Jawapan

AWAPAN Bab 1
Fungsi (d) y
PBD 1.1 Functions
FORMATIF
y = f(x)
1. (a) Fungsi kerana setiap objek mempunyai satu x
0
imej sahaja walaupun terdapat unsur tidak
mempunyai objek.
Function because every object has one image although
there is an element without object. Bukan fungsi kerana garis mencancang
(b) Bukan fungsi kerana objek c mempunyai dua memotong graf pada dua titik.
Not a function because the vertical line cuts the graph at
imej, iaitu 3 dan 4. two points.
Not a function because object c has two images, 3 and 4.
(c) Bukan fungsi kerana setiap objek mempunyai 3. (a) f : x → x + 1 atau/or f(x) = x + 1
dua imej. Domain / Domain = {0, 1, 3, 5}
Not a function because each object has two images. Kodomain / Codomain = {1, 2, 4, 6}
(d) Fungsi kerana setiap objek mempunyai satu Julat / Range = {1, 2, 4, 6}
imej. (b) g : x → 2x atau/or g(x) = –2x
A function because every object has one image.
Domain / Domain = {–5, –3, 4}
Kodomain / Codomain = {–9, –8, 6, 10}
2. (a) y
Julat / Range = {–8, 6, 10}
y = 2x3 (c) h : x → 3x + 1 atau/or h(x) = 3x + 1
Domain / Domain = {–2, –1, 3}
x
O Kodomain / Codomain = {–5, –2, 10, 15}
Julat / Range = {–5, –2, 10}
Fungsi kerana garis mencancang memotong 4. (a) (i) h(–3) = (–3)2 + 3(–3) + 2
graf pada satu titik sahaja. =2
1 = 1 +3 1 +2
2
A function because the vertical line cuts the graph at only
one point.
h
2   
2 2  
(b) = 15
y
x2 + 2y2 = 4
4
(ii) x2 + 3x + 2 = 30
O
x x2 + 3x – 28 = 0
(x – 4)(x + 7) = 0
x = 4, –7
Bukan fungsi kerana garis mencancang (b) (i) p(2) = 7
memotong graf pada dua titik. 2k + c = 7......................a
Not a function because the vertical line cuts the graph at p(4) = –1
two points. 4k + c = –1....................b
(c) y a–b –2k = 8
k = –4
2(–4) + c = 7
x
0 c = 15
y = f(x)
(ii) p(x) = –4x + 15
p(3) = –4(3) + 15
Fungsi kerana garis mencancang memotong =3
graf pada satu titik sahaja.
A function because the vertical line cuts the graph at only
one point.
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Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bab 1
5. (a) (i) x y = f(x) = |3x + 1| 8. (a) gf(x) = x – 7

–3 8 f(x) + 9 = x – 7
f(x) = x – 16
–1 0
3 (b) Katakan / Let fg(x) = 2x + 1

0 1 y = g(x) y+5
f(y) = 2 +1
2 7 y = 2x – 5 2
y+5 = y + 6
f(x) x=
2 f(x) = x + 6
8
7 (c) gf(x) = 3x – 1
5[f(x)] + 7 = 3x – 1
f(x) = 3x – 8
5
1
x
(d) Katakan / Let fg(x) = 3x + 2

0
y = g(x) y–1
f(y) = 3
3 
–3 –1 2
3 +2
y = 3x + 1
y–1 = y + 1
(ii) f(–4) = |3(–4) + 1| x=
3 f(x) = x + 1
= |–11|
= 11 9. (a) fg(x) = f(ax + b)
(iii) f(x)  4 = 7 – 2(ax + b)
3x + 1  –4 , 3x + 1  4 = 7 – 2ax – 2b
3x  –5 3x  3
5 Secara perbandingan / By comparison
x  – x  1 7 – 2b – 2ax = 1 – 4x
3
(iv) f(x)  5 7 – 2b = 1 , –2a = –4
|3x + 1|  5 b = 3 a=2
–5  3x + 1  5 (b) (i) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]
–6  3x  4 x
–2  x  4
3 = x+1
x +1
Fungsi Gubahan x+1
1.2
= x
PBD
FORMATIF
Composite Functions
6. (a) (i) fg(x) (iii) gg(x) 2x + 1

= f(x2 + 5) = g(x2 + 5) f 3(x) = f [f 2(x)]
= 2(x2 + 5) – 1 = (x2 + 5)2 + 5 x
= 2x2 + 10 – 1 = x4 + 10x2 + 25 + 5 = 2x +1
= 2x2 + 9 = x4 + 10x2 + 30 x +1
2x + 1
(ii) gf(x)
= g(2x – 1) = x
3x + 1
= (2x – 1)2 + 5
= 4x2 – 4x + 1 + 5 f 4(x) = f [f 3(x)]
= 4x2 – 4x + 6 x
= 3x +1
x–1 (ii) ff(x) = f  x – 1 
7. (a) (i) gf(x) = g
2 
x +1
2 3x + 1
1 x–1 –1
=
x–1 = x
= 2 4x + 1
2 2
= 2 = x – 1 –2 (ii) Pengangka sentiasa x dan penyebut ialah
x–1 4 2x + 1, 3x + 1 dan 4x + 1, maka penyebut
∴ gf(–1) = 2 = x – 3 seterusnya ialah 5x + 1 .
–1 – 1 4 The numerator is always x and the denominators are
= –1 ff(x) = 1 2x + 1, 3x + 1 and 4x + 1, thus the next denominator
2 is 5x + 1.
= 1x – 3
∴ f 5(x) = x
4 2
x = 5 5x + 1

1.3
Fungsi Songsang (b) Katakan / Let y = 7 – x
PBD
FORMATIF
Inverse Functions 5
5y = 7 – x
10. (a) (i) f –1(15) = 5
x = 7 – 5y
(ii) f –1(9) = 3
(iii) f –1(18) = 6 f −1(y) = x
= 7 – 5y
11. (a) y
y = f(x)
Gantikan y dengan x
Replace y with x
0
x f −1(x) = 7 – 5x
–2 f −1(3) = 7 – 5(3) = –8
Fungsi f ialah fungsi satu dengan satu kerana
ujian garis mengufuk memotong graf pada satu
titik. Maka, fungsi f mempunyai fungsi songsang. (c) Katakan / Let y = 2x + 5
Function f is one-to-one function because the horizontal line x
test cuts the graph at one point. Thus, function f has inverse xy = 2x + 5
function. xy – 2x = 5
(b) y
x(y – 2) = 5
y = f(x) x= 5
y–2
x
f −1(y) = x
= 5
0
y–2
Fungsi f bukan fungsi satu dengan satu Gantikan y dengan x / Replace y with x
kerana ujian garis mengufuk memotong graf f −1(x) = 5
lebih daripada satu titik. Maka, fungsi f tidak x–2
mempunyai fungsi songsang. f (–8) = 5 = – 1
−1
Function f is not one-to-one function because the horizontal –8 – 2 2

line test cuts the graph more than one point. Thus, function f
has no inverse function. (d) Katakan / Let y = x + 2
4x – 2
12. (a) (i) Domain f −1 ialah −1  x  4 4xy – 2y = x + 2
Domain of f –1 is 4xy – x = 2 + 2y
Julat f −1 ialah −6  y  4 x(4y – 1) = 2 + 2y
Range of f –1 is
2 + 2y
x=
(ii) y 4y – 1
f −1(y) = x
(4, 4) 2 + 2y
=
y = f(x)
4y – 1
0
x Gantikan y dengan x
(–6, –1) y = f (x)
–1 Replace y with x
y=x f −1(x) = 2 + 2x
(–1, –6)
4x – 1
2+2 3  
−1 3 4 =7
f  
4
=
3 –1 4
13. (a) Katakan / Let y = 7 – 5x
5x = 7 – y
 
4
4
7–y
x=
5
f −1(y) = x
7–y
=
5
Gantikan y dengan x /Replace y with x
f −1(x) = 7 – x
5
f (4) = – 4 = 3
−1 7
5 5

(e) Katakan / Let y = 2x PRAKTIS SUMATIF 1

4–x
4y – xy = 2x KERTAS 1
2x + xy = 4y
x(2 + y) = 4y 1. (a) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]
4y 2x
= f 1
x=
2+y x + 42
f −1(y) = x 2x
21
=
4y x + 42
2+y =
2x
Gantikan y dengan x 1 x + 42 + 4
Replace y with x
4x
f −1(x) = 4x x+4
2+x =
2x + 4x + 16
f −1(–3) = 4(–3) = 12 x+4
2–3 4x
=
6x + 16
14. h(y) = ay + b 2x
h(3) = –1 f 2(x) =
3x + 8
3a + b = –1 ……a 2x
Biar / Let y=
k(y) = a x+4
b – 2y 2x = xy + 4y
k(3) = 2 2x – xy = 4y
a =2 x(2 – y) = 4y
b – 2(3) 4y
a = 2b – 12 x=
2–y
a – 2b = –12 …b
f–1(y) = x
a × 2: 6a + 2b = –2 … 4y
=
b + : 7a = –14 2–y
a=–2 4x
\ f –1(x) =
2–x
– 2 = 2b – 12
(b) f 2(x) = f –1(x)
2b = 10 2x 4x
b=5 =
3x + 8 2 – x
2x(2 – x) = 4x(3x + 8)
h(y) = –2y + 5 4x – 2x2 = 12x2 + 32x
Katakan / Let x = –2y + 5 14x2 + 28x = 0
y= 5–x x2 + 2x = 0
2 x(x + 2) = 0
h–1(x) = y
x = 0 atau / or x = –2
= 5 – x
2 \ x = –2
\h (y) = – y
–1 5
2 2. fg(x) = 3x2 + 15x + k
f(x2 + hx + 12) = 3x2 + 15x + k
3(x2 + hx + 12) – 4 = 3x2 + 15x + k
3x2 + 3hx + 36 – 4 = 3x2 + 15x + k
3x2 + 3hx + 32 = 3x2 + 15x + k
Dengan membandingkan pekali bagi x,
By comparing the coefficient of x,
3h = 15
h=5
Dengan membandingkan pemalar,
By comparing the constant,
k = 32

3. (a) f(q) = p dan / and g(q) = r (b) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]

f –1(p) = q
= f 1 x + 4 2
gf –1(p) = g(q) x+2
=r
1 xx ++ 42 2 + 4
(b) f(q) = p =
3q – 5 = p
q
1 xx ++ 42 2 + 2
3q – 5 = pq = x + 4 + 4(x + 2)
3q – pq = 5 x + 4 + 2(x + 2)
q(3 – p) = 5 5x + 12
f 2(x) =
q = 5 3x + 8
3–p
f 2(x) = – x
2
x = 1, 1 = 1
4. (a) (i)
1 5x + 12 =– x
1 3x + 8 2
x = 4, = 0.25
4 10x + 24 = –3x2 – 8x
x = 10, 1 = 0.1 3x2 + 18x + 24 = 0
10 x2 + 6x + 8 = 0
1
f(x) = , x ≠ 0 (x + 2)(x + 4) = 0
x
x = –2 atau / or x = –4
(ii) f(p) = 0.04 6. (a) f(x) = 3
1 = 0.04 |3x – 6| = 3
p
3x – 6 = ±3
p = 25
3x – 6 = 3 , 3x – 6 = –3
(b) y 3x = 9 3x = 3
6
(3, 5)
x = 3 x =1
y=x
4
(b) qp(x) = 6x + 15
2
f q[3x – 4] = 6x + 15
f –1
Biar / Let 3x – 4 = y
x
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 3x = y + 4
y+4
–2 x=
3
(–1, –3)
–4
q(y) = 6  y +3 4 2 + 15
5. (a) Biar / Let y = x + 4 = 2(y + 4) + 15
x+2 = 2y + 8 + 15
xy + 2y = x + 4 = 2y + 23
xy – x = 4 – 2y
\ q(x) = 2x + 23
x(y – 1) = 4 – 2y
x = 4 – 2y (c) hg–1(x) = 12x2 – 24x + 18
y–1
hg–1[g(x)] = 12[g(x)]2 – 24[g(x)] + 18
f –1(y) = x
3 2 3
= 4 – 2y
y–1
1 2
h(x) = 12 3 – x – 24 3 – x + 18
2 2 1 2
3 3
\ f –1(x)= 4 – 2x
x–1
 21
= 12 3 – x 3 – x – 72 + 36x + 18
2 2 2
9 2
f –1(x) adalah tidak tertakrif apabila
f –1(x) is undefined when

