Resolução de Equações e Inequações com Logarítmicas– 12º Ano

Resolva, em ℝ, as seguintes equações:

1. 2!"# = 6 ⟺ 𝑥 + 1 = log $ 6 ⟺ 𝑥 = log $ 6 − 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = log $ 6 − log $ 2 ⟺

%
⟺ 𝑥 = log $ ,&- ⟺ 𝑥 = log $ 3 𝑆 = {log $ 3}

& &
2. 4 − 2 × 3#'! = 1 ⟺ −2 × 3#'! = −3 ⟺ 3#'! = $ ⟺ 1 − 𝑥 = log & $ ⟺
3 3 3 3
⟺ 1 − 𝑥 = log & ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 − log & ⟺ 𝑥 = log & 3 − log & ⟺ 𝑥 = log & ⟺
2 2 2 3
2
& %
⟺ 𝑥 = log & ! ⟺ x = log & & ⟺ x = log & 2 𝑆= {log & 2}
"

3. 2! = 5 ⟺ 𝑥 = log $ 5 𝑆 = {log $ 5}

4. 3$!"# = 7 ⟺ 2𝑥 + 1 = log & 7 ⟺ 2𝑥 = log & 7 − 1 ⟺ 2𝑥 = log & 7 − log & 3 ⟺

# ( ( (
⟺ 𝑥 = $ log & & ⟺ 𝑥 = log & 8& 𝑆 = 9log & 8&:

5. 𝑥 × 3!"# = 2𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 × 3!"# − 2𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(3!"# − 2) = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 3!"# − 2 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 + 1 = log & 2 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = log & 2 − 2 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = log & 2 − log & 9 ⟺

$ $
⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = log & 𝑆 = @0, log & B
) )

6. log $ (𝑥 − 3) = 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 3 ⟺ 𝑥 − 3 = 2* ∧ 𝑥 > 3 ⟺ 𝑥 = 4 ∧ 𝑥 > 3 ⟺ 𝑥 = 4

𝑆 = {4}

# #
7. 1 + log & 𝑥 = 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0 ⟺ log & 𝑥 = −1 ∧ 𝑥 > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = ∧ 𝑥 > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 =
& &

#
𝑆 = @ &B

, #$ & & &

8. 2𝑒 '! = 3𝑒 *,#! ⟺ = ⟺ 𝑒 '#,#! = ⟺ −1,1𝑥 = ln
, %,'$ $ $ $

" "
-. -.
⟺ 𝑥 = #,#! 𝑆 = 9#,#!:
 $$ & $ ! & $ ! &
9. 5 × 2! = 3 × 𝑒 ! ⟺ , $ = / ⟺ ,,- = / ⟺ ,,- = / ⟺

& &
⟺ 𝑥 = log " / 𝑆 = Glog " /H
( (

&
10. 𝑒 $! = 𝑒 0 ⟺ 2𝑥 = 4 ⟺ 𝑥 = 2 𝑆 = Glog " /H
(

"
11. 𝑒 ! = 𝑒 ) ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 9 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 ∨ 𝑥 = −3 𝑆 = {3, −3}

12. (𝑒 $! − 𝑒)(1 − 𝑒 ! ) = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 $! − 𝑒 = 0 ∨ 1 − 𝑒 ! = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 $! = 𝑒 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 1 ⟺

# #
⟺ 𝑒 $! = 𝑒 # ∨ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒 * ⟺ 2𝑥 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = ∨ 𝑥 = 0 𝑆 = @ , 0B
$ $

13. 𝑒 ! = 5 ⟺ 𝑥 = ln 5 𝑆 = {ln 5}

-.(2,)
14. 𝑒 $!'# = 8 ⟺ 2𝑥 − 1 = ln 8 ⟺ 2𝑥 = ln 8 + ln 𝑒 ⟺ 2𝑥 = ln(8𝑒) ⟺ 𝑥 = ⟺
$

'
#
⟺ 𝑥 = $ × ln(8𝑒) ⟺ 𝑥 = ln(8𝑒)" ⟺ 𝑥 = ln √8𝑒 ⟺ 𝑥 = lnK2√2𝑒L

𝑆 = MlnK2√2𝑒LN

15. 2𝑒 ! + 1 = 7 ⟺ 2𝑒 ! = 6 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 3 ⟺ 𝑥 = ln 3 𝑆 = {ln 3}

&*
16. 5𝑒 &!'# + 2 = 32 ⟺ 5𝑒 &!'# = 30 ⟺ 𝑒 &!'# = /
⟺ 𝑒 &!'# = 6 ⟺ 3𝑥 − 1 = ln 6 ⟺

-.(%,) #
⟺ 3𝑥 = ln 6 + 1 ⟺ 3𝑥 = ln 6 + ln 𝑒 ⟺ 3𝑥 = ln(6𝑒) ⟺ 𝑥 = &
⟺ 𝑥 = & × ln(6𝑒) ⟺

'
! !
⟺ 𝑥 = ln(6𝑒)! ⟺ 𝑥 = ln √6𝑒 𝑆 = Mln √6𝑒N

0
17. #", #$)' = 2 ⟺
O 4 = 2 × (1 + 𝑒 '!"# ) ⟺ 2 = 1 + 𝑒 '!"# ⟺ 1 = 𝑒 '!"# ⟺
, #$)' 4*4'#,∀!∈ℝ

⟺ 𝑒 * = 𝑒 '!"# ⟺ 0 = −𝑥 + 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 𝑆 = {1}

