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Lugha Seti 12
Lugha Seti 12
Lugha Seti 12
MWIGO 1
Nchi yetu imeraukia mawio ya machafuzi ya kisiasa baada ya shughuli za uchaguzi zilizogonga
mwamba mkuu. Hili lilijiri baada ya Tume ya uchaguzi kukosa kuendeleza uchaguzi kwa njia
inayostahili. Jambo hili lilizaa msukosuko wa kisiasa usiomithilishwa katika historia ya taifa
letu.
Hivi sasa wakenya wanaishi kwenye kambi za watu wasio na makazi. Hiki ni kinaya kikuu
kwani matukio haya yamezuka baada ya miongo minne ya uhuru. Vilio vya wakenya
vimeshamiri na kupaasa sauti vikalalamikia kukosa makazi, lishe na ndoa kusambaratika. Ndoa
zimevunjika baada ya’wenyeji’ kuwatimua ‘wageni na damu kumwagika.
Kenya imekuwa miongoni mwa mataifa yanayowapa faraja wakimbzi kutoka nchi jirani
zinazokumbua na vita vya wenyewe. Vita katika Somalia vimesababishwa na koo mbali
zinazopigania uongozi hali ambayo imekwamisha shughuli zote za kiuchumi.
Kwa upande mwingine , viongozi hao kutokana na tamaa ya uongozi walikuwa wamesmua
kushinda uchaguzi huo kwa vyovyote vile. Leo tunavuna matunda ya siasa za ukabila na tamaa
ya mamlaka.
Maelfu ya wakenya ni makimbizi nchini na katika nchi jirani ya Uganda. Wakenya hao
wanahitaji msaada wa chakula na mahitaji mengine ya kimsingi. Serikali na shirika la msalaba
mwekundu zimefanya juhudi kuwasaidia wahasiriwa lakini kuna tetesi kwamba ubaguzi
umejipenyeza katika ugawaji wa msaada huo.
Waliopewa jukumu la kugawa msaada huo ni sharti waelewe kuwa waathiriwa ni wakenya
wenzao na hawafai kubaguliwa kwa misingi ya makabila yao. Matukio kama hayastahili asilani
katika taifa hili.
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Twahitaji zao aali la viongozi wasiojitwika ubabe bali wawe watumishi wa wananchi
wanastahili kutupilia mbali tamaa za kujilimbikiza mali na kung’ang’ania uongozi. Pia katiba
inafaa irekebishwe. Wakenya wanastahili kuelimishwa kuhusu undugu na utaifa. Fauka ya haya
masuala yanayohusiana na hatimiliki za ardhi yanafaa kutandaraukiwa kwa dhati.
a) Taja madhara manne ya ukabila.
(al.4)
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e) Eleza kinaya cha maisha ya wakenya kwa sasa.
(al.2)
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f) Eleza maana ya maneno haya yalivyotumika katika kifungu cha ufahamu.
(al.2)
i. Mawio.
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ii. Tandaraukiwa kwa dhati.
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2. UFUPISHO
Soma makala haya kishaujibu maswali yanayofuata.
Tangu asili –na jadi nasikitika kusema kuwa tumekuwa tukiwakandamiza mabanati wetu na
kuwateka bakunja ilhali wameonyesha kuwa mikono miepesi. Siku mojanilikuwa nikitembea na
babu yangu mkongew tulipoliona tapo lawanawake kwambali. “ Funika kombe mwanaharamu
apite!” akininong’onezea, wanahusudu uwezo tu. “ Kwa uchungu watu wa fikira sikuelewa
yakini alichotazamia lakini hii leo nang’amua. Basi imenibidi kutupilia mbali dhana hiyo
hafidhina kwani asifuye mvua aghalabu imemnyea.
Jina nzuri hung’aa gizani na bila shaka majina ya wanawake watu yameremeta kama nyota.
Kwanza, wamejitolea mhanga katika nyanja za masomo. Si baba ambao wamehitimu kutoka
vyio vikuu vya humu nchini na vile vile vya ughaibuni na kujipa shahada kadha wa kadha.
Wamepata ujuzi wa kutosha katika maswala tatizo kama vile udaktari na uanasheria. Hivi ni
kumaanisha kuwa tuna madkari shupavu, basi tuwape nafasi tusiendelee kuwa nyuma mithili ya
koti katika kipengele hiki muhimu cha maisha. Ni wanawake ndio, lakini mgalla muue na haki
umpe!
Vile vile wanawake wenu wamejitokeza kifua mbele katika hatamu za uongozi. Mfano mwafaka
katika serikali yetu, ambapo mawaziri ni wanawake. Nani asiyewafahamu, Cecily Kariuki,
Racheal Omamo na Amina Mohamed? Wote wanafanya bidii za mchwa kustawi maisha ya
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wananchi. Ingekuwa ida na inadi kama tungewanyima viongozi hawa nafasi hizo na bila shaka
jambo hili lingeathiri sana ujenzi wa taifa kwani ujuzi ndio nguzo ya kila kitu.
Siwezi kuwasahau wanamke wanamuziki. Sote twaelewa kuwa kwa uchumi kama wetu,
kutengemea kazi ya kuajiriwa ni kutaka muhali, chambilicho wahenga mchagua jembe si
mkulima. Nashukuru wanadada wetu kwa kutia bidii katika uwanja wa mziki badla ya kuwa
viruka njia. Kupitia kwa sauti nyororo kama kindanda wameweza kuwavutia hata watalii
kuitembelea nchi yetu na kutuachia pesa za kigeni. Nawahimiza wengi kama iwezekanavyo
wajaribu bahati yao………….jambo hili linajuza sana katika ujenzi wa taifa imara.
Katika kitengo cha spoti, waawake wamejizatiti vilivyo na kutokea wanashati kweli kweli.
Wamezika katika kaburi la sahau kuwa mchezo ni uawala wa wanaume. Kwa mfano katika
michezo ya Olimpiki au jimuiya ya madola timu zetu za wanawake zimefanya vyema na kurudi
nyumbani na nishani chungu nzima.Kwa wale wasiohusika katika michezo ningewasihi
wajikakamue kisabuni basi wasiwaonee kijicho wenzao, kwani nyote ya mwenzio usilalie
mlango wazi. I wapo tutazingatia ufanisi katika michezo, taifa hili halina budi kuendeleza
uchumi wake.
Kwa kukunja jamvi, ningetaka kusisitiza kuwa hata ingawa jitihada haziondoi kudura,
wanawake wetu wamefanya bidii za kutosha na inafaa wapewe nafasi sawa na wanaume katika
ujenzi wa taifa.
Ningewahimiza wanaume wasiwe na kinyongo dhidi ya wamawake bali chanda chema
huvishwa pete. Huu ndio wito wangu na kama tujuavyo kuro hasemi uongo na mbiu ya
mgambo ikilia haikosi ina jambo.
MASWALI
a) Fafanua dhima ya mwanamke kulingana na makala haya. (maneno 70-80)
(al.6)
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Nakala safi
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b) Bila kubadilisha maana fupisha aya ya pili nay a tatu. (maneno 50- 55)
(al.7)
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Nakala safi
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3. MATUMIZI YA LUGHA
a) Andika maneno yanayoafiki maelezo haya:
(al.2)
i. Nazali ya midomoni, kipasuo sighuna cha midomoni, kiyeyusho, irabu ya chini kati.
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ii. Kipua ghuna cha kaakaa laini, irabu ya chini kati, kimadende ghuna cha ufizi, irabu ya
chini kati.
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b) Ainisha mofimu kwa kurejelea majukumu ya kisarufi katika neno hili.
(al.3)
Alijipelekea
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c) Tunga sentensi ya swali ukitumia kiwakilishi nafsi ambata nafsi ya pili wingi.
(al.2)
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d) Kwa kutolea mifano, andika miundo miwili ya ngeli ya LI-YA.
(al.2)
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e) Andika sentensi ifuatayo kwa udogo wingi.
(al.2)
Mtoto mkaidi aliiba kitabu cha mwenzake.
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f) Tunga sentensi ukitumia nomino dhahania katika wakati ujao hali ya kuendelea.
(al.2)
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g) Andika katika usemi halisi mtindo wa kitamthilia.
(al.4)
Khaemba Ouma alitaka kujua ni kwa nini Wandera Otieno alipenda Hisabati, Wandera
Otieno akamweleza alipenda Hisabati kwa kuwa babake alikuwa mwalimu wa somo hilo.
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4. ISIMUJAMII.
(al.10)
Janga tandavu la korona limeathiri maisha ya kila mtu duniani, umepewa nafasi kama
muuguzi kuzungumza na wanafunzi kuhusu suala hii. Andika sifa za lugha utakayotumia
katika hotuba yako.
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MWIGO 2
1. UFAHAMU ( Alama 15)
soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
“Yakobo, eti babu yako ndiye mnyama? Siamini na sitaamini maneno hayo.”
“Uliuomba ukweli.”
“Kwa nini hukuniambia mambo haya zamani, Yakobo? Kwa nini mama yako
hakunifunulia? Kwa nini aliisoma barua hii akaificha?”
“Yote hayo yalifanywa ili uwe na maisha bora. Ulipata wazazi wema waliokulea
na kukutunza. Ulipelekwa shuleni, Chaanasa, mimi sikukanyaga shuleni. Ikiwa
ungeachwa kinyongo, huenda hungekuwa na maendeleo uliyo nayo. Labda ungeingilia
maisha mabaya na kuwa mtu bure kabisa. Zipo siri zinazowekwa ili kuwalinda watu.”
Lakini, Yakobo, inaniuma sana. Miaka yote hii tumetembea pamoja, tumekuwa
tukitembeleana, tumekula meza moja, tumefanya mambo mengi pamoja wala huniambii
mimi ni mjomba wako.”
Naomba msamaha, kwa moyo wangu wote, kwa kukosa kueleza mambo hayo
mapema. Hata hivyo, ni vizuri kuona mambo kwa njia nyingi, si mtazamo mmoja tu.
Tuseme, ningekuambia mambo hayo mapema, je, ungekuwa na furaha zaidi? Huenda
jitihada zako za kumtafuta baba yako zingekutia chuki. Pengine hata ungetamani kulipiza
kisasi kwa dhiki alizokuletea ukafungwa jela au hata kuhukumiwa kifo. Wakati
mwingine, ni salama kutojua. Jambo usilolijua halikunyimi usingizi. Hata hivyo, naomba
radhi kwa kutokuambia. Ukweli wa mambo ni kwamba hata Mzee Johari muungwana,
yaani, babu yangu, au baba yako, hakujua mambo haya yote. Alikufa bila kujua sura au
jina la mtoto wake: Chaanasa.”
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(d) Je, ni kweli kuwa kama si kuweka siri mambo yangemharibikia Chaanasa? Tetea jibu
lako. (Alama 3)
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(g) Eleza maana ya maneno yafuatayo kama yalivyotumika katika kifungu. (Alama2)
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(i) hayatazoleka
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(ii) tunalandana
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Uadilifu unakwenda kinyume na methali, amani haiji ila kwa ncha ya upanga.