= 12 9 – 9x + x + 36x – 54
4 2
x–1=0
= 108 – 108x + 27x2 + 36x – 54
x =1 h(x) = 27x2 – 72x + 54

(b) f(x) = 7
KERTAS 2 3x – 7 = 7

1. (a)f2(1) = f[f( 1)] 2 2
3x – 7 = 14
h
= f – 1
1 3 4 x = 7
= f(h – 1) (c) y = 3x – 7
h 2 2
= –1
h–1 2y = 3x – 7
h – 1(h – 1) 2y + 7 = 3x
= 2y + 7
h–1 x =
h–h+1 3
= f (y) = x
–1
h–1
1 2y + 7
= =
h–1 3
2x + 7
h ∴ f –1(x) =
Biar / Let y = – 1 3
x

h
=y+1 ff(x) = f x – 7

3

x 2 2
h 3 3
x= = x– 7 – 7
 
y+1 2 2 2 2
f –1(y) = x
= x – 9 35
h 4 4
=
y+1 f (x) = f (x)
–1 2
h 2x + 7 = 9x – 35
f –1(x) =
3 3 4 4
x+1
x = 7
h
f –1(–2) =
–2 + 1 3. (a) (i) g(–2) = 1 – 3 (–2)
= –h
=7
(b) 2f 2(1) + f –1(–2) = 0 (ii) f(2p – 1) = 3[g(−2)]
1 3(2p − 1) − 6 = 3(7)
2 1h–1 2 + (–h) = 0 6p − 3 − 6 = 21
2 6p =30
–h=0 p =5
h–1
2 – h2 + h = 0 (iii) Katakan / Let y = 3x – 6
h2 – h – 2 = 0 x = y+6
(h + 1)(h – 2) = 0 3
h = –1 atau / or h = 2 f–1(y) = x
= y + 6
3
2. (a) f(3) = 1 x + 6
f (x) =
–1
3a + b = 1 .................a 3
f(–1) = –5
–a + b = –5 .................b gf–1(x) = g x + 6 
3
a – b: 4a = 6 = 1 – 3 x + 6 
3
a= 3 = 1 – (x + 6)
2
= –5 – x
– 3 + b = –5
2 (b) y
b = – 7 5
2
1
x
–6 –5 O

4. (a) f(10) = 6 x =
(b) f 1(x) = x
10 – b = 6 x + 2 (21 – 1)x + 21
a
f 2(x) = x = 2 x
10 = 6 + b 3x + 4 (2 – 1)x + 22
a
10 = 6a + ab .................a f 3(x) = x = 3 x
7x + 8 (2 – 1)x + 23
f(–12) = –4
…

12
– – b = –4 \ f n(x) = n x
a (2 – 1)x + 2n
– 12 = b – 4
a
–12 = ab – 4a .................b
a – b: 22 = 10a
APLIKASI KBAT
a = 11
5 1. (a) Jumlah jualan melebihi RM10 000.
The total sales exceeding RM10 000.
10 = 6 11 + 11 b
  f(20 000) = 20 000 – 10 000
5 5 = 10 000
b = – 16 Jumlah bonus / Amount of bonus
11 g(x) = 0.065(10 000)
(b) (i) P(h) = 20 + 15(h – 1) = RM650
(ii) P(4) = 20 + 15(3) = 65 (b) gf(x) = 0.065(x – 10 000)

Jumlah sewa gelanggang futsal bagi
4 jam ialah RM65. Wang yang dikumpul 2. hg(x) = 4x + 8
oleh Badrul dan rakan-rakannya adalah 4
mencukupi. = 4(x + 2)
The total rental charge of the futsal court is RM65. 4
The money collected by Badrul and his friends is =x+2
enough.
Katakan / Let y = x + 2
x =y–2
5. (a) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]
(hg)–1(x) = x – 2
= f x  
x+2
Katakan / Let y = 4x + 8
x y–8
x + 2 x=
= 4
x +2
1x + 22 g–1(x) = x – 8
4
= x
x + 2x + 4 Katakan / Let y = x
4
= x x = 4y
3x + 4
h–1(x) = 4x
f 3(x) = f [f 2(x)]
x g–1h–1(x) = 4x – 8
= f 
3x + 4  4
4(x – 2)
=
x 4
= 3x +4 =x–2
x
1 3x + 4 2 + 2 Maka / Thus,
x (hg)–1(x) = (h–1g–1)(x)
=
x + 6x + 8
= x
7x + 8

AWAPAN Bab 2
2.1
Persamaan dan Ketaksamaan Kuadratik (f ) x2 – 2 x = 3
PBD
FORMATIF
Quadratic Equations and Inequalities 3
2 2
 2  2
2 2
– –
1. (a) x2 + 6x + 6 – 6 – 2 = 0
2 2
2    
2
2
x2 – x +
3 2
3 –
2
3 =3
(x + 3)2 – 9 – 2 = 0
x2 – 2 x + – 1 – – 1 = 3
2 2
(x + 3)2 = 11 3    
3 3
x + 3 = ±11
x– 1 =3+ 1
2
x = 0.317, –6.317   3 9
(b) x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
3 
x – 1 = ± 28
9
x2 + 4x + 4 – 4 – 3 = 0
2 2
   
2 2 x = 2.097, –1.431
(x + 2)2 – 4 – 3 = 0
(x + 2)2 = 7
2. (a) x = –3 ±9 – 4(1)(–5)
x + 2 = ±7 2(1)
x = 0.646, –4.646
= –3 ±29
(c) x2 – 5 x – 1 = 0 2
2 = 1.193, –4.193
5 5
 2  2
2 2
– –
5 2 2
x2 – x + – –1=0 (b) x = 7 ± 49 – 4(4)(–2)
2 2 2 2(4)
x2 – 5 x + – 5 – – 5 – 1 = 0
2 2
2    
4 4 = 7 ±
8
81
x – 5 = 41
2
  4 16
= 2, –0.25
x – 5 = ± 41
4 16  (c) x = 1 ±1 – 4(–2)(5)
2(–2)
x = 2.851, –0.351
= 1 ±
41
(d) x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 –4
2 = –1.851, 1.351
4 2
4 2
– 5 =0
x + 4x +
2
   
2
–
2 2
(d) x = –4 ±16 – 4(2)(–3)
x2 + 4x + 22 – 22 – 5 = 0 2(2)
2
(x + 2)2 = 13 = –4 ±40
2 4
= 0.581, –2.581

x + 2 = ± 13
2
x = 0.550, –4.550 (e) x = 7 ±49 – 4(2)(4)
2(2)
(e) x2 – 5 x = 7 = 7 ±17
3 3 4
5 5
 2  2
2 2
– – = 2.781, 0.719
x2 – 5 x + 3 – 3 =7
3 2 2 3
5 5 5 (f ) 3x2 − 6x + 2 = 0
=7
2 2
x – x+ –
2
3    
6
– –
6 3
5 x = 6 ±36 – 4(3)(2)
= 7 + 25
2
 
x–
6 3 36
2(3)
= 6 ±12
x – 5 = ± 109
6 36  6
x = 2.573, –0.907 =1.577, 0.423

(g) x = –4 ±16 – 4(–1)(–1) (d) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots

2(–1)
=1+2= 9
2 5 10
= –4 ± 12
–2 Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
= 0.268, 3.732
= 1 2 =1
  
2 5 5
3. (a) (2x – 1)(x + 3) = 20
2x2 + 5x – 23 =0 ∴ x2 – 9 x + 1 = 0
10 5
x2 + 5 x – 23 =0
2 2 10x – 9x + 2 = 0
2
5 2 5 2
2 2  2  2
x2 + 5 x + 2 – 2 – 23

2 2
=0
(e) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots
= 1 +2= 9
5 5 2
5 2
23 4 4
x2 + x +
2 4
–   
4
–
2
=0
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
5 2
= 209
x+ 4  16 = 1 (2) = 1
4   2
5
x+ =±
4
209
16  ∴ x2 – 9 x + 1 = 0
4 2
x = 2.364, –4.864
4x – 9x + 2 = 0
2
Maka, / Thus, x = 2.364
(b) 1 (2x)(2x + 1) = 20
5. (a) (i) a = 6, b = 2, c = –1
2
2x2 + x – 20 = 0 α + β = – b = – 2 = – 1
a 6 3
c 1
x = –1 ±1 – 4(2)(–20) αβ = = –
a 6
2(2)
Hasil tambah punca:
= –1 ±161
Sum of roots:
4
1+1
= 2.922, –3.422 α β
Maka, / Thus, x = 2.922
= α+β
αβ
4. (a) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots
= 4 + (–6) = –2 –1
= 3
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots –1
= (4)(–6) = –24 6
=2
∴ x2 + 2x – 24 = 0
Hasil darab punca:
(b) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots Product of roots:
= (–3) + (–5) = –8 1 × 1 = 1 = –6
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots α β αβ
= (–3)(–5) = 15 ∴ x2 – 2x – 6 = 0
∴ x2 + 8x + 15 = 0
(ii) Hasil tambah punca:
(c) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots Sum of roots:
= –2 + 1 = – 5 (2α + 1) + (2β + 1)
3 3 = 2(α + β) + 2
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
=2–1 +2
 
= (–2) 1 = – 2
  3
3 3 =4
3
∴ x2 + 5 x – 2 = 0
3 3
3x + 5x – 2 = 0
2

Hasil darab punca: (c) 2x2 – 5x + 3  3 y

Product of roots: 2x2 – 5x  0
(2α + 1)(2β + 1) x(2x – 5)  0
x
= 4αβ + 2(α + β) + 1 0
Apabila / When – 5
=4–1 +2–1 +1
2
   
6 3
x(2x – 5) = 0
1 x = 0, x = 5
=– 2
3
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah 0  x  5 .
∴ x2 – 4 x – 1 = 0 2
3 3 Thus, the range of values of x is 0  x 
5
.
3x2 – 4x – 1 = 0 2
(iii) Hasil tambah punca: (d) 3x2 – 7x – 5 + 2x + 3  0 y

Sum of roots: 3x2 – 5x – 2  0
= 2α2 + 2β2 (3x + 1)(x – 2)  0 + +
= 2(α2 + β2) 1 0
x
Apabila / When –
3
2
= 2[(α + β)2 – 2αβ] –2
(3x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
=2 –1 –2–1
2
 
3 6  x = – 1, x = 2
3
=8 Tip Penting Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah x  – 1 atau
9 3
α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 − 2αβ x  2.
1
Hasil darab punca: Thus, the range of values of x is x  –
3
or x  2.
Product of roots:
= 2α2(2β2) Jenis-jenis Punca Persamaan Kuadratik
= 4(αβ)2 PBD 2. 2 Types of Roots of Quadratic Equations
FORMATIF
=4–1
2
 