18. 𝑒 $! − 2𝑒 ! + 1 = 0 ⟺ (𝑒 ! )$ − 2𝑒 ! + 1 = 0 ⟺
O 𝑦 $ − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 ⟺ (𝑦 − 1)$ = 0 ⟺
, $ 89

⟺ 𝑦 − 1 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 = 1 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 1 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒* ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 𝑆 = {0}
19. 𝑒 $! − (𝑒 + 1)𝑒 ! + 𝑒 = 0 ⟺ (𝑒 ! )$ − (𝑒 + 1)𝑒 ! + 𝑒 = 0 ⟺
O 𝑦 $ − (𝑒 + 1)𝑦 + 𝑒 = 0 ⟺
, $ 89

𝑒 + 1 ± R(𝑒 + 1)$ − 4 × 1 × 𝑒 𝑒 + 1 ± √𝑒 $ + 2𝑒 + 1 − 4𝑒
⟺𝑦= ⟺𝑦= ⟺
2 2

,"##±√, " '$,"# ,"#±<(,'#)" ','#±(,'#)

⟺ 𝑦= $
⟺ 𝑦= $
⟺
O 𝑦= $
⟺
,'#4*

𝑒 + 1 − (𝑒 − 1) 𝑒 + 1 + (𝑒 − 1)
⟺ 𝑦= ∨𝑦 = ⟺
2 2

𝑒+1−𝑒+1 𝑒+1+𝑒−1 2 2𝑒
𝑦= ∨𝑦 = ⟺𝑦 = ∨𝑦 = ⟺𝑦 =1∨𝑦 =𝑒 ⟺
2 2 2 2

⟺ 𝑒 ! = 1 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒 * ∨ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒# ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = 1 𝑆 = {0,1}

%
20. 𝑒 ! +6𝑒 '! = 5 ⟺ 𝑒 ! + , $ = 5 ⟺
O 𝑒 $! + 6 = 5𝑒 ! ⟺ 𝑒 $! − 5𝑒 ! + 6 = 0 ⟺
O
, $ 4*,∀!∈ℝ , $ 89

⟺ 𝑦 $ − 5𝑦 + 6 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 = 3 ∨ 𝑦 = 2 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 3 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 2 ⟺ 𝑥 = ln 3 ∨ 𝑥 = ln 2

𝑆 = {ln 3 , ln 2}

$
21. 𝑒 ! = 3 − 2𝑒 '! ⟺ 𝑒 ! −3 + 2𝑒 '! = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 ! − 3 + =0⟺
,$

2
⟺ 𝑒! + −3=0 ⟺ O 𝑒 $! − 3𝑒 ! + 2 = 0 ⟺O 𝑦 $ − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 ⟺
𝑒! $
, =*,∀!∈ℝ , $ 89

⟺ 𝑦 = 2 ∨ 𝑦 = 1 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 2 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 1 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = ln 2 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 𝑒 * ⟺ 𝑥 = ln 2 ∨ 𝑥 = 0

𝑆 = {0, ln 2}

22. 𝑒 &! + 15𝑒 ! = 8𝑒 $! ⟺ 𝑒 &! − 8𝑒 $! + 15𝑒 ! = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 ! (𝑒 $! − 8𝑒 ! + 15) = 0 ⟺

⟺ 𝑒 ! = 0 ∨ 𝑒 $! − 8𝑒 ! + 15 = 0 ⟺
O 𝑒 $! − 8𝑒 ! + 15 = 0 ⟺
, $ =*,∀!∈ℝ

⟺ (𝑒 ! )$ − 8𝑒 ! + 15 = 0 ⟺ ⟺
O 𝑦 $ − 8𝑦 + 15 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 = 3 ∨ 𝑦 = 5 ⟺
, $ 89

⟺ 𝑒 ! = 3 ∨ 𝑒 ! = 5 ⟺ 𝑥 = ln 3 ∨ 𝑥 = ln 5 𝑆 = {ln 3 , ln 5}
 / /
23. 10𝑒 ! − 5𝑒 &!'# = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 ! ,10 − , 𝑒 $! - = 0 ⟺ 𝑒 ! = 0 ∨ 10 − , 𝑒 $! = 0 ⟺

5 5 5 𝑒
⟺
O 10 − 𝑒 $! = 0 ⟺ − 𝑒 $! = −10 ⟺ 𝑒 $! = 10 ⟺ 𝑒 $! = 10 × ⟺
, $ =*,∀!∈ℝ
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 5
𝑒 ln(2𝑒) 1
⟺ 𝑒 $! = 10 × ⟺ 𝑒 $! = 2𝑒 ⟺ 2𝑥 = ln(2𝑒) ⟺ 𝑥 = ⟺ 𝑥 = ln(2𝑒) ⟺
5 2 2

⟺ 𝑥 = ln √2𝑒 𝑆 = Mln √2𝑒N

Resolva, em ℝ, as seguintes equações, não esquecendo de determinar o domínio de

validade:

24. log $ (𝑥 + 1) + log $ 3 = 1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 1 > 0} = ]−1, +∞[

log $ (𝑥 + 1) + log $ 3 = 1 ⟺ log $ [3 × (𝑥 + 1)] = log $ 2 ⟺ log $ (3𝑥 + 3) = log $ 2 ⟺

# #
⟺ 3𝑥 + 3 = 2 ⟺ 3𝑥 = −1 ⟺ 𝑥 = − & ∈ ]−1, +∞[ 𝑆 = @− &B

25. log $ (1 − 𝑥) + log $ 5 = log $ (𝑥 $ − 1)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 1 − 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 $ − 1 > 0} = ]−∞, −1[

