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fwjDg-10, bs-1, Rvbyqvwi-Ryb 2020

Be‡b wmbvi Kvbyb-Gi Av‡jv‡K gvbe‡`‡ni Dci FZz cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve

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Abstract
The definition of medicine at the beginning of the book of Canon states that, it is a science that
deals with the condition of the human body, health and the causes of disease, and how to maintain
or restore good health. According to this source, Ibn Sina describes three groups of causes of
diseases are: (1) Primitive, or extra-corporal causes (trauma, heat, cold), (11) Antecedent causes
(repletion, starvation) and (111) Conjoined causes. In this Sources it is also describe seasons as
strong seasons (Summer and Winter) and Weak seasons (Spring and Autumn). The atmospheric
air temperature changes with seasonal variation that influence in various way on the human
health. These are menifested as various diseases in different season that are describe in this article.

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RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 131

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n‡q‡Q| †jvwnZ KwbKvi msL¨v wewjq‡b cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|19

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FZzi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j gvbe‡`‡ni Ici cÖfve
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jvj‡P †`Lv hvq|21 AwZwi³ ZvcgvÎvi d‡j kix‡ii is njy` eY© n‡q hvq KviY i³ KwYKv¸‡jv
†f‡O hvq| i³ KwYKv †f‡O hvIqvi d‡j gvby‡li kixi nj‡` †`Lv hvq| AwZwi³ ZvcgvÎvi
d‡j AviI wKQz DcmM© †`Lv hvq| †hgb- AwZwi³ Nvg, cÖ¯ªv‡ei cwigvY K‡g hvq, Lvevi nRg
nq bv, Z…òv cvq|
kxZ FZz I kxZj evqygÐj
kxZ FZz‡Z AvenvIqv kvšÍ _v‡K| kxZj AvenvIqvi Kvi‡Y nRg e„w× cvq, cÖ¯ªv‡ei cwigvY
ev‡o, cvqLvbv Kmv n‡q hvq| D‡jøL¨ †h kxZ †gŠmy‡g Nv‡gi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j cÖ¯ª v‡ei
132 Be‡b wmbvi Kvbyb-Gi Av‡jv‡K gvbe‡`‡ni Dci FZz cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve

