E.

4
Nama: Choirunnisa Isma Fathinah
NIM: 4101422118
1. For the discrete random variables defined in Exercise 1 of Chapter 2, tabulate:
a. the joint pdf of 𝑌 and 𝑍.
b. the joint pdf of 𝑍 and 𝑊.
Penyelesaian:
Pada Exercise 1 pada Chapter 2, diperoleh
PDF Y :
𝑌(𝑒) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
𝑃[𝑌(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
PDF Z :
𝑍(𝑒) −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
𝑃[𝑍(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
PDF W :
𝑊(𝑒) 0 1 4 9
4 6 4 2
𝑃[𝑊(𝑒)]
16 16 16 16

a. Joint PDF Y dan Z :

Y\Z -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Jumlah
2 1/256 1/128 3/256 1/64 3/256 1/128 1/256 1/16
3 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
4 3/256 3/128 9/256 3/64 9/256 3/128 3/256 3/16
5 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
6 3/256 3/128 9/256 3/64 9/256 3/128 3/256 3/16
7 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
8 1/256 1/128 3/256 1/64 3/256 1/128 1/256 1/16

Jumlah
1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/16 1
 b. Joint PDF Z dan W :
W\Z -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Jumlah
0 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
1 3/128 3/64 9/128 3/32 9/128 3/64 3/128 3/8
4 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 3/64 1/32 1/64 1/4
9 1/128 1/64 3/128 1/32 3/128 1/64 1/128 1/8
Jumlah 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/16 1

2. In Exercise 2 of Chapter 3, a game consisted of rolling a die and tossing a coin. If 𝑋

denotes the number of spots showing on the die plus the number of heads showing on
the coin, and if 𝑌 denotes just the number of spots showing on the die, tabulate the
joint pdf of 𝑋 and 𝑌
Penyelesaian :

PDF X :
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓(𝑥) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 6 6 6 6 6 12

PDF Y :
𝑦 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑓(𝑦) 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6
Joint PDF X dan Y :
X\Y 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/12
2 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
3 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
4 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
5 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
6 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/36 1/6
7 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/72 1/12
1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1
 3. Five cards are drawn without replacement from a regular deck of 52 cards. Let 𝑋
represent the number of aces, 𝑌 the number of kings, and 𝑍 the number of queens
obtained. Give the probability of each of the following events:
(a) 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2].
(b) 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2].
(c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵.
(d) 𝐴 𝖴 𝐵.
(e) 𝐴 given 𝐵.
(f) [𝑋 = 𝑥].
(g) [𝑋 < 2].
(h) [𝑋 ≥ 2].
(i) [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1].
(j) Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍.
Penyelesaian:
S = 52
𝑛= 5
Himpunan banyaknya kartu as yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑋 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu kings yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu queens yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑍 = {1,2,3,4}
𝑛(𝑆) = ( ) = 2.598.960
52
5

(a) 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2]
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = ( )= 64
2

𝑛 (terpilih 3 dari 48 selain kartu AS) = ( ) = 17. 296

48
3
𝑛(𝐴) = 6×17. 296 = 103. 776
𝑛(𝐴) 103.776
Jadi 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 2.598.960
≈0, 0398 = 3, 98%.

(b) 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2]
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = ( )= 64
2

𝑛 (terpilih 3 dari 48 selain kartu AS) = ( ) = 17. 296

48
3
𝑛(𝐵) = 6×17. 296 = 103. 776
𝑛(𝐵) 103.776
Jadi 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 2.598.960
≈0, 0398 = 3, 98%.

(c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = 6
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu Kings) = 6
 𝑛 (terpilih 1 dari 44 selain kartu As dan Kings) = ( ) = 44
44
1
𝑛 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 6 × 6 × 44 = 1.584
𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1.584
𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐴)
= 2.598.960
≈0, 0006 = 0, 06%.

(d) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
⇔ 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0,0398 + 0,0398 − 0,0006 = 0,079 = 7,9%

(e) 𝐴 given 𝐵
𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 0,0006
𝑃 (𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐴)
= 0,0398
= 0, 0015 = 0, 15%

(f) [𝑋 = 𝑥]
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) =
( )( )
𝑘
𝑥
𝑁−𝑘
𝑛−𝑥

( )𝑁
𝑛

𝑁 = banyak semua kartu = 52

𝑘 = banyak semua kartu As = 4
𝑛 = jumlah kartu yang diambil tanpa pengembalian = 5
𝑥 = jumlah kartu As yang terambil
Diperoleh,
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) =
( )( )
4
𝑥
52−4
5−𝑥
=
( )( ) ;𝑥
4
𝑥
48
5−𝑥
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
( )52
5 ( )52
5

(g) [𝑋 < 2]
𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = 𝑃[𝑋 = 0] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 1] =
( )( )
4
0
48
5
+
( )( )
4
1
48
5
≈0, 658842.
( ) 52
5 ( ) 52
5

(h) [𝑋 ≥ 2]
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃[𝑋 = 2] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 3] + 𝑃[𝑋 = 4] =
( )( )
4
2
48
3
+
( )( )
4
3
48
2
+
( )( )
4
4
48
1

( ) 52
5 ( )52
5 ( )52
5

⇔ 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) ≈ 0,04162.