Ukweli ni kwamba, tunaweza kusuluhisha tofauti zetu bila kutumia silaha. Matumizi ya
silaha aghalabu huzidisha uhasama na kuchochea haja ya kulipiza kisasi. Njia pekee ya
kutatua migogoro ni kuelewa chanzo cha migogoro yenyewe, wahusika kufanya kikao na
kuizungumzia kwa uwazi na kwa utulivu. Pande zote husika zinafaa kukubali makosa au
madhara yaliyotokana na matendo yao na kuomba msamaha ili kupata maridhiano.
Kuomba msamaha kusidhaniwe kuwa kujishusha hadhi, bali ni unyenyekevu katika
kutatua tofauti kwa manufaa ya muamala wa vizazi vijavyo. Anayeombwa msamaha
naye anapaswa kuwa tayari kutoa shifaa kwa dhati na kusahau kosa alilofanyiwa. Yote
haya yakishindikana, mgogoro wapaswa kupelekwa mahakamani. Haki za kila mmoja
zimelindwa katika katiba yetu na mahakama zipo ili kutetea haki hizi bila kupendelea
upande wowote.
Utiifu wa sheria vilevile ni njia mojawapo ya kukuza maadili ya kijamii. Kwa kuwa
sheria hulinda haki za kila mtu; wake kwa waume, wakubwa kwa wadogo, kila mmoja
ana wajibu wa kuheshimu sheria. Hii ni pamoja na kulinda rasilimali zetu kama jambo la
wajibu bila ya kutegemea kuwepe wadumisha sheria. Uongozi wa kisheria huwapa watu
hakikisho kuwa maisha yao hayatakuwa kama ya mahayawani nyikani bali yatafuata
utaratibu Fulani. Hivyo basi, sheria ni hakikisho la jamii inayolinda haki na kuendesha
mambo yake kwa uwazi, haki na ushwari.
Bila shaka, tukizingatia na kuimarisha maadili, taifa letu litakuwa jamii bora na
kivutio cha kila mtu. Kiu ya Wakenya ya kutaka kuhamia nchi nyingine, hasa zilizostawi,
itapungua. Wote watakuwa na ari ya kuliendeleza taifa lao.
MASWALI
a) Eleza umuhimu wa maadili kwa jamii na taifa kwa ujumla. (maneno 60-70) ( alama
7 , 1 ya utiririko)
Nakala ya matayarisho
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Nakala safi
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b) Fafanua jinsi mizozo inaweza kutatuliwa kwa uadilifu. (Maneno 75-80) (alama 8,
1 ya utiririko)
Nakala ya matayarisho
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Nakala safi
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(ii) wizani
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(iii) miadi
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(iv) mwalishi
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(i) Andika sentensi moja ili kuonyesha maana mbili za neno ila.
(Alama 2)
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(i) hofu
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(ii) somo
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(k) Andika sentensi yenye kishazi tegemezi vumishi cha wakati ujao.
(Alama 2)
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(r) Onyesha tofauti za kimaana za neno zuka na suka katika sentensi moja.
(Alama 2)
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MWIGO 3
1 .UFAHAMU (ALAMA 15)
Yeye hatarajii kuzaliwa, kukua, kuolewa, kuwa mke wa bwana, kumzalia watoto, na daima
dawamu kuwa “mwandani wa jikoni” akawapikia watoto na bwanake chakula; na akitoka
jikoni aelekee shambani kulima, kichakani, kuchanja kuni,, mtoni kufua nguo na kuteka maji ya
kutumia nyumbani. Mwanamke wa kisasa huandamana na mwanamume. Akanyagapo mume
naye papo huutia wayo wake.
Mwanamke wa kisasa hutaka kufanya kazi za kibega, akazifanya. Akitaka kuwa mwalimu,
akawa. Akataka kuwa daktari, akafanikiwa. Almuradi, siku hizi mwanamke hufanya kazi yoyote
ile afanyayo mwanamume. Kuna wanawake marubani wa ndege, masonara, waashi wahandishi,
madereva wa magari, mawakili, mahakimu, mawaziri wakuu na hata marais wananchi. Hakuna
kazi isiyofanywa na mwanamke siku hizi.
Mwanamke wa kisasa hateswi akafyata ulimi. Anapohiniwa yeye hupigania haki kwa
dhati na hamasa. Katu hakubali’mahali pake’ katika jamii alipotengwa na wanaume wenye
mawazo ya kihaidhina yaliyopitwa na wakati.
Siku hizi mwanamke huolewa tu wakati amepata kazi ya kumwezesha kujikimu maishani
au pale anapokuwa na hakika kwamba biashara yake, iwapo ni mfanyi biashara, imepiga hatua
ya kutomrudisha ukutani.
Mwanamke wa kisasa haamuliwi katika jambo lolote, bali hufanya maamuzi yake
mwenyewe. Kwa upande mwingine, mwanaume wa ‘kisasa’, ambaye bado amefungwa pingu na
taasubi za kiume, hapendezwi na mwanamke huyu. Huuma kidole akatamani yale ya akale,
lakini wapi! Analazimika kukubali mwanamke huyu kama mshirika sawa maishani, na kuishi
naye, apende asipende. Shingo upande analazimika kukubali kwamba mabadiliko haya sio
mithili ya kiwingu kipitacho, bali ni ya aushi.
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MASWALI
a)Msemo ‘mwendani wa vijungu jiko’ unadhihirisha hali gani ya mwanamke katika jamii?
(al.2)
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2. MUHTASARI / UFUPISHO
Imesemekana na kurudiwa tena na tena kwamba, iwapo tuna maono ya kujiondoa katika
umaskini wa kupindukia, ni lazima tukipe kilimo umuhimu. Zaidi ya Wakenya milioni kumi
wamo katika hatari ya kufa katika maeneo mbali mbali kwa sasa kufuatia uhaba wa chakula
nchini.
Kiini kikubwa cha njaa hiyo ni mapuuza ya muda mrefu katika sekta ya
kilimo.Imesahaulika kuwa karibu asilimia sabini na tano ya Wakenya wanategemea kilimo kwa
chakula na mapato ya kifedha kila siku. Kilimo hutoa karibu robo tatu ya nafasi za kazi kwa
wananchi na pia kuletea serikali karibu robo ya mapato yake kutokana na mauzo ya mazao
katika mataifa ya nje.
Imebainika kuwa, katika mataifa mengi yanayostawi, asilimia sabini na tano ya wananchi
huishi katika maeneo ya mashambani na idadi hii hutegemea kilimo kujimudu kimaisha ilhali
hapa Kenya ni asilimia nne pekee ya bajeti inayowekezwa katika kilimo.Kwa wakati huo, ushuru
unaotozwa bidhaa za kilimo katika maeneo haya umebainika kuwa mkubwa. Hii imepelekea
uwekezaji katika kilimo kupungua na hivyo kuchangia kukithiri kwa baa la njaa.
Serikali itafikia lengo hili iwapo itaanza kufadhili kilimo, kupunguza gharama za pembejeo
za kilimo, kuweka sera zinazodhibiti uuzaji na ununuzi wa vyakula hasa baina ya mataifa na
kuongeza sehemu ya bajeti inayotengewa kilimo. Bila hilo hatutakuwa na linguine bali
kukimbilia mataifa yalistawi kuomba misaada ili kuwanusuru raia wetu kutokana na ghadhabu
na njaa.
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Matayarisho
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(b)Bila kubadili maana,fupisha aya mbili za mwisho. (maneno 55 – 60) (al.6, 1 ½ utiririko)
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Nakala safi
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alani? (al.2)
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Maziwa
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)Tunga sentensi mojamoja ukitumia vitenzi vifuatavyo katika kauli ulizopewa mabanoni. (al.2)
Paka (tendata)
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Choma (tendua)
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“Naona ‘Horse Power’ mwenyewe ndiye atakayepiga,….. atakayecheza foul hiyo. Wachezaji wa
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MWIGO 4
UFAHAMU ( ALAMA 15)
Visa vya ubadhirifu wa pesa zilizotengewa miradi mbalimbali vimeripotiwa katika maeneo
tofauti tofauti nchini. Aghalabu, jambo hili hutendwa na wasimamizi wa hazina ya maendeleo.
Mathalani, inasikitisha kuwa baadhi ya watumishi wa umma hutumia fedha za maendeleo katika
safari humu nchini na hata ughaibuni zisizo na manufaa kwa taifa. Wao hukosa uaminifu na
huongozwa na tamaa na ubinafsi uliopita mipaka. Watu hawa hupuuza ukweli kuwa tamaa huja
kabla ya mauti. Jambo hili huifanya miradi lengwa kunyimwa pesa zinazohitajika.
Kutokana na ufisadi, kumekuwa na miradi ya kiwango cha chini. Hii ni kutokana na kununuliwa
kwa malighafi ghushi ya kutumiwa viwandani au hata katika ujenzi wa miundombinu. Ukweli
ni kuwa miradi inayotekelezwa hudumu katika hali nzuri kwa mwia mfupi tu. Hatimaye
ukarabati wa miradi iliyofanywa huanza ; hali inayosababisha matumizi mabaya zaidi ya pesa za
umma.
Aidha, kudinda kwa wafadhili wa miradi mbalimbali kuipa nchi pesa kuanzisha na kuendeleza
miradi fulani hutokana na ufisadi. Wahisani hawa huhofia matumizi mabaya ya ghawazi.
Matokeo yake huwa kutotekelezwa kwa miradi mikubwa ambayo huweza kuwa kitega-uchumi
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kwa watu wengi nchini. Kwingineko miradi mingi hukosa pesa za kutosha na kuifanya
kutokamilika ipasavyo.
Ni wazi kabisa kuwa kiasi kikubwa cha miradi dhaifu hutokana na chauchau. Serikali pamoja na
wananchi wana jukumu kubwa la kuliangamiza janga hili.
Maswali
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(b) Taja na ueleze mbinu nne za kimtindo ambazo zimetumika katika kifungu
(alama 4)
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(c) Eleza jinsi washikadau mbalimbali wanavyoonyesha uwajibikaji kwa mujibu wa kifungu
hiki. ( alama4)
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(g) Eleza maana ya vifungu vifuatavyo kulingana na muktadha wa matumizi yake kifunguni.
((alama 2)
(i)
ghawazi……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. UFUPISHO
(Alama 15)
Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
Kiswahili tunasema ni lugha yetu kwa sababu ndiyo lugha ya Kiafrika inayoongewa katika nchi
nyingi Barani Afrika. Ni lugha yetu kwa sababu ni lugha asilia mojawapo za Afrika. Siyo lugha
iliyoletwa na watu wa nchi za nje kama vile Kiingereza, Kifaransa na Kireno. Uzuri wa
Kiswahili sasa ni kuwa kimeenea kote Afrika Mashariki na Kati.