Cálculos auxiliares:

1 − 𝑥 > 0 ⟺ −𝑥 > −1 ⟺ 𝑥 < 1 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 1[

𝑥 $ − 1 > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[

-1 1
0,
log $ (1 − 𝑥) + log $ 5 = log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) ⟺ log $ (5 − 5𝑥) = log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) ⟺

5 − 5𝑥 = 𝑥 $ − 1 ⟺ 𝑥 $ + 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 ∉ ]−∞, −1[ ∨ 𝑥 = −6

#
𝑆 = @− &B
26. log 𝑥 & − 𝑥 log 𝑥 = 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 & > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ" = ]0, +∞[

log 𝑥 & − 𝑥 log 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 3log 𝑥 − 𝑥 log 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ log 𝑥 × (3 − 𝑥) = 0 ⟺

⟺ log 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 3 − 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ log 𝑥 = log 1 ∨ −𝑥 = −3 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 = 3

Como {1,3} ⊂ ℝ" temos 𝑆 = {1,3}.

27. log 0 𝑥 + 2 = log $ 𝑥

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ" = ]0, +∞[

log $ 𝑥 log $ 𝑥
log 0 𝑥 + 2 = log $ 𝑥 ⟺ + log $ 4 = log $ 𝑥 ⟺ + log $ 4 = log $ 𝑥 ⟺
log $ 4 2

1
⟺ × log $ 𝑥 + log $ 4 = log $ 𝑥 ⟺ log $ √𝑥 + log $ 4 = log $ 𝑥 ⟺ log $ K4√𝑥L = log $ 𝑥 ⟺
2
$
⟺ 4√𝑥 = 𝑥 ⇒ K4√𝑥L = 𝑥 $ ⟺ 16𝑥 = 𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 16𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 − 16) = 0 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∉ ℝ" ∨ 𝑥 = 16

Verificação: log 0 16 + 2 = log $ 16 ⟺ 2 + 2 = 4 ⟺ 4 = 4 P.V. 𝑆 = {16}

28. ln(2𝑥 + 3) = 2 ln 𝑥

3
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 + 3 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > − ∧ 𝑥 > 0H = ℝ" = ]0, +∞[
2

ln(2𝑥 + 3) = 2 ln 𝑥 ⟺ ln(2𝑥 + 3) = ln 𝑥 $ ⟺ 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 = −1 ∉ ℝ" ∨ 𝑥 = 3 𝑆 = {3}

29. log > 5 = log > 𝑥 − 3 log > 2 , 𝑎 ∈ ℝ" \{1}

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ" = ]0, +∞[

𝑥 𝑥
log > 5 = log > 𝑥 − 3 log > 2 ⟺ log > 5 = log > 𝑥 − log > 8 ⟺ log > 5 = log > ⟺5= ⟺
8 8

⟺ 𝑥 = 40 𝑆 = {40}

30. log ! (2𝑥 − 1) = 2

1
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 − 1 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 1} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > ∧ 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 1H =
2

1
= b , +∞c \{1}
2

log ! (2𝑥 − 1) = 2 ⟺ log ! (2𝑥 − 1) = log ! 𝑥 $ ⟺ 2𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 ⟺

#
⟺ (𝑥 − 1)$ = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 ∉ d , +∞e \{1} 𝑆=∅
$
31. log ( (3𝑥 + 2) − log ( 𝑥 = log ( 5

2
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 3𝑥 + 2 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > − ∧ 𝑥 > 0H = ℝ" = ]0, +∞[
3

3𝑥 + 2 3𝑥 + 2
log ( (3𝑥 + 2) − log ( 𝑥 = log ( 5 ⟺ log ( g h = log ( 5 ⟺ =5⟺
𝑥 𝑥

⟺
O 3𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥 ⟺ 2𝑥 = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 𝑆 = {1}
!∈ℝ)

32. ln(𝑥 − 2) − ln 6 = ln(3𝑥)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 − 2 > 0 ∧ 3𝑥 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 2 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = ]2, +∞[

𝑥−2 2
ln(𝑥 − 2) − ln 6 = ln(3𝑥) ⟺ = 3𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 − 2 = 18𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 = − ∉ ]2, +∞[
6 17

𝑆=∅

33. 𝑥 ln 𝑥 +2ln 𝑥 & = 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 & > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ]0, +∞[

𝑥 ln 𝑥 +2ln 𝑥 & = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 +6 ln 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ ln 𝑥 (𝑥 + 6) = 0 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = −6 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 = 1 ∨ 𝑥 = −6 ∉ ]0, +∞[ 𝑆 = {1}

34. log & 𝑥 $ = 2 log & 𝑥

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 $ > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ]0, +∞[

log & 𝑥 $ = 2 log & 𝑥 ⟺ log & 𝑥 $ = log & 𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∩ ]0, +∞[ = ℝ"

𝑆 = ℝ"

𝑒 -.(!)"$
35. j klkm = 𝑥jlm
+2
4* 4*

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 + 2 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > −2} = ℝ"

𝑒 -.(!)"$ = 𝑥 + 2 ⟺ 𝑒 $ × 𝑒 -.(!) = 𝑥 + 2 ⟺ 𝑒 $ 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2 ⟺ 𝑒 $ 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 2 ⟺

$ $
⟺ 𝑥(𝑒 $ − 1) = 2 ⟺ 𝑥 = , " '# 𝑆 = @, " '#B
36. log & (2𝑥) = log & (𝑥 + 4)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 + 4 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > −4} = ℝ"

log & (2𝑥) = log & (𝑥 + 4) ⟺ 2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4 ⟺ 𝑥 = 4 𝑆 = {4}