(i) [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑌 = 1]
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS) = 6
𝑛 (terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu Kings) = 6
𝑛 (terpilih 1 dari 44 selain kartu As dan Queens) = ( )= 4
4
1
𝑛 (𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑌 = 1) = 6×6×4 = 144
𝑛(𝑋=2, 𝑌=2, 𝑌=1) 144
𝑃 (𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑌 = 1) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 2.598.960
≈0, 000055 = 0, 0055%

(j) Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍

 𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥, 𝑌 = 𝑦, 𝑍 = 𝑧)
𝑓(𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍) =
( )( )( )(
4
𝑥
4
𝑦
4
𝑧
52−4−4−4
5−𝑥−𝑦−𝑧 ) =
( )( )( )(
4
𝑥
4
𝑦
4
𝑧
40
5−𝑥−𝑦−𝑧 )
( ) 52
5 ( )52
5

4. In reference to Example 4.2.1, find the probability for each of the following events.
(a) Exactly five red and two white.
(b) Exactly five red and two pink.
Penyelesaian:
Berdasarkan Example 4.2.1 diperoleh

𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑥 ) =
( )( )(
400
𝑥1
400
𝑥2
200
10−𝑥1−𝑥2 )
1 2 ( ) 1000
10

Formula tersebut dapat diperumum menjadi

𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑥 ) =
( )( )( )
400
𝑥1
400
𝑥2
200
𝑥3

1 2 ( ) 1000
10

𝑋1 = banyak bibit bunga merah yang terambil.

𝑋2 = banyak bibit bunga putih yang terambil.
𝑋3 = banyak bibit bunga pink yang terambil.
𝑛 = 10.
(a) [𝑋1 = 5, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3]

𝑓(5, 2, 3) =
( )( )( ) ≈0, 0331123
400
5
400
2
200
3
= 3, 31%
( ) 1000
10

Jadi peluang terambilnya tepat 5 bibit bunga merah dan 2 bibit bunga putih yang
diambil secara acak tanpa pengambilan adalah sekitar 3,31%.

(b) [𝑋1 = 5, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 2]

𝑓(5, 3, 2) =
( )( )( )
400
5
400
3
200
2
≈0, 066559 = 6, 66%
( ) 1000
10

Jadi peluang terambilnya tepat 5 bibit bunga merah dan 2 bibit bunga pink yang diambil
secara acak tanpa pengambilan adalah sekitar 6,66%.

5. Rework Exercise 3, assuming that the cards were drawn with replacement.
Penyelesaian :
𝑆 = 52.
 𝑛 = 5.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu as yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑋 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu kings yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑌 = {1,2,3,4}.
Himpunan banyaknya kartu queens yang mungkin muncul adalah 𝑍 = {1,2,3,4}.
𝑛(𝑆) = ( ) = 2. 598. 960.
52
5

(a) 𝐴 = [𝑋 = 2]
4 1
Peluang terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu AS = 𝑝 = 52
= 13
.
1 2 1 5−2 1 2 12 3
5
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝐶2(𝑝) (1 − 𝑝)
𝑥 𝑛−𝑥
= 10 ( )(
13
1 − 13 ) = 10 ( )( )
13 13
.
⟺𝑃(𝑋 = 2)≈0, 0465≈0, 465%.

(b) 𝐵 = [𝑌 = 2]
4 1
Peluang terpilih 2 dari 4 kartu Kings = 𝑝 = 53
= 13
.
1 2 1 5−2 1 2 12 3
5
𝐵(𝑌 = 2) = 𝐶2 (𝑝) (1 − 𝑝)
𝑥 𝑛−𝑥
= 10 ( ) (1 − )
13 13
= 10 ( )( )
13 13
.
⟺𝐵(𝑌 = 2)≈0, 0465≈0, 465%.

(c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
4 2 4 2 44 1
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) =
5!
2!2!1! ( )( )( )
52 52 52
= 0, 00089.
(d) 𝐴 𝖴 𝐵
𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) = 0, 0465 + 0, 0465 − 0, 00089 = 0, 09211.
(e) 𝐴 given 𝐵.
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0,00089
𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)
= 0,0465
= 0, 0191.
(f) [𝑋 = 𝑥]
1 𝑥 1 5−𝑥
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = ( ) (1 − )
13 13
;𝑥 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

(g) [𝑋 < 2]

𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝐶0 ( ( ) ( ) ) + (𝐶 ( ) ( ) ) = 0, 9494

5 1 0 12 5
13 13
5 1 1 12 4
1 13 13
.
(h) [𝑋 ≥ 2]
𝑃(𝑋≥2) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 < 2) = 1 − 0, 9494 = 0, 0506.

