AUTOMATED ROBOTIC SAMPLE PREPARATION SYSTEM

Aaron : Robotic sample preparation refers to the use of robotic systems to automate the various steps
involved in preparing samples for analysis in scientific experiments. This process is common in fields
such as molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, and analytical chemistry. Here's a general overview of
how robotic sample preparation works:

1.Devi : 1. *Liquid Level Sensors:*

- These sensors are essential for accurately dispensing and aspirating liquids. They help the
robotic system determine the volume of liquid in containers and avoid
overflows or insufficient volumes.

2.Aaron : 2. *Temperature Sensors:*

- Temperature sensors monitor and control the temperature of samples during various steps
of sample preparation, such as incubation or enzymatic reactions.

3. Saleh : 3. *pH Sensors:*

- pH sensors are employed when working with reactions or processes that are sensitive to
changes in acidity or alkalinity. These sensors help maintain the desired
pH conditions during sample preparation.

4.Aaron : 4. *Force/Torque Sensors:*

- Force and torque sensors are used to provide feedback on the force applied by robotic arms
during handling and manipulation of samples. This helps in avoiding
damage to delicate samples and equipment.

5. Devi : 5. *Magnetic Sensors:*

- Magnetic sensors are employed in systems that use magnetic beads for sample purification
processes. These sensors assist in the separation and manipulation of
magnetic particles.

6. Saleh : 6. *Optical Sensors:*

- Optical sensors may be used for detecting the presence or absence of specific materials or
compounds. For example, they can be utilized in conjunction with
colorimetric assays for qualitative or quantitative analysis.

7.Devi : 7. *Ultrasonic Sensors:*

- Ultrasonic sensors can be used for liquid level detection, ensuring accurate liquid handling
without physical contact with the sample.
8. Saleh : 8. *Weight Sensors/Load Cells:*

- Weight sensors or load cells can be integrated into liquid handling systems to measure the
weight of samples or reagents. This helps in dispensing precise volumes
and ensures accuracy in sample preparation.

9.Aaron : 9. *Vision Systems/Cameras:*

- Vision systems or cameras are crucial for visualizing the workspace and identifying objects.
Computer vision algorithms can be used to guide the robotic arm to pick
up samples, locate specific features, or ensure accurate pipetting.

10.Devi : 10. *Pressure Sensors:*

- Pressure sensors may be used to monitor and control pressure in systems, especially during
processes such as filtration or when working with pressurized liquid
handling systems.

Saleh: Now, About the microprocessors. They play a very important and saliant role in these systems
like comparing the previous values and current values. And as to why I said it plays a saliant role, you
may ask, well its because computers, especially automated systems with a particular purpose in life, are
very sensitive to changes, even more so than us humans. For example, colour changes during titration.
These automated systems may be able to tell us exactly at which volume mark the sharp colour change
occured. Isn’t that amazing. And we need to do it at least 3 times.

Devi: ACTUATORS play a crucial role in robotic sample preparation systems. Actuators are devices
that produce physical movement or mechanical action in response to an input signal. In the context of
robotic systems for sample preparation, various types of actuators are used to control the movement of
robotic arms and other components. Here are some common types of actuators involved:

1. Saleh : 1. *Hydraulic Actuators:*

- *Hydraulic Pistons:* In some cases, hydraulic actuators may be used for generating linear
or rotational motion. These actuators are powerful and can be suitable for
heavy-duty applications.

2.Devi : 2. *Linear Resonant Actuators (LRAs):*

- *LRAs:* These are used for haptic feedback or vibration in certain robotic systems. While
not as common in sample preparation, they can be integrated for specific
applications.

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3.Aaron : 3. *Stepper Motors:*

- *Stepper Motors:* These motors move in discrete steps, allowing for precise control of
 position and speed. They are commonly used in robotic systems where
accurate positioning is critical, such as in sample handling.

4. Saleh : 4. *Linear Actuators:*

- *Screw-Driven Actuators:* These actuators convert rotary motion into linear motion,
providing controlled movement along a linear path. They can be used for
tasks like pipetting or moving robotic arms.

5.Aaron : 5. *Pneumatic Actuators:*

- *Pneumatic Cylinders:* These actuators use compressed air to produce linear motion. They
are often employed in sample handling systems for tasks such as gripping,
lifting, or transferring samples.

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