37. log 0 (𝑥 $ + 5) = log 0 2

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ + 5 > 0} =
⏟ℝ
(∗)

(∗) 𝑥 $ ≥ 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ ⟺ 𝑥 $ + 5 > 0 + 5, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ ⟺ 𝑥 $ + 5 > 5 > 0 , ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

log 0 (𝑥 $ + 5) = log 0 2 ⟺ 𝑥 $ + 5 = 2 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = −3 , o que é impossível pois 𝑥 $ > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑆=∅
38. log $ 𝑥 = 4

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

log $ 𝑥 = 4 ⟺ log $ 𝑥 = log $ 16 ⟺ 𝑥 = 16

𝑆 = {16}

#
39. log 0 𝑥 = $

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"
'
#
log 0 𝑥 = $ ⟺ 𝑥 = 4" ⟺ 𝑥 = √4 ⟺ 𝑥 = 2 𝑆 = {2}

40. log ! 8 = 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 1} = ℝ" \{1}

log ! 8 = 3 ⟺ 𝑥 & = 8 ⟺ 𝑥 = 2 𝑆 = {2}

41. log#* (2𝑥 + 40) = 2

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 + 40 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 > −40} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −20} = ]−20, +∞[

#*" '0*
log#* (2𝑥 + 40) = 2 ⟺ 2𝑥 + 40 = 10$ ⟺ 𝑥 = = 30 𝑆 = {30}
$
42. log & (𝑥 + 1) = −1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −1} = ]−1, +∞[

1 1 2
log & (𝑥 + 1) = −1 ⟺ 𝑥 + 1 = 3'# ⟺ 𝑥 + 1 = ⟺𝑥 = −1⟺𝑥 =−
3 3 3
$
𝑆 = @− &B

43. log / (𝑥 $ − 8) = 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ − 8 > 0} = M𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 < −2√2 ∨ 𝑥 > 2√2N = r−∞, −2√2s ∪ r2√2, +∞s

log / (𝑥 $ − 8) = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 8 = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 9 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 ∨ 𝑥 = −3
−2√2 2√2

𝑆 = {−3,3}
44. log 0 𝑥 $ = 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ > 0} = ℝ\{0}

log 0 𝑥 $ = 3 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 4& ⟺ 𝑥 $ = (2$ )& ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 2% ⟺ 𝑥 = R2% = 8 ∨ 𝑥 = −R2% = −8

𝑆 = {−8,8}

45. log & 𝑥 $ = 4

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ > 0} = ℝ\{0}

log & 𝑥 $ = 4 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 30 ⟺ 𝑥 = √30 = 9 ∨ 𝑥 = −√30 = −9 𝑆 = {−9,9}

" '#
46. log $ K2! L=8

" '#
𝐷 = M𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2! > 0N =
⏟ℝ
(∗)

" '#
(*) 2! > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ
" '# " '#
Log $ K2! L = 8 ⟺ 2! = 22 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 1 = 8 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 9 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 ∨ 𝑥 = −3

𝑆 = {−3,3}
47. 2-CD"(|!|"&) = 11

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: |𝑥| + 3 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: |𝑥| > −3} =

⏟ℝ
(∗)

(∗) |𝑥| > 0 > −3, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

2-CD" (|!|"&) = 11 ⟺ |𝑥| + 3 = 11 ⟺ |𝑥| = 8 ⟺ 𝑥 = 8 ∨ 𝑥 = −8 𝑆 = {−8,8}

48. 𝑥 log & K√𝑥 − 1L = 𝑥

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 − 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 1} = ]1, +∞[

𝑥 log & K√𝑥 − 1L = 𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 log & K√𝑥 − 1L − 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥Klog & K√𝑥 − 1L − 1L = 0

⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ log & K√𝑥 − 1L = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ √𝑥 − 1 = 3 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∉ ]1, +∞[ ∨ √𝑥 − 1 = 3 ⟺

$
⟺ √𝑥 − 1 = 3 ⇒ K√𝑥 − 1L = 3$ ⟺ 𝑥 − 1 = 9 ⟺ 𝑥 = 10

Verificação: Se 𝑥 = 10 então 10 log & K√10 − 1L = 10 ⟺ 10 log & K√9L = 10 ⟺

⟺ 10 log & K√9L = 10 ⟺ log & 3 = 10 ⟺ 10 × 1 = 10 𝑃. 𝑉. 𝑆 = {10}

49. log $ (𝑥 + 1) + log $ (𝑥 − 1) = 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 1 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 − 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −1 ∧ 𝑥 > 1} = ]1, +∞[

log $ (𝑥 + 1) + log $ (𝑥 − 1) = 3 ⟺ log $ (𝑥 + 1) + log $ (𝑥 − 1) = log $ 8 ⟺

⟺ log $ [(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)] = log $ 8 ⟺ log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) = log $ 8 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 1 = 8 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 9 ⟺

⟺ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 − 3 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 + 3 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 ∨ 𝑥 = −3 ∉ ]1, +∞[

𝑆 = {3}

50. ln(2! − 1) = ln 7

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2! − 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2! > 1} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2! > 2* } = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

ln(2! − 1) = ln 7 ⟺ 2! − 1 = 7 ⟺ 2! = 8 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 𝑆 = {3}

51. ln 𝑥 = 4
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

ln 𝑥 = 4 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒 0 𝑆 = {𝑒 0 }
 #
52. ln 𝑥 =
$

