RAC Unit-6

Flow Diagram and Working Principle of a Split-Type Room Air Conditioner(6.3)

Working Principle:-
A split-type air conditioner operates based on the principles of refrigeration. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of its
working:

Evaporator Coil (Indoor Unit):

 Air Intake: Warm air from the room is drawn into the indoor unit through an air inlet.
 Filtration: The air passes through a filter that removes dust and other particles.
 Cooling Process: The filtered air then passes over the evaporator coil, which contains cold refrigerant. As the air
flows over the coil, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air, cooling it down.
 Fan and Louvers: The cooled air is then circulated back into the room by a fan. Adjustable louvers direct the flow of
cooled air.
Compressor (Outdoor Unit):
 Compression: The refrigerant, now warm and in a gaseous state after absorbing heat from the indoor air, is
pumped to the outdoor unit where the compressor is located. The compressor pressurizes the refrigerant, raising its
temperature even further.
Condenser Coil (Outdoor Unit):
 Heat Release: The high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant gas flows through the condenser coil. A fan blows
outdoor air over the coil, causing the refrigerant to release its heat to the outside environment. As it loses heat, the
refrigerant condenses back into a liquid state.
Expansion Valve:
 Pressure Reduction: The high-pressure liquid refrigerant then flows through an expansion valve where its pressure
and temperature drop significantly.
Cycle Repeats:
 Cooling Cycle: The low-pressure, low-temperature liquid refrigerant returns to the evaporator coil in the indoor unit
to absorb more heat from the room air, and the cycle repeats.

Key Components and Functions

 Evaporator Coil: Absorbs heat from the indoor air, cooling it down.
 Compressor: Pressurizes the refrigerant, increasing its temperature.
 Condenser Coil: Releases absorbed heat from the refrigerant to the outside air.
 Expansion Valve: Reduces the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
 Fan: Circulates air over the evaporator coil inside and the condenser coil outside.
 Filter: Removes dust and particles from the air before it is cooled.
 Air Direction Louvers: Control the direction of the cooled air flow.