺶﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ. ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﻩﺏﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ
ﺑﺎ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ،ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ
ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ،ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺭﺍ
ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ: ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ،ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ
ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ،ﺩﭼﺎﺭ
ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﺑﺮﺵ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ -1ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ :ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ
ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻫﺮﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ،ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ:
ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕﻣﻠﻲﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ
ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ
ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ،ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ،ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺳﺒﻚ
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ،%80ﺩﺭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ
ﺑﻪﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ
-2ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ :ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺜﻤﺮﺛﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
2800ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ
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-3ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ :ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ
ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ،
ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺳﻔﺖﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕﺑﺮﻗﻲ ،ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ،
ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ( ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺼﺮﻑﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ،ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ
ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ.
ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ
ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﺣﻪ
ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ:
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ -4ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ :ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ
ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗَﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ،
ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ،ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚﺳﻮﻡ
ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻩﺏﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1991ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ
ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻛﺴﻞ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ.
ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻃﻲ 30ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ،ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ
ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ %13/34ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ،ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ
ﺑﺮﺩ.
ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻭ
ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ،
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-5ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ :ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ
ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ
ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ
ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ،ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ
ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻛَﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ،
ﺣﺎﻝ ﻩﺏ ﺍ ﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ
- 1ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ :ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ
ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ.
ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﺍ ﻩﺏﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ،ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ:
ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻼﻥ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ • ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ
ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩﺳﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
• ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻴﺶﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ
• ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺶﺍﺯﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ
)ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ(
• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺶﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ
• ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ
ﻫﺪﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﻩﺏﻓﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ،ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ،ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ
ﺭﺷﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ
• ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻙ
ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
• ﻧﻮﺍﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
• ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺑﻪﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
• ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ %700ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﻪ
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ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ،ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ
ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ: ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ،ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
• ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ -3ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ
• ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎﻙﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ
• ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻩﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ
• ﻋﺪﻡ ﻳﻚﭘﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻫﻨﻪ )ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
• ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻩﺏﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ )ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ(
ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ
• ﺧﺎﻙﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻔﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ
ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ،ﺧﻄﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ
ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ
ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ
• ﺁﺗﺶﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ
ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ ،ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ
ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ ،ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ،ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﻃﺒﻖ
ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ،ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ،ﻣﺼﻤﻢﺗﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ )ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁژﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ
ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ژﺍﭘﻦ )ﺟﺎﻳﻜﺎ( ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ "ﺭﻳﺰﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ
ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍَﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگ" ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺴﻞ ﺭﻱ ،ﺑﺰﺭگ-
ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ،ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺸﺮ ،ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ.
ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ:
-4ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ -1ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤـﺎﻥ )ﺍﻳﻤـﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ
ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺒﻚﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻩﺏ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻲ
ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ،ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺍﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ -2ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ( ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ )ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ(
ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ،ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ 300.000ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
)ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ( .ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ
ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ،ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ،ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ 8ﺳﺎﻝ
ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ %100ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 400.000ﻭﺍﺣﺪ( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ
ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺷﻤﻦ
ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻏﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲِ ﺣﺬﻑﻧﺸﺪﻧﻲ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ
ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ.
ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ،
ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻌﻀﺎً ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ،ﻭﻟﻲ
ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ
ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ،ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ،ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ،
ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﮔﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ.
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ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ
ﻟﺬﺍ ،ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻠﻢﻭﺻﻨﻌﺖ ،ﺻﺤﺒﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ
ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ،ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ، ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ
ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﺨﺸﺪ ،ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟِﺪ ﺍﺯ
ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ،
ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎً ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ
-5ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ
ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ
ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ،ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺍﻳﻦﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﻛﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ،ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺯ
ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ
ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭﻛﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﻭ
ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﭻﺑﺮگﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ
ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ: ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ.
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5.1ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ
ﺷﺪﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺧﻴﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ،ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ
ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ:
ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﻨّﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻱﻛﭗﺍﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ
ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻛﻤﻲ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝﺍﺯﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺭﻳﺰﻧﺪ.
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ
ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻨﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻭ
ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺏ ﻩ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ
ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ،ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ )ﺍﺭﺑﻴﻞ( ،ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ )ﺑﺎﻛﻮ(،
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻳﺖ ،ﻗﻄﺮ )ﺩﻭﺣﻪ( ،ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ ،ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ )ﺍﺑﻮﻇﺒﻲ(
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ،ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
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ﻓﺼﻞ دوم
11
ﺷﻜﻞ 4.2ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎرج ازﺻﻔﺤﻪ دﻳﻮار آﺟﺮي در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﻓﻮﻻدي
ﻣﻬﻢ ،ﺑﻢ
12
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ در ﺷﻜﻞ 10.2ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 12.2ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ و ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎرج ازﺻﻔﺤﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﺪاﻳﺶ دﻳﻮار از ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻛﻨﺎرهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﻜﻞ 9.2
ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ )ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ(1933 ، )ﺳﻴﻼﺧﻮر(
13
ﺷﻜﻞ 13.2ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎرج از ﺻﻔﺤﻪ در دﻳﻮار ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ )ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ،
(1935
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اﻟﻒ -ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪي ﻧﺮم )ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻤﻲ در ارﺗﻔﺎع(
ب -ﭘﻴﭽﺶ )ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻤﻲ در ﭘﻼن(
ج -ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه )ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ(
رﻓﺘﺎر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻗﺎب ﺳﺎزهاي ﻃﻮري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان
دﻳﻮار را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ 25.2ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪاي ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي
ﻛﺮد.