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Wenyeji asilia waliokuwa wakiongea lugha hii tangu awali ni Waswahili. Waswahili hawa hata
leo wako na wanaendelea kuitumia lugha hii kama lugha yao ya mama, kama vile Wakikuyu
watumiavyo Kikikuyu, Wakamba, Kikamba na Wadigo lugha ya Kidigo. Makao yao Waswahili
tangu jadi yanapatikana kaunti za Pwani. Makao yao yameanzia upande wa Kaskazini Mashariki
mwa Kenya , na wanapakana na nchi ya Somalia huko. Wameenea katika upwa huo wa Pwani,
ikiwemo Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa, Pemba, Unguja, Visiwa vya Ngazija na kuendelea.
Lugha ya Kiswahili ina lahaja nyingi kulingana na sehemu wanamoishi. Kwa mfano, Waswahili
wa Lamu huongea lahaja ya Kiswahili inayoitwa Kiamu. Waswahili wa Mombasa huongea
lahaja ya Kimvita. Pemba wanaongea Kipemba, Ngazija lahaja ya Kingazija, Unguja lahaja ya
Kiunguja na kadhalika. Kutokana na lahaja hizi na nyinginezo za Kiswahili ambazo hazikutajwa
hapo, wataalamu wa lugha walitokea na Kiswahili sanifu. Hiki Kiswahili sanifu ndicho
kitumiwacho katika mafunzo ya shule, uandishi wa vitabu na mawasiliano ya kiserikali na
kibiashara.
Nchini Kenya, kwa muda mrefu Kiswahili hakikuthaminiwa kama Lugha ya Kiingereza. Sababu
mojawapo ni kuwa Kiswahili hakikufanywa somo la lazima katika rasimu za shule, wala
kutahiniwa katika shule za msingi. Hata katika shule za upili, katika kufunzwa na kutahiniwa
hakikupewa umuhimu wowote. Kwa ajili hii wanafunzi wengi waliacha kujifunza Kiswahili
kama somo. Hali hiyo ilifanya Kiswahili kuonekana kama lugha inayoongewa na wale watu
wasio na kisomo ama elimu nyingi. Kwa ajili ya fikira hizi, watu wengi wamekuwa
wakikichukia, kukidunisha na kujaribu kuongea Kiingereza kila nafasi inapojitokeza.
Miaka michache iliyopita, Kiswahili kilianza kutiliwa mkazo katika shughuli zote nchini Kenya.
Kwa upande wa msimamo wa nchi lugha hii ilionekana yenye manufaa katika kuleta umoja na
kuwaunganisha wananchi wote. Jambo hili ni muhimu kwa maendeleo ya nchi iwayo yote.
Umoja huleta maelewano na undugu. Hali hizi mbili zinapokuwapo, amani husambaa nchini
mote.
Tukitazama mfumo wa elimu wa 8-4-4, Kiswahili kimepewa nafasi sawa katika ratiba za shule
kama lugha ya Kiingereza. Kiswahili kinatahiniwa kama somo muhimu kuanzia shule ya msingi
hadi shule ya upili. Kinyume na enzi za zamani, siku hizi mwanafunzi anayesoma Kiswahili,
hata asipofaulu vizuri katika lugha ya Kingereza ana nafasi sawa ya kupata kazi kama wengine.
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Maswali
a) Fupisha aya tatu za mwanzo kwa maneno 80. (alama 6,
utiririko 1)
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Irabu ya juu, nyuma + nazali ya ufizi, ghuna + kipasuo cha ufizi, ghuna + irabu ya chini, kati
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juu tandazwa + kipua cha midomoni +irabu ya chini
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mchwa
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(c) Tia shadda katika meneno yafuatayo kuonyesha dhana katika mabano:
( alama 2)
i) Ala ( kifaa)
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(n) Tunga sentensi ukitumia kishazi tegemezi chenye dhana ya kielezi cha mahali.
(alama 2)
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(o) Kanusha
(alama 2)
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Aliowapa
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ii) _______________ ni kwa kukubaliana na jambo , simile ni kutaka kitu kinusurike na hongera
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4. ISIMU JAMII
Maafisa watatu wa polisi jana walikana mashtaka ya kumsaidia mshukiwa wa mauaji ya watoto
13 kutoroka kutoka kituo cha polisi…”
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MWIGO 5
1. UFAHAMU (Alama 15).
Binadamu heshi kuwa na falsafa zinazojiri akilini mwake. Amejichanjia kijisayari chake na kufikirika
mfano wa Mirihi katika falaki yake ya maisha. Ni sayari ndogo ambayo imejitenga na sayari nyingine
kama vile kausi.
Mirihi kuna viumbe mauluti vyenye mitindo ya kustaajabisha. Tofauti na Kausi ambayo mabinti
huwa na urembo wa kiasilia, wanamirihi ni "warembo" mithili ya walioanguliwa ja vifaranga. Viganja
vyao na nyuso zao huwa zimekandwa kwa mafuta ya zebaki zikawa nyororo japo wengi huwa mithili ya
suriama. Wasalaminiapo na wanakausi mikwaruzo yao huwachipua ngozi kwa kazi ya sulubu waifanyayo
shambani. Fauka ya uchotara huo, wamefungasha kiasi huku wamejisetiri kwa vijisuruali na vijisketi
ambavyo vimewabana kana kwamba vimeundwa kwa vitambaa vya mikononi na kutafuta misaada kutoka
kwa majirani kuvivua na kuvivaa.
Wanakausi waliovalia nguo zinazowafika kwenye visigino, huchushwa mno na hivi vijiguo
vinavyowasetiri hadi kwenye sisemi vilengesambwa, ukipenda magotini, bali kwenye mapaja. Ni
kweli kwamba waso haya wana mji wao. Wanapondatia hasa kwenye hafla za maziko au arusi
katika sayari ya Kausi Wanakausi hujibana pembeni kujionea malimwengu ulimwenguni.
Minong'onezo ndio itajaa hewani "ni yakini Pemba ndiko kwenye nguo na wenda uchi wapo".
Katika hafla hizo, wale mabinti wazuri wa Mirihi hubeba vibogoshi ambamo mara kwa mara
hutoa vidubwasha vidogo vidogo na kuendelea kujipodoa huku shughuli zinapoendelea. Pengine
huenda umesahau kuwa katika mipango na makadirio ya matumizi ya hafla hiyo marejeleo
yanayokaririwa huwa "......... wajua watu wa Mirihi hawapendi......"
Mabinti wazuri wa Mirihi kila mmoja huwa amejibebea mwavuli na kujizuia mvua au jua
huku amekumbatia maji ya chupa ya kutoka kwenye sayari ya Mirihi.
Wanakausi walalahoi huwa wakikata kiu yao rahisi kutoka kwenye mapipa yaliyojazwa maji
au kwenye mifereji waliyobahatika kuwekewa na wizara ya maji, kwa kutumia viganja vya
mikono. Mabwana wa Mirihi hawana haja na miavuli, wao huwa watu wenye zao. Huvalia kofia
nene zinazoonekana kama somberero. Watembeapo huning'iniza funguo za magari ya kifahari
katika mkono wa kushoto na simu ya rununu katika mkono wa kulia.
Hapa na pale watakuwa wakiwasiliana kwa simu zao na pia kupiga gumzo na maghulumu wa
Kausi ambao kwa kawaida watakuwa wakiwarai Wanamihiri, "Utaniacha hivyo"
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Baada ya hafla, mlo ambao huwa Wanamirihi hupakuliwa huku Mabwanamirihi wakidakia
wasichelewe, mabintimirihi wakinyofoa kwa mikono au kung'ofoa kwa midomo yao myekundu
na Wanakausi wakichungulia kwa mbali wakisubiri nafasi yao itimie.
Ghafla mawingu yataanza kutanda upande wa mashariki na mambo sasa yatachukua mkondo
mpya. Wanamirihi mchakamchaka huengaenga, mbio kwenye magari yao. Lakini kuna wale
ambao hawana magari ya kukimbilia. Kawaida yao huwaita Wanamirihi wenzao faraghani "Baba
fulani umejaza?".
Wengine ubaki kusema, "Uenda basi letu likaniacha, tutaonana nikija wikendi."
Hali iwapo mwanana, Wanakausi wakakuwa sasa ndio wakati wa kujitambulisha na wengine
kuyajaza magari ya Wanamirihi ya kifahari, kwa maembe, avocado, ndizi na makochokocho ya
vitu vya shambani. Baada ya miezi kadha,Wanakausi wachache watawazuru Wanamirihi kuwapa
shukurani katika kijisayari chao cha Mirihi.
Lakini wengine ni wale ambao pindi tu utakapowasalimia watakukwa na "zamu ya usiku siku
hiyo." Wanaovalia somberero watamlaki mwanakausi kwa mlahaka wa kifalme ili akastaajabie
vitu kama Majirafu, mazulia, makochi, taja nitaje.
Yule wa awali atalala usiku huo usingizi mnono usio wa bugudha na kwenye kochi huku
akihimiria kurauka mapema asikutwe na waliolala nyuma ya pazia. Hisia za Mwanakausi
zitamrudisha katika tamthilia ya WoleSoyinka "Masaibu ya ndugu Jero kuwa "vidole vyote
havikuumwa sawa." Mirihi ni sayari iliyo sheheni watu na viatu, kumbe Kausi ni shamba la
paukwa pakawa la Edeni. Tafakari haya.
Maswali.
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d) Ni dhahiri kuwa Mirihi ni Sayari yenye watu na viatu. Nini maana ya viatu. Je, kuna viatu hapa?
Thibitisha.
(alama 3).
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i. Jirafu
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UFUPISHO.
Mitihani imetumiwa siku nyingi kama kigezo cha kupima werevu wa mwanafunzi katika
kutekeleza majukumu ya kiakili yenye kuhitaji stadi mbalimbali. Hii ni njia ya kuaminika na ni
rahisi ambayo imetumiwa miaka mingi na watahini kukadiria uwezo wa mtu. Lakini wale
wanaopinga mitihani wanasema kuwa mitihani haipimi kwa njia inayoaminika uwezo wa kiakili
wa mwanafunzi, badala yake, mitihani inakadiri tu uwezo wa mwanafunzi wa kukadiria mambo
kama kasuku kwa muda mfupi uliojaa vitisho na shinikizo.
Wasioithamini mitihani pia wanadai kuwa mitihani humpa mtahiniwa wasiwasi mwingi. Hii
ni kwa sababu hadhi na umuhimu wa mitihani imekuzwa sana miongoni mwa watahiniwa na
jamii zima kwa jumla. Mitihani ndio kigezo pekee kinachokadiria kufaulu au kutofaulu Kwa
mwanafunzi. Mustakabali wa mwanafunzi kuamuliwa na mtihani. Watahini hawajali Sana
masuala mengine ambayo yanaweza kuhathiri jinsi mwanafunzi anavyoweza kuufanya mtihani.
Kwa mfano, mtahiniwa anaweza, kuwa mgonjwa, au pengine hakulala vizuri siku iliyotangulia
mtihani. Haya yote ni masuala yanayoweza kumfanya mtahiniwa kutofanya vizuri katika
mtihani.