(i) [𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1]
 4 2 4 2 4 1
𝑃(𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 1) =
5!
2!2!1! ( )( )( )
52 52 52
= 30 ×0, 000002963 = 0, 0000808
.

(j) Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍.

1 𝑥 1 𝑦 1 𝑧
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
𝑛!
𝑥!𝑦!𝑧! ( )( )( ).
13 13 13

6. An ordinary six-sided die is rolled 12 times. If 𝑋1 is the number of l's, 𝑋2 is the number of
2's, and so on, give the probability for each of the following events:
(a) [𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2]

(b) [𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6]

(c) [𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4]

(d) Write an expression for the joint pdf of 𝑋1, 𝑋3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋5

Penyelesaian:

From the given information an ordinary die is rolled 12 times

Let 𝑛 = 12 represent the number of times die is rolled.
Let 𝑥1 represent the number of 1’s
Let 𝑥2 represent the number of 1’s
Let 𝑥3 represent the number of 1’s
Let 𝑥4 represent the number of 1’s
Let 𝑥5 represent the number of 1’s
Let 𝑥6 represent the number of 1’s
a) Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2)

This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in

1
one roll = 6
.

1 2 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 4
(
𝑃 𝑋1 = 2, 𝑋2 = 3, 𝑋3 = 1, 𝑋4 = 0, 𝑋5 = 4, 𝑋6 = 2 = ) 12!
2!2!2!2!2!2! ( )( )( )( )( )
6 6 6 6 6

b) Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 )
 This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in
1
one roll = 6
.

(
Hence, 𝑃 𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 implies all 𝑥𝑖 = 2. )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
𝑃(𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 𝑋3 = 𝑋4 = 𝑋5 = 𝑋6 ) =
12!
2!2!2!2!2!2! ( )( )( )( )( )( )
6 6 6 6 6 6
= 0, 0003

.
c) Consider 𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4
This is a Multinomial Distributon Probability of getting the number “i” in
1
one roll = 6
.
The above probability implies that number of 5’s + number of 6’s = 2 (Since in
all there are 12 throws)
That is,
(𝑋5, 𝑋6) = (0,2) or (1,1) or (2,0)
𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4
= 𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4, 𝑋5 = 0, 𝑋6 = 2)+
𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4, 𝑋5 = 1, 𝑋6 = 1)+
𝑃(𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4, 𝑋5 = 2, 𝑋6 = 0)

(
d) This expression can be written as, 𝑃 𝑋1 = 1, 𝑋2 = 2, 𝑋3 = 3, 𝑋4 = 4 )
12!
1 12
= ( )
6
⎛ 1!2!3!4!0!2!
12!
1!2!3!4!1!1!
12!
⎞ =0,00153.
⎝ 1!2!3!4!2!0! ⎠
Consider expression for joint probability distribution function of
𝑋1, 𝑋3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋5

This is a Multinomial Distribution

Let ‘n’ be the total number of throws of the die.
We assume 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥5 = 𝑛 that is the throws will result only in 1,3 or 5

Let 𝑥1, 𝑥3, 𝑥5 be the number of 1s, 3s, and 5s

Then the joint probability distribution function of 𝑋1, 𝑋3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋5is given by,

1 𝑥1! 𝑥3! 𝑥5! 3 12−𝑥1! 𝑥3! 𝑥5!

𝑓(𝑥1, 𝑥3, 𝑥5 ) =
𝑛!
𝑥1! 𝑥3! 𝑥5!(12−𝑥1! 𝑥3! 𝑥5!) ( ) 6 ( )
6
.
 For 𝑥1≥0, 𝑥3≥0, 𝑥5≥0 and 𝑥1 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥5≤𝑛.

7. Misalkan 𝑋1 dan 𝑋2 adalah variabel acak diskrit dengan bentuk pdf bersama
( )
𝑓 𝑥1, 𝑥2 = 𝑐(𝑥1 + 𝑥2) 𝑥1 = 0, 1, 2; 𝑥2 = 0, 1, 2 dan nol lainnya. Cari konstanta
c.
Jawab:
Untuk mencari konstanta c, kita perlu menggunakan fakta bahwa fungsi kerapatan
probabilitas bersama (pdf) dari dua variabel acak diskrit harus memenuhi kondisi berikut:

( )
∑ 𝑓 𝑥1, 𝑥2 = 1

di mana jumlahnya diambil dari semua nilai yang mungkin dari 𝑥1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥2.