15
1.3.2اﻧﺪرﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺎب و دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهي آﺟﺮي
در ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي 26.2و 27.2ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي از اﻧﺪرﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه و
ﺳﺘﻮن ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﭼﻨﺎنﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم
ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮن و ﺗﻴﺮ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪدﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ
ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺳﺘﻮن در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ،ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻲ رخ داده اﺳﺖ .ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ
ﺷﻜﻞ 28.2ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ درﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ
ﺑﻠﻮك ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺳﺘﻮن ،ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد
ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
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ﺷﻜﻞ 33.2ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎرج از ﺻﻔﺤﻪي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ
ﺷﻜﻞ 36.2ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻛﻪ داراي ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ،ﺑﺮ روي ﻃﺒﻘﻪي
ﻫﻢﻛﻒ ﺧﻮاﺑﻴﺪهاﺳﺖ.
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ﺷﻜﻞ 40.2ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻘﻪي ﻧﺮم و ﭘﻴﭽﺶ
ﺷﻜﻞ 37.2ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪي ﻧﺮم
) ب(
ﺷﻜﻞ 39.2ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن دﻳﻮار در ﭘﻼن
ﺷﻜﻞ 42.2دو ﺣﺎﻟﺖ دﻳﻮار ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﺼﻞ )اﻟﻒ( و ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮن )ب(
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ﺑﺮﺷﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد .در ﺷﻜﻞ 46.2ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه
ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
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ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺘﻮن و ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺘﻮن
ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ،ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰمﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻜﺴﺖ آن ،ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ .اﮔﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع
ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ،ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺘﻮن(،
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮكﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺮي و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮدﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ
ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ 47.2رخ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد .اﮔﺮ ﺳﺘﻮن ،ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ
ارﺗﻔﺎع دﻳﻮار زﻳﺎد ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺷﻜﺴﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺘﻮن ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺧﻤﺸﻲ
ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ،ﺷﻜﻞ .48.2در ﺷﻜﻞ 49.2ﺧﺮدﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي
ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد .ﻣﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﻜﺴﺖ دﻳﻮار ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت
ﺷﻜﻞ 49.2ﺧﺮدﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺗﺮكﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺮي ﺗﺮكﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه در ﻛﻨﺎرهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 51.2ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪي اول در زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪهي ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه
20
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه )دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮد ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺷﻜﻞ52.2
ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ(
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ﺷﻜﻞ 58.2وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﺪﻳﺪي در ﺳﺘﻮن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮب ﺳﺘﻮن در ﺳﻤﺖ راﺳﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ 60.2ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ
ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن از ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﺮورﻳﺰش رﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 62.2ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ 61.2ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ دﻳﮕﺮي از ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺪرﺳﻪي ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي 62.2و 63.2
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه وﺟﻮد دارد.
ﺷﻜﻞ 60.2در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﻮن اﺟﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد )ﻗﻼب
90درﺟﻪ ﺑﻪﺟﺎي ﻗﻼب 135درﺟﻪ( )ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ.(1999،
22
ﺷﻜﻞ 66.2روش اﺟﺮاي ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ورق ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه در ﺳﻘﻒ
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺘﻮن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮكﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺮي ﺷﺪﻳﺪي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ
ﺷﻜﻞ 64.2ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد.