Elimu nzuri humfundisha mwanafunzi kutumia akili. Lakini mfumo wa elimu unaopendelea
mitihani haufanyi hivyo. Mfumo wa aina hiyo husisitiza kufundisha yale yale yanayopatikana
katika mwongozo uliotolewa tu. Mwanafunzi hapewi motisha ili kusoma kwa mapana na marefu
ili kupanua akili yake. Badala yake mwanafunzi hufungiwa kwenye uwanja finyu ambamo
haruhusiwi kutoka. Mwalimu naye kadhalika hana uhuru wa kumfundisha mwanafunzi kile
anachofikiria kuwa muhimu katika maisha. Badala yake jukumu kubwa analoachiwa mwalimu
huwa ni kumpa mwanafunzi mbinu za kukujibu maswali na kupita mtihani.
Ingawa wanaoitetea mitihani hudai kuwa matokeo ya mitihani ni ya kuaminika kwa sababu
husahihishwa na watu wasiowajua watahiniwa, lakini ni vizuri pia kukumbuka kuwa watahini ni
binadamu tu. Binadamu huchoka, huhisi njaa na zaidi ya yote anaweza kufanya makosa. Licha ya
hayo yote, watahini hutakiwa kusahihisha rundo kubwa la karatasi, kwa muda mfupi. Mjadala
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uliopo kati ya wanaopendelea mitihani na wale wasiopendelea watukumbusha kuwa kuna haja
kubwa ya kuendelea kuboresha mfumo wa mitihani ili uweze kukadiria kwa yakini uwezo wa
kiakili wa mtahiniwa.
Maswali.
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Jibu.
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Jibu.
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3. MATUMIZI YA LUGHA.
(Alama40)
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Waliofiana.
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i. Jaribu
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ii. Jua
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i) Kaketi chini
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4. (ISIMUJAMII)
(alama 10)
a) Katika jamii huwa wakati mwingine kuna matumizi ya lugha isiyo ya kistaarabu. Taja mifano
mitano ya lugha sampuli hiyo
(alama 5)
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b) Taja mambo matano yanayoathiri jinsi tunavyoweza kutumia lugha katika jamii.
(alama 5)
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MWIGO 6
SEHEMU A.(Alama 15)
Vyanzo vya umaskini huu ni anuwai mathalan, ufisadi uongozi mbaya, turathi za kikoloni,
uchumi kuegemezwa kwenye kilimo kinachotegemea mvua isiyotabirika, idadi ya watu
inayoupiku uwezo wa uchumi wa taifa linalohusika na ukosefu wa nyenzo na mali za
kuwakwamua raia kutoka lindi la umaskini, ukosefu wa elimu na nafasi adimu za ajira
huchangia pia katika tatizo hili.
Jamii ya ulimwengu inapaswa kuelea kuwa umaskini unaothiri nchi fulani una athari pana sana.
Uvunjifu unaotokana na umaskini unaweza kuwa mboji ambako matendo mabaya huchipuka.
Raia maskini huweza kushawishiwa haraka kujitosa kwenye matendo ya kihalifo ili kujinasua
kutoka dhiki ile. Hii inaweza kuwa mbegu ya kuatika maovu kama ugaidi na uhalifu wa kila
aina.
Mataifa ya magharibi yanapaswa kuyaburia madeni ya mataifa yanayoendelea kama kama njia
mojawapo ya kupambana na umaskini. Asilimia kubwa ya pato la kitaifa katika mataifa mengi
hutumika kuyalipa madeni hayo. Katika hali hii inakuwa muhali kwa mataifa hayo kujikwamua
kutokana na pingu za umaskini. Njia nyingine ni kustahabu kutoa ruzuku za kimaendeleo badala
ya mikopo kwa nchi zinazoendelea.
Kwa upande wake, mataifa yanayoendelea yanapaswa kuibuka na mikakati bora ya kupambana
na umaskini. Ni muhimu pawepo na sera zinazotambua ukweli kuwa asilimia kubwa ya raia wa
mataifa hayo ni maskini. Pana dharura ya kuzalisha nafasi za ajira, kupanua viwanda hususan
vinavyohusiana na zaraa ambayo ni tagemeo kuu la mataifa mengi, kuendeleza elimu na
kuimarisha miundo msingi. Ipo haja pia ya mataifa haya kuhakikisha kuwa mfumo wa soko
huru unaotawala ulimwengu sasa hauishii kuwa chanzo cha kufa kwa viwanda asilia na
kuendeleza umaskini zaidi. Kwa ufupi ,maamuzi yote ya sera za kiuchumi lazima yauzingatie
uhalisia wa maisha ya raia wa mataifa hayo.
Maswali:
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Kadiri jamii mbalimbali zinavyotagusana, ndivyo lugha zinazozungumzwa na jamii hizi nazo
zinavyoingiliana na kuathiriana . Mojawapo ya athari hizi ni ukopaji wa msamiati kutoka kwa
lugha jirani na kuutumia kuelezea dhana mpya zinazoingia katika utamaduni wao kupitia kwa
mitagusano ya kijamii.
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Lugha ya Kiingereza kwa mfano, imekopa kutoka lugha nyingine kama vile Kifaransa na
Kilatini. Mathalani, istilahi nyingi za kisheria zimekopwa kutoka lugha ya kifaransa.
Aidha,Kiingereza kimekopa kutoka lugha ya Kiswahili. Maneno ya Kiswahili kama vile
mwalimu, jiko, mandazi, panga , buibui, ngoma na hata wananchi, sasa yameingia katika kamusi
za Kiingereza, kumaanisha kuwa yamekubaliwa kama msamiati rasmi wa lugha ya Kiingereza.
Pamoja na ukopaji wa vipengele vya lugha, mtagusano wa lugha una athari nyingine. Lugha
zinapokuja pamoja, mazingira ya wingi-lugha hazuka. Baadhi ya watu hujifunza zaidi ya lugha
moja. Mtu anayeweza kuzungumza zaidi ya lugha moja anaweza kujieleza kwa urahisi kwa
kuchanganya msamiati wa lugha tofauti. Aidha, anaweza kubadilisha msimbo kulingaa na
matilaba yake. Ikiwa anataka kukubalika na jamii-lugha anayotagusana nayo,anatumia lugha ya
jamii hiyo ili kujinasibisha nayo. Wazungumzaji hupata visawe vya maneno kuelezea dhana zile
zile, hivyo kuboresha mitindio yao ya mawasiliano
Kadhalika, kutagusana kwa lugha kunaweza kusababisha kubuniwa kwa lugha ngeni ambayo
inarahisisha mawasiliano. Wakati mwingine, watu wanaozungumza lugha tofauti wanapokutana,
hubuni mfumo sahili wa lugha ili kufanikisha mawasiliano. Pijini ni mfano wa lugha iliyobuniwa
kwa njia hii. Pijini huchota msamiati kutoka lugha zilizotagusana. Sheng ni mfano mwingine wa
lugha ambayo ilibuniwa kutokana na kutagusana kwa lugha ya Kiswahili, lugha za kiasili na
kiingereza.
Japokuwa kuna faida nyingi za wingi-lugha, hasara pia zipo. Mazingira ya wingi-lugha huwapa
wazungumzaji fursa ya kuchagua lugha wanayotaka kuwasiliana kwayo. Katika hali hii, lugha
yenye ushawishi mkubwa kijamii, kiuchumi na kisiasa ndiyo inayopendelewa zaidi. Wingi-lugha
unaweza kusababisha kukweza kwa lugha moja na kudunishwa kwa lugha nyingine, mathalini.
Kuwepo kwa lugha nyingi nchini kulizua haja ya kukwezwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili huku lugha
nyingine za kiasili zikipuuzwa.
Lugha hukua kwa kutumiwa. Lugha isipozungumziwa kwa muda mrefu, watu hupoteza umilisi
ambao huifanya kuwa vigumu kuirithisha kwa vizazi. Lugha inaweza pia kukosa wazungumzaji
ikiwa wale wanaozungumza ni wachache au ikaathiriwa na mtagusano na lugha nyingine iliyo na
wachache au ikaathirisha na mtagusano na lugha nyingine iliyo na wazungumzaji wengi. Katika
hali kama hii, lugha hiyo hukubaliwa na tisho la kudidimia au hata kufa. Ikiwa jamii itakosa
kudhibiti sera za matumizi ya lugha yake, baadhi ya lugha zitafifia au zitakufa na kusahaulika
kabisa.
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MATAYARISHO
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b) .Kwa mujibu wa taarifa hii,mtagusano wa lugha una athari gani?(maneno 30) alama
7,1mtiririko)
MATAYARISHO
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c) Tumia kivumishi kionyeshi cha karibu pamoja na nomino katika ngeli ya I-ZI, Kisha
utunge sentensi katika ukubwa –wingi. (alama 2).
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d) Yakinisha sentesi ifuatayo katika wakati ujao hali timilifu wingi. (alama 1)
Msomi hakutuzwa siku hiyo
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f) Ainisha viambishi kwa kurejelea majukumu ya kisarufi katika neno hili (alama 3)
Alijipelekea
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v) Eleza matumizi ya kiambishi ‘ki’katika sentensi hii. (alama2)
Njia hii haipitiki
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ISIMUJAMII(ALAMA 10).
a)Kwa kutumia hoja sita zilizofafanuliwa vyema, jadili tofauti zipatikanazo kati ya sajili
ya maabadini na ile ya mahirimu. (alama 6)
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b)Sajili za lugha huwa na umuhimu anuwai.Thibitisha ukweli wa kauli hii kwa kutumia
hoja nne.(alama 4)
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MWIGO 7
1. UFAHAMU (ALAMA 15)
Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha jibu maswali yafuatayo.
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Licha ya dhiki yao kubwa, wanawake hawa wanachangia katika maendeleo ya kijamii
na kiuchumi kwa njia mbali mbali. Mchango huu unaonekana katika kiwango cha
jamii, taifa na familia. Katika kiwango cha kijamii na kitaifa wanawake ndio chanzo
cha nguvukazi kwani ni wao na watoto wao wanaotekeleza kazi nyingi hasa za
nyumbani na mashambani. Mara nyingi huwa na uwezo bora wa kutunza chochote
walicho nacho kuliko wenzao wanaume.
Maswali
a) Ipe taarifa hii anwani mwafaka. (alama 1)
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d) Wanawake hutekeleza majukumu gani katika jamii na taifa kutokana na makala haya?
(alama 3)
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(i) uchochole
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(ii) kudhalilisha
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(iii) mitafuruku
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Maswali
(a) Bila kupoteza maana, fupisha aya ya kwanza na ya pili kwa maneno (40).
(alama 8, 1 ya utiririko)
Matayarisho
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Jibu
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(b) Fupisha mambo muhimu ambayo mwandishi amezingatia katika aya tatu za mwisho.
