OO — 4 Unik & , Aldehydes and Ketoves between aldehydes lL) Write a chemical yeackion to Astingnish nm wed bo and kekones bone ie chemical Eat and obse rvatio Ans: | Agi\en! sting bebvesn —propanal and propanme) follenls dest, Felrling’s test P @ wil! Aollen's reagent propanal Givs 4 Wah Rebling Yeagent propanal gives 4 bright silver _mivror veddish lorown precipi Le ) | | Rosemund’s Reduction Acid chovides ave hydrogenated ove palladinen coskabysl on barium salphab’ te fom aldehgdu. “his is brown as Rosenmund's eduction. | “ | CH, COCE + CHy-CHo | + HCL [Ba.S04 3. Eberd reaction | Aoluene on oxidabion with chromye chloride ollawed by yduadypis aver benznidelyde. This is known 4s Etavd YeaL tion Cis cho Calle a, 6 cS, [H.0 | Toluene Be nvaldvlugde AL Grakkerman - Koch Yeackion pbs When benzene vs bvealid with CO and Hee Om presence of ankuydions AACLs oF Cuch Gives Venzaldehyde. Xie veackion i$ Known as Cratkerrnan— boch Yeackion. | Dring. Acts [CoCd Ho | O + CO* WL ——— > | Genser Bensaldebuyle 5, Clemmensen veduclrion ae Aldehydes and Kermes On veduction with Zine Armal\gam Gnd Conc Hh ves trydrocarbons. This is Known 44 Clemmensen — veduction | CuycHo + He eM 5 CHC@ | 2 6. A wolff— Kishner reduction — Aldehyda and Ketones on veduckion with hydrazine oll , / Us wig at 8B tidy ith Neoy ov KOH in CHgline uel Kislaney veduchion. vs |Knoow Ad a Myo tyecuo DMR 5 cyt wow esr hycot 7. Aldot Condensation ———— Aldehydes And ketones eng ak Aesse one a. hyd 9p ak veuct a om veatks wvith — Ail Naot fom B-hydtoxy aidelighe ot p-badory cats” ti Abnis veedsly loses wale to Fam Kr p- Unsabuicked Aldehyde 04 betone - Ahis is | aed Aldol condensarion. CHO + LHs- CHO Ail Neon Cy- CoH CHy- (Ho. ———> Alda| Chy- CH= CH- CHE Buk-2-en- I-41. & Canniazaro eaction Atdehydes which do wok Wave an a- Wydrogen Atom undergo self, ox tdabion and reduction on hteding with Cone. Naor to oem — alcolioh and Salk Ob Cavborylic acid ons Q HCHO Gore CHO + HLOONA wo Ho c#,04 oN. 2) mt __ Gone Naow, oO + Q) 4. Ywz Yearkon Corooryfic acids having #7 a hydrogen atom 08 seackdo Wit Clhloine oF Drornine tn presence of 144 Phusphorus gives oe Chioro oh A- bromo carboxylic acd: Ahis is knows Hvz Yeachvn. Gabed ? CHy- CHCL- COOK Q-chloro PA PANOIC aud Cx chloro propanale aod) CH, -CH,- Coon3m Unik 6 — Haloathanes and Haloarenes Sandmeyers reaction When an aromatic Primary amine is breabed With Nano, Ard Heh In Cold ag digzonium Sale is foamed. When benzene diiazoninm chlonde Yeats with Cuprous Chlonls On C . uprous bromide , Chlovobenzene or loromobenrengy is exmed. Se ES > Cold labs 1 beozene digzonian a> a chloride Finkelstein veaction Allcyp iodides } ae paspared Loy tai veackion o> Allsyphchlorid,| ok béomide wit Nal im dry acetone. This veaction is known 48 Finkelstein reaction- Cey- Br Nad CHM CHy-7 + Nabe Wurtz reaction Aieyt halides vents with sodium metab koe to boam Wtgher atkanus - This te Known as Wurta YEACTION. 2ety-By +ana HH CHyCihy +2 NaBy in dry ete Wurta- Fithig veaction od Ail alice, And Arey halides A wictine of Alkylhalile and aryl Wilde Teacts With sodium in Au etn to give 4m albyf arene. ys calied Wurtaz- Fictig yeackiun ch, a 's > (0) + a NACL, + ANA+ CHy-CL Chiovoben zou2 aN 84 Fittig Reaction Avyt Valides Yeats wih Sodium in diy Aur be gee Ang COU + anes ax o) mens dipheng Dilferewe retween Sut and Sy 2 Reactions Cana hh LB Second aedur veaction First onde peaction 2 Occurs in Ove step Occurs in 2 Slips 3 No intermediate” Cosbocation ntermedials” A. onde ob Acactivity < Order ob veectivi 1° >2°> 3° aby bald oe ase albigh ralidey Luc’s Teste Cet 4p dixtingwahe between 1° 2° 4 3° alcohas Alcohols Zea. with ConcWCL db anby: ZnCla (Lucas extol) Fo tpt Abb yk chlouler Tey art insoluble in wal 4nd Appears a8 Eurbidity. 3° aeolos puoduce — -mrnediala bri bidliny 2° Alcolols “produce buybidiy after GS rrinudes © gheolols dovat produce Larbrdity ab room temp. Nityation of Phenol L Phenol veces with dliluli nw, al low temp to dpem & “mixluis of 2Atho vitro phenol and para nitty phenol ou ou ou at. nos, Nig os — Nv P-Mitrephens| = Nitvophent HALegeantton of Phenol aces bro phenol Phenot Zend donc. HN, 42 Gam 2, &- THniber on OW conc-wns MEN wa € Plane ay . 