4.2راه ﺣﻞ
ﺷﻜﻞ 67.2اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮزﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ در ﺳﻮﻟﻪ راه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻣﻮد ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎرج از ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اﻧﻮاع دﻳﻮار ،اﺟﺮاي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﻮار ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت و ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
] .[1ﺗﺎﺑﺶﭘﻮر ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ؛ » دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه آﺟﺮي در ﻗﺎبﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي«، ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﻮار ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ
اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻓﺪكاﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮان.1388 ، اﺟﺮاي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
] .[2ﺗﺎﺑﺶﭘﻮر ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ؛ » ﺑﻬﺴﺎزي ﻟـﺮزهاي ﻗﺎﺑﻬـﺎي ﺳـﺎزه اي داراي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع دﻳﻮار ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺧﻤﻴﺮه ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮزﻳﺖ
دﻳﻮار ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪهي آﺟﺮي« ،اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻓﺪكاﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮان.1388 ، اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ،ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
] .[3ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﭘﻮر ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ؛ "رﻓﺘﺎر ﻟﺮزه اي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ" ،اﻧﺘﺸـﺎرات در ﺷﻜﻞ 65.2اﺟﺮاي درز ﺑﻴﻦ دﻳﻮار و ﺳﺘﻮن و ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻮم
ﻓﺪكاﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮان.1389 ، ﻧﺮم ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺷﻜﻞ 66.2روش اﺟﺮاي ﻧﺒﺸﻲ
] .[4ﻋﻜﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ زﻟﺰﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً از ﮔﺰارﺷﻬﺎ و ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ورق ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه در ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.
ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺮاد زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ :ﺣﺴﻦ اﻓﺸﻴﻦ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻗﻠﻮ ،ﻋﺒﺎداﷲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع اﺟﺮا ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ .67.2
ﻗﻨﺒﺮي.
] .[5ﺳﺮوﻗﺪﻣﻘﺪم ،ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺿﺎ؛ ﮔﺰارش ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ درب آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ
ﺳﻴﻼﺧﻮر.1385 ،
] .[6ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان ،دﻓﺘﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ و ﺗـﺮوﻳﺞ
ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن.1384 ،
23
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ
24
12ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ 3ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ،ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ 2 ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻩﺏﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ،ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ،2ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻩﺏﻋﻠﺖ -3ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ :ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ 60ﺑﻪ 46ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ،ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ
ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ
.5.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ،ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻩﺏﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ.
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 12 × 46 × 300ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ -4ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻠﻲﭘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻠﻦ :ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ
3ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﭘﻠﻲﭘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ،ﺣﻔﻆ ﻳﻚﭘﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ
ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍ ﻩﺏﻭﺟﻮﺩ
ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. ﺁﻭﺭﺩ.
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 7/4/1390ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻩﺏﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ
70091ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ
ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ .2.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘــﺎﻧــﻞ
ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ،ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ 300
ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ،ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Easywallﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ،ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ
.6.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﺷﺸﻢ ،ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺁﻥ
ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ،ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﻱ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻩﺏﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ
ﮔﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ.
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ،ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ .3.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﻡ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻠﻲﭘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ،ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ 60ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 300ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ
ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ 12ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ 4ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻩﺏﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ،ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 25/2/1391ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻱ 75038ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ
ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺏﺟﺎﻳﻲ
ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺁﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻩ
ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ،ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺏﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﺩ ،ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻩ
ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺭﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ .4.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ،ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ
ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ،ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ،ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ،
ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ،ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ
ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ 270ﺍﻟﻲ 330ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ،ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ،
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ
ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ 3ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ
ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺑﺪﻳﻦﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ 46ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 300ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ
25
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺯﻭﺑﻮﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ،ﺩﻭﺭﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺭﺭﻓﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 24/2/1391ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 75028ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻩﺏﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ،ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﻨﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ
ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺑﺎ
ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ،ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺳﺒﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺏﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ
ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ %100ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺕﻕﺍﺿﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻭ
ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺁﻥ ،ﮔﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ
ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ. ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ
.8.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ،ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ،ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ،
ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ،ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺯﺑﻨﺪﻱ
ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﮔﻼﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ
ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ ،ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼٌ ﺻﺎﻑ
ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ،ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ 3ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ
ﻃﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ
ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ،ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ .(2 .7.2.3ﮔﺎﻡ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ،ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﻟﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ،ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ
ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ،ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ
ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ %100ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﻩﺏﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻃﻦﺩﻭﺳﺖ
26
ﺷﻜﻞ 2.3ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ )ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺸﻲ( ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ
27
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ
28
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 1.4ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ
29
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
30
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ
1.5 × 10× 10cm ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ
10
)ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ(
ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ
2× 20× 20cm
31
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
ε
4 kg / cm 2
ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ:
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ) 2ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ) 3ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ) 40ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ) 80ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(
32
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 3ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ
ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ،ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ
ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ
ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ
ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ
ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ.