(maneno 30)
Matayarisho alama 7, 1 ya utiririko
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Jibu
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(m) Tumia kitenzi ‘wa’ kutunga sentensi katika kauli ya kutendwa. (alama1)
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MWIGO 8
Kukaribiana nacho, nikaweza kukiona vizuri zaidi. Kilikuwa kirefu, lakini kilichokonda
na kukondeana mithili ya kiuno cha nyigu. Shati kiliyovaa ilionekana kama kwamba
imetundikwa tu kijitini. Kukikazia macho, nilitambua. Maskini! Mwili wake ulidhoofika
na kuwa kitu kama vile mfuko tu wa mifupa.Kufumba na kufumbua, kilianguka bwup!
Chini. Nikajikuta nakitikisa kichwa.
“Vipi Mlachake bwana we?” Nikamtupia, huku nikijaribu kumsaidia ainuke.
”Vi-vi-vipi ni-nini?” Akanirudia.
“Umerudia he?”
“ La-lakini kwa pe-pesa zangu, si-si-siyo kwa-kwa-kwa kudoea.”
“Daktari alikushauri vipi?
“A-ach-ch-chana naye yeye hu-huyo. Ati nina-naji-jipunguzia maisha.Kwa ni-ni-nani ha-
hata-ta-kufa?”
Kuzidi kumyanyua ili nimwinue kutoka chini, akatitazama kwa macho yake malegevu na
kuniuliza, “Ha-hata wewe pia una-na-nataka kuniibia?”
“Nani amekuibia?” Nikamwuliza kwa mshangao. Kimya. Aliweza kuinuka na kubaki
akiyumbayumba mfano wa mcheza rumba. Kisha yakamtoka matusi mfululizo.
“Mlachake!” Ikanitoka sauti ya mshangao baada ya kushuhudia yale niliyoyatia machoni.
Kwa mara nyingine tena, nilijikuta natikisa kichwa. Papo hapo, akili ikanipa kuwa
nimsaidie kwa kumfikisha nyumbani kwake.
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Kufika mlangoni tu, alipaaza sauti akisema, “Fungua!” Ilhali mlango ulikuwa
umekomewa kutoka nje. Kisha dwa!Akaupiga teke, halafu “Huuwi!” akapiga nduru huku
akishika mguu na kutandwa na wingu jeusi usoni. “Nita-ta-charaza mtu le-le leo mimi,”
akatisha. Akichutama na kubwagizika chini mfano wa gunia tupu. Nikatikisa kichwa na
kujiendea zangu.
Maswali
a) Taja sababu mbili za Mlachake kuonekana akiyumbayumba.
(Al 2)
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b) Mbali na kumletea mtu aibu kama vile ya kujitapikia ovyo, taja athari au hasara nyingine
tatu za ulevi kwa mlevi
(Al 3)
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c) Mwandishi anasema, “Kwa mara nyingine tena huyoo, akasalimu amri.” Anamaanisha
nini hasa kwa kusema “akasalimu amri?”
(Al 1)
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d) Ni aina gani mbili za ushihidi zinazotudokezea kuwa Mlachake hakuishi pekee nyumbani
kwake?
(Al 2)
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kama ilivyo mataifa mengine ulimwenguni imehimiza raia wake kupata chanjo dhidi ya
tandavu hili. Hata hivyo, hatua ya serikali kutumia vitisho ili kuwashinikiza watumishi
wa umma kupata chanjo ya korona haifai kwani huenda ikatatiza mpango wa kuchanja
watu milioni kumi mwaka huu. Licha ya serikali kujaribu kuwalazimisha watumishi wa
umma bado chanjo haijakubalika na wengi nchini. Kutokubaliwa kwa chanjo hii
kumesababishwa na ukosefu wa elimu ya kutosha kuihusu. Watu wengi wanahofia kuwa
huenda waliochanjwa wakapata madhara baadaye.
Mamilioni ya watu wameathiriwa kwa njia moja au nyingine na ugonjwa huu. Kenya
imeshuhudia hoteli nyingi za kifahari kufungwa. Hii imetokana na usafiri wa ndege
kusitishwa kote duniani. Kutokana na hali hiyo, hoteli zilizotegemea wateja watalii
zilisimamisha shughuli zake kwa muda. Kwa mfano, ya Intercontinental ilifunga milango
yake kabisa mwaka wa 2020. Jambo hili liliwafanya watu wengi kupoteza ajira.
Aidha, shule zililazimika kufungwa mnamo Machi 2020. Wanafunzi walikaa nyumbani
hadi Januari 2021. Hii iliharibu kalenda ya masomo nchini. Serikali ilijaribu kuwasihi
walimu kufunza mtandaoni lakini hii haikufaulu hata. Wanafunzi wa kike kadhaa
waliishia kupata ujauzito hivyo basi kukatiza masomo yao. Ibada zote pia zilisitishwa.
Nao waumini hawakusazwa. Baada ya serikali kufunga makanisa, misikiti na vyumba
vingine vya ibada, waumini wengi walilazimika kufuatilia ibada zao katika runinga au
mtandaoni. Waliokosa mitandao waliomba na jamaa zao na wengine kupuuza ibada hizo
kwa muda.
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ulimwengu wetu. Msamiati wa lugha ukaongezeka. Hii ilitokana na haja ya kuwepo kwa
istilahi au misamiati ya kufafanua hali mpya iliyoibuliwa na tandavu hili. Vilevile
Kutokana na watu kulazimika kufanya kazi nyumbani, ujuzi wa matumizi ya mtandao
umeimarika. Kwa mfano, ufundishaji mtandaoni umefaidi vyuo vingi vinavyofundisha
masomo ya mbali.
Wanabiashara wengine wakaanza kuuza barakoa. Barakoa ilikuwa kitu kigeni huku
kwetu na duniani kwa jumla. Wengi walipata faida kubwa sana kwa kuwa soko la
barakoa lilikuwa pana. Hata hivyo, barakoa zinazotumika na wananchi wengi
hazijathibitishwa kuwa bora kuzuia korona. Hali hiyo inawafanya watumiaji wake kuwa
na usalama wa bandia kwani wanaweza kuambukizwa ugonjwa wa korona kwa urahisi
licha ya kuwa wamevalia barakoa hizo.
Kadhalika, viyeyushi vikaanza kutumika kwa wingi humu nchini na duniani kote.
Wachuuzi wengi waliingia biashara hii na kufaidika kiasi. Wengi hawakujua viyeyushi ni
nini kabla ya wakati huo. Hivi sasa hata watoto wadogo wanajua viyeyushi na kutumia
kwa njia mwafaka.
Korona imefanikisha juhudi za maafisa wa afya kuhimiza usafi kila mara. Hii ni kwa
sababu watu wanalazimika kunawa mikono yao kila mara. Usafi huu wa mikono
unapunguza visa vya magonjwa kama vile kipindupindu katika jamii. Aidha, gharama za
sherehe zimepungua mno kutokana na sheria za kudhibiti idadi ya watu wanaohudhuria
sherehe za mazishi au matanga. Hali hii ni nafuu kwa wale wachochole ambao wakati
mwingine hulazimika kuuza kidogo walicho nacho ili kugharamia sherehe za matanga au
arusi.
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Maswali
a) Kwa kuzingatia aya tano za kwanza, eleza shida zilizoletwa na korona. (Maneno 100)
(Al 9)
Matayarisho
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l) Amrisha katika nafsi ya pili wingi: La........................................................ (Al 2)
m) Yakinisha katika umoja: Msingalisoma nyakati zile msingalipata zawadi
kemkem. (Al 1)
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n) Tambua kauli iliyotumika: Ametwikwa jukumu la kuwalea yatima wale.
(Al 1)
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o) Bainisha yambwa na chagizo katika sentensi inayofuata.
(Al 2)
Vibarua wamefanya kazi hiyo haraka ipasavyo.
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p) Akifisha:
(Al 2)
i) Hako katoto kalipoletwa kila mtu alikahurumia
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ii) Jama ni kweli umemkosea mzazi wako heshima?
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q) Andika katika usemi wa taarifa.
(Al 3)
“Ninataka kuanza kupendekeza majina ya watakaosafiri sasa”, Afisa alisema.
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r) Vishazi tegemezi vina uamilifu gani? Taja kwa hoja mbili na utungie sentensi. (Al
2)
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s) Andika kisawe cha: enda arijojo
(Al 1)
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t) Andika kinyume: Ajitahidiye husifiwa kwa bidii yake na hupandishwa madaraka.
(Al 2)
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4. ISIMUJAMII (ALAMA 10)
a) Eleza majukumu matano ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya kitaifa
(Al 5)
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b) Eleza changamoto tano zinazokabili lugha ya Kiswahili kama somo katika shule
za upili nchini Kenya
(Al 5)
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MWIGO 9
SEHEMU YA A. UFAHAMU (alama 15)
Hebu sasa tuzingatie yale yanayozifanya sehemu hizi kukosa kufanana. Hapa tutawajibika
kuzingatia tofauti zilizo bayana baina ya watu wa shamba na mjini, hasa kufungamana na
jinsi wanavyoendesha maisha yao.
Jambo lililo wazi ni kwamba watu wa mashambani hawajapiga hatua ya maana kuhusu jinsi
wanavyotakikana kuishi katika karne ya ishirini na moja. Watu hawa bado wanaishi kama
walivyoishi mababu zao. Hawahisi halahala ya jambo lolote. Mategemeo yao ni mashamba;
usubiriwe msimu mzuri wa mvua, watu walime, Mungu akineemesha kilimo, wavune
mavuno mema, basi. Wikishayatia maghalani wachukue kidogo kidogo na kutayarisha
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chakula. Chakula kikiwa tayari, wale, walale, siku nyingine warudie mkondo uo huo wa
kuendesha maisha yao.
Watu hawa maisha yao yamepangika mikondo mitatu tu: kuzaliwa, kuoa au kuolewa na kufa.
Zaidi ya mikondo hii, maisha ya viumbe hawa hayana mabadiliko makubwa. Mabadiliko
hayapendelewi sana huko mashambani. Huko wanaume ni mabwana, wanawake ni mfano wa
vijakazi na watoto hawana tofauti kubwa na watwana. Mwanamume akikohoa, mkewe
akimbilie kulikokoholewa na watoto watetemeke. Wanawake na watoto wa shamba hawana
hata haki ya kunena wala hawajui haki ni nini.
Kwa upande mwingine, mjini kuna viwanda, kuna magari na kuna vyombo vingi sana vya
maendeleo ya kisiku hizi. Watu wa mjini ni watu wa ulimwengu kote, wala si watu wa mji
mmoja tu. Watu wa mji wowote ulimwenguni huweza kuwasiliana na wenzao wa miji
mingine kokote kule ulimwenguni kwa njia ya simu au hata ya tarakilishi. Watu wa mjini
huweza kuona lolote litokeapo kokote ulimwenguni, hata papo kwa papo kwa njia ya
runinga. Pia kwa watu wa mjini, kuona kiumbe kidogo kabisa kisichoweza kuonekana kwa
macho si ibura hata kidogo.