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"
'
#
ln 𝑥 = $ ⟺ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 " ⟺ 𝑥 = √𝑒 𝑆 = M√𝑒N

53. ln 𝑥 = 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

ln 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 * ⟺ 𝑥 = 1 𝑆 = {1}

54. ln 𝑥 = 1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

ln 𝑥 = 1 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 # ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑆 = {𝑒}

55. 1 + ln 𝑥 = 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

1 + ln 𝑥 = 3 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = 3 − 1 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = 2 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 $ ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒 $

𝑆 = {𝑒}
56. ln(2𝑥 + 4) = 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 + 4 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 > −4} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −2} = ]−2, +∞[

, ! '0
ln(2𝑥 + 4) = 3 ⟺ ln(2𝑥 + 4) = ln 𝑒 & ⟺ 2𝑥 + 4 = 𝑒 & ⟺ 2𝑥 = 𝑒 & − 4 ⟺ 𝑥 =
$

, ! '0
𝑆=@ $
B

57. 4 + 2 ln(3𝑥 + 1) = 1

1 1
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 3𝑥 + 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 3𝑥 > −1} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > − H = b− , +∞c
3 3

3 &
4 + 2 ln(3𝑥 + 1) = 1 ⟺ 2 ln(3𝑥 + 1) = −3 ⟺ ln(3𝑥 + 1) = − ⟺ 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑒 '$ ⟺
2

1 1 √𝑒 √𝑒 √𝑒 − 𝑒 $
⟺ 3𝑥 = − 1 ⟺ 3𝑥 = × − 1 ⟺ 3𝑥 = $ − 1 ⟺ 3𝑥 = ⟺
𝑒 √𝑒 𝑒 √𝑒 √𝑒 𝑒 𝑒$

√,', " √,', "

⟺𝑥= &, "
𝑆=@ &, "
B
58. ln(5𝑥 − 1) − ln 2 = ln(2𝑥 + 1)

1 1 1
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 5𝑥 − 1 > 0 ∧ 2𝑥 + 1 > 0} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > ∧ 𝑥 > − H = b− , +∞c
5 2 2
/!'# /!'#
ln(5𝑥 − 1) − ln 2 = ln(2𝑥 + 1) ⟺ ln , - = ln(2𝑥 + 1) ⟺ = 2𝑥 + 1 ⟺
$ $

⟺ 5𝑥 − 1 = 4𝑥 + 2 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 𝑆 = {3}

59. 2ln 𝑥 = ln 3 + ln(2𝑥 − 3)

3 3
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 2𝑥 − 3 > 0} = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > H = b , +∞c
2 2

2ln 𝑥 = ln 3 + ln(2𝑥 − 3) ⟺ ln 𝑥 $ = ln(6𝑥 − 9) ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 6𝑥 − 9 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0 ⟺

⟺ (𝑥 − 3)$ = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 𝑆 = {3}

60. log#$ (𝑥 − 3) + log#$ (𝑥 + 1) = 1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 − 3 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 + 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 3 ∧ 𝑥 > −1} = ]3, +∞[

log#$ (𝑥 − 3) + log#$ (𝑥 + 1) = 1 ⟺ log#$ (𝑥 − 3) + log#$ (𝑥 + 1) = log#$ 12 ⟺

⟺ log#$ [(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)] = log#$ 12 ⟺ (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 12 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 2𝑥 − 3 = 12 ⟺

2 ± √4 + 60 2 ± √64
⟺ 𝑥 $ − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = ⟺𝑥= ⟺
2 2

⟺ 𝑥 = 5 ∨ 𝑥 = −3 ∉ ]3, +∞[ ⟺ 𝑥 = 5 𝑆 = {5}

61. log 0 (𝑥 − 1)$ = 1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: (𝑥 − 1)$ > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≠ 1} = ℝ\{1}

log 0 (𝑥 − 1)$ = 1 ⟺ log 0 (𝑥 − 1)$ = log 0 4 ⟺ (𝑥 − 1)$ = 4 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 − 1 = ±√4 ⟺ 𝑥 − 1 = 2 ∨ 𝑥 − 1 = −2 ⟺ 𝑥 = 3 ∨ 𝑥 = −1 𝑆 = {−1,3}

Resolva, em ℝ, as seguintes inequações:

&
62. 𝑒 $!"# < 3 ⟺ 𝑒 $!"# < 𝑒 -. & ⟺ 2𝑥 + 1 < ln 3 ⟺ 2𝑥 < ln 3 − ln 𝑒 ⟺ 2𝑥 < ln ,,- ⟺

! '
-.F G # & & " & &
(
⟺𝑥< $
⟺ 𝑥 < $ × ln ,, - ⟺ 𝑥 < ln ,, - ⟺ 𝑥 < ln y8, z 𝑆 = {−∞, ln y8, z|
63. 2 + 𝑒 ! ≤ 3𝑒 ! − 6 ⟺ 8 ≤ 2𝑒 ! ⟺ 𝑒 ! ≥ 4 ⟺ 𝑥 ≥ ln 4 𝑆 = ]ln 4 , +∞[

, !$#*
64. 𝑒 &!'0 < 4𝑒 !"# ⟺ < 4 ⟺ 𝑒 &!'0'(!"#) < 4 ⟺ 𝑒 &!'0'!'# < 4 ⟺ 𝑒 $!'/ < 4 ⟺
, $)'