cwigvY †e‡o hvq| G mgq A‡bK A‡j Lye †ewk Kzqvkv c‡o| Be‡b wmbv kx‡Zi Kzqvkv
m¤ú‡K© e‡jb:
Kzqvkv”Qbœ evqy g‡bi Dci GKwU nZvkvRbK cÖfve †d‡j Ges gvby‡li gvbwmK Ae¯’v weiw³Ki
I wLUwL‡U n‡q hvq| Gai‡bi evZvm (Foggy air) Nb evZv‡mi g‡Zv bq| Nb evZv‡m
(dense air) c`v‡_©i Kbv¸‡jv Nb AvKv‡i _v‡K wKš` Kzqvkv”Qbœ evZv‡m c`v‡_©i †h KYv¸‡jvi
mv‡_ wgwkÖZ nq Zv †gvUv (cÖvqB Zv ev¯Í‡e `„k¨gvb)| G RvZxq evqyi jÿY n‡jv †QvU AvKv‡ii
Zviv¸‡jv Gi ga¨ w`‡q Kg †`Lv hvq GgbwK MÖn¸‡jvi †ZRI w¯’i n‡Z ïiæ nIqvi D¾¡jZv
K‡g hvq| cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ev‡®úi Dcw¯’wZ Ges †auvqvi Øviv ev fv‡jv evZv‡mi Afv‡e Zxeª kx‡Z
Svcmv evZvm (murky air) Drcvw`Z nq|22
Av`©ª evqygÐj
Av`ª© evqy Z¡K cwieZ©b K‡i Z¡K‡K big K‡i †`q| d‡j m¤úbœ kixi‡KI Av`©ª K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K
ﮋ evqygÐj kixi‡K iæÿ I welYœ K‡i|
wewfbœ FZz‡Z AvenvIqvi cwieZ©‡b m„ó †ivMmg~n
AvenvIqvi cwieZ©‡b gvby‡li kix‡i A‡bK †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve N‡U| cÖ‡Z¨K †gŠmyg Abyhvqx †iv‡Mi
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†iv‡Mi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
emšÍ FZzi †ivM
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w`‡q i³ cov, i‡³i D`MxiY, †duvov IVv, Zxeª ey‡K e¨_v, KvievbKvj, wkiv-Dcwkiv dz‡j
hvIqv (†fwiKm‡fBb), Kvwki mv‡_ i³ cov, Zxeª Kvwk, †eªvbKvBwUm, G¨vRgv, †eªvb‡Kv
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c¨vivjvBwmm, Mxov e¨v_v, A½-weK…wZ I mbœ¨vm †ivM G FZz‡Z cwijwÿZ nq| eqtmwÜi Ici
emšÍ FZzi A‡bK †ewk cÖfve _v‡K|23
MÖx®§Kvjxb †ivMmg~n
Avgiv mK‡jB AeMZ MÖx®§Kv‡j cÖPÐ Mig c‡o| Be‡b wmbv e‡jb Zxeª Mig n‡j cvjvR¡i
(tertian) avivevwnK R¡i (continued), ÿxYZv, Kv‡b e¨_v, †Pv‡L cÖ`vn, wewfbœ iK‡gi
Pg©‡ivM Ges dvivb‡Kvwmm (furunculosis) †ivM †`Lv hvq| hLb Mig wKQzUv Kg Abyf~Z nq
ZLb g„`y R¡i nq Ges wRnŸv-KÉ iæÿ I KK©k nq bv| Kvbyb-G D‡jøL i‡q‡Q †h, em‡šÍi mgq
`wÿY †Mv‡jv‡a© g„Zz¨nvi †e‡o hvq| GQvov DËi †Mvjva© m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb:
DËi †Mvjva© ¯^v‡¯’¨i c‡ÿ AbyK~j| hw` †Kv‡bv †ivM †`Lv †`q Zv mvaviYZ `„k¨gvb †ivM nq
†hgb- mw`©, G¨vRgv, ev‡Zi e¨_v| G¸‡jv `xN©‡gqv`x †ivM| GQvov DËi †Mvjv‡a© hw`
AvenvIqv ﮋ nq Zvn‡j Zv gvby‡li kvšÍ kvixwiK MV‡b Ges gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ DcKvix| hviv
wLUwL‡U †gRvR wewkó Zv‡`i †Pv‡Li mgm¨v †`Lv †`q, GQvovI `xN©‡gqv`x R¡i Ges
cwicvKZ‡š¿ wewfbœ ai‡bi †ivM †`Lv †`q, †hgb WvBwiqv|24
kirKv‡ji †ivM
kirKv‡j wZb w`b ci ci R¡‡ii cÖv`yf©ve †`Lv hvq, wcønv eo nq, cÖ¯ªv‡ei cwigvY K‡g hvq
(oliguria), cÖ¯ªv‡e R¡vjv †cvov nq (dysuria), mvaviY ÿq R¡i, wWc‡_wiqv (diphtheria),
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 133