Kiumbe cha aina hiyo huonekana kupitia mangala. Na kwa wale wameondokea kuwa
manajimu wa kisasa, kuziona sayari na thurea zilizo mbali sana nasi kupitia ningala ni jambo
la kawaida sana.
Watu wa mjini huwa na mabadiliko mengi sana katika maisha yao, wala sio mikondo aina tatu
tu. Kwa mfano, wanawake wa mjini hawakubali tena kuonewa na wanaume. Wanajua sana
maslahi yao na wameiweka menke yao mbele; yaani mahali pao katika jamii, wakiwa wao ni
wanawake. Hawaoni tofauti kati ya menke yao na ile ya wanaume. Kwa sababu hiyo
wameondokea kupigania haki sawa na wanaume bila kulegeza kamba. Huku kupambana
kimaisha kama wapambanavyo wanaume kumewafanya wanawake mijini kutowaogopa tena
wanaume na kufanikiwa kufanya kazi za kusifika kama vile uwakili, udaktari, uhandis,
urubani na nyinginezo zilizokuwa zikifanywa na wanaume tu. Wanawake wengine hata ni
maprofesa! Kweli watu wa mijini wameendelea.
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Maswali
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b) Rejelea neno “Mungu” katika aya ya tatu na neno “kiumbe” katika aya ya nne.
Bainisha uhusiano uliopo baina ya maneno haya mawili, hasa ukizingatia jinsi
yalivyotumiwa katika habari. Je, matumizi haya yanakupa hisia gani? (alama 2)
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d) Orodhesha vifaa vyovyote vinne vinavyotajwa katika taarifa, kisha ueleze umuhimu wa
kila kimojawapo. (alama 4)
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(e) “Watu wa mijini ni watu wa ulimwengu kote”. Hapa mwandishi anamaanisha. (alama 2)
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(ii) Mwandishi anamalizia taarifa yake kwa kusema “Kweli watu wa mijini wameendelea.”
Kwa muhtasari, ni tabia gani za wanamji zinazomfanya akiri hivyo?
(alama2)
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Nchi zinazoendelea huwa na masoko finyu hasa kwa kuzingatia uwezo wa ununuzi wa
wanaolengwa na bidhaa za viwanda.katika msingi huu viwanda vikubwa vitawiwa vigumu
kufanya biashara katika mazingira ambako masoko yake ni finyu au utashi wa bidhaa zake sio
mkubwa.viwanda vidogo pia vina uwezo wa kuwaajiri wafanyikazi wengi hasa kwa kuwa havina
uwezo wa kugharamia mashine.Uajiri huu wa wafanyikazi wengi ni muhimu katika maeneo
mengi ambako tatizo la uajiri ni mojawapo wa matatizo sugu.Tofauti na mataifa ya
kitasnia,mataifa yanayoendelea hayana mifumo imara ya kuwakimu watu wasio na
kazi.Utegemezi wa jamaa wanaofanya kazi kwa hivyo unakuwa nyenzo ya pekee ya kuyamudu
maisha
Kuanzisha viwanda vidogo vidogo hakuhitaji mtaji mkubwa tofauti na viwanda vikubwa.Hali
hii inasahilisha uwezekano wa watu wengi kujasurisha shughuli yoyote ile.Sambamba na suala
hili ni kuwa ni rahisi kujaribisha bidhaa mpya kwa kiwango kidogo cha kiwanda kidogo.Ikiwa
mzalishaji yeyote atazalisha bidhaa mpya kwa mapana,kwa mfano,kama ilivyo kwa viwanda
vikubwa ,pana uwezekano wa kupata hasara kubwa.Huenda utashi wa bidhaa hizo uwe mdogo
ukilinganishwa na ugavi wa bidhaa zenyewe.
Majaribio mazuri huwa ni kwa kiwango kidogo.Kuwepo kwa viwanda vodogo huwa ni
chocheo kubwa la usambazaji wa viwanda hata katika maeneo ya mashambani.Hali hii
inahakikisha kuwa nafasi za ajira zimesambazwa nchini hali ya ambayo inasaidia kuhakikisha
kuwa pana mweneo mzuri wa kimapato nchini.Mweneo huu wa mapato unachangia katika
kuboresha uwezo wa kiununuzi wa umma.Huu ni msingi muhimu wa maendeleo. Upanuzi na
ueneaji wa viwanda vidogo vidogo ni msingi mkubwa wa kujitegemea kiuchumi.Aghalabu
viwanda vikubwa huegemea kwenye mitaji ya mashirika ya kimataifa na huwa msingi wa
kuendelezwa kwa utegemezi wa kiuchumi.
Tatizo jingine linalotokana na ukosefu wa mikopo ya muda mrefu ya kibiashra kwa wenye
viwanda vidogo vidogo.Mikopo ya aina hii huwa muhimu hasa pale ambapo anayehusika ana
mradi wa kununua bidhaa kama mashine.Mikopo ya muda mfupi inayopatikana kwenye mabenki
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huweza kuwashinda wengine kutokana na viwango vya riba kuwa juu.Haimakikniki kwa
viwanda kama hivi kukopa kutoka nje ya nchi zao.Juhudi za kuendeleza viwanda hivi huweza
pia kukwamizwa na tatizo la kawi kama vile umeme. Gharama za umeme huenda ziwe juu
sana.Isitoshe,si maeneo yote ambayo yana umeme.Matatizo mengine huhusiana na ukosefu wa
maarifa ya kibiashara.Ukosefu wa stadi za ujasiriamali au kuwa na ujasiri wa kujiingiza kwenye
shughuli fulani na miundo duni.
Ili kuhakikisha kwamba viwanda vimekuzwa na kuendelezwa kuna haja ya kuchukua hhatua
kadhaa.kwanza,kuwepo kwa vihazisho kwa wanaoanzisha viwanda vidogo vidogo kama vile
punguzo la kodi,kuhimiza kuanzishwa kwa viwanda vidogo vidogo na kutaka kuyapanua
masoko kwa ajili ya bidhaa zinazozalishwa na viwanda hivyo.Aidha kuanzishwa na kupanuliwa
kwa taasisi za kuendeleza upanuzi huo.Pana haja ya kuwekeza kwenye raslimali za
kibinadamu;kuelimishwa na kupanua uwezo wao wa kuyaelewa mambo
mbalimbali.Miundomsingi haina budi nayo kupanuliwa na kuimarishwa.Upo umuhimu pia wa
kuongeza hazina inayotengewa maendeleo na ukuzaji wa viwanda ili kuharakisha maendeleo
yake.Pana umuhimu wa kupambana na ufisadi unaoweza kuwa kikwazo kikubwa.Inahalisi
kutambua ikiwa viwanda vitatanda nchini,uchumi wa nchi nao utapanda.
Maswali.
Kwa maneno 65-75 eleza ujumbe muhimu unaopatikana katika aya ya pili hadi ya nne.(Alama
8,1 utiririko)
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Jibu.
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(b) kwa maneno 50-55 fafanua mambo yanakwaza ukuaji wa viwanda.(alama 5,1 utiririko)
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ii.Shina
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f) Tumia nomino ya jamii pamoja na kivumishi cha pekee cha kusisitiza katika sentensi. (alama
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MWIGO 10
SEHEMU YA A: UFAHAMU (alama 15)
Kwa kutokuwa na sheria ama sera iliyo wazi kuhusu haki na usalama wa watoto,sarikali zetu
hazina budi kukubali kubeba uzito wote wa lawama. Hii ni kwa sababu, serikali zetu zimelipuuza
na kuvalia miwani swala hili kwa kuchukulia kuwa litapotea lenyewe katika hewa yabisi. Yafaa
ifahamike kuwa usalama wetu katika siku zijazo utategemea jinsi tutakavyolikabili ana kwa ana
tatizo hili wakati huu. Wakati wa kutenda ni sasa. Aidha, watoto hawa wanaokulia mitaani bila
malezi,maelekezo wala mwongozo mwafaka wa kimaisha, wanakua bila mapenzi hivyo hawajui
maana ya kupenda. Wanachokijua ni chuki na haja ya kulipiza kisasi didhi ya jamii
iliyowachonga jinsi walivyo. Hawajali lolote hata kifo. Wako tayari kujikabidhi kwa haini
yeyote mwenye nia mbaya,bila kujali matokeo, muradi tu, wapate riziki.
Tunapendekeza kwa serikali, washika dau kama vile mashirika ya kujitolea, viongozi wa dini,
shule, vyuo na wananchi kwa jumla wachange bia katika kutafuta mikakati ya kulitatua tatizo
hili kabla halijageuka kuwa janga la kijamii ambalo tutashindwa kulimudu. Mpango wa vijana
hawa kujiunga na huduma ya taifa ni jambo linalofaa kutiliwa maanani.
Mwenye njaa hana miiko. Ili kijiruzuku, hawa watoto daima wanachumia jaani.Kwa kudura
ya jalia, huenda siku moja watalia kivulini. Asiyekuwa na wake ana mungu.Aghalabu, watoto
wanaozurura mitaani hupewa pesa na wafadhili. Wakati mwingine wanaiba. Maisha haya ya
kuomba au kuiba wanaona yanaridhisha Zaidi kuliko kumenyeka na kazi ya kibarua kutwa
kucha. Kwa bahati mbaya, watoto hawa wamatumia pesa wanazopata kutoka kwa wafadhili
kujichimbia kaburi. Aidha pesa wanazopatiwa watoto hawa wanazitumia kununulia gundi
badala ya chakula.
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Wafadhili wanashauriwa wawape chakula hawa watoto badala ya pesa taslimu. Kusema kweli,
unapompa mtoto wa mitaani pesa,utakuwa unainua biashara ya mwenye kiwanda cha
gundi,jambo ambalo litakuwa sawa na kuweka sahihi mkataba wa kifo cha mtoto mwenyewe.
Wataalamu wa afya wanaonya kuwa gundi ikivutwa kwa muda mrefu inaweza
kusababisha upofu au kifo.Wataalamu hawa wanazidi kutuarifu kuwa matumizi ya muda mrefu
ya gundi huathiri ubongo,figo na maini. Mtumiaji pia anaweza kupoteza uwezo wa kutembea na
hata kupooza kabisa.
Maswali
(a) Taja jambo moja linalochangia kuweko kwa watoto wanaorandaranda mitaani.
(alama 1)
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ii. Jinsi kizazi cha mitaani kinavyozidi kupanuka,inaonekana tumelitega bomu ambalo
litakuja kutulipukia usoni mwetu. (alama 2)
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i. Aidha:
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2.UFUPISHO:(ALAMA 15)
Lugha ndio msingi wa maandishi yote. Bila lugha hakuna maandishi. Kila jambo tufanyalo
kuhusiana na lugha husitawisha ufahamu wetu wa mambo tusomayo. Mazoezi katika kuandika
husitawisha ufahamu katika kusoma kwa sababu katika kuandika ni lazima kuyatumia maneno
vizuri na kufahamu ugumu wa usemi. Twajifunza matumizi ya lugha katika kuzungumza na
kuwasikiliza wengine wakizungumza. Lugha tusomayo ni anina ya lugha ya masungumzo.