⟺ 2𝑥 − 5 < ln 4 ⟺ 2𝑥 < ln 4 + 5 ⟺ 2𝑥 < ln 4 + ln 𝑒 / ⟺ 2𝑥 < ln(4𝑒 / ) ⟺

ln(4𝑒 / ) 1 # /
⟺𝑥< ⟺ 𝑥 < × ln(4𝑒 / ) ⟺ 𝑥 < ln(4𝑒 / )$ ⟺ 𝑥 < ln g4𝑒 $ h
2 2
+
𝑆 = d−∞, ln ,4𝑒 " -e

'
,$ & & # & & #
65. 2𝑒 ! ≥ 3√𝑒 ⟺ ≥ ⟺ 𝑒 !'" ≥ ⟺ 𝑥 − ≥ ln ⟺ 𝑥 ≥ ln + ⟺
√, $ $ $ $ $ $

' '
& & & &
⟺ 𝑥 ≥ ln $ + ln 𝑒 " ⟺ 𝑥 ≥ ln ,$ 𝑒 " - ⟺ 𝑥 ≥ ln ,$ √𝑒- 𝑆 = eln ,$ √𝑒- , +∞e

%
66. 𝑒 ! + 1 > 6𝑒 '! ⟺ 𝑒 ! + 1 − 6𝑒 '! > 0 ⟺ 𝑒 ! + 1 − , $ > 0 ⟺

𝑒 $! + 𝑒 ! − 6 -3 2
⟺ >0 ⟺ O 𝑒 $! + 𝑒 ! − 6 > 0 ⟺
O 𝑦$ + 𝑦 − 6 > 0 ⟺
𝑒! $
, 4*,∀!∈ℝ 98, $
0,

⟺ 𝑦 > 2 ∨ 𝑦 < −3 ⟺ 𝑒 ! > 2 ∨ 𝑒 ! < −3 ⟺

O 𝑒 ! > 2 ⟺ 𝑥 > ln 2
, $ 4*,∀!∈ℝ

𝑆 = [ln 2 , +∞[

$* $* $*', $(2", $ ) $*', $ (2", $ )

67. ≥ 𝑒! ⟺ − 𝑒! ≥ 0 ⟺ ≥0⟺ ≥0⟺
2", $ 2", $ 2", $ 2", $ -10 2
0,
20 − 8𝑒 ! − 𝑒 $!
⟺ ≥0 ⟺
O 20 − 8𝑒 ! − 𝑒 $! ≥ 0 ⟺ 𝑒 $! + 8𝑒 ! − 20 ≤ 0 ⟺
8 + 𝑒! $
2", 4H,∀!∈ℝ

O 𝑦 $ + 8𝑦 − 20 ≤ 0 ⟺ −10 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 ⟺ 𝑒 ! ≥ −10 ∧ 𝑒 ! ≤ 2
⟺ ⟺
O
98, $ , $ 4H,∀!∈ℝ

⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 𝑥 ≤ ln 2 ⟺ 𝑥 ≤ ln 2 𝑆 = ]−∞, ln 2]

68.log $ 𝑥 ≤ log $ 5

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

log $ 𝑥 ≤ log $ 5 ⟺ 𝑥 ≤ 5 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 5] ∩ ℝ" ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]0,5] 𝑆 = ]0,5]

69. log & (2 − 𝑥) < 2

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2 − 𝑥 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: − 𝑥 > −2} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 < 2} = ]−∞, 2[

log & (2 − 𝑥) < 2 ⟺ 2 − 𝑥 < 3$ ⟺ −𝑥 < 7 ⟺ 𝑥 > −7 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−7, +∞[

𝑆 = ]−7, +∞[ ∩ ]−∞, 2[ = ]−7,2[

70.2 log(𝑥 + 2) ≥ 1 + log(𝑥 + 0,4)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 2 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 + 0,4 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −2 ∧ 𝑥 > −0,4} = ]−0,4; +∞[

2 log(𝑥 + 2) ≥ 1 + log(𝑥 + 0,4) ⟺ log(𝑥 + 2)$ ≥ log 10 + log(𝑥 + 0,4) ⟺

0 6
$ $
⟺ log (𝑥 + 2) ≥ log(10𝑥 + 4) ⟺ (𝑥 + 2) ≥ 10𝑥 + 4 ⟺ 0,

⟺ 𝑥 $ + 4𝑥 + 4 ≥ 10𝑥 + 4 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 6𝑥 ≥ 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 0[ ∪ ]6, +∞[ ⟺

𝑆 = (]−∞, 0[ ∪ ]6, +∞[) ∩ ]−0,4; +∞[ = ]−0,4; 0[ ∪ ]6, +∞[

71. log $ $ (𝑥 − 3) − log $ (𝑥 − 3) − 2 ≥ 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 − 3 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 3} = ]3, +∞[

log $ $ (𝑥 − 3) − log $ (𝑥 − 3) − 2 ≥ 0 ⟺
O 𝑦$ − 𝑦 − 2 ≥ 0 ⟺ -1 2
98-CD" (!'&) 0,

⟺ 𝑦 ≤ 1 ∨ 𝑦 ≥ 2 ⟺ log $ (𝑥 − 3) ≤ −1 ∨ log $ (𝑥 − 3) ≥ 2 ⟺

1 1
⟺ log $ (𝑥 − 3) ≤ ⟺ log $ ∨ log $ (𝑥 − 3) ≥ log $ 4 ⟺ 𝑥 − 3 ≤ ∨ 𝑥 − 3 ≥ 4 ⟺
2 2