¯‹vi‡jU wdfvi (Scarlet fever) Ges R¡‡ii mv‡_ kix‡ii Z¡‡K jvj UKU‡K `vM n‡q hvq| 25 G
mg‡q wewfbœ iKg Pg©‡ivM †`Lv hvq †hgb- Bg‡cUvB‡Mv (impetigo), †LvmcuvPov (scabies),
gy‡L `~wlZ ÿZ (canker), †QvU cuyRhy³ dzmKzwo (pustules), Zxeª KÉbvjxi cÖ`vn, dzmdz‡m
h²v‡ivM (phthisis), `xN©‡gqv`x dzmdz‡m cÖ`vn (chronic pulmonary affections) †`Lv
hvq| ki‡Zi cÖ_‡g hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³i kix‡i G †iv‡Mi jÿY myß Ae¯’vq _v‡K Z‡e ki‡Zi
†k‡l G jÿY e„w× †c‡Z †`Lv hvq| gw¯Í‡®‹ mbœ¨vm †ivM (Apoplexy) GK ai‡bi gvbwmK †ivM
we‡kl, hv gvby‡li †gRvR‡K wLUwL‡U K‡i †Zv‡j| GQvov AšÍtbvjxi †iv‡Mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
D`vivgq (Diarrhoea)| kirKv‡j wMive¨_v, †Kvgi †_‡K cv ch©šÍ ¯œvqyRwbZ e¨_v (sciatica)
†ivM †ewk †`Lv hvq| ki‡Zi cÖ_g w`‡Ki wKQz mgq eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki Rb¨ Lye fv‡jv mgq Ges G
FZzi †k‡li w`‡K Zv‡`i Rb¨ Lvivc cÖfve †d‡j|26
kxZKv‡ji †ivM
kxZKv‡j mvaviYZ bv‡Ki †ivM †ewk cwijwÿZ nq| G mgq bv‡Ki wSwjø‡Z cÖ`vn, dzmdz‡mi c`©vq
cÖ`vn, dzmdz‡m cÖ`vn †`Lv †`q, Mjv †dm‡d‡m n‡q hvq| ey‡K e¨_v, †Kvgi, †Kvg‡ii cv‡k e¨_v,
gv_v e¨_v, g„Mx †ivM, mbœ¨vm †ivM nq| kx‡Zi †ivM eq¯‹ †jvK‡`i Rb¨ kÎæi b¨vq KvR K‡i|27
¸iæZ¡ ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
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cwieZ©b AviI `ªæZ n‡”Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b gvby‡li my¯’ Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ †h ûgwK wn‡m‡e †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q Zv fwel¨‡Z Av‡iv Zxeª AvKvi aviY Ki‡e| ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©b wb‡q we‡k¦i mKj
ivóªB GLb †mv”Pvi| A_P Rjevqy cwieZ©b I FZz cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© cÖvq GMv‡iv kZ ermi c~‡e©
`vk©wbK I wPwKrmv weÁvbx Be‡b wmbv Zuvi Kvbyb MÖ‡š’ we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| c„w_exi DËi
†Mvjv‡a© †hiƒc AvenvIqv `wÿY †Mvjv‡a© Zvi wecixZ AvenvIqv †`Lv hvq| d‡j †ivM e¨wai
†ÿ‡ÎI Dfq †Mvjv‡a© wfbœZv cwijwÿZ nq| †Kv‡bv mgq cÖPÐ Mig, †Kv‡bv mgq ˆkZ¨ cÖevn
Avevi KLbI †`Lv hvq AwZwi³ So-R‡jv”Q¡vm I mybvwgi g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©vM| g~jZ FZz
cwieZ©‡bi mgq bvbv iKg RxevYy AvµgY I cwi‡e‡ki cwie©ZbRwbZ Kvi‡YB †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve
†ewk nq| d‡j Avgv‡`i kixi mwVKfv‡e gvwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB FZz cwieZ©‡bi mgq my¯’
_vKvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb m‡PZbZv, kixiPP©v, cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _vKv, FZz Abyhvqx cywóKi
Lvevi LvIqv| Avgiv A‡b‡KB cÖ‡Z¨K FZzi †ivM m¤ú‡K© AewnZ bB Ges Be‡b wmbvi FZz
cwieZ©bRwbZ Aa¨vq †_‡K †`Lv hvq gvbe‡`‡ni Ici G cwieZ©b e¨vcK cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i|
ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K m‡PZb e¨w³i G m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv AZ¨vek¨K| G eY©bv †_‡K Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨K
FZzi †ivM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| AZGe Avgiv FZz cwieZ©‡bi mg‡q wb‡R‡`i‡K mwVKfv‡e
cÖ¯`Z ivL‡Z mÿg n‡ev|
Dcmsnvi
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, Kvbyb MÖ‡š’i Jl‡ai BwZnvm I cÖvmw½K Aa¨vqmg~‡ni mswkøó Av‡jvPbvq
GwU ¯úó nq †h, `vk©wbK Be‡b wmbv wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi cw_K…r| wZwb cÖK…wZi wewfbœ FZz,
AvenvIqvi cwieZ©‡b m„ó †ivMmg~‡ni eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov gvbe Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †ivM,
ü`‡ivM, †Pv‡Li †ivM, Z¡‡Ki †ivM QvovI †ivMwbY©q I wPwKrmv m¤úwK©Z A‡bK Z_¨ Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| Avgiv ïay FZz cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„ó wewfbœ †ivM m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| G
wel‡q Zuvi aviYv I Ávb wQj my¯úó Ges gvbe‡`‡ni Ici Gi cÖfv‡ei wel‡q wZwbB cÖ_g aviYv
134 Be‡b wmbvi Kvbyb-Gi Av‡jv‡K gvbe‡`‡ni Dci FZz cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve

Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, FZzi cwieZ©‡b AmsL¨ †QvU-eo †ivM †`Lv hvq Ges
Zv cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i mgq Dc‡hvMx wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| wZwb AviI g‡b Ki‡Zb
†h, FZz Abyhvqx mwVKfv‡e wbqg Abymv‡i Pj‡jB ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb I `xN©vqy jvf Kiv m¤¢e| Avi G
Kvi‡YB wZwb Zuvi MÖ‡š’i Ab¨ GKwU Aa¨v‡q Lv`¨ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| mn¯ª
eQi Av‡M Zuvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’ FZz cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m„ó †ivMmg~n m¤ú‡K© †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q Zv AvaywbK
hy‡M G‡mI Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwiPvjbvi †‣‡Î h‡_ó ev¯Íem¤§Z I Kvh©Ki wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ|
ev¯ÍweKB wPwKrmvwe`¨vi G‡‣‡Î Avgiv Be‡b wmbvi Kv‡Q FYx|

