Enculturation and Socialization

Conformity and Deviance

Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common

Good
• Relate the three major • Explain how norms, values,
perspectives of identity status, and roles help an
formation to the individual in becoming a
knowledge of one’s self. member of society
 BECOMING KAPWA IN THE
PHILIPPINE SOCIETY

Kapwa - defined by Virgilio Enriquez

(founder of Sikolohiyang Filipino), as both
the self and others.
How do we become
a member of
society/a kapwa?
 ENCULTURATION AND
SOCIALIZATION

Enculturation - process by
which one becomes part of
his/her culture.
 ENCULTURATION AND
SOCIALIZATION
Socialization - process by which individuals
acquire knowledge, language, social skills,
and value to conform to the norms and roles
required for integration into a
group/community.
•

•
Identity
• the qualities, behavior, values, beliefs,
personality, looks and/or expressions that
make a person.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO IDENTITY
CHANGE:

• Environment • from societies,

• Context groups, or other
• Expectations identities that it
interacts with
 THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES IN
IDENTITY FORMATION
• Identity Theory - based on roles
assigned to individuals.

• Social Identity Theory - group

membership and acceptance by the
group.
 THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES IN
IDENTITY FORMATION

• Personal Identity Theory - based on the

personal characteristics of an individual.
 SENSE OF SELF

Who am I? How good am I

as a person?
 PERSONALITY

• Characteristics of a person arising from

the interaction of:

a. Genetics c. Enculturation
b. Socialization d. Life Experiences
 FACTORS INFLUENCING SENSE
OF SELF
a.) Past behaviors and achievements and
failures
b.) Others’ perception (family & peers)
c.) Own perception about worthiness and
accomplishments in comparison to others.
 NORMS

• Shared ideas and expectations about

how certain people act in a given
situation.

• Has four (4) kinds.

 FOUR KINDS OF NORMS
a.) Customs of folkways
• traditions and religious practices
observed by a given community.
• followed for the sake of respecting
their parents or the community’s way
of life and sake of convenience.
 FOUR KINDS OF NORMS
b.) Mores
• norms that regulate ethical behavior
• point to question what is wrong and
right as prescribed by the society.
• violating it may not have moral or legal
consequences.
 FOUR KINDS OF NORMS
c.) Taboos
• norms prohibiting individuals against
practices that are considered to be
extremely “immoral” or
“unacceptable” in a society.
 FOUR KINDS OF NORMS
d.) Laws
• written norms legislated by a law-making
body.
• carry punishment as a consequence for
violators.
 VALUES
• beliefs or intangible qualities accepted
and endorsed by a given society.
 FILIPINO VALUES
Religiosity
• spiritual life and religious practices are
common to Christians, Muslims, and
other Filipinos who belong to different
religious groups.
 FILIPINO VALUES
Utang na Loob
• (a sense of gratitude not a debt of
gratitude)
• returning a favor or doing good to the
person who helps you.
 FILIPINO VALUES
Bayanihan
• the act of an entire village or group of
neighbors to help their kapwa.
 FILIPINO VALUES
Pakikipagkapwa
• similar to the golden rule of Confucius -
do not do to others what you do not
want done to yourself.
 STATUS

• refers to our social position in society at

a given time.

• has two basic types

 TWO BASIC TYPES OF
STATUS
a.) Ascribed Status
• fixed for an individual at birth.
• include those based upon sex, age, race,
ethnic group, and family background.
 TWO BASIC TYPES OF
STATUS
b.) Achieved Status
• those which individual acquires during
his/her lifetime because of the exercise
of knowledge, ability, skill, and/or
perseverance.
 ROLES

• duties and responsibilities expected of

us to fulfill because of our status.

• depends on AGE.
 GENDER IDENTITY

• a personal understanding of oneself as

male or female.
 GENDER ROLE

• a set of societal norms imposing the

types of behaviors which are usually
considered acceptable, appropriate, or
desirable, for people grounded based on
one’s real or supposed sex or sexuality
 STATUS ROLES

STUDENT STUDY WELL

POLICEMAN PROTECT CITIZENS

GOV. OFFICIALS SERVE THE PEOPLE

 ROLE CONFLICT

• stems out from the challenging and

opposing pressures of two or more roles
that struggle for our time and attention.