Kuna ujuzi mwingi katika kuzungumza kama vila michezo ya kuigiza, hotuba, majadiliano na
mazungumzo katika darasa. Haya yote husaidia katika uhodari wa matumizi ya lugha. Ujuzi wa
kila siku utasaidia katika maendeleo ya kusoma na usitawi wa msamiati. Ikiwa mwanafunzi
amemwona ndovu hasa, atakuwa amejua maana ya neno ndovu vizuri zaidi kuliko mwanafunzi
ambaye hajawahi kumwona ndovu bali ameelezwa tu vile ilivyo. Vilevile ujuzi wa kujionea
sinema au michoro husaidia sana katika yaliyoandikwa. Ikiwa mwanafunzi ana huzuni au ana
furaha, akiwa mgonjwa au amechoka au amefiwa, haya yote ni ujuzi. Wakati juao mwanafunzi
asomapo juu ya mtu ambae amepatikana na mambo kama huyo hana budi kufahamu zaidi.
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Karibu elimu yote ulimwenguni huwa imeandikwa vitabuni. Hata hivyo, lugha zote hazina
usitawi sawa kuhusu fasihi. Kwa bahati mbaya lugha nyingine hazijastawi sana na hazina vitabu
vingi. Fauka ya hayo , karibu mambo yote yanayohusiana na elimu huweza kupatikana katika
vitabu kwenye lugha nyingine.
Inambidi mwanafunzi asome vitabu au majarida juu ya sayansi au siasa au historia, lakini
haimbidi kusoma tu juu ya taaluma fulani anayojifunza . Inafaa asome juu ya michezo, mambo
ya mashairi na juu ya mahali mbalimbali ili kupata ujuzi wa mambo mengi.
a) Fupisha aya za kwanza mbili kwa kutumia maneno 65 (alama 10, 1 ya utiririko)
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Jibu
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b) Kwa kuzingatia habari zote muhimu na bila kupoteza maana asilia, fupisha aya ya
mwisho
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(e) Kwa kutunga sentensi vumisha nomino nguruwe kuwa kivumishi cha idadi
bainifu. (al.1)
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(g) Yakinisha sentensi ifuatayo katika wakati ujao hali timilifu wingi (al.2)
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(h) Tunga sentensi moja inayobainisha maana mbili tofauti za neno chuma
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(j) Kwa kutumia mifano mwafaka fafanua miundo yoyote miwili ya kirai nomino
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(l) Andika neno lenye silabi funge yenye muundo wa konsonanti moja
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‘Yafaa tumwendee mama mkubwa ili atushauri juu ya jambo hili,’ Amina alipendekeza.
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4. ISIMUJAMII (alama10)
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(c )Taja kaida mbili zinazotawala maamkizi katika jamii huku ukitoa mifano mwafaka.
(alama2)
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MWIGO 11
Malala Yousafzai alishinda Tuzo ya Nobel mwaka 2014 akiwa na umri wa miaka 17.
Aliyeshinda naye tuzo hii adhimu ni Kailash Satyarthi. Kigoli huyu alituzwa tunu hii kwa
kupigania haki za wasichana kupata Elimu nchini Pakistan. Harakati hizi hakuzianza juzi.
Mwaka 2012 alipigwa risasi na mijibaba ya ugaidi ya kundi Fulani linaloegemea mrengo wa
siasa kali kwa ‘hatia’ za kuwatetea mabanati. Inasemekana alishambuliwa alipokuwa akisafiri
kwenye basi la shule. Kilichochochea mashambulizi ni tuhuma kuwa alikuwa ameanzisha
jukwaa kwenye mtandao wa Shirika la Utangazaji la BBC alilokuwa akichangia maandishi
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alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11. Maandishi yake yalikuwa na ujumbe wa kupinga juhudi za
makundi Fulani kuwanyima wanawake Elimu.
Yeye ndiye mwenye umri wa chini zaidi katika historia kupata tuzo hili. Baadhi ya wale
walioshinda Nobel katika umri mkubwa ni Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela na Wangari
Maathai. Kila mmoja wao alitambuliwa kwa sababu mahususi zinazohusu jitihada za kuboresha
maisha ya wanajamii.
Njia nyingine kuu aliyoitumai Malala ni hotuba. Mwaka 2013 alihutubia Kongamano la
Vijana la Umoja wa Mataifa katika hafla iliyoandaliwa kwa heshima yake. Aliwashangaza wengi
kwa ufasaha na uweza wake wa kutongoa hoja. Kila mtu aliguswa na dhati ya kauli zake.
Katibu Mkuu hakuwa na jingine ila kulipa kongamano hilo jina Malala. Mtoto huyu wa
kimaskini alipewa taathima ambayo watu wachache sana wamepata kutunukiwa. Hii ni heshima
inayotengewa marais na wafalme. Na wanapoipata huruhusiwa kuhutubia kwa dakika tano tu.
Mwaka 2014, viongozi wenye sifa za ubabe wa kuwabinya wapinzani wao lakini
wameshindwa kuwaokoa wanyonge walipokuwa wakilaza damu, yeye alisafiri hadi Naijeria
kudai kuachiliwa kwa wasichana 200 waliotekwa nyara na kundi haramu.
Katika hotuba iliyojaa hisia ambazo huhusishwa tu na akina mama wenye uzazi mkubwa
aliyoitoa Naijeria , aliwaasa watoto wenzake wasimruhusu mtu yeyote awaambie kuwa wao ni
wanyonge au hawana uwezo. Aliwanasihi kuwa wao sio wadhaifu kuliko wavulana na wasijione
wanyonge kuliko watoto wa kitajiri wala wale wanaotoka nchi zenye uwezo mkubwa .
Alihitimiza kuwa wao ndio watakaoijenga jamii na kuwa wana uwezo wa kuyaendesha mambo.
Mshindi wa tuzo hii yenye thamani ya dola za kimarekani milioni moja ameitabaruku
kwa watoto wenzake ulimwenguni. Bila shaka mwanzilishi wa tuzo ya Nobel ameguswa na
tendo la mtoto huyu huko kuzimuni. Kama kumbukizi tunu hii hutolewa wakati wa kuadhimisha
kifo cha Mwanaviwanda wa Kiswidi aliyeasisi tuzo hii kufuatana na wosia wake mwaka 1895.
Kama Alfred Noble mwenyewe, kwake Malala, ngwenje au darahimu si muhimu . Lililo
muhimu ni ukombozi wa watoto nahasa wa kike kielimu. Malala bado anavaa mtandio wake
huku akidhihirisha adabu na unyenyekevu wa kupigiwa mfano.
Maswali
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2. Unafikiri Malala alistahili kutuzwa Tuzo ya Nobel? Toa sababu tatu. (alama.3)
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3. Ni njia zipi alizozitumia Malala kutetea haki ya watoto wa kike kupata Elimu? (alama
3)
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5. Kwa nini inasemekana kuwa Tuzo ya Nobel ina staha ya juu zaidi? (alama.2)
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a) Tunu
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b) Wahisani
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c) Ubabe
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2. UFUPISHO
Ukame ni tukio hatari la kimaumbile. Athari zake hutofautiana kutoka eneo moja hadi
lingine. Kwa sababu hiyo, si rahisi kuielewa dhana ya ukame; kwa hakika si rasihi kuifafanua
dhana hii. Katika eneo la Bali, kwa mfano, isiponyesha kwa muda wa siku sita wenyeji
huchukulia hali hiyo kuwa ukame japo kiasi hicho cha mvua ni kikubwa mno ikilinganishwa na
Libya ambayo hupata kiasi kidogo cha chini ya milimita 180 ya mvua kwa mwaka.
Katika hali ya kawaida ukame hutokana na kipindi kirefu cha uhaba wa mvua hasa katika
mzima au zaidi. Uhaba huu wa mvua huweza kusababisha uhaba wa maji kwa shughuli, kundi au
sekta Fulani. Shughuli za binadamu huweza kufanya hali ya ukame mbaya zaidi.Shughuli hizo ni
pamoja na kilimo, unyunyiziaji maji na ukataji wa miti.
Ni vigumu kubaini wakati mahususi ambao ukame huanza kwa kipindi hicho cha ukosefu
wa mvua huwa cha mfululizo, na eneo huendelea kupata mvua iliyopungua kwa miezi au hata
miaka. Mimea hukauka na wanyama hufa kutokana na ukosefu wa maji. Ukame basi huwa hatari
kwa maisha ya binadamu na viumbe wengine kwa kuwa huweza kusababisha njaa na kuyafanya
maeneo kuwa majangwa.
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hivyo kusababisha ukame. Hali hii huitwa la nina. Mambo yanayotokana na mabadiliko ya hali
ya anga ulimwenguni pia yanaweza kuchangia ya ukame. Ongezeko la joto duniani linafanya
hali ya ukame kuwa mbaya zaidi.
Ukame una mdhara chungu nzima kwa binadamu. Madhara hayo huweza kuwa ya
kiuchumi, kimazingira, kimazingira au hata kijamii. Ukame husababisha kupungua kwa mimea
na mavuno. Huweza pia kutokea dhoruba za mchanga. Dhoruba hizi hutokea palipo na jangwa.
Ukosefu wa maji ya kunyunyizia mimea husababisha njaa na magonjwa kama vile utapiamlo
yanayotokana na ukosefu wa lishe bora. Makazi ya wanyama wanchi kavu na wale wa majini pia
huathiriwa vibaya. Hali kadhalika, ukame husababisha uhamaji. Hii inamaanisha kuwa jamii
huweza kutoka katika makazi asilia na wakati mwingine huweza hata kuwa wakimbizi.
Ukame husababisha ukosefu mkubwa wa maji. Ukosefu huu huwa na athari hasi kwa
maendeleo ya viwanda kwa kuwa vingi huhitaji kiasi kikubwa cha maji. Juu ya hayo, maji
huhitajika katika kuzalisha umeme. Umeme una matumizi mengi katika viwanda, nyumbani,
afisini na hata hospitalini. Ukosefu wa umeme basi huwa ni tatizo kuu.
Ingawa ukame husababisha madhara mengi, binadamu wanaweza kujikinga kutokana nao
kwa kupunguza makali ya ukame. Jambo la kwanza wanaloweza kufanya binadamu ni kuhifadhi
maji. Maji ya mvua yanafaa kuhifadhiwa katika mabwawa na mapipa. Haya yanaweza kutumiwa
wakati wa ukame hasa katika kukuza mimea. Mkakati mwingine ni kutumia mbinu za
kupunguza chumvi na kemikali nyingine zilizomo kwenye maji ya bahari ili yaweze kutumika
katika unyunyiziaji wa mimea. Hili litapunguza tatizo la ukosefu wa chakula. Pia ni muhimu
kufanya utafiti kuhusu hali ya anga ili kupanga na kuweka mikakati ifaayo kukabiliana na hali
hiyo.