7 7
⟺𝑥≤ ∨ 𝑥 ≥ 7 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ b−∞, c ∪ ]7, +∞[ ⟺ 𝑥
2 2

7 7
𝑆 = gb−∞, c ∪ ]7, +∞[h ∩ ]3; +∞[ = b3, c ∪ ]7, +∞[
2 2

72. log $ 𝑥 < 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

log $ 𝑥 < 3 ⟺ log $ 𝑥 < log $ 8 ⟺ 𝑥 < 8 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 8[

𝑆 = ]−∞, 8[ ∩ ]0, +∞[ = ]0,8[

73. 1 − log & (𝑥 + 1) ≤ 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 1 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −1} = ]−1; +∞[

1 − log & (𝑥 + 1) ≤ 0 ⟺ − log & (𝑥 + 1) ≤ −1 ⟺ log & (𝑥 + 1) ≥ 1 ⟺

⟺ log & (𝑥 + 1) ≥ log & 3 ⟺ 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 3 ⟺ 𝑥 ≥ 2 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]2, +∞[

𝑆 = ]2, +∞[ ∩ ]−1; +∞[ = ]2, +∞[

# #
74. log $ − 1 ≥ log $
! !"#

1 1
𝐷 = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: > 0 ∧ > 0H = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 + 1 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} =
𝑥+1 𝑥

= {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > −1 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

Cálculos auxiliares relativos ao domínio:

#
• !"#
O 𝑥 + 1 > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 > −1 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−1, +∞[
>0⟺
#4*

#
• !
O 𝑥 > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]0, +∞[
>0⟺
#4*
1
1 1 1 1 𝑥 1
log $ − 1 ≥ log $ ⟺ log $ − log $ 2 ≥ log $ ⟺ log $ ≥ log $ ⟺
𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥 𝑥+1 2 𝑥+1

1 1 1 1 1 1 𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥
⟺ log $ ≥ log $ ⟺ ≥ ⟺ − ≥0⟺ ≥0⟺
2𝑥 𝑥+1 2𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)

−𝑥 + 1
⟺ ≥0
2𝑥 $ + 2𝑥

Cálculos auxiliares:

• −𝑥 + 1 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1

• 2𝑥 $ + 2𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 0 ∨ 𝑥 = −1

−∞ +∞
−1 0 1
−𝑥 + 1
+ 0 + + + 0 -
2𝑥 # + 2𝑥 + 0 - 0 + + +
−𝑥 + 1 + 𝑁𝐷 - 𝑁𝐷 + 0 -
2𝑥 # + 2𝑥

𝑆 = (]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]0,1]) ∩ ℝ" = ]0,1]

75. log $ |𝑥| < 1

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: |𝑥| > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≠ 0} = ℝ\{0}

log $ |𝑥| < 1 ⟺ log $ |𝑥| < log $ 2 ⟺ |𝑥| < 2 ⟺ −2 < 𝑥 < 2 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]−2,2[

𝑆 = ]−2,2[ ∩ ℝ\{0} = ]−2,2[\{0} = ]−2,0[ ∪ ]0,2[

76. log (𝑥 − 2)$ < log(𝑥 $ + 3)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: (𝑥 − 2)$ > 0 ∧ 𝑥 $ + 3 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≠ 2 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} = ℝ\{2}

Cálculos auxiliares:

• (𝑥 − 2)$ > 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ≠ 2

• 𝑥$ ≥ 0 ⟺ 𝑥$ + 3 ≥ 3 > 0

log (𝑥 − 2)$ < log(𝑥 $ + 3) ⟺ (𝑥 − 2)$ < 𝑥 $ + 3 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 4𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 $ − 3 < 0 ⟺

1 1
⟺ −4𝑥 − 1 < 0 ⟺ −4𝑥 < 1 ⟺ 𝑥 > − ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ b− , +∞c
4 4

1 1 1
𝑆 = b− , +∞c ∩ ℝ\{2} = b− , +∞c \{2} = b− , 2c ∪ ]2, +∞[
4 4 4

77. 𝑥 ln 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

𝑥 ln 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟺ 𝑥(ln 𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0

Cálculos auxiliares:

• ln 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒

−∞ 0 𝑒 +∞
𝑥 - 0 + + +
ln 𝑥 − 1 - + - 0 +
𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 ≤ 0 + 0 - 0. +

𝑥 ln 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝑒] ∩ ℝ" ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ ]0, 𝑒]

𝑆 = ]0, 𝑒]
 -. !
78. #'-. ! ≥ 0

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"
Cálculos auxiliares:

• ln 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 1

• 1 − ln 𝑥 = 0 ⟺ ln 𝑥 = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒

−∞ 1 𝑒 +∞
𝑥 - 0 + + +
ln 𝑥 − 1 + + + 0 -
𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 - 0 + 𝑁. 𝐷. -

ln 𝑥
≥ 0 ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 𝑒[ ∩ ℝ" ⟺ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 𝑒[
1 − ln 𝑥

𝑆 = [1, 𝑒[

79. log#* (4 − 3𝑥) > log#* 𝑥

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 4 − 3 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: − 3 𝑥 > −4 ∧ 𝑥 > 0}

4 4
= G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 < ∧ 𝑥 > 0H = b0, c
3 3

log#* (4 − 3𝑥) > log#* 𝑥 ⟺ 4 − 3𝑥 > 𝑥 ⟺ 4 − 4𝑥 > 0 ⟺ −4𝑥 > −4 ⟺ 𝑥 < 1

4
𝑆 = ]−∞, 1[ ∩ b0, c = ]0,1[
3
#
80. log 2# 𝑥 $ ≤
$
-3 3
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ > 0} = ℝ\{0} 0,
'
#
log 2# 𝑥 $ ≤ $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ ≤ 81" ⟺ 𝑥 $ ≤ 9 ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 9 ≤ 0