6
7. (a) x2 = 2x – 10
1 x2 – 2x + 10 = 0
=
9 b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(1)(10)
∴ x2 – 8 x + 1 = 0 = –36  0
9 9
Tidak mempunyai punca nyata.
9x2 – 8x + 1 = 0 Has no real roots.
6. (a) (2x – 3)(x + 1)  3 y (b) b2 – 4ac = (–12)2 – 4(9)(4)

=0
Apabila / When + +
x
(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0 –1 0 3 Mempunyai dua punca nyata dan sama.
2 Has two equal real roots.
x = 3 , x = –1 –3
2
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah x  −1 atau 8. (a) 4x2 + px = –p
x  3. 4x2 + px + p = 0
2
3 b2 – 4ac  0
Thus, the range of values of x is x  −1 or x  .
2 p2 – 4(4)(p)  0
p2 – 16p  0
(b) 4x2 – x  0 y p(p – 16)  0 + – +
x(4x – 1)  0 p
∴ 0  p  16 0 16
Apabila / When x
x(4x – 1) = 0,
0
– 1 (b) x2 + x = px – 4
4
x2 + x – px + 4 = 0
x = 0, x = 1
4 x + (1 – p)x + 4 = 0
2
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah 0  x  1 . b2 – 4ac  0

4 (1 – p) – 4(1)(4)  0
2
1
Thus, the range of values of x is 0  x 
4
. p2 –2p – 15  0
(p + 3)(p – 5)  0 + – +
p
∴ p  –3 atau / or p  5 –3 5

(c) b2 – 4ac = 0 (c) b2 – 4ac =0

(1 + 2m) – 4(m)(m – 1) = 0
2 [−(4 + 2r)] − 4(1)(10r − 1)
2
=0
1 + 4m + 4m2 – 4m2 + 4m = 0 16 + 16r + 4r2 − 40r + 4 =0
8m = –1 4r2 − 24r + 20 =0
r2 − 6r + 5 =0
m=–1
8 (r − 1)(r − 5) =0
r = 1 atau / or r =5
Fungsi Kuadratik
PBD 2 .3 Quadratic Functions
FORMATIF
12. Paksi
10. (a) b – 4ac 2 Pintasan-x Pintasan-y Verteks simetri
x-intercept y-intercept Vertex Axis of
= (–4)2 – 4(1)(4)
x symmetry
=0
(a) 4, 6 24 (5, –1) x=5
Dua punca nyata dan sama
Two real and equal roots
(b) – 3 , 1 3 – 14 , 258  x = – 1
(b) b2 – 4ac 2 4
x
= (–3)2 – 4(–4)(8)
= 137  0 (c) –3, 1 6 (–1, 8) x = –1
Dua punca nyata dan berbeza (d) –4, 5 –20  12 , – 814  x= 1

Two real and different roots 2
(c) b2 – 4ac (e) –1, 3 –3 (1, –4) x=1
x
= 62 – 4(2)(–1)
= 44 > 0 (f ) –1, –7 –7 (–4, 9) x = –4
Dua punca nyata dan berbeza
Two real and different roots 13. (a) f(x) = –(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4
= –x2 – 2x + 3 → Bentuk am / General form
(d) b2 – 4ac x
= –(x2 + 2x – 3)
= 82 − 4(−1)(−16)
= –(x – 1)(x + 3) → Bentuk pintasan
=0 Intercept form
Dua punca nyata dan sama
Two real and equal roots

(b) f(x) = 2 x2 – 3 x + 9 – 49
2 16 8

(e) b – 4ac
2
= (−1)2 − 4(1)(5) = 2x2 – 3x + 9 – 49

= −19 < 0 x 8 8
= 2x2 – 3x – 5 → Bentuk am / General form
Tiada punca nyata = (2x – 5)(x + 1)
No real roots

 2

= 2 x – 5 (x + 1) → Bentuk pintasan
Intercept form
11. (a) x2 + (p – 2)x + 9 = 0
b2 – 4ac = 0
(p – 2) – 4(1)(9) = 0
2 
(c) f(x) = 3 x2 – x + 1 – 27
4 4

p2 – 4p + 4 – 36 = 0 3 27
p2 – 4p – 32 = 0 = 3x2 – 3x + –
4 4
(p – 8)(p + 4) = 0 = 3x2 – 3x – 6 → Bentuk am / General form
p = –4 atau / or p = 8 = 3(x + 1)(x – 2) → Bentuk pintasan
Intercept form
(b) b2 – 4ac  0
22 – 4q2  0 14. (a) f(x) = x2 + 2x + 8x + 16
4q2  4 = x2 + 10x + 16
q2  1
= x2 + 10x + 10 – 10 + 16
2 2
q  –1 atau / or q  1 2 2    
= x2 + 10x + 52 – 52 + 16
= (x + 5)2 – 9
Verteks / Vertex : (–5, –9)
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = –5

(b) f(x) = –(x2 + 8x – 6) (iii) f(x)
= – x2 + 8x + 8 – 8 – 6
2 2
3     4
(–1, 10)
2 2 (–1, 8)
= –(x2 + 8x + 42 – 42 – 6) 6
f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8
= –(x + 4)2 + 22
x
Verteks / Vertex : (–4, 22) –3 0 1
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = –4

(c) f(x) = 3 x2 – 6x + 4
  (b) (i) f(x)
3 f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
= 3 x – 6x + – 6 – – 6 + 4
2 2
3
2
2 2    
3 4 8
4

= 3 x – 6x + (–3) – (–3) +
2 2 2
3  (–2, 4)
= 3(x – 3)2 – 23 x
0
Verteks / Vertex : (3, –23)
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = 3 (ii) f(x)
f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
(d) f(x) = x + 4x + 4 – 8x – 2
2
= x2 – 4x + 2 8
= x2 – 4x + – 4 – – 4 + 2
2 2
2    
2 (–2, 4) (1, 4)
= x2 – 4x + (–2)2 – (–2)2 + 2 x
0
= (x – 2)2 – 2
Verteks / Vertex : (2, –2) (iii) f(x)
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = 2 f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
8
(e) f(x) = –2 x2 + 5 x – 3
 
2 2
(–2, 4)
5 5
3  2  2 4
2 2 (–2, 2)
x
= –2 x2 + 5 x + – 2 2 –3 0
2 2 2 2
2 2

= –2 x2 + 5 x + 5 – 5
2 4 4     –3
2
 (c) (i) f(x)
(2, 5)
2
5 49

= –2 x +
4
+
8  0 0.7 3.3
x
Verteks / Vertex : – 5 , 49   –7
4 8
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = – 5 f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5
4
15. (a) (i) f(x)
(ii) f(x)
(–1, 8)
(–3, 5) (2, 5)
6
f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8 x
0 0.7 3.3
x
–3 0 1
–7
f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5
(ii) f(x)
(iii) f(x)
(–3, 8) (–1, 8)
(2, 5)
6 f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8
x
0 0.7 3.3
x
–3 0 1
2, –2
–7
f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5

16. (a) a = 2  0, titik minimum / minimum point Pintasan-x pada dua titik berbeza
x-intercepts at two different points
b2 – 4ac = 82 – 4(2)(11)
= –24  0 x = –(–2) ± 
12
Tiada pintasan-x / No x-intercept 2(–1)
= −2.73 atau / or 0.73
f(x) = 2 x2 + 4x + 11
 
2 f(0) = 3 –(0 + 1)2
= 2 x + 4x + 4 – 4 + 11
2 2
2
3 2    
2 2 4 = 2
f(x)
11

= 2 x + 4x + 2 – 2 +
2 2 2
2  (–1, 3)
= 2(x + 2)2 + 3 2
Titik minimum: (–2, 3)
Minimum point
x
f(0) = 2(0)2 + 8(0) + 11 –2.73 0 0.73
= 11 f(x) = 3 – (x + 1)2
f(x)
17. (a) y = –3(x + h)2 + k
f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 11
Titik maksimum / Maximum point
11 (–h, k) = (2, 8)
h = –2, k = 8
y = k – 3(x + h)2
= k – 3(x2 + 2hx + h2)
(–2, 3)
x = k – 3x2 – 6hx – 3h2
0
= –3x2 – 6hx – 3h2 + k
(b) a = –1  0, titik maksimum / maximum point p = −3h2 + k
f(x) = –x2 – 2x + 8 = −3(−2)2 + 8
b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(–1)(8) = −4
= 36  0 Maka, / Thus,
Pintasan-x pada dua titik berbeza h = −2 , k = 8, p = −4
x-intercepts at two different points (b) (i) Apabila / When t = 0
f(x) = –(x2 + 2x – 8) g(0) = −16(0)2 + 64(0) + 80
= – x2 + 2x + 2 – 2 – 8
2 2
3 2    
2 4 = 80
Maka, tinggi bukit itu ialah 80 m.
= –(x2 + 2x + 12 – 12 – 8) Thus, the height of the hill is 80 m.
= –(x + 1)2 + 9
(ii) g(t) = −16t2 + 64t + 80
Titik maksimum / Maximum point : (–1, 9) = −16(t2 − 4t − 5)
f(x) = 0
= –16 t2 – 4t + – 4 – – 4 – 5
2 2
–(x – 2)(x + 4) = 0 3 2 2     4
x = 2, x = –4 = −16[t2 − 4t + (−2)2 − (−2)2 − 5]
f(0) = –(0 – 2)(0 + 4) = −16[(t − 2)2 − 9]
=8 = −16(t − 2)2 + 144
f(x) Titik maksimum = (2, 144)
Maximum point
(–1, 9)
Maka, roket itu meletup pada tinggi
8 144 m selepas 2 saat dilancarkan.
Thus, the rocket explodes at the height of 144 m after
2 seconds launched.
x
–4 0 2 (iii) Apabila / When g(t) = 0,
f(x) = –(x – 2)(x + 4) −16t2 + 64t + 80 = 0
−16(t2 − 4t − 5) = 0
(c) a = –1  0,
−16(t + 1)(t − 5) = 0
titik maksimum / maximum point (–1, 3) t = −1, t = 5
f(x) = –x2 – 2x + 2 Maka, roket itu sampai di permukaan laut
b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(–1)(2) selepas 5 saat.
= 12  0 Thus, the rocket reach the sea surface after 5 seconds.