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(a) Kwa maneno 50, eleza visababishi vya ukame kwa mujibu wa taarifa
(alama. 4; 1 ya mtiririko)
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Nakala safi
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b) Fupisha ujumbe wa aya ya tano hadi saba kwa maneno 70. (alama. 6; 1 mtiririko )
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a) Eleza masuala ambayo mwandishi ameibua katika aya mbili za mwisho kwa maneno 60.
(alama 5; 1 ya mtiririko)
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i) Kipasuo ghuna cha midomoni, irabu ya chini, kati, kipasuo sighuna cha ufizi, irabu
ya juu mbele.
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ii) Nazali ya ufizi, kipasuo ghuna cha kaakaa laini, irabu ya juu, nyuma, irabu ya
nyuma wastani.
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i) Waliotusifia
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ii) Sherehekea
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e) Tunga sentensi moja yenye kivumishi cha pekee kinachoonyesha idadi jumla.
(alama.1
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iv) Kengewa alitoa ahadi .Wengi waliiamini ahadi hiyo. (unganisha kuwa sentensi moja
inayoanza kwa . Ahadi….)
(alama .2)
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Kiwango cha umasikini katika kaunti ya homabay kinasikitisha sana itabidi sote wakatizi wa
hapa tujizatiti ili tutimize malengo ya millennia seneta mteule alituhimiza
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KN (N+RH) + KT (T+RE)
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o) Andika sentensi ifuatayo katika kauli ya kutendesha kwa kuzingatia maneno yaliyopigiwa
mstari
p) (Alama. 2)
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r) Hewala ni kwa kukubaliana na jambo, ……………………… .ni kwa kutoka kitu kinusurike,
na…………….ni kwa aliyefanya vyema katika jambo.
(alama.1)
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s) Zito ni kwa jepesi, ……………………..ni kwa choyo na, ……………………ni kwa kali.
(alama.2)
4. ISIMU JAMII.
(Alama.10)
Eleza sababu tano zinazowafunga watu kufanya makosa ya kisarufi katika mazungumzo.
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MWIGO 12
1. UFAHAMU: (Alama
15)
Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali yanayofuata.
Mateso ya wanawakiwa ni swala la kijamii linalofaa kutazamwa kwa darubini kali. Hata hivyo
wanaoathirika zaidi ni watoto ambao bado wako katika umri unaohitaji kulelewa na kupewa
mahitaji ya msingi kama mavazi, elimu na mengine anuwai. Hali ya kuachwa na wazazi
imekuwa ikizikumba jamii tangu enzi za mababu na kila itokeapo wanajamii huipokea kwa
mitazamo tofauti tofauti, hivyo kuwafanya wanawakiwa kuathirika sana.
Baadhi ya jamii zina Imani ya kijadi pamwe na mila zilizochakaa zinazozifanya kuamini kuwa
baadhi ya vifo hutokana na laana. Wengine huchukulia kuwa mwendazake ameondolewa na
ulozi. Imani kama hizi huifanya jamii kuwatia watoto walioachwa katika mkumbo ule ule hivyo
kuwaangalia kwa macho yasiyo ya kawaida. Hili husababisha dhana gande. Hali hii husababisha
kuwachukulia watoto kama wanaotoka katika kizazi kilicholaaniwa. Jamii basi hukosa kuwapa
watoto hawa stahiki yao. Hata wanapojitahidi kuiwania nafasi yao, waliowazunguka huwavunja
mioyo. Jitihada zao huishia kuwa si chochote kwa kuwa jamii inawatazama kama waliolaaniwa.
Punde baada ya mzazi mmoja ama wote wawili waendapo wasikorudi, inatarajiwa kwamba
aliyeachiwa mtoto, awe mzazi wake, mwanafamilia au jirani awajibike na kumtunza
mwanamkiwa. Kunao kadha wa kadha wanaowajibika--ninawavulia kofia. Hata hivyo wengi
hutekeleza jukumu hili walilopewa na Muumba. Si ajabu basi kuona kuwa idadi ya watoto
wanaozurura mitaani inazidi kuongezeka kila uchao. Ukichunguza utakuta kuwa wengi wa
watoto hawa ni waliopotelewa na wazazi wao. Inakera zaidi kugundua kuwa baadhi ya watoto
hawa wana mzazi mmoja aliyemzaa na kumwachia mwenzake mzigo wa ulezi,aliyeachiwa ana
jukumu la kumpa mwanawe mahitaji ya msingi. Machoni pa Jalali kila anayepuuza wajibu huu
ana hukumu yake siku ya kiama!
Ni haki ya kila mtoto kupata elimu. Katika katiba ya Kenya, mathalan, elimu ya msingi, yaani
kuanzia shule ya chekechea hadi kidato cha nne ni ya lazima. Tangu hapo hata hivyo jamii
zimekuwa zikiwanyima wanawakiwa wengi elimu. Kwamba kunao wachache wanaowaelimisha
baadhi ya wanawakiwa, ni kweli. Hata hivyo, wengi hukosa hata wa kuwapeleka katika shule ya
chekechea, hivyo kuishia kutojua hata kuandika majina yao. Mfikirie mtu katika karne ya 21
asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika! Nani ajuaye huenda huyo mwanamkiwa asiyepelekwa shuleni
ndiye angalikuwa profesa, daktari, mwalimu, rubani au msomi mtajika na mtaalamu wa uwanja
muhimu katika jamii!
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Kila mtoto ana haki ya kulelewa hadi kufikia utu uzima kabla ya kupewa majukumu mazito.
Katika katiba ya Kenya, utu uzima, ulio umri wa kuanza kufanya kazi huanzia miaka 18.
Wanaohakikisha watoto hawa wametimiza utu uzima kabla ya kufanyishwa gange ngumu
wanafaa pongezi. Hata hivyo wanawakiwa wamekuwa wakitumiwa na wengi kama punda wa
huduma. Wanaaila wengine huwachukua wanawakiwa kwa machozi mengi wazazi wao waagapo
na kuapa kuwahifadhi na kuwatunza wana wale wa ndugu zao, kumbe ni machozi ya simba
kumlilia swara! Hata kabla ya mwili wa mzazi mhusika kuliwa na viwavi, mateso kwa mtoto
yule huanza, akawa ndiye afanyaye kazi zote ngumu. Utakuta watoto wao wamekaa kama sultan
bin jerehe huku mwanamkiwa yule akiwapikia, kuwafulia nguo, kudeki karibu hata awaoshe
miili! Kazi kama zile za shokoa huwa za sulubu na aghalabu husindikizwa kwa matusi
yasiyoandikika.
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ii) majukumu…………………………………………………………………………………
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Kule kuukubali ukristo kulimaanisha kuuasi uafrika pamoja na utamaduni wake. Kulimaanisha
pia kuikataa miko na matambiko ambayo yalikuwa yanatuunganisha; kulimaanisha kuyakubali
maisha na tabia za aina fulani kutoka bara uropa. Wamisheni walikuwa wameshambulia maisha
ya jamiii zetu na kushtumu mila na desturi za waafrika kama vile nyimbo na densi za kuvutia
miungu mbali mbali; mambo ambayo yalitokana na misimamo yao kuhusu Imani kama hizi.
Kwa sababu hii, nchini Kenya kwa mfano, huku Wafrika wakinyang’anywa mashamba na
raslimali nyingine zilizotokana na jasho lao, wamisheni nao walinyang’anywa roho zao. Hivyo
basi mwili na roho ya mwafrika ilikatwakatwa kwa ahadi ya mazuri ya mbinguni uropa.
Elimu haikuwa jawabu kwa nyoyo za Waafrika zilizokuwa na njaa kwani ilitukuza maadili ya
kikristo ambayo yalikuwa yamedinda kushtumu kudhulumiwa kwa mwafrika- kimwili na
kiakili.Elimu ya kwanza aliyopata mwafrika ilikuwa ya kumwezesha kuisoma Biblia ili aweze
kutekeleza majukumu rahisi kama msaidizi wa wamisheni. Ndipo baadaye elimu ikaanza
kuchukuliwa kama kigezo muhimu cha kujipatia kazi nzuri, kuwa na mali na hivyo kuishi
maisha mazuri, ingawa katika mfumo wa maisha ya huko Uropa. Mwafrika aliyekuwa amesoma
na mkristo alikuwa tayari amejitenga na asili na utamaduni wake. Uhasama kati ya wakenya na
makanisa ya wamisheni; kuanzishwa kwa makanisa yenye misingi yake katika uafrika pamoja na
masuala ya kidini ya vuguvugu la Mau Mau, yote yalikuwa mazao ya uhasama wa kitamaduni
ulioasisiwa na haja ya wamisheni ya kumbadili mwafrika. Makanisa mbali mbali yaliyoanza
yakiwa na uhusiano wa wamisheni na baadaye kujitenga yalijaribu kuanzisha mfumo wa
maombi na elimu ambao ulikuwa sambamba na uliohusiana na matamanio ya jamii ya kiafrika
huku yakijumuisha baadhi ya tamaduni za kiafrika katika kuabudu na maisha ya kila siku.
Siku hizi, kanisa nchini Kenya ni zao la wamisheni kutoka uropa. Wamisheni walikuwa sehemu
ya mchakato wa historia yetu-yani majilio ya wakoloni , au kwa maneno mengine wamisheni,
masetla na wazungu wengine walikuwa maajenti wa ukoloni. Imewahi kusemekana kuwa
wanabiashara na masetla kutoka Ulaya walifuata miongozo iliyotolewa na wamisheni.
Katika maeneo mengine barani Afrika, uongozi wa kisiasa uliasisiwa kutokana na ombi au
shinikizo la wamisheni kutoka nchi ya wakoloni.
(a) Bila kupoteza maana, fupisha aya tatu za kwanza. (maneno 100-110) (alama 10, 2 za
utiririko)
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(b) Dondoa mambo muhimu yanayojitokeza katika aya mbili za mwisho. (maneno 50-55)
(alama 5, 1ya utiririko)
Matayarisho
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Nakala safi.
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ii) Ainisha kitamkwa /l/ kwa kuzingatia kigezo cha hali ya glota.
(alama 1)
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(d) Tumia kirejeshi ‘ji’ katika sentensi ili kutoa dhana zifuatazo;
(alama 2)
i) Mazoea
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ii) Kirejeshi
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(h) Badilisha kitenzi kisaidizi kilicho kwenye sentensi ifuatayo kiwe kishirikishi.
(alama 1)
Mvule alikuwa akilala bwenini.
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(i) Jaza pengo kwa kivumishi mwafaka kutoka kwa kitenzi kilichopigiwa mstari.
(alama 1)
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(j) Tunga sentensi moja moja kuonyesha matumizi ya viambishi kama vielezi kuonyesha;
(alama 2)
i) mahali
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ii) wakati
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4. ISIMUJAMII (ALAMA
10)
Fafanua sifa kumi za sajili ya shuleni.
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KILA LA HERI
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