0 hr, b-Trimitwphert Jorab Bremination of nator _of thon on (9) By 81 ad an 8 b= Biomophend ow ow 0) Bra [1120 oy 81 Bromin wadis 2,4, b= Triloiome phenol By 10 Reimer Tiemann veaction Phenol veacts with Clilorofum th presence O- lyydrory benzaldehyde OF Salicypaldehigds - 3 ends ey" — Naou Ue Willtamson Sygertesis An abkyplalide reacts vith ‘codlimn abkoxtde to form ethers is bhom 45 Williamson ssyerttaas - Cliy- O- CH + Na@y Cly-Bs + CHy-0-Na ——9 divettuf er o, NaH to urn 12. Corbytamine _ xeachton Aliphatic and A¥omabic prinnary Amines 00 heoting wih Chiowfoim and ethanolic KOH fam —isoeganides OF canbyfarins Ciig-NHy + CHCLg+ 3 KOH ——> CHy-Ne + 3.6L + 3H20 Met isocyanide ta. Hlncberg test C Test to distinguish ew 9,2° 43° amines) Winsbeay reagent 1s Benzene Sulphongt sie S (catis S0nCt) [2 amine veacts i vineberg reagent *0 Sive N- alkyl bengene - Sulphovramide which is Sodble in Abbali - ney 2 amine veerks with coe reagenk to give N,N- . benzene Sulphonamnide which is insoluble in absoli 3° amine rentAroh! doe nok reacts wit Hinsberg rex geo.Unit 4 Biomelecuks : » qive & 1 What gre essential amd non essential amtine acids 2 gure eg Amine acids which Ku bedg Con syptusise Ase ealld noweion Amino acids eg: Gilygine, Alanine, Glorlennt acd Amive acids which Xu body cannek santas throuph ditt aw ued @ essential amine 46 £4: Valine , Leucine, Lagsine and Are Ovtained 2 Diffecentiele Verwen gleolar and fibsau portens i min, \nsuli Gleowar - spherical SPF Rice £9. Alovmin, lasulin Fibrous = Fibre ike structure 9 Semtin, Myssin wale intel able 3. whet is meant by Aendlacatve of protein When 4 protein is Subyrted to Physical change oy Chemical Change it loses te biclaeat actvitin This is called denaturation of Proteins. €g- Coagulation of 44, Curdling K mill 4 Difkesences between DNA Gal RNA ONA RNA Double stuanded Single stranded Nitaoga bases Au Adinine, Nitwgen bass au Adining, Gyaning Guanine, Cytasine and Thyrane Cytesine & Uracil . Contains de org vibose Sugar Corvin ri bese Seyi 5. Whek is peptide Linkage? — Co-NH bond in proteins ate Called peptide Linkasy ( peptide bond) 6. What is Blyeosidic Linkage} ; monasaccharide ving thiongh Oxyy Atom is Called gtgcosidic Ainkauge - 7. Whak Ae Olege saccharides 1 gre ey: lige Saccharidr gie 2 10 monosaccharide hagdwelysis 24. Sucrose » maaltose , Lactose A Linkage berun two units onNT la EES wha is glyvogen 9 7 Crlyiogen ic ae wt is Hu Storage polysaccharide of anivoal. Ik ow G4 Aviron? starch : Explain tte chemi WNC Conatitction of Starch rota. polysaccharile of ———__ears Sk i oon “arch is G Poligmer of o- glucose And Consists of a a ponents - Amylose and Ammylopectin. Name 2 hoamonec uahich Lend tm We bay ch work together to regulate glucose \nsulin and Glmcagon- Classi ‘ : sity te lig into wunesccchevider and Aiseccharid? p e, Maltese, Sucrose Ribose, Fauctoce — Monosaccharides Malte, Sucose - Disaccha vides Whak is invert Sugar? Ahe peoduct Ovtuined after Inc fugdrolycis of sucrose Is Called invert Sugar Nikamin - Dedbiciency Arseave vit- A - Nigh blindness , Xerophrtatlra ia vit. 8 ~ Ben Ben Vik» Bo - — Cheilosis Vit» By — Convulsions Vik Bio - — Peanicions Anaemia Uke’ - Scurvy vit- D - Rickets vit. & - — Intrecaed Faagility of RBCs vite Kk - Increased blood Clotting Gime behavionr of Amino Ged 7 Capl4in He Gmpho verte Baplsin “e loath acidic snd Asie Glogs: In aqueons Avoine auids Corsin Golutna Hey Jerr Zito oot +Dikemotale —belvesn & ae Waite thi Namen ob Linkage and monomeric unity ir ae Following ~ biomolecula- 8 Skareh = Glywosidie Linkage, - = 0- glucae Peotein - Peptide Linker - Grin acid Nuclete auid — Phosphodiester eakage — nucleotide « What au Polysaccharides 1 Ge 9s: Cosbolngdsates wabich give Large number ob manosace units on Agdralysis pur called —palysacchavida %. Storch, Cellulose Represent We Strackwre 2 gl C ae) Came haride y Az O\ 8 fs Ho Pyrarase Stractone ( Ring stawchne ob vw, (ow ow Nt 7 gre) ry ob Repwscak open staudkme dh glacore cho i NM wo 4 4 ou 24 Chou peducing 4nd non reducing Sugars? ch yeduces Arllens reegfok and Ebling veegeot Carbohig dates wh eh. waltae , Rectse ete Gar Colled —Veduchny SGA?" Carbohgdrls whith dua wok Fok tgtlud viovr veduting Suppis reduce A olers eager & Ehlings veegor eg. Sucrose