Data Analysis:

(See Graph 1 of temperature versus the rate of the reaction)

Data Analysis continued:

Using the graph, we can see that the rate of reaction at 45oC is roughly 0.288s-1.
Therefore, we can determine the time taken by finding the inverse of the rate of
reaction, 0.288s-1. The time taken is 3.47 seconds.

Using the graph, we can see that the rate of reaction at 55oC is 0.350s-1. Therefore, we
can determine the time taken by finding the inverse of the rate of reaction, 0.350s-1.
The time taken is 2.86 seconds.

Using the graph, we can see that the rate of reaction at 65oC is roughly 0.415s-1.
Therefore, we can once more determine the time taken by finding the inverse of the
rate of reaction, 0.415s-1. The time taken is 2.41 seconds.

Variables:

• Constant Variables: Volume/concentration of both HCl and Na2S2O3.

• Manipulated Variable: Temperature (T/oC)
• Responding Variable: Time (t/s)

Discussion: The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how quickly reactants are
converted into products. It quantifies the change in the concentration of reactants or
products per unit of time. The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by several factors.
This lab tested the factor of temperature and how it affects the rate of a chemical
reaction. By observing the results of the lab, we can see that the higher the
temperature, the faster the rate of the reaction. Why is this? Well, this is because at a
higher temperature, the kinetic energy of molecules increases, causing them to move
faster. Kinetic energy increases at high temperatures because temperature is a measure
of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, such as gas molecules, liquid
molecules, or atoms in a solid. When you heat a substance, you are providing it with
energy, and this energy is primarily converted into kinetic energy. As a result, the
frequency of collisions between reactant molecules also increases. According to the
collision theory of chemical reactions, most reactions occur as a result of effective
collisions between reactant molecules. Therefore, an increase in temperature leads to
more frequent and energetically favorable collisions, which in turn increases the
reaction rate. Therefore, as temperature rises, we can observe the cross disappearing
over shorter periods of time.

Precautions:

1. Droppers were used to accurately measure liquids.

2. Apparatuses were cleaned and conditioned before use.
3. Cloth was used to hold beaker when temperatures were high.
Sources of Error:

1. Time may not have been stopped at the exact point where cross could no longer
be seen.

Reflection: Over the course of this lab, I learned and understood how temperature
effects the rate of a reaction. Seeing as we did a lab very similar to this recently,
understanding how temperature effects the rate of a reaction was not a problem. I
already had practice with the apparatus from many previous labs so overall, this was a
very simple and easy lab. The effect of temperature on reaction rates is applied in
various real-life scenarios and industries. One of these scenarios is baking. In baking,
the higher the temperature, the faster a cookie (example) will bake faster. The reason
for this is the same reason as temperature effecting chemical reactions, that being the
collision theory.

Conclusion: The way in which temperature affects the rate of a reaction between
hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate was successfully investigated. The higher
the temperature, the faster the rate of a chemical reaction.