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ
ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ:
• ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ
ﺷﻜﻞ 2.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ • ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ
ﻣﻴﺦﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ
ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ
ﻣﻴﺦﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ
ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺱﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ
ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ
ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ،ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ
ﺷﻜﻞ 3.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ
ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ،ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ
ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
33
ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺏﻩ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺷﻜﻞ 8.4 ﺷﻜﻞ 5.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ
ﺷﻜﻞ 9.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ Tﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ 6.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ
ﺷﻜﻞ 10.4ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ 7.4ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ
34
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ 14.4 ﺷﻜﻞ 11.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ
ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ )ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ(.
35
ﺷﻜﻞ 18.4ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ )ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﻜﻞ 17.4
ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ )ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ(.
.3.2.4ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺳﻮﻡ
ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻴﺦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺻﻔﺤﻪ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 3ﻭ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ 19.4ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ،
ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ 20.4ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ gﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ 21.4ﺗﺎ 23.4ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ
ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ:
• ﺳﺒﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
• ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
»ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ « ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﻢ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ.
36
ﺷﻜﻞ 20.4ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ )ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻤﺶ
ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ(.
37
ﺷﻜﻞ 24.4ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
38
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 2.4ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ )ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ(
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ
ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ
ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )(mm ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )(mm Maxﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
ﺷﻜﺴﺖ )(cm2 ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ )ﻋﺪﺩ( )(Kg
ﺗﺤﻤﻞ
:Rﺭﺯﻳﻦ ،ﭼﺴﺐ :Uﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﭽﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ :Sﺳﺎﺩﻩ :Pﻓﺸﺎﺭ
:Bﺧﻤﺶ :Mﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺶ :CUﻣﻜﻌﺐ :Cﻛﺎﻣﭗﻭﺯﻳﺖ
: CYﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ : COﮔﻮﺷﻪ : SHﺑﺮﺵ :Tﻛﺸﺶ
-1ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﭗ
-2ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﭽﻲ
39
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 3.4ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ )ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﻭﻡ(
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ
ﺿﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ )(mm ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ )(mm ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ )(cm ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
)(Kg/cm2 ) (cm2 ﺗﺤﻤﻞ )(kg )(kg
25.75 213.57 14.87 17.75 - 5500 145 W-F-COMPO 1
28.63 209.57 14.87 17.25 6000 6000 146 F-COMPO 2
22.76 210.85 15.25 17.25 - 4800 140 NON-NON 3
24.82 213.57 16.62 17 - 5300 145 NON-COMPO 4
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ )(kg ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ )(kg ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )(cm ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )(cm ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﺑﺮﺵ( ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
- 450 15 15 W-F-COMPO 1
500 500 15 15 F-COMPO 2
- 360 15 15 NON-NON 3
- 360 15 15 NON-COMPO 4
40
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ
ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ
ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ
ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ 14cm
ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ: 46cm
41
F p = 0.7 AIW p ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎﻧﮓE = 5000 kg / cm 2 :
)= 0.7 × 0.35 × 1.4 × (35 + 15
= 17
= kg / m 2 0.0017 kg / cm 2 ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻭ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ
.3.5ﻣﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ
ﺑﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ 15ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ: ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺟﺮﻱ ،ﺷﻜﺴﺖ
=w = 15 cm × 0.0017 kg / cm 2 0.0255 kg / cm ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ
ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ.
wl 2
=M
8
12
=
c = 6 cm
2
I = 1310 cm 4
ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺑﺎ
0.0255 × h 2
×6
= ft 8 = 2.9 ⇒ h = 4.5 m
1310
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 4/5ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﺟﺎﻳﻲ:
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ
ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ: ﺷﻜﻞ 2.5ﻣﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺻﻔﺤﻪ
ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ
0/005ﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
δ 1
<
h 200
42
F wind = C e C q qA
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺑﺎ :ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩ = 1.9 × 0.8 × 50 × 1
15 ×14 3 14 × 9 3 = 76
= kg / m 2 0.0076 kg / cm 2
=I − = 2580 cm 4
12 12 =w = 15 cm × 0.0076 kg / cm 2 0.114 kg / cm
ﻛﺮﺩ
ﻭ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ : σ cﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
0.114 × 280 2 12 ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
×
8 2 − 35 = 1.95 < f
= ft
2580 54
ta ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ،
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ. σ t − σ c ≤ σ ta
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ. Mc N
= ft − ≤ f ta
ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺵ: I A
ﺷﻮﺩ
ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ .
0.114 × 280 / 2
=f
v = 1.6 < f va ok . wl 2
10 ×1 =M
8
13
.5.5ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ =
c = 6.5 cm
2
ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ I = 1580 cm 4
ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺜﻼً ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ:
ﺍ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺩﺧﻴﺰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )ﻣﺜﻼً ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻞ( ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ 0.114 × 280 2
×6
ﺷﻮﺩ
ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ . = ft 8 35
− = 4.4 = 1.2 f ta
ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ:
ﺍ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ 1310 54
F wind = C e C q qA ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ:
:ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩ ×=
3 0.8 × 84.5 × 1 ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ
= 203
= kg / m 2 0.0203 kg / cm 2
ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ:
=w
= 15 cm × 0.0203 kg / cm 2
0.305 kg / cm ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ
ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ 3ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ
ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ) ( σ cﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ )ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺩ( ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ .
ﺍﺳﺖ.
15cm
1cm
9cm 14cm
43
0.305 × 138 2
×6
σ cﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
=ft =8 3.3 kg / cm 2 < f ta ok . ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
1310
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ،
138ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
σ t − σ c ≤ σ ta
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ 230ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ
Mc N
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ: − ≤ σ ta
I A
I = 2580 cm 4 wl 2
0.305 × 184 2 =M
×6 8
=ft 8
= 3.0 kg / cm 2 < f ta ok . 12
2580 =
c = 6 cm
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 2
230ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ:
ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ:
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺑﺎ
ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ .6.5
I = 1310 cm 4
ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ:
ﺍ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﺶ
ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ 0.305 × 280 2
×6
ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ =ft 8 −
35
=
13 kg / cm 2
ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ: 1310 54
ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ:
=F p
0.4 a P S DS W P I P
RP ( 1+ 2
h)
z
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺑﺎ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ: I = 2580 cm 4
S DS = A ( S + 1) = 2.5 A = 2.5 × 0.35 = 0.875
a P = 1.0 ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ
R P = 2.5 ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ:
I P = 1.0 or 1.5 0.305 × 280 2
×6
(= 1+ 2
z
h) 1 to 3 = f t
8
2580
−
35
54
ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ⇒ = 6.3 kg / cm 2 > f t N .G .
0.4 × 1× 0.875 × (35 + 15) × 1 ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
F p − min ×1
2.5 ﺷﻮﺩ.
= 7 kg / m 2
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ
ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ
ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎ ) 46ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺽ :
0.4 × 1× 0.875 × (35 + 15) × 1.5 ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻼﻑﻫﺎ 92 :ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻳﺎ 138ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻳﺎ 184ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ،
F p − max ×3
2.5 ﻳﺎ 230ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ
= 31.5 kg / m 2 ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ 138ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ
×= w
= 31.5 15 / 10000
0.047 kg / cm
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ)ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ(:
ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ
I = 1310 cm 4
0.047 × h 2
×6
= ft 8 = 2.9 ⇒ h = 3.5 m
1310
44
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ
ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﺎ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺠﻮﻑ
15 ×13 14 ×10
3 3
=I −
12 12
= 1580 cm= 0.6 × 2470 cm 4
4
A-
ﺷﻜﻞ 6.5ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ
45
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ
ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ
ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ .1.6ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ،ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ
ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ -ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺳﺒﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ -ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭ ،ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ،ﺳﻴﻞ ،ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺗﺶﺳﻮﺯﻱ
ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ،ﺍﺯ
ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻩﺏﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ.
ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ،ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺣﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ
ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ،ﮔﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ
.2.6ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ
.1.2.6ﺍﺑــﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ،ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ،
ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ...ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺩﺳﺖﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ،ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ -ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ-
ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﭼﺮﺍ
ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ: ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 30ﺍﻟﻲ 40ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ
- 1ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ :ﻛﻼﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ،ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺶ ﻭ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ،ﻛﻔﺶ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ، ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ
ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ،ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺦﻛﻮﺏ ،ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ،ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ...ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ
ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ
ﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﭼﻴﻨﻲ ،ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ
ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ...ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ
ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ،ﺩﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ...ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ
ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺗﺎ
ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ
46
- 5ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺒﺸﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺸﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ 5/1ﻣﺘﺮﻱ
47
ﺏ -ﺑﺮﻗﻲ :ﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺑﺮ )ﺑﺮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ( ﻭ ﺍﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ )ﺑﺮﺵﻫﺎﻱ
ﻃﻮﻟﻲ(
- 13ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ )ﺗﻮﻛﺎﺭ( :ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺯﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺯ
- 15ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ :ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺯﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﻲﻓﺮﺯ - 9ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺸﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ )ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ(
- 16ﻓﻴﻜﺴﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻓﻮﻡ ﭘﻠﻲﺍﻭﺭﺗﺎﻥ - 10ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ :ﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻭ
ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﭻﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ
48
- 18ﭘﻴﺞ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ
.2.2.6ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ 6 ،5ﻭ 9ﺗﺎﻳﻲ -ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﻥ -ﺑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺏ ﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ
-1 -3ﺗﺎﻭﺭ :ﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ
ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ،ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﺪﻳﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺒﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺒﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ
ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
- 1ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ :ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ
ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ 3ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ 2ﺗﺎ 3ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ.