Oleh karena itu, kita memiliki:

∑ 𝑐(𝑥1 + 𝑥2) 𝑥1 = 0, 1, 2; 𝑥2 = 0, 1, 2 = 1

Untuk menghitung jumlah ini, pertama-tama kita dapat memperbaiki nilai dan
menjumlahkan semua kemungkinan nilai 𝑥1:

2
( ) ( )
∑ 𝑥1 = 0 𝑐 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 𝑐 0 + 𝑥2 + 𝑐 1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑥2 ( ) ( )
Sekarang kita dapat menjumlahkan semua kemungkinan nilai 𝑥2:

2 2 2
( ) (
∑ 𝑥2 = 0 ∑ 𝑥1 = 0 𝑐 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = ∑ 𝑥2 = 0 [𝑐 0 + 𝑥2 + 𝑐 1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑥2 ] ) ( ) ( )
= 𝑐(0 + 0) + 𝑐(1 + 0) + 𝑐(2 + 0) + 𝑐(0 + 1) + 𝑐(1 + 1) + 𝑐(2 + 1) + 𝑐(0 + 2) + 𝑐(1 + 2)
= 0 + 𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑐 + 4𝑐 = 18𝑐
Karena jumlah ini harus sama dengan 1, kita memiliki:
18𝑐 = 1
1
𝑐= 18

1
Oleh karena itu, konstanta c adalah 18
, dan gabungan pdf dari 𝑋1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑋2 adalah:

𝑥1+𝑥2
(
𝑓 𝑥1, 𝑥2 = ) 18
, 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑥1 = 0, 1, 2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥2 = 0, 1, 2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑦𝑎.

8. if 𝑋 and 𝑌 are discrete random variables with joint pdf.

 𝑥+𝑦
2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐 𝑥!𝑦!
𝑥 = 0, 1, 2, …; 𝑦 = 0, 1, 2, …𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛𝑜𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑦𝑎

a. Find the constan 𝑐

b. Find the marginal pdf’s of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
c. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent? Why or why not?

Jawaban:
a. Find the constant 𝑐
Perhatikan tabel dibawah ini.
X Y 0 1 2 Total
0 C 2c 2c 5c
1 2c 4c 4c 10c
2 2c 4c 4c 10c
Total 5c 10c 10c 25c

Berdasarkan teorema 4.2.1 maka akan didapat

𝑥+𝑦
2
∑ ∑ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐 𝑥!𝑦!
=1
𝑥 𝑦

⟺ ∑ ∑ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇔25𝑐 = 1
1
⇔𝑐 = 25
1
Jadi, nilai constanta 𝑐 adalah 25
.
b. Find the marginal pdf’s of 𝑋 and 𝑌.

𝑓𝑥(𝑥) = ∑(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 0, 1, 2

𝑦
𝑥+𝑦
1 2
⇔ 𝑓𝑥(𝑥) = ∑ 25
× 𝑥!𝑦!
𝑦
5 10 10
⇔ 𝑓𝑥(𝑥) = 25
+ 25
+ 25
⇔ 𝑓𝑥(𝑥) = 1

𝑓𝑦(𝑦) = ∑(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 0, 1, 2

𝑥
 𝑥+𝑦
1 2
⇔ 𝑓𝑦(𝑦) = ∑ 25
× 𝑥!𝑦!
𝑥
5 10 10
⇔ 𝑓𝑦(𝑦) = 25
+ 25
+ 25
⇔ 𝑓𝑦(𝑦) = 1
c. Are 𝑋 and 𝑌 independent? Why or why not?
Yes, 𝑋 dan 𝑌 independent. Karena syarat independent adalah 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦).
Dan,
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓𝑥(𝑥)𝑓𝑦(𝑦)
25
⟺ 25
= (1)(1)
⇔1 = 1

9. Let 𝑋1𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 be discrete random variables with joint pdf given by the following table:

1 2 3

a) Find the marginal pdf’s of and .

b) Are and independent? Why or why not?
c) Find .
d) Find
e) Tabulate the conditional pdf’s, and .
Penyelesaian:
a) Marginal pdf’s of 𝑋1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 is

𝑥1 1 2 3
𝑓1(𝑥1) 1 14 79
4 45 180
𝑥2 1 2 3
𝑓2(𝑥2) 5 19 1
36 36 3

b) 𝑋1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑋2 tidak independen karena ada 𝑓(1, 1) ≠ 𝑓1(1)𝑓2(1).

 1 14 101
c) 𝑃[𝑋1≤2] = 4
+ 45
= 180

[ ] [ ]
d) 𝑃 𝑋1≤𝑋2 = 𝑃 𝑋1 = 𝑋2 + 𝑃 𝑋1 < 𝑋2 = 0 + [ ] 25
36
=
25
36

𝑓(𝑥1,𝑥2)
( )
e) Conditional pdf’s 𝑓 𝑥1 =
( ) , 𝑥1 = 1, 2, 3
𝑓1 𝑥1