UxKv I Z_¨wb‡`©k
1. Muhammad Abdur Rahman Khan, Muslims Contribution to Science and Culture (Delhi:
Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I-Delhi, 2009), p. 27
2. byiæj †nv‡mb †Lv›`Kvi, wek¦ mf¨Zvq gymwjg Ae`vb (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, 1988), c„. 136
eyqvBqv myjZvb dLi-D`-†`Šjvi cyÎ gvR`-D`-†`Šjv KwVb †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j, Be‡b wmbv Zv‡K wPwKrmv
K‡i my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡jb| myjZvb Zv‡K cÖPzi A_© w`‡q cyi¯‹…Z K‡ib| Be‡b wmbv eyqvB` kvmK‡`i ivR`iev‡ii
wPwKrmK wbhy³ nb| c~‡e©v³, c„. 143
3. gwdRyjøvn Kwei, gymwjg mf¨Zvi ¯^Y©hyM (XvKv: RvZxq MÖš’ cÖKvk, 2009), c„. 150; P. K Hitti, History of
the Arabs (New York: Macmillan & Co Ltd, 1958), pp. 367-368
4. S. M. Ikram and Percival Spear, Aspects of Muslim Civilization (Lahore: Oxford University
Press, 1961), p. 5
5. Plott JC. Global History of Philosophy:The Period of Scholasticism-Vol 5 (Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass, 1989J), p. 37; wPwKrmvwe` I `vk©wbK Be‡b wmbvi wPšÍv I K‡g© gymwjg wPwKrmvweÁvb
c~Y©ZvcÖvß nq| Z‡e `vk©wb‡Ki cvkvcvwk c`v_©weÁvbx c~Y©ZvcÖvß nq| BD‡ivcxq wPwKrmvweÁv‡b Zuvi cÖfve
Mfxi I my`~icÖmvix|
6. Quoted by Murad Ahmad Khan, Fauzia Raza and Iqbal Akhtar Khan, “Ibn Sina and the Roots
of the Seven Doctrines of Preservation of Health”, Acta Med Hist Adriat 2015, 13(Supl. 2), p.
87-102
7. Daniel Le Clerc (1652-1728) Medical Historian, JAMA. 1968; 206(10):2311. doi:10.
1001/jama. 1968. 03150100061018:https://jamanetwork. com/journals/jama/article-
abstract/342340
8. gwdRyjøvn Kwei, cÖv¸³, c„. 150
9. Kvbyb MÖ‡š’i `vk©wbK cwiKíbv, myweb¨šÍ Av‡jvPbv Ges welqe¯`i wefvRb G MÖš’wU‡K wPwKrmv RM‡Z RbwcÖq
K‡i †Zv‡j Ges AwP‡iB M¨v‡j‡bi MÖ‡š’i cwie‡Z© BD‡iv‡ci ¯‹zjmg~‡n wPwKrmvwe`¨vi †idv‡iÝ cvV¨cy¯ÍK
wn‡m‡e Zv M„nxZ nq| Kvby‡b 760wU Jl‡ai bvg D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| gwdRyjøvn Kwei, c~‡e©v³, c„. 150-151
10. Emtiazy M, Keshavarz M, Khodadoost M, Kamalinejad M, Gooshahgir SA, Shahrad Bajestani
H, et al. Relation between body humors and hypercholesterolemia: An Iranian traditional
medicine perspective based on the teaching of Avicenna. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012, p.
14, 133–138.
11. Hakim Ibn-Sina, Canon of Medicine, eng, trans. of the critical Arabic text, Book-11, (New
Delhi: Jamia Hamdard, 1993) p. 131
RMbœv_ BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae AvU©m 135
12. Ibn Sina, The Canon of Medicine of Avicenna, Book-11 (New York: AMS Press) 1973, p. 173
13. Ibid, P. 177
14. Ibid, PP. 178-180
15. Ibid, PP. 180-181
16. Ibid, P. 184
17. Ibid, P. 185
18. Ibid, P. 185
19. Lippincott, Journal of lab, Clinical Medicine, 1927, p. 679; Ibn Sina, The Canon of Medicine
of Avicenna. Book-11, p. 192
20. Ibid, p. 679; Ibn Sina, The Canon of Medicine of Avicenna, Book-11, p. 192
21. Ibid, p. 187
22. Ibid, p. 187
23. Ibid, p. 188
24. Ibid, p. 190
25. Ibid, p. 191
26. Ibid, pp. 190-192
27. Ibid, p. 192