(c) (i) r = (t + 10)2 − 2(t + 4)2 = − 5 [x2 − 12x + (−6)2 − (−6)2]
= t2 + 20t + 100 − 2(t2 + 8t + 16) 12
= t2 + 20t + 100 − 2t2 – 16t − 32 = − 5 (x − 6)2 + 15
= −t2 + 4t + 68 12
Apabila / When r = 40, Nilai x maksimum ialah 6.
−t2 + 4t + 68 = 40 The maximum value of x is 6.
t2 – 4t − 28 = 0 y = 5 − 5 (6) = 2.5
12
(ii) b2 − 4ac = 42 − 4(−1)(68)
Maka, x = 6 dan y = 2.5.
= 288  0 Thus, x = 6 and y = 2.5.
Fungsi model ini mempunyai dua punca
nyata dan berbeza.
The function of the model has two real and different PRAKTIS SUMATIF 2
roots.
KERTAS 1
(iii) r(t) = −t2 + 4t + 68
= −(t2 − 4t − 68) 1. (a) Punca-punca / Roots: a, –a
= – t2 – 4t + – 4 – – 4 – 68 a = 4m + 5, b = 2m − 4, c = −m + 3
2 2
3 2    
2 4
= −(t2 − 4t + (–2)2 − (–2)2 − 68) SOR = – b
a
= −(t − 2)2 + 72
a + (–a) = – 2m – 4
Titik maksimum / Maximum point: (2, 72) 4m + 5
r(t) = 0 0 = – 2m – 4
–t + 4t + 68 = 0
2
4m + 5
t = 4 –  288
2
0 = –2m + 4
2(–1) 2m = 4
t = –6.5, 10.5 m = 2
r(t)
(2, 72) (b) Punca-punca / Roots: a, 1
a
68
a = 4m + 5, b = 2m − 4, c = −m + 3
POR = c
t
a
0 10.5
a 1 = –m + 3
1 2
a 4m + 5
18. (a) PS = 5 − y, UQ = 12 − x
1 = –m + 3
Luas PST + luas STUR + luas TQU = luas PQR 4m + 5
Area of PST + area of STUR + area of TQU = area of PQR 4m + 5 = –m + 3
2 1 (5 − y)(x) + xy + 1 (y)(12 − x) = 1 (5)(12)
  5m = –2
2 2 2
5x − xy + 2xy + 12y − xy = 60 m = – 2
5
5x + 12y = 60
12y = 60 − 5x
2. (a) Menggunakan / Using (–1, 0)
y=5− 5 x y = −2(x − 1)2 − a
12
0 = −2(−1 − 1)2 − a
(b) Katakan A(x) ialah luas segi empat tepat.
Let A(x) is the area of the rectangle. 0 = −2(−2)2 − a
A(x) = xy 0 = −8 − a
a = −8
=x5– 5 x
 
12 y = − (x + b)2 − (a + 4)
5
= 5x – x2 0 = − (−1 + b)2 − (−8 + 4)
12
5 0 = − (−1 + b)2 + 4
= − (x2 − 12x) (b − 1)2 =4
12
b − 1 = ±2
= − 5 x2 – 12x + – 12 – – 12
2 2
12 3 2  2   4 b = 3, b = −1
Maka, / Thus, a = −8, b = −1

(b) y = −2(x − 1)2 − (−8) (b) (i) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots
y = −2(x − 1)2 + 8 α + β = −(r − 8) = 8 − r
Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (1, 8) Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
y = −(x + b)2 − (a + 4) αβ = 1 − s
y = −(x − 1)2 − (−8 + 4)
(ii) 1 + 1 = p − 2
y = −(x − 1)2 + 4 α β
Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (1, 4)
+ α = p − 2
β
αβ
3. (a) f(x) = –8 + hx – x2
− r = p − 2
8
= –x2 + hx – 8 1−s
= –(x2 – hx) – 8
p = 8 − r + 2
= – x2 – hx + –h – –h – 8 1−s
2 2
3 2 1 2 1 24
2
h 2 h 2   
1 1 = −p
= – x – 31 2
– 2
4
–84 α β
1 = −p
f(x) = – x – h + h – 8
2 2
1 2 42 1
αβ
= −p
Bandingkan dengan / Compare with 1−s
f(x)= –(x – k)2 + 1 p = − 1
h2 – 8 = 1 1−s

4 8 − r +2=− 1
h2 = 36 1−s 1−s
h = ±6 8 − r + 2(1 − s) = −1
h > 0, maka / thus h = 6 8 − r + 2 − 2s = −1
h =k r = 11 − 2s

2
k= 6 5. (a) px2 + 4(p + q)x + 4p + r = 0
2
k =3 a = p, b = 4p + 4q, c = 4p + r
\ h = 6, k = 3 b2 – 4ac = 0
(b) f(x) = –(x – k)2 + 1 (4p + 4q) – 4(p)(4p + r) = 0
2
f(x) = –(x – 3)2 + 1 16p2 + 32pq + 16q2 – 16p2 – 4pr = 0

Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (3, 1) 32pq + 16q2 – 4pr = 0
8pq + 4q2 – pr = 0
(c) f(x) = –x2 + 6x – 8 4q2 = pr – 8pq
f(x) . 0 4q2 = p(r – 8q)
–x + 6x – 8 . 0 p = 4q
2 2

x2 – 6x + 8 , 0 r – 8q
(x – 2)(x – 4) , 0
But / Let (x – 2)(x – 4) = 0 (b) x2 + 3(1 – p)x – 9p = 0
x = 2 atau / or x = 4 a = 1, b = 3 – 3p, c = –9p
b2 – 4ac = (3 – 3p)2 – 4(1)(–9p)
+ 2 – 4 +
x = 9 – 18p + 9p2 + 36p
= 9p2 + 18p + 9
\ 2,x,4 = 9(p2 + 2p + 1)
= 9(p + 1)2
4. (a) 12 + x − x2  0 9(p + 1)2 > 0 bagi semua nilai nyata p.
x2 − x − 12  0 Maka, b2 − 4ac > 0 bagi semua nilai nyata p.
y
(x − 4)(x + 3)  0 x2 + 3(1 − p)x − 9p = 0 mempunyai punca
Apabila / When nyata untuk semua nilai nyata p.
x
–3 0 (–) 4 9(p + 1)2 > 0 for all real values of p.
(x − 4)(x + 3) = 0, Thus, b2 − 4ac > 0 for all real values of p.
x = 4, x = −3 x2 + 3(1 − p)x − 9p = 0 has real roots for all real values
Maka, / Thus, −3  x  4 of p.

3. Lebar / Width = x, Panjang / Length = 150 − 2x

KERTAS 2
Luas / Area
1. (a) 4x2 + tx + 5 = 0 A = x(150 − 2x)
a = 4, b = t, c = 5 = 150x − 2x2
b2 – 4ac > 0 = −2(x2 − 75x)
t2 – 4(4)(5) > 0
   − − 752  
= −2 x2 − 75x + − 75
2 2
t2 – 80 > 0
2
Biar / Let
= −2x − 75  + 5 625
2
t2 – 80 = 0

2 2
t2 = 80 + –4 5 – 4 5 +
t
t = ±4√5 Titik maksimum / Maximum point
\ t = –4√5 
= 75 , 5 625
2 2 
(b) y = 2tx2 + 16x + 20 – 2t x = 75 = 37.5
a = 2t, b = 16, c = 20 – 2t 2
b2 − 4ac  0 Luas maksimum / Maximum area
(16) − 4(2t)(20 – 2t)  0
2
256 – 8t(20 – 2t)  0 = 5 625 = 2 812.5 m2

2
256 – 160t + 16t2  0
16t2 – 160t + 256  0
t2 – 10t + 16  0
Biar / Let t2 – 10t + 16 = 0 APLIKASI KBAT
(t – 2)(t – 8) = 0
t = 2 atau / or t = 8
1. m2x2 – mx = 2x – 1
m x – mx – 2x + 1 = 0
2 2
t
m2x2 – (m + 2)x + 1 = 0
+ 2 – 8 +
Punca-punca yang nyata / Real roots
\ 2,t,8 b2 − 4ac  0
(m + 2) − 4(m2)(1)  0
2
2. g(x) = 12 + 6x – 2x2 m2 + 4m + 4 − 4m2  0
4 , g(x) , 12 −3m2 + 4m + 4  0 m
g(x)  4 3m2 − 4m – 4  0 –2
3
2
12 + 6x – 2x2  4 (3m + 2)(m − 2)  0

–2x2 + 6x + 8  0
2x2 – 6x – 8 , 0 ∴−2 m2
x2 – 3x – 4 , 0 3
(x + 1)(x – 4) , 0
2. (a) f(x) = x2 − 4kx + 5k2 + 1
Biar / Let (x + 1)(x – 4) = 0 = (x − 2k)2 + k2 + 1
x = –1 atau / or x = 4
k2 + 1 = r2 + 2k

dan / and
r2 = k2 − 2k + 1
g(x) , 12
= (k − 1)(k − 1)
12 + 6x – 2x2 , 12
r2 =(k − 1)2
2x2 – 6x . 0
r = k − 1
x2 – 3x . 0
x(x – 3) . 0
(b) r2 − 1 = 2k Apabila / When k = 0,
Biar / Let x(x – 3) = 0 (k − 1)2 − 1 = 2k r=0−1
x = 0 atau / or x = 3 k2 − 2k + 1 − 1 = 2k = −1
k2 − 2k − 2k = 0
Apabila / When k = 4,
k2 − 4k = 0
x r=4−1
–1 0 3 4 k(k − 4) = 0
=3
k = 0, k = 4
\ –1 , x , 0 atau / or 3 , x , 4

AWAPAN Bab 3
Sistem Persamaan Linear dalam Tiga Pemboleh Ubah Gantikan x = 5 dan z = 9 ke dalam d
PBD 3.1 Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables Substitute x = 5 and z = 9 into d
FORMATIF
y = 29 − 2(5) − 9
1. (a) Katakan / Let = 10
x = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik ∴ x = 5, y = 10, z = 9
pertama
the number of hours of the first technician
(b) 4x − 4y = 12 .........................
y = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik −9x + 9y − 4z = 5 ...............b
kedua 9x − 6y − z = −13 ...............c
the number of hours of the second technician
z = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik Daripada c / From c, z = 9x − 6y + 13 .........d
ketiga Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b
the number of hours of the third technician
−9x + 9y − 4(9x − 6y + 13) = 5
x + y + z = 200 −9x + 9y − 36x + 24y − 52 = 5
x−y=8 −45x + 33y = 57
y − z = 15 −15x + 11y = 19
y = 15x + 19 ........e
(b) Katakan / Let 11
x = harga sebatang pensel Gantikan e ke dalam a / Substitute e into a
the price of a pencil
y = harga sebatang pen 4x − 4 15x + 19 = 12
 
11
the price of a pen 44x − 60x − 76 = 132
z = harga sebiji pemadam −16x = 208
the price of an eraser
x = −13
x + 3y + z = 7.2 Gantikan x = –13 ke dalam e
4x + 2y + z = 6.3 Substitute x = –13 into e
2x + y + 3z = 6.9
y = 15(−13) + 19
11
2. (a) 2x + y + z = 29 ................ = −16
3y + 2z = 48 .....................b Gantikan x = –13 dan y = –16 ke dalam d
4x − 2y + 3z = 27 ............c Substitute x = –13 and y = –16 into d
z = 9(−13) − 6(−16) + 13
Daripada  / From , y = 29 − 2x − z ...........d
= −8
Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b ∴ x = –13, y = –16, z = –8
3(29 − 2x − z) + 2z = 48
87 − 6x − 3z + 2z = 48
(c) 2x + 5y + 8z = −27 .........................
87 − 6x − z = 48
−2x + 6y + 4z = −1 ........................b
z = 39 − 6x ................e
4x + y − z = 12 ................................c
Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c
Substitute d and e into c Daripada a / From a, 2x = −5y − 8z − 27......d
4x − 2[29 − 2x − (39 − 6x)] + 3(39 − 6x) = 27 Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b
4x − 58 + 4x + 78 − 12x + 117 − 18x = 27 −(−5y − 8z − 27) + 6y + 4z = −1
−22x = −110 11y + 12z = −28
x=5 y = −12z − 28 ......e
Gantikan x = 5 ke dalam e 11
Substitute x = 5 into e
z = 39 − 6(5)
=9

Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c Gantikan x = 15 ke dalam g