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.3.2.6ﺩﭘﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ:
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﭘﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁ ﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ
ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ .
ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ
ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ.
.4.2.6ﺍﺟـــﺮﺍﻱ ﭘــﺎﻧﻞ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﻲﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ:
ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ :ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ
ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ :ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ) .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺁﻥ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(.
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺗﮕﺎﻫﻲ :ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ
ﭘﺮﺗﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻢﺍ ﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺴﻮﺭ.
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ :ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ
ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺳﺖﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ :ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ :ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ :ﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ 1ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ 10*50
ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ
ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻣﻴﺦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺖﻥ :ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻛﻮﺏ ،ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
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ﺯ-ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ :ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻛﻮﺏ ،ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ژ-ﺩﺭ ﺩﭘﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ
ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ ،ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻲﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻥﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ :ﻛﻼﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ،
ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻛﻔﺶ ﻛﺎﺭ ،ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ
ﺱ -ﺩﭘﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﺦﻛﻮﺏ ،ﺩﺗﻜﺶ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩﻥ. ﺏ -ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ )ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﺒﻨﺪ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ: ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ 3
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 2/7ﺍﻟﻲ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 10ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
ﺏ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ،ﺍﺯ 3ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺑﺎﺯ
ﻫﻢ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 10ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 2/7ﺍﻟﻲ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ پ -ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ )ﻥﺑﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ ( ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ
ﻳﻚﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ: ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ.
- 1ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻒ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺕ-ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺗﮕﺎﻫﻲ
ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ: ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺏ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ ) .ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺴﻮﺭ(
ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ 12ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ 2ﺗﺎ 3ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺙ-ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺘﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺝ-ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﺧﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ
ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ 1ﺑﻪ 6ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻞ ﺗﺎ 6ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻼﻓﻲ )ﻭﺍﻝﭘﺴﺖ( ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
)ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 3.5ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(.
چ-ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻒ ،ﺏ ﻭ پ
30ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺕ 60ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺡ-ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻋﺮﺽﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ )ﻣﻘﻄﻊ( ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺑﺮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻩﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺥ-ﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ
ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ.
ﺩ-ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ
ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﺫ-ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺮﺯ ﻳﺎ
ﺍﺭﻩﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﺭ -ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﻫﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺁﺳﻲﺏ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ
ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ.
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ﺩ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ
ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ ﭘِﺮِﺳﻲ 1ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻛﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ
ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺏ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﺎﻙ ﻻﻳﻦ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻝ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻦﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﻳﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ
ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻳﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
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ﺝ -ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ - 2ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ
ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ،ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻝ ،ﻳﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ
ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﭻﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ. ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺸﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ-
- 4ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺴﺐ :ﭼﺴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻟﺒﻪﻱ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ
ﺿﺪﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ 25ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﭼﺴﺐﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻘﻒ(.
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺏ -ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺸﻚ
ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ -ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﻻﺯﻡ
ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻳﻚﻧﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ
ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ،ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ.
- 5ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ :ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ،ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺗﻜﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ،ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺴﺐ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ
ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎﻥ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﺒﺸﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ
ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ
ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍ ﺭﺳﺪ.
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ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ :ﻣﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺪﻥ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ،
ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ:ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ
ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ
ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﭽﺴﺒﻨﺪ.
ﺏ -ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ :ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﻑ
ﺩﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 12ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ )ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ
ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﻩ -ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺏ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ
ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ،ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ
ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﭼﺴﺐ EW1ﻭ ﮔﭻ ﭘﺮ
ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺝ -ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻫﻢ :ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﻲ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻩﺏ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺩ -ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ
ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ
ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻴﻢ.
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-6ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺩﺍﺭ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
-7ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﻱ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ -
ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ
ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺵ
ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ،ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
- 6ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ :ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺸﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
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- 7ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ :ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ ،ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻴﭗ
ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﭻ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﻧﺸﻮﻳﻢ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺏﺗﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻙ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ،ﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﺭﺯ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻢ
ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ.
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-3ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ 46ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻩ
ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ 40*40ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ 3.5ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ،ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ،
ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻭﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ. ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ...ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ
-4ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻲﻝ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ 1ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ 1ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ 14ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺏ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 3/5ﻣﺘﺮ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ
ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﺎ ،ﺳﺎﻟﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ...ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ-
ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ،ﺳﻮﻟﻪ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ.ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻩﺏ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﻪ
ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩ ﻱﺗﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻱ 7ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ
6ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺝ -ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ - 1ﻛﻼﻑ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ:ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ 40*40ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ
- 1ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ :O.K.Bﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ: 4ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻡﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ 12
ﺍﻟﻒ-ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ .
ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ،ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ - 2ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ
ﺩﺭ O.K.Bﻩﺏﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞﮔﺮﺩ 12ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ O.K.Bﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 350ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ
ﻳﻚﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ 15ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ،ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥِ ﺩﺍﺧﻞِ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ،O.K.Bﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ
ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ،ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ
58
ﺏ -ﺍﻓﻘﻲ :ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎ ﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ
ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ
ﺏ -ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻌﻞ ﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺏﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :1ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ
F۰ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻱﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺎﺝ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ
ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
1
-ﺩﻗﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺍً ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺏ
ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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-3ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻥﭘﻨﺎﻩ
ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ:
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺍ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ
ﻟﺒﻪﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ
ﺁﻥ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺦﻛﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺏ -ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 3ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻳﻢ.
ﺝ -ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ 3ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ 2ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ ،1ﻣﻘﻄﻊ Tﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ
.5.2.6ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ ،ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺏ ﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ
- 1ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺏ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺏ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩ -ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 3ﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ.
ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﻗﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ 92ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ 4ﻋﺪﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ 6ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ. ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ
ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ ﻩ -ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻼﻑ Tﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ
ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ
ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﮔﭻ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ.
ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ،ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ
ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ
ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ
ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﭻ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ
ﺩﺭﺏ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
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ﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻩ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ :ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ - 2ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ :
ﺳﻪ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱﻛﺎﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝﻣﻌﻴﻦﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﻭ ﺳﭙﺲﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ
ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞﭘﺎﻧﻞﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻲﮔﭻ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﻮﻗﺖﺛﺎﺑﺖﻧﮕﻪﻣﻲ .
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ،ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ
ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﻲﻓﺮﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ
ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ.
ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ،ﺁﻥﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ
ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ.
ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ،ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺮﻕِ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ
ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ.
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ﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻛﺎﺭ · ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻕﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻓﻴﻜﺲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ،ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ
ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻜﺲ
ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﺏ -ﻧﺼﺐ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﺰ :ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ
ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻳﺎ ﮔﭻ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ،ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺝ -ﻧﺼﺐ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻕ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ
ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﻨﻲﻓﺮﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ
ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ:
ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ
ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ:
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ
ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻛﺎﺭ ،ﻭ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ.
ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ:
-ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻛﺎﺭ – ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ
ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ،ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ
ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
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ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ
ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
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ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ
ﻓﻮﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ.
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺕ ﮔﭻ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ
ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﻤﻲﺁﻳﺪ ،ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ
ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ،ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ،
ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺕ ﮔﭻ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
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ﻭ -ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ
ﻛﻮﻟﺮ :ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ
ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ
.6.2.6ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ،ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ
- 1ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ
ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ
ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﭽﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ
ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ:
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﺗﻮﺭﻱﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ :ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ
ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ 15ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ
ﻣﻨﮕﻨﻪﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
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ﺏ -ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ – ﺳﻨﮓﻛﺎﺭﻱ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮓﻙﺍﺭﻱ
ﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ،ﺯﻳﺮ
ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻼﺕﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ.
ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
- 2ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ :ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻼﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺍﻟﻒ -ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ :ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ
ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ
ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓﻙﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .
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ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺵﻱﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ
ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ 45ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ
ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻮﺏ ،ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ
ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ 16×80ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻝﺧﻮﺍﻩ )ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ
ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖ( ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ 45ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ
ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ
ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ
ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺩ -ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ :ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺷﻲﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ
ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ. ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺑﺎ
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ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻓﺎژ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻓﺎژ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ
ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﻮﻓﺎژ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ.
ﻧﺼﺐ LCD
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ LCDﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ LCDﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ
ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ LCDﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ.
ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ-
ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻛﺎﺷﻲﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ 30-40ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮ
ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩ.
ﻧﺼﺐ ﻗﺎﺏ
ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻴﺦﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﺳﺖ ،ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ
ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻴﺦﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻥ.
ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ
.8.2.6ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ،ﭼﻮﺏ،
ﺭﺯﻭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ ...ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ
- 1ﺑﺴﺖ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﺍﻱ :ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ
ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ
ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ
ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻝ ﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ
ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﺍﻳــﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
- 2ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺯﻭﻩﺩﺍﺭ :ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ
ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ
ﺭﺯﻭﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺳﻪﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻝﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ
ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
68
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ
ﻩﺏﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ:
- 1ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Aﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
- 2ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Bﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ
- 3ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Cﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ
- 4ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Dﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ
- 5ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Eﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ
- 6ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Fﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺼﺒﻴﺎﺕ
- 7ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ :Gﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ
ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ
ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻱ
ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ
ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ
ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻩﺏﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ.