Cálculos auxiliares:

𝑥 $ − 9 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = −3 ∨ 𝑥 = 3

𝑆 = [−3,3] ∩ ℝ\{0} = [−3,3]\{0} = [−3,0[ ∪ ]0,3]

81. log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) − 3 ≥ 0
-1 1
𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ − 1 > 0} = ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[ 0,
Cálculos auxiliares:

𝑥 $ − 1 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 1 ⟺ 𝑥 = −1 ∨ 𝑥 = 1

log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) − 3 ≥ 0 ⟺ log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) ≥ 3 ⟺ log $ (𝑥 $ − 1) ≥ log $ 8 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥$ − 1 ≥ 8 ⟺ 𝑥$ − 9 ≥ 0
-3 3
Cálculos auxiliares: 0,
𝑥 $ − 9 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 $ = 9 ⟺ 𝑥 = −3 ∨ 𝑥 = 3

𝑆 = (]−∞, −3] ∪ [3, +∞[) ∩ (]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[) = ]−∞, −3] ∪ [3, +∞[

82. 1 + log / K√𝑥 + 21L ≥ 3

𝐷 = M𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ √𝑥 + 21 > 0N = M𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ √𝑥 > −21N

= {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} = ℝ"

1 + log / K√𝑥 + 21L ≥ 3 ⟺ log / K√𝑥 + 21L ≥ 2 ⟺ log / K√𝑥 + 21L ≥ log / 25 ⟺

⟺ √𝑥 + 21 ≥ 25 ⟺ √𝑥 ≥ 4 ⇒ 𝑥 ≥ 16

𝑆 = [16, +∞[ ∩ ℝ" = [16, +∞[

83. 2 + ln 𝑥 < 3

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > 0} = ℝ"

2 + ln 𝑥 < 3 ⟺ ln 𝑥 < 1 ⟺ ln 𝑥 < ln 𝑒 ⟺ 𝑥 < 𝑒

𝑆 = ]−∞, 𝑒[ ∩ ℝ" = ]0, 𝑒[

84. ln(2𝑥 − 1) +ln(5𝑥 + 2) < 2ln(3𝑥)

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 2𝑥 − 1 > 0 ∧ 5𝑥 + 2 > 0 ∧ 3𝑥 > 0}

1 2 1
= G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 > ∧ 𝑥 > − ∧ 𝑥 > 0H = b , +∞c
2 5 2

ln(2𝑥 − 1) +ln(5𝑥 + 2) < 2ln(3𝑥) ⟺ ln(10𝑥 $ − 𝑥 − 2) < ln(9𝑥 $ ) ⟺

-1 2
⟺ 10𝑥 $ − 𝑥 − 2 < 9𝑥 $ ⟺ 𝑥 $ − 𝑥 − 2 < 0 ⟺ −1 < 𝑥 < 2 0,

1 1
𝑆 = ]−1,2[ ∩ b , +∞c = b , 2c
2 2
85. 1 + 3 ln(𝑥 $ ) ≥ 4

𝐷 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 $ > 0} = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≠ 0} = ℝ\{0}

1 + 3 ln(𝑥 $ ) ≥ 4 ⟺ 3 ln(𝑥 $ ) ≥ 3 ⟺ ln(𝑥 $ ) ≥ 1 ⟺ ln(𝑥 $ ) ≥ ln 𝑒 ⟺ 𝑥 $ ≥ 𝑒 ⟺

⟺ 𝑥$ − 𝑒 ≥ 0

Cálculo auxiliar:
−√𝑒 √𝑒
$ $
𝑥 − 𝑒 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑒 ⟺ 𝑥 = −√𝑒 ∨ 𝑥 = √𝑒 0,

𝑆 = Kr−∞, −√𝑒r ∪ s√𝑒, +∞sL ∩ ℝ\{0} = r−∞, −√𝑒r ∪ s√𝑒, +∞s

2
86. 1 + 2 ln , − 4- ≤ 1
!

8 8 − 4𝑥
𝐷 = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: − 4 > 0H = G𝑥 ∈ ℝ: > 0H = ]0,2[
𝑥 𝑥
Cálculos auxiliares:

• 8 − 4𝑥 = 0 ⟺ −4𝑥 = −8 ⟺ 𝑥 = 2

−∞ 0 2 +∞
8 − 4𝑥 + + + 0 -
𝑥 - 0 + + +
8 − 4𝑥 - 𝑁𝐷 + 0 -
𝑥

8 8 8 8
1 + 2 ln g − 4h ≤ 1 ⟺ 2 ln g − 4h ≤ 0 ⟺ ln g − 4h ≤ ln 1 ⟺ − 4 ≤ 1 ⟺
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

8 8 − 5𝑥
⟺ −5≤0⟺ ≤0
𝑥 𝑥

Cálculos auxiliares:

2
• 8 − 5𝑥 = 0 ⟺ −5𝑥 = −8 ⟺ 𝑥 = /

−∞ 0 8 +∞
5
8 − 5𝑥 + + + 0 -
𝑥 - 0 + + +
8 − 5𝑥 - 𝑁𝐷 + 0 -
𝑥

8 8
𝑆 = g]−∞, 0[ ∪ c , +∞ch ∪ ]0,2[ = c , 2c
5 5