Substitute d and e into c Substitute x = 15 into g
2 −5 −12z − 28 − 8z − 27 + −12z − 28 − z = 12
      2(15) − 4y = −6
11 11 30 − 4y = −6
120z + 280 − 176z − 594 − 12z − 28 − 11z = 132 y=9
−79z = 474
Gantikan x = 15 dan y = 9 ke dalam c
z = −6 Substitute x = 15 and y = 9 into c
Gantikan z = –6 ke dalam e / Substitute z = –6 into e 2(15) − 3(9) + z = 15
y = −12(−6) − 28 3 + z = 15
11 z = 12
=4
∴ x = 15, y = 9, z = 12
Gantikan y = 4 dan z = –6 ke dalam d
Substitute y = 4 and z = –6 into d (c) 3x − 2y + 5z = −3 ...............
2x = −5(4) − 8(−6) − 27 5x + 4y − 2z = 8 ..................b
= 1 7x − 6y + 3z = −41 .............c
x=1  × 2: 6x − 4y + 10z = −6............d
2
d + b: 11x + 8z = 2 .....................e
∴ x = 1 , y = 4, z = –6  × 3: 9x − 6y + 15z = −9............f
2
f − c: 2x + 12z = 32 ...................g
3. (a) 4x − 4y + 7z = −1 .............. a e × 2: 22x + 16z = 4 .....................h
−5x + 2y − z = −10 ........... b g × 11: 22x + 132z = 352 ...........i
−9x + 4y − 5z = −10 ......... c i − h: 116z = 348
z=3
b × 2: −10x + 4y − 2z = −20 ...... d Gantikan z = 3 ke dalam g
a + d: −6x + 5z = −21 ............... e Substitute z = 3 into g
a + c: −5x + 2z = −11 ............... f 2x + 12(3) = 32
x = −2
e × 5: −30x + 25z = −105 .......... g
f × 6: −30x + 12z = −66 ............ h Gantikan x = –2 dan z = 3 ke dalam b
Substitute x = –2 and z = 3 into b
g − h: 13z = −39
5(−2) + 4y − 2(3) = 8
z = −3
4y − 16 = 8
Gantikan z = –3 ke dalam e y=6
Substitute z = –3 into e
∴ x = −2, y = 6, z = 3
−6x + 5(−3) = −21
−6x − 15 = −21 4. (a) x + 2y + 3z = 16 ......................
x=1 2x + 3y + 2z = 78 ....................b
4x + 7y + 8z = 202 .................c
Gantikan x = 1 dan z = –3 ke dalam a
Substitute x = 1 and z = –3 into a  × 2: 2x + 4y + 6z = 32 .................d
4(1) − 4y + 7(−3) = −1 d − b: y + 4z = −46 ..........................e
−4y − 17 = −1 b × 2: 4x + 6y + 4z = 156 .................f
y = −4 c − f: y + 4z = 46 .............................g
∴ x = 1, y = −4, z = −3 e − g: 0 = −92
(b) 7x + 8y − 4z = 129............. Maka, sistem persamaan linear ini tidak
8x − 11y + 5z = 81.............b mempunyai penyelesaian.
Thus, this system of linear equations has no solution.
2x − 3y + z = 15 .................c
(b) −2x + y + 3z = 5 ......................
c × −4: −8x + 12y − 4z = −60.......d 2x + y + z = 2 ...........................b
 − d: 15x − 4y = 189....................e 2x + 3y + 5z = 9 ......................c
c × 5: 10x − 15y + 5z = 75.............f a + b: 2y + 4z = 7 ......................d
f − b: 2x − 4y = −6........................g c − b: 2y + 4z = 7 ......................e
d − e: 0 = 0
e − g: 13x = 195
x = 15 Maka, sistem persamaan linear ini mempunyai
penyelesaian tak terhingga.
Thus, this system of linear equations has infinite solutions.

5. (a) Katakan / Let Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam (4)

p = bilangan kek P / the number of cake P Substitute y = 3 000 into d
q = bilangan kek Q / the number of cake Q z = 14 000 − 3(3 000)
r = bilangan kek R / the number of cake R = 5 000
0.2p + 0.4q + 0.3r = 30 ................. Jumlah wang yang disimpan dalam bank
0.3p + 0.4q + 0.4r = 40 .................b X ialah RM6 000, bank Y ialah RM3 000 dan
0.5p + 0.2q + 0.3r = 35 .................c bank Z ialah RM5 000.
The amount of money saved in bank X is RM6 000, in bank
b − a: 0.1p + 0.1r = 10 Y is RM3 000 and in bank Z is RM5 000.
p + r = 100 ....................d
c × 2: p + 0.4q + 0.6r = 70 ..................e Persamaan Serentak yang Melibatkan Satu
PBD 3.2 Persamaan Linear dan Satu Persamaan Tak Linear
e − b: 0.7p + 0.2r = 30 FORMATIF
Simultaneous Equations Involving One Linear Equation
and One Non-Linear Equation
7p + 2r = 300 ...............f
d × 2: 2p + 2r = 200 .............................g 6. (a) 2x + y = 7 .............................
f − g: 5p = 100 4y − 3x − xy = 0 .................b
p = 20 Dari  / From : y = 7 − 2x .................c
Gantikan p = 20 ke dalam d Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b
Substitute p = 20 into d 4(7 − 2x) − 3x − x(7 − 2x) = 0
20 + r = 100 28 − 8x − 3x − 7x + 2x2 = 0
r = 80 2x2 − 18x + 28 = 0
Gantikan p = 20 dan r = 80 ke dalam  x2 − 9x + 14 = 0
Substitute p = 20 and r = 80 into  (x − 7)(x − 2) = 0
0.2(20) + 0.4q + 0.3(80) = 30 x = 7, x = 2
q=5 Gantikan x = 7 ke dalam c
Bilangan kek yang boleh dibuat ialah 20 biji Substitute x = 7 into c
kek P, 5 biji kek Q dan 80 biji kek R. y = 7 − 2(7)
The number of cakes that can be made of cake P is 20, cake = −7
Q is 5 and cake R is 80.
Gantikan x = 2 ke dalam c
(b) Katakan / Let Substitute x = 2 into c
x = jumlah simpanan dalam bank X y = 7 − 2(2)
savings amount in bank X =3
y = jumlah simpanan dalam bank Y Maka, x = 7, y = –7 dan x = 2, y = 3.
savings amount in bank Y Thus, x = 7, y = –7 and x = 2, y = 3.
z = jumlah simpanan dalam bank Z
savings amount in bank Z (b) 2x − y = 1 ..............................
9x2 − 2y2 + 9 = 0 .................b
x = 2y ............................................................
Dari  / From : y = 2x − 1 .................c
x + y + z = 14 000 .....................................b
0.03x + 0.05y + 0.045z = 555 ...............c Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b
9x2 − 2(2x − 1)2 + 9 = 0
Gantikan  ke dalam b / Substitute  into b 9x − 2(4x2 − 4x + 1) + 9 = 0
2
2y + y + z = 14 000 9x2 − 8x2 + 8x − 2 + 9 = 0

3y + z = 14 000 x2 + 8x + 7 = 0
z = 14 000 − 3y ...............d (x + 1)(x + 7) = 0
Gantikan  dan d ke dalam c x = −1, x = −7
Substitute  and d into c
Gantikan x = −1 ke dalam c
0.03(2y) + 0.05y + 0.045(14 000 − 3y) = 555 Substitute x = −1 into c
0.06y + 0.05y + 630 − 0.135y = 555 y = 2(−1) − 1
−0.025y = −75 = −3
y = 3 000
Gantikan x = −7 ke dalam c
Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam  Substitute x = −7 into c
Substitute y = 3 000 into  y = 2(−7) − 1
x = 2(3 000) = −15
= 6 000
Maka, x = −1, y = −3 dan x = −7, y = −15.
Thus, x = −1, y = −3 and x = −7, y = −15.

(c) x2 − 6x + y2 + 4y = 67 ............a 7. (a)

4y − 3x = 23 .............................b Bagi / For y − 2x = 6
y = 2x + 6
Dari b / From b: y = 3x + 23 ............c
4 x 0 –2
Gantikan c ke dalam a / Substitute c into a y 6 2
x2 − 6x + 3x + 23 + 4 3x + 23 = 67
2
4  4   Bagi / For xy = 8
3x + 23 2 8
x − 3x +
2
4  
– 44 = 0 y=
x
16x2 − 48x + (3x + 23)2 − 704 = 0 x –16 –8 –2 –1 1 2 8 16
16x − 48x + 9x2 + 138x + 529 − 704 = 0
2
y –0.5 –1 –4 –8 8 4 1 0.5
25x2 + 90x − 175 = 0
5x2 + 18x − 35 = 0 y
(5x − 7)(x + 5) = 0
x = 7 , x = −5 10
5 (1, 8)
Apabila / When x = 7 5
5
7 y – 2x = 6 xy = 8
3
5  
+ 23 x
y= = 34 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15
4 5 (–4, –2)
Apabila / When x = −5 –5
y = 3(−5) + 23 = 2
4 –10
Maka, x = 7 , y = 34 dan x = −5, y = 2.

5 5
7 34
Thus, x =
5
,y=
5
and x = −5, y = 2. Maka, penyelesaiannya ialah (−4, −2) dan (1, 8).
Thus, the solutions are (−4, −2) and (1, 8).
(d) 2x − 3y = 3 ...............a
8. (a) 2p + q = 6 ..........a
4x2 − 9y2 = 3 ............b
pq = 4 ..................b
4
Dari  / From : Dari b / From b: q = ...........c
p
x = 3y + 3 ...............c Gantikan c ke dalam a / Substitute c into a
2 4
2p + = 6
Ganti c ke dalam b / Substitute c into  p
2p2 + 4 = 6p
4 3y + 3 − 9y2
 
2
=3 2p − 6p + 4 = 0
2
2
(3y + 3)2 − 9y2 =3 p2 − 3p + 2 = 0
9y2 + 18y + 9 − 9y2 =3 (p − 2)(p − 1) = 0
18y = −6 p = 2, p = 1
Gantikan p = 2 dan p = 1 ke dalam c
y =− 1 Substitute p = 2 and p = 1 into c
3
4 4
q= , q=
Gantikan y = − 1 ke dalam c 2 1
3 = 2 = 4
1
Substitute y = − into c Oleh kerana hiasan Kolam berbentuk segi
3
empat tepat, maka p = 1 dan q = 4.
3 − 1 +3
  Since the Kolam design is in rectangular shape, then
3
x= =1 p = 1 and q = 4.
2
Maka, / Then, x = 1, y = − 1 .
3

9. (a) Persamaan garis MN 1 – 2: 2k = 2

Equation of line MN k=1
y=2 Dari / From 2:
Bagi semibulatan terowong kiri: 2h – 1 = 2
For the left-hand semicircular tunnel: 2h = 3
(x + 4)2 + 22 = 9 3
x2 + 8x + 16 + 4 − 9 = 0
h =
2
x2 + 8x + 11 = 0
−8 ± 
82 − 4(11) \ h = 3, k = 1
x= 2
2
= −1.76 atau / or −6.24
(b) 6ax + 3y − 7z = 4 …… 1
Maka, koordinat titik M(–1.76, 2) dan
2bx + 3y – 10z = 8 …… 2
N(1.76, 2).
Thus, the coordinates of point M(–1.76, 2) and N(1.76, 2). 5x – 3z = 6 …… 3
(b) Panjang sisi dinding MN 2 – 1: (2b – 6a)x – 3z = 4 …… 4

The length of side wall MN
Untuk memastikan tiada penyelesaian,
= 1.76 + 1.76 pekali bagi x daripada persamaan 4 sama
= 3.52 unit dengan pekali bagi x daripada persamaan
3.
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 3 To ensure that there is no solution, the coefficient of x from
equation 4 equals the coefficient of x from equation 3.
KERTAS 1 2b – 6a = 5
2b = 6a + 5
1. Kecerunan garis lurus / Gradient of the straight line 6a + 5
b =
5–0 2
= = –1
1–6
Menggunakan y = mx + c dan (6, 0) KERTAS 2
Using y = mx + c and (6, 0)
0 = −6 + c 1. −3x + 4y + z = 24 .................a
c=6 5x − 2y − 3z = −34 ...............b
Persamaan garis lurus / Equation of the straight line 4x − 4y − 5z = −50 ...............c
y = −x + 6 b × 2: 10x − 4y − 6z = −68 ...............d
x2 − 3x − y = 18 a + d = 7x − 5z = −44 .....................e
x2 − 3x − (−x + 6) = 18 a + c: x − 4z = −26 ..........................f
x2 − 3x + x − 6 − 18 = 0
f × 7: 7x − 28z = −182 .....................g
x2 − 2x − 24 = 0 e − g: 23z = 138
(x − 6)(x + 4) = 0 z=6
x = 6, x = −4
Gantikan z = 6 ke dalam f
Apabila x = –4 / When x = –4 Substitute z = 6 into f
y = −(−4) + 6 x − 4(6) = −26