69
ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ- ﺑﺘﻨﻲ 2.8ﻣﺘﺮ 48-5ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ- 1
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﻗﺮﭼﻚ
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ 2.85 1000 ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ- 2
ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ- ﺑﺘﻨﻲ 3.05 3 ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ- 3
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥﻛﻨﺎﺭ
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ 3 40-5ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ-ﻗﻢ 4
ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ
ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ -ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ 3 3 ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ-ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬﺮ 5
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ- ﻓﻠﺰﻱ 2.8 2 ﻭﻳﻼﻳﻲ-ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ 6
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻮﻓﻮﻡ
ﻓﻠﺰﻱ 8 ﺳﻮﻟﻪ-ﻋﺮﺍﻕ 7
ﺧﻤﺸﻲ-ﺑﺎﺩﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ 3ﻭ 3.35 ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ-ﺻﻴﺎﺩ 8
1000ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ18- ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﻱ
ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ 3.15 -35ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ 9
ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ-ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ 3.35 8 ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ- 10
ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ-ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ
ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ
70
.2.1.7ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ
ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 3.7
71
.1.2.7ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 4ﺗﺎ 5
.3.2.7ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ: ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ:
ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ،ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 5ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ
ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ،ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 8.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 6.7
ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ
2.85ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ 4ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ
:
ﮔﺮﺩﺩ
ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ .
ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ 4ﺗﺎ 5
.2.2.7ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ،ﻋﺪﻡ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ
O.K.Bﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ O.K.Bﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ
ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ
ﺷﻜﻞ 9.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 7.7
72
.2.3.7ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ: .3.7ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥﻛﻨﺎﺭ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1389ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻭ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ
ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.1.3.7ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴﺖ:
ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 12.7
.3.3.7ﺣﺬﻑ ﻧﻌﻞﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ:
ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻌﻞﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 10.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 11.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 13.7
73
ﺑﺎ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺵ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ،ﻛﺎﻧﻞ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ .4.3.7ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ:
ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ )ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮ ( ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﺩﻳﺪﻩ
ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻢﮔﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 16.7
.4.5.7ﺟﺎﻥﭘﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﻦ:
ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺟﺎﻥﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ-
ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 15.7
74
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻗﻮﺱﺩﺍﺭ
.5.5.7ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ،ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺳﺖﻣﺰﺩ
ﺕﻳﻐﻪ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ،ﺑﻌﻀﺎً ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 21.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 22.7
75
.7.7ﺳﻮﻟﻪ -ﻋﺮﺍﻕ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 23.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 25.7
ﺍﻱﻥ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1391ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺠﻒ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺍﺯ
ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 24.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 27.7
76
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻼﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 30.7
ﺍﺯ ﺩﻍﺩ ﻍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﭻ ﻭ
ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﭻ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ
ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ.
.1.8.7ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ:
1ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ
ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ
ﺷﻜﻞ 28.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 31.7
.2.8.7ﺑﺮﺵﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 29.7
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ
ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
77
ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ
ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ 33.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 35.7
ﺏﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1391ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻩ
ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ.
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ
ﺭﻑﺗﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
.1.9.7ﺑﺮﺵ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 34.7
78
.4.9.7ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ .2.9.7ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ:
ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 11ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ 2ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ
ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﮔﭻﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻧﺎﺯﻙﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ.
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻫﻢﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
.10.7ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ -ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 39.7
79
.4.10.7ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ:
ﺷﻜﻞ 40.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 42.7
ﺷﻜﻞ 41.7
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ
ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ" ،ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ،"2800-84ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ.1384 ،
].[1
] .[2ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ،ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ.1384 ،
Andrew Charleson, “SEISMIC DESIGN FOR ARCHITECTS”, 2008 Elsevier. ].[3
] .[4ﺗﺎﺑﺶﭘﻮﺭ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ؛ » ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺟﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ« ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺪﻙﺍﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ.1388،
] .[5ﺗﺎﺑﺶﭘﻮﺭ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ؛ » ﺑﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺁﺟﺮﻱ« ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺪﻙﺍﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ.1388،
] .[6ﺗﺎﺑﺶﭘﻮﺭ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ؛ "ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ" ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺪﻙﺍﻳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ.1389 ،
]IAEE (1986). "Guidelines for Earthquake-Resistant Non-Engineered Construction", .[7
International Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Japan.
] .[8ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻓﺸﻴﻦ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻗﻠﻮ،
ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍﷲ ﻗﻨﺒﺮﻱ.
] .[9ﺳﺮﻭﻗﺪﻣﻘﺪﻡ ،ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ؛ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺏ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻼﺧﻮﺭ.1385 ،
] .[10ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ.1384 ،
] .[11ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺲ ،ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺕﻭﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺍﻳﺰﻱﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ.(http://www.easywall.ir) :