= 10 x = −2
Maka, titik Q(–4, 10).
Thus, point Q(–4, 10).
Gantikan x = –2 dan z = 6 ke dalam a
Substitute x = –2 and z = 6 into a
−3(−2) + 4y + 6 = 24
2. (a) 6x – ky + 21 = 33 4y + 12 = 24
6(h) – k(–3) + 21 = 33 y=3
6h + 3k = 12
2h + k = 4 …… 1 ∴ x = −2, y = 3, z = 6
3y2 + 6x – 3k = 33
3(–3)2 + 6(h) – 3k = 33 2. h + 2k = 5 ...................a
27 + 6h – 3k = 33 k2 − 3h = 7 .................b
6h – 3k = 6
Dari a / From a: h = 5 – 2k .................c
2h – k = 2 …… 2

Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b 4. 2x + 2y = 16

k2 – 3(5 – 2k) = 7
x + y = 8 ............................................a
k2 + 6k – 22 = 0 2(y − 1) 3x − 7 − xy = 29 ................b
 
−6 ± 
62 – 4(1)(–22) 2
k=
2(1) Dari a / From a: y = 8 − x ................c
= 2.568 , –8.568 Gantikan c ke dalam b
Substitute c into b
ℎ = 5 − 2(2.568) , ℎ = 5 − 2(−8.568)
7
= –0.136 = 22.136 2(8 − x − 1) 3x −
2 
− x(8 − x) = 29 
49 − 3x2 7 x
∴ ℎ = −0.136, k = 2.568 dan / and 2 21x −2
+
2 
− 8x + x2 − 29 = 0
ℎ = 22.136, k = −8.568
2 –3x2 + 49 x – 49 − 8x + x2 − 29 = 0
 
2 2
3. √x = 2 – y …… 1 −5x2 + 41x − 78 = 0
8x + 2y = 25 …… 2
−41 ± 412 − 4(−5)(−78)
Dari / From 1: x=
2 (−5)
x = (2 – y)2 x = 3 atau / or x = 5.2
x = 4 – 4y + y2 …… 3
Apabila / When x = 3
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 2: y = 8 − 3
Substitute 3 into 2: = 5
8(4 – 4y + y2) + 2y = 25 Apabila / When x = 5.2
32 – 32y + 8y2 + 2y = 25 y = 8 − 5.2
8y2 – 30y + 7 = 0 = 2.8
(2y – 7)(4y – 1) = 0 Maka, / Thus, x = 3, y = 5
7 atau / 1 Luas kolam ikan ABCD / Area of the fish pond ABCD
y= or y =
2 4 =3×5
= 15 m2
Dari 3, apabila y = 7 ,
2
From 3, when y =
7
,
5. y2 = x2 + (4x – 4)2
2 = x2 + 16x2 – 32x + 16
7 7 2
= 17x2 – 32x + 16 …… 1
x=4–4
2
+ 2  2
2
9 x + 4x – 4 + y = 56
x=
4 5x + y = 60
y = 60 – 5x …… 2
1,
Apabila / When y =
4 Gantikan 2 ke dalam 1:
x=4–4 1 + 1
2 Substitute 2 into 1:
4  2  2
4 (60 – 5x)2 = 17x2 – 32x + 16
49 3 600 – 600x + 25x2 = 17x2 – 32x + 16
x=
16 8x2 – 568x + 3 584 = 0
9, y = 7 atau / 49 , y = 1 x2 – 71x + 448 = 0
x= or x = (x – 64)(x – 7) = 0
4 2 16 4
x = 64 atau / or x = 7
9 7 tidak memuaskan persamaan 1
x= ,y=
4 2 Apabila / When x = 64,
y = 60 – 5(64)
x = 49 , y = 1 memuaskan persamaan 1 dan 2 = –260
16 4
9 7 Apabila / When x = 7,
x= , y = do not satisfy equation 1
4 2 y = 60 – 5(7)
x=
49 1
, y = satisfy equations 1 and 2 = 25
16 4
Tetapi x . 0, y . 0, maka x = 7, y = 25
49 1 But x . 0, y . 0, then x = 7, y = 25
\ x= ,y=
16 4
Panjang sisi tanah ialah 7 m, 24 m dan 25 m.
The side lengths of the land are 7 m, 24 m and 25 m.

6. Biar bilangan tiket dewasa = x Gantikan x = 1 ke dalam 

bilangan tiket murid sekolah menengah = y Substitute x = 1 into 
bilangan tiket kanak-kanak = z 3(1) − 8 = −1
Let the number of adult tickets = x
y=
5
the number of secondary school student tickets = y
the number of child tickets = z Gantikan x = 2 ke dalam 
Substitute x = 2 into 
x + y + z = 310 …… 1
16x + 12y + 10z = 4 120 …… 2 3(2) − 8 = − 2
y=
y = 2z …… 3 5 5
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 1: x = 1, y = 1− dan / and x = 2, y = − 2

Substitute 3 into 1: 5
x + 2z + z = 310
8. Katakan / Let
x + 3z = 310 …… 4
harga sepeket pisang / the price of a packet of bananas
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 2: =x
Substitute 3 into 2:
harga sepeket epal / the price of a packet of apples = y
16x + 12(2z) + 10z = 4 120
harga sepeket oren / the price of a packet of oranges = z
16x + 24z + 10z = 4 120
16x + 34z = 4 120 …… 5 x + y + z = 20 …… 1
2x + y + 3z = 41 …… 2
Dari / From 4: x = 310 – 3z …… 6
3x + 2y + 2z = 46 …… 3
Gantikan 6 ke dalam 5:
Dari / From 1:
x = 20 – y – z …… 4
16(310 – 3z) + 34z = 4 120
4 960 – 48z + 34z = 4 120 Gantikan 4 ke dalam 2:
–14z = –840 Substitute 4 into 2:
z = 60 2(20 – y – z) + y + 3z = 41
40 – 2y – 2z + y + 3z = 41
Dari / From 6:
–y + z = 1 …… 5
x = 310 – 3(60)
= 130 Gantikan 4 ke dalam 3:
Dari / From 3:
3(20 – y – z) + 2y + 2z = 46
y = 2(60)
60 – 3y – 3z + 2y + 2z = 46
= 120
–y – z = –14 …… 6
\ x = 130, y = 120, z = 60
5 – 6: 2z = 15
7. 3x − 5y = 8 ...................a z = 7.50
3 − 1 = 4 ................... Dari / From 5:

x y –y + 7.50 = 1
3x − 8 ................ –y = –6.50
Dari a / From : y =
5 y = 6.50
 × xy: 3y − x = 4xy ................ Dari / From 4:
Gantikan  ke dalam  / Substitute  into  x = 20 – 6.50 – 7.50
x = 6.00
3  3x5− 8  − x = 4x 3x5− 8  \ Harga sepeket pisang RM6.00, sepeket epal
3(3x − 8) − 5x = 4x(3x − 8) RM6.50 dan sepeket oren RM7.50.
9x − 24 − 5x = 12x2 − 32x The prices of a packet of bananas RM6.00, a packet of apples
12x2 − 36x + 24 =0 RM6.50 and a packet of oranges RM7.50.
x2 − 3x + 2 =0
(x − 1)(x − 2) =0
x = 1, x =2

APLIKASI KBAT
1. Katakan garis lurus y = mx − 9 adalah tangen kepada lengkung itu.
Let straight line y = mx − 9 is the tangent to the curve.
x2 + 4x + 7 = mx − 9
x + 4x − mx + 7 + 9 = 0
2
x2 + (4 − m)x + 16 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 0
(4 − m)2 − 4(16) = 0
(4 − m)2 − 64 = 0
(4 − m)2 − 82 = 0
(4 − m − 8)(4 − m + 8) = 0
(−4 − m)(12 − m) = 0
m = −4, m = 12
Maka, dua persmaan garis lurus ialah y = −4x − 9 dan y = 12x − 9.
Thus, the equations of the two straight lines are y = −4x − 9 and y = 12x − 9.
2.
x + y + y − 3 = 36
x = 39 − 2y ............a
y2 = x2 + (y − 3)2 .........................b
Gantikan a ke dalam b / Substitute a into b
y2 = (39 − 2y)2 + (y − 3)2
y2 = 1 521 − 156y + 4y2 + y2 − 6x + 9
4y − 162y + 1 530 = 0
2
2y2 − 81y + 765 = 0

(2y − 51)(y − 15) = 0
y = 51, y = 15
2
Apabila / When y = 51
2
51
x = 39 − 2
2  
= −12 (tidak diterima/not accepted)
Apabila / When y = 15,
x = 39 − 2(15) = 9
Maka, panjang sisi-sisi segi tiga itu ialah 9 cm, 12 cm dan 15 cm.
Thus, the length of the sides of the triangle are 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm.

AWAPAN Bab 4
2
1 (b) 61−k = 1
4.1
Hukum Indeks 2. (a) 4y =
PBD
FORMATIF
Laws of Indices 8 2
61−k = 60
3 +9 2 =2
2y −3
(b) 4 – 16 1 − k2 = 0
n+2 n+2
1. (a) 2y = −3
3 4 k2 = 1
= (3 n
)(32) + 32 = (4n
)(42) – 42 y=− 3 k = ±1
3 4 2
= 3 (3 + 1) = 4 (4 – 1)
2 n 2 n
(c) 22z × 3z = 1 (d) 22x × 9x = 1
3 4 144 6
= 3(3n + 1) = 4(4n – 1)
(22)z × 3z = 144−1 (22)x × 9x = 6−1
12z = 12−2 36x = 6−1
(c) 25 ×2 5n (d) 9 × 3n
2n 1–n n 2n + 2
z = −2 62x = 6−1
(5 ) 27
2x = −1
= 5 ×2n5 = 3 × 3n 32n + 2
4n 1–n 2n
x=−1
5 3 2
= 54n + 1 – n – 2n = 32n + 2n + 2 – 3n
(e) 2t + 4 − 2t = 120
= 5n + 1 = 3n + 2
2t × 24 − 2t = 120
25 × 5n +1 1 – 2n
4x (y )
2 –1 –2 2t(24 − 1) = 120
(e) (f ) 2t(15) = 120
52 – n × 52n + 1 (–2x2)3(y–2)2
52n + 2 × 51 – 2n
= 2 – n 2n + 1 =
4x2 × y–1 × –2 2t = 120
5 ×5 –8x6 × y–4 15
52n + 2 + 1 – 2n x2y2 2t = 8
= 2 – n + 2n + 1 = – 6 –4 2t = 23
5 2x y
53 x2 – 6 y2 – (–4) t=3
= n+3 =–
5 2
= 53 – n – 3 y6 (f ) 4x + 1 = 2 − 7(2x)
=– 4
1 2x 4(4x) + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
= n
5 4(22)x + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
4(2x)2 + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
1

a3
(g)  
4
x 8 y–4 1 (h) Katakan / Let y = 2x
× 
3
a × 
a 4 3
4y2 + 7y − 2 = 0
xy–2 xy
3 (4y − 1)(y + 2) = 0
 18  a2 y = 1 , y = −2
4 –4(4)
x ×y =
= 1 3
4
x4+1
× y–2(4) + 1 a3 × a4 1
1 3 1 3 2 =
x
– +  4
x 2 y –16 = a2 3 4
= 5 –7 2x = 2−2
xy 5
1
= a 12 x = −2
–5
= x2 × y –16 – (–7)
9
–
= x 2 y–9 3. (a) 23x × 4x + 1 = 64
1 23x × 22x + 2 = 26
= 9 23x + 2x + 2 = 26
x 2 y9 25x + 2 = 26
5x + 2 = 6
x=4
5

(b) 8x × 16x + 1 = 1 (c) 3x + 1 × 92 − x = 1 Hukum Surd

27 PBD 4. 2 Laws of Surds
FORMATIF
23x × 24x + 4 = 20
23x + 4x + 4 = 20 3x + 1 × 34 − 2x = 3−3 4. (a) Katakan / Let
27x + 4 = 20 3x + 1 + 4 − 2x = 3−3 P = 0.345345345 … ......................a
7x + 4 = 0 35 − x = 3−3 1000P = 345.345345345 … .......b
x=−4 5 − x = −3 b − a: 999P = 345
7 x=8
P = 115
333
(d) 25x + 2 = 5
x–1
(e) 
3 ÷ 27x + 1 = 92x + 1
125 0.345345345 … = 115
1 333
3 2 ÷ 33x + 3 = 34x + 2
52x + 4 = 5 3
x–1
5
1
– 3x – 3 (b) Katakan / Let
32 = 34x + 2 P = 0.0566666 …
52x + 4 = 5x – 1 – 3 5
– – 3x
52x + 4 = 5x – 4 3 2 = 34x + 2 100P = 5.66666 … .................a
2x + 4 = x − 4 − 5 − 3x = 4x + 2 1000P = 56.66666 … ...........b
x = −8 2
b − a: 900P = 51
x=− 9
14 P = 17
300
(f ) 2x × 4y = 1 0.0566666 … = 17
8 300
2x × 22y = 2−3
2x + 2y = 2−3 (c) 5.121212 = 5 + 0.121212 …
x + 2y = −3 ......a Katakan / Let
9x = 27 P = 0.121212 … .......................a
3y + 1 100P = 12.121212 … .............b
32x = 33
b − a: 99P = 12
3y + 1
P= 4
32x – y – 1 = 33 33
2x − y − 1 = 3 ..
2x − y = 4 ......b 5.12 = 5 + 4 = 5 4
33 33
b × 2: 4x − 2y = 8 ......c
a + c: 5x = 5 (d) 8.0752752 … = 8 + 0.0752752 …
x=1 Katakan / Let
P = 0.0752752 …
1 + 2y = −3
2y = −4 10P = 0.752752 … .........................a
y = −2 10000P = 752.752752 … .............b
b − a: 9990P = 752
(g) (i) S(0) = 15 × 30.1(0)
P = 376
= 15 × 30 4 995
= 15 ekor siput / snails ...
8.0752 = 8 + 376 = 8 376
(ii) S(10) = 15 × 30.1(10) 4 995 4 995
= 45
S(20) = 15 × 30.1(20) 5. (a) 5
25 = 1.903653939
= 135 5

25 adalah surd kerana nilainya ialah
Beza / Difference perpuluhan tidak berulang.
= 135 − 45 
5
25 is a surd because it is a non-recurring decimal.
= 90 ekor siput / snails
(b) 3
216 = 6
(iii) S(t) = 1 215 3

216 bukan surd kerana nilainya ialah integer.
15 × 30.1t = 1 215 
3
216 is not a surd because the value is an integer.
30.1t = 81
30.1t = 34
0.1t = 4
t = 40 hari / days

6. (a) 
11 × 
3 
12 6 
(f ) 2 6 – 7
(b)

2 = 2
6  – 14
2
6
= 
11 × 3
= 12 – 146
= 
33 = 12
2  (g) 
8 – 62
8 – 3
= 
6
= 2
8  – 3
2
8 – 12
8 + 18

20 
6 × 
10 = 34 – 158
(c) (d)

5 × 
2 
12 = 34 – 302
(h) 2
5 – 71 – 4
5
= 20
5×2
= 
6 × 10
12
5 – 8
= 2 5  – 7 + 28
2
5
= 
2 = 
5 5 – 47
= 30
(i) 4 + 2
3 4 – 2
3
7. (a) 
8 (b) 
24
3 – 4
3
2
= 16 – 8
3 + 8
= 
4×2 = 
4×6
=4
4 × 
=  2 4 × 
=  6
2
= 2 6
= 2 3 
2
9. (a) (b)
4
5 5 – 
2 2
(c) 
27 (d) 
108
3 4
5 
2 5 + 
2 2
= × = ×
= 
9×3 = 
36 × 3 45 4
5 5 – 
2 2 5 + 
2 2
9 × 
=  3 36 × 
=  3 12
5 2
2 × 5  + 
2
2
3
= 3 3
= 6 = =
16 × 
5
2
2
5  – 
2
2
2
(e) 
125 125
= = 2
10 + 1
80 18
= 
25 × 5
35 
10 + 1
25 × 
=  5 = =
20 9
5
= 5

3
(c)
8. (a) 9
6 – 12
6 7 + 22

3 
7 – 2
2
= –3
6 = ×

7 + 22 7 – 2
2
2 3 – 
(b)  2 
3 × 7 – 2
3×2
=
2 – 
= 3 2
2 
7  – 2
2
2
2
= 3
2 –2 
21 – 2
6
=
–1
(c) 5 + 
2 4 + 
2
6 – 
= 2 21
2 + 
2
2
= 20 + 5
2 + 4 1 1 + 
2
= 22 + 9
2 (d) (e)
3
6 1 – 
2
10 3 + 2
(d)  10  1 3
6 1 + 
2 1 + 
2
= × = ×
36 3
6 1 – 
2 1 + 
2
10 + 2
10 
2
= 3
3
6 2 + 
1 + 2 2
2
= 3
10 + 20 = =
9 × 
6
2
1 – 
2
2
(e) 7 + 2
3 4 + 
3 36 3 + 2
2
= =
54 –1
3 + 2
3
2
= 28 + 7
3 + 8
6 2
= –3 – 2
= 34 + 15
3 =
18


10 – 7 x = 3
5 y 3
5
(f ) =
10 + 4 15 5 10 5

10 – 7  10 – 4 3
5 3
5
= × x= × 15 y= × 10
10 + 4  10 – 4 5 5

10  – 4
2
10 – 7 10 + 28 5
= 9 5
= 6
=

10  – 42
2
38 – 1110 Hukum Logaritma

= PBD 4. 3 Laws of Logarithms
–6
FORMATIF
1110 – 38 11. (a) log4 256 = 4 (e) 28 = 256

=
6 (b) log20 400 = 2 (f ) 92 = 81
10. (a) 
2x + 7  = 1 + 
2
x + 3
2
(c) log7 343 = 3 (g) 54 = 625
2x + 7 = 1 + 2 x+3+x+3 (d) log3 6 561 = 8 (h) 123 = 1 728
x + 3 = 2x+3
(x + 3)2 = 2x + 3
2 12. (a) 3x = 81 (b) 4x = 1
x2 + 6x + 9 = 4(x + 3) 3x = 34 64
x = 4 4x = 4−3
x2 + 6x + 9 = 4x + 12
x = −3
x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
(x − 1)(x + 3) = 0 (c) 55 = x (d) 37 = x
x = 1, x = −3 x = 3 125 x = 2 187
(b) x + 1 = 5 + 
 2x + 3
13. (a) log10 2.5 (b) log10 4

x + 1 = 5 + 
2
2x + 3 
2
5
= 0.3979
x + 1 = 25 + 10 2x + 3 + 2x + 3 = −0.0969
−x − 27 = 102x + 3
(c) antilog 0.0969 (d) antilog (−0.6021)
(−x − 27) = 10 2x + 3 
2 2
= 1.25 = 0.25
x2 + 54x + 729 = 100(2x + 3)
x − 146x + 429 = 0
2
14. (a) log3 81 + log3 729 (b) log3 24 − log3 8
(x − 143)(x − 3) = 0 = log3 34 + log3 36 = log3 24
x = 143, x = 3 = log3(34 × 36) 8
(c) 
16 – 2x  = 2 + 
2
36 + 6x 
2
= log3 310 = log3 3
16 − 2x = 4 + 436 + 6x + 36 + 6x = 10 log3 3 =1
−24 − 8x = 4 36 + 6x = 10
(−24 − 8x)2 = 4 36 + 6x 
2
(c) 2 + log6 18 − log6 3
576 + 384x + 64x2 = 16(36 + 6x) = log6 62 + log6 18 − log6 3
64x2 + 288x = 0 = log6 (36 × 18 ÷ 3) ALTERNATIF
32x(2x + 9) = 0 = log6 216
KAEDAH
x = 0, x = − 9
2 + log6 18 – log6 3
= log6 63 18
2 = 2 + log6
=3 3
(d) z2 + 102 = 152 = 2 + log6 6
z2 = 225 − 100 =2+1=3
z2 = 125
z = 
125 (d) 2 log4 5 − 2 log4 0.15
=  25 × 5 + 4 log34 0.6
= 5 5
= log4 5 − log4
2
x = y
= 15
 
3 0.64
0.152 + log
15 10 z 4
Oleh kerana / Since

= log4 5
2
15 = 15 3   ÷ 0.152 ×
z 55
3  5
0.64 
= × = log4 16
5  5
= log4 42
3 5 =2
=
5
(b) 1 log3 25 + log3 4 20. (a) log3 x + 2 log9 x = 4

15. (a) 3 loga 2 + loga 8
= loga 23 + loga 8 2 log3 x 2
= log3 25 + log3 4 log3 x + =4
= loga (8 × 8) log3 9
= loga 64 = log3 (5 × 4) log3 x 2
= log3 20 log3 x + =4
2
(c) 3 − logq 10 2 log3 x + log3 x2 = 8
= logq q3 − logq 10 log3(x2 × x2) = 8
= logq q
3
log3 x4 = log3 38
10 x4 = 38
(d) 1 − 3 log5 x + log5 x2 = (32)4
= log5 5 − log5 x3 + log5 x2 x=9
= log5 (5 ÷ x3 × x2)
(b) 5 log2 x − log4 x = 3
= log5 55 log2 x
x log2 x5 − =3
log2 4
(e) logm 3 − 1 logm 9 − logm 4 log2 x
2 log2 x5 − =3
2
= logm 3 − logm 9 − logm 4 2 log2 x5 − log2 x = 6
= logm (3 ÷ 3 ÷ 4) log2 x10 − log2 x = 6
= logm 1 log2 x = 6
10

4 x
log2 x9 = log2 26

125
16. (a) loga 0.12 (b) loga x9 = 26
9 2 9
= loga 3 = 2 3 
25 = loga 
125 − loga 9
3 x = 1.5874
= loga 3 − loga 25
= loga 5 2 − loga 32
= loga 3 − loga 52 (c) 4 log3 x = log9 x + 2
= 1.585 − 2(2.322) = 3 (2.322) − 2(1.585)
2 4 log3 x − log9 x = 2
= −3.059 = 0.313 log3 x
4 log3 x − =2
log3 9

y log3 x
17. (a) loga (ay)
2
(b) loga 2 4 log3 x − =2
a 2
= 2(loga a + loga y) 1
= 2(1 + k) = loga y 2 − loga a2 8 log3 x − log3 x = 4

x8
= 1k – 2 log3 =4
2 x
log3 x7 = log3 34
18. (a) log7 21 (b) log0.8 2 x7 = 34
4 7
= 3 7 
log10 21 log10 2
= =
log10 7 log10 0.8 x = 1.8734
= 1.5646 = −3.1063
(d) log3 x = log9(x + 6)
(c) log15 4.5 log3(x + 6)
log10 4.5 log3 x =
log3 9
=
log10 15 log3(x + 6)
log3 x =
= 0.5554 2
2 log3 x = log3(x + 6)
19. (a) log2 5 (b) log 1 6 log3 x2 = log3(x + 6)
5
x2 = x + 6
In 5 In 6
= = x − x – 6 = 0
2
In 2 In 1 (x – 3)(x + 2) = 0
= 2.3219 5
x = 3, x = −2
= −1.1133
(c) log1.4 0.36
In 0.36
=
In 1.4
= −3.0364

(e) log3 x = 9 logx 3 (c) 22x × 22 − 4 × 2x × 2 + 3 = 0

4(22x ) − 8(2x) + 3 = 0

log3 3
log3 x = 9 
log3 x Katakan / Let y = 2x
9 4y2 − 8y + 3 = 0
log3 x =
log3 x (2y − 1)(2y − 3) = 0
Katakan / Let y = log3 x y = 1, y = 3
9 2 2
y=
y 2x= 1 , 2x = 3
y =9
2 2 2
y = ±3 = 2−1 log 2x = log 3
10 10
x = −1 2
log3 x = 3 , log3 x = –3
x = 33 x = 3(–3) log10 3
2
x=
= 27 = 1 log10 2
27
= 0.5850
21. (a) (2x + 3) ln e = ln 6
2x + 3 = ln 6
(d) (i) logp 1 = logp 1 − logp B
x = In 6 – 3 B
2 =0−y
= −0.6041 = −y
(b) ex + 1 = 7 logp B 3
p
2 (ii) logp3 B 3
p=
logp p3
(x + 1) ln e = ln 7 1
2 logp B + logp p 3
x + 1 = ln 7 =
logp p3
2
x = 0.2528 y+ 1
3
(c) e4x + 3 = 8 =
3
(4x + 3) ln e = ln 8
4x + 3 = ln 8 3y + 1
=
9
x = In 8 – 3
4
= –0.2301 Aplikasi Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma
1 PBD 4.4 Applications of Indices, Surds and Logarithms
FORMATIF
(d) ln(x − 2) = ln e
3
23. (a) MV = P 1 + r 
1 nt
(x − 2) 3 = e n
x − 2 = e3 Nilai matang / Matured value = RM8 000
x = e3 + 2
2 500 1 + 0.08 = 8 000
t
= 22.0855 1 
(e) (ex − 5)(ex − 4) = 0 1.08t = 3.2
ex = 5 , ex = 4 t ln 1.08 = ln 3.2
x = ln 5 x = ln 4 t = In 3.2
= 1.6094 = 1.3863 In 1.08
= 15.1 tahun / years
22. (a) (2x − 5) log5 5 = log5 150
(b) Katakan / Let A0 = 100%
log10 150 t
2x − 5 = 1 15 = 1 − 0.25
log10 5  
2
2x − 5 = 4.1133 t
x = 4.0566 0.5 15 = 0.75
(b) (4x + 2) log3 33 = (2 − x) log3 34 t = log10 0.75
3(4x + 2) = 4(2 − x) 15 log10 0.5
12x + 6 = 8 − 4x t = 6.2 tahun / years
16x = 2
x=1
8

24. (a) Harga seunit apabila permintaan 10 000 unit Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2:
Price per unit when the demand is 10 000 units Substitute 1 into 2:
ℎ = 300 − 0.5e 0.00035(10 000)
2(–6y) + 3y = –5
= 300 − 0.5e3.5 –9y = –5
= RM283.44 y=5
9
Harga seunit apabila permintaan 15 000 unit
x = –6 5
Price per unit when the demand is 15 000 units
ℎ = 300 − 0.5e0.00035(15 000) 1 2
9
= 300 − 0.5e5.25
x = – 10
= RM204.72 3
(b) ℎ = 260 \ x = – 10 , y = 5
300 − 0.5e0.00035n
= 260 3 9
0.5e0.00035n = 40
e0.00035n = 80
ln e0.00035n = ln 80 2. (a) logm p = x logn p = y
0.00035n = ln 80
logp m = 1 logp n = 1
n = 12 520 x y
1
(c) ℎ = 300 − 0.5e0.00035(8 000) logmn p =
logp mn
= 300 − 0.5e2.8 1
= RM291.78 =
logp m + logp n
U = 8 000 × RM291.78 1
= RM2 3334 240 =
1+1
x y
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 4 1
=
x+y
KERTAS 1 1xy 2
1. (a) 32x + 2 = 28(3x) – 3 = xy
3 (3 ) – 28(3 ) + 3 = 0
2x 2 x x+y
9(3x)2 – 28(3x) + 3 = 0
Biar / Let 3x = y
9y2 – 28y + 3 = 0 (b) 2 log16 x + 3 logx 16 = 4
1 2
4
(9y – 1)(y – 3) = 0
log16 x + 3 logx 16 = 2
y = 1 atau / or y = 3 4
9 3
log16 x + =2
3x = 1 atau / or 3x = 3 4 log16 x
9 4(log16 x)2 + 3 = 8 log16 x
3x = 3–2 x=1
4(log16 x) – 8 log16 x + 3 = 0
2
x = –2 x=1
Biar / Let log16 x = y
(b) 7x × 493y = 1 4y2 – 8y + 3 = 0
7x × (72)3y = 1 (2y – 3)(2y – 1) = 0
7x × 76y = 70
7x + 6y = 70 y = 3 atau / or y= 1
2 2
x + 6y = 0
x = –6y …… 1 log16 x = 3 log16 x = 1
2 2
52x × 125y = 1 3 1
3 125 x = 16 2 x = 16 2
3 1
x = (42) 2 x = (42) 2
52x × (53)y = 15
5 x = 64 x=4
5 2x
× 53y = 5–5
5 2x + 3y
= 5–5
2x + 3y = –5 …… 2

3. (a) 4 2 8 = 4x Anggap / Assume log2 x = y
3 y + 2 = 11
 
1
22 2(8) = 4x 2
1
y
2232(2 ) 4
1 2
3y + 6 = 11y
2
3 2
= 4x
1
3y2 − 11y + 6 = 0
2 32 4
3 2
1+
2 2
= 4x (3y − 2)(y − 3) = 0
y = 2 , y = 3
2212 4 2 = (22)x
5
3
2+ 4
5
log2 x = 2 , log2 x = 3
2 = 22x 3 x =8
13
x = 3 4
2 4 = 22x
= 1.587
2x = 13
4
13 5. (√2x + 11 + √x + 2 )2 = (√5x + 17 )2
x= 2x + 11 + 2(√2x + 11)(√x + 2) + x + 2 = 5x + 17
8
3x + 13 + 2√2x2 + 15x + 22 = 5x + 17
log abc (8x + 9)
(b) =2 2√2x2 + 15x + 22 = 2x + 4
log abc (x + 2)
√2x2 + 15x + 22 = x + 2
log abc (8x + 9) = 2 log abc (x + 2)
2x2 + 15x + 22 = (x + 2)2
log abc (8x + 9) = log abc (x + 2)2 2x2 + 15x + 22 = x2 + 4x + 4
8x + 9 = (x + 2)2 x2 + 11x + 18 = 0
8x + 9 = x2 + 4x + 4 (x + 2)(x + 9) = 0
x – 4x – 5 = 0
2
x = –2 atau / or x = –9
(x + 1)(x – 5) = 0
x = –1 atau / or x = 5 Tetapi √2x + 11, √x + 2 dan √5x + 17 adalah
tidak tertakrif apabila x = –9, maka hanya x = –2
log abc (8x + 9) adalah penyelesaiannya.
Tetapi adalah tak tertakrif
log abc (x + 2) But √2x + 1, √x + 2 and √5x + 17 is undefined when x = −9,
apabila x = –1, maka x = 5. therefore x = −2 is the only solution.
log abc (8x + 9)
But is undefined when x = –1, therefore
log abc (x + 2)
x = 5. 6. (a) loga (x3y) = p
loga x3 + loga y = p
3 loga x + loga y = p …… 1
4. (a)
4
3 
300 10
4
+

3
=
4 
3
300
2  +
10

3 loga (x2y3) = q
2
300 10 loga x2 + loga y3 = q
= +
3 3
2 loga x + 3 loga y = q …… 2
=
2
 300 
3
3 + 10 3
 

3
 
3 3

1 × 3: 9 loga x + 3 loga y = 3p …… 3
3 – 2: 7 loga x = 3p – q
60 30
= + loga x = 3p – q
33 3 3 7
× 
90 3 Dari / From 1:
=
33  3
3 3p – q + loga y = p
1 2
= 90 3 7
9 – 3q + loga y = p
9p
= 10 3 7
loga y = p – 9p – 3q
(b) 3(log2 x + logx 4) = 11 7
log2 22 7p – 9p + 3q

3 log2 x +
log2 x
= 11  =
7
= 3q – 2p

3 log2 x +
2
log2 x
= 11  7

1
(b) loga √xy = loga (xy) 2 Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2 / Substitute 1 into 2:
= 1 loga xy 2 24 + y2 = 68
2

2 y1 2
= 1 (loga x + loga y) 1 152 + y2 = 68
2 y2
= 1 3p – q + 3q – 2p
1 2 1 152 + y4 = 68y2
2 7 7
p + 2q y4 – 68y2 + 1 152 = 0
=
14 Biar / Let y2 = u dan / and y4 = u2
u2 – 68u + 1 152 = 0
7. (a) 4x + 1 − 5(2x) − 6 = 0 (u – 36)(u – 32) = 0
22(x + 1) − 5(2x) − 6 = 0 u = 36 atau / or u = 32
4(22x) − 5(2x) − 6 = 0 y2 = 36 y2 = 32
Andaikan / Let y = 2x y = ±6 y = ±√32
4y2 − 5y − 6 = 0 Tetapi y ialah integer positif, maka y = 6
(4y + 3)(y − 2) = 0 But y is a positive integer, therefore y = 6
3 Dari / From 1:
y = − , y = 2
4
3 x = 24
2x = − 6
4 x=4
(Tiada penyelesaian / No solution)
\ x = 4, y = 6
2x = 2
x =1
2. (a) (i) log3 x = n
x = 3n
(2 + 
3)ℎ
(b) = 33+1
2 (ii) log3 27 = log3 27 – log3 x
1 2
x
2(33 + 1) = log3 33 – n
ℎ =
2 + 
3 =3–n
63+2 2 − 
3 log3 81
=
× (iii) logx 81 =
2 + 
3 2 − 
3 log3 x
3 −18 + 4 − 2
12 3 log3 34
=
=
log3 x
4−3
= −14 + 10
3 =4
n
KERTAS 2 (b) (log5 y)2 − log5 y4 = 12

(log5 y)2 − 4 log5 y – 12 = 0
1. (x√2 + y)2 = 68 + 48√2
(x√2 + y)(x√2 + y) = 68 + 48√2 Biar / Let log5 y = x
x2 – 4x – 12 = 0
x2(2) + 2xy√2 + y2 = 68 + 48√2
(x + 2)(x – 6) = 0
2x2 + y2 + 2xy√2 = 68 + 48√2
x = –2 atau / or x =6
Secara perbandingan / By comparing,
log5 y = –2 log5 y = 6
2xy = 48 y = 5–2 y = 56
xy = 24 1
y = y = 15 625
25
x = 24 …… 1
y
2x2 + y2 = 68 …… 2

3. (a) (2x − 2)(51 − 3x) = 20

log (2x − 2)(51 − 3x) = log 20
log (2x − 2) + log (51 − 3x) = log 20
APLIKASI KBAT
(x − 2) log 2 + (1 − 3x) log 5 = log 20
x log 2 − 2 log 2 + log 5 − 3x log 5 = log 20 1. Katakan t = tinggi segi tiga PQR
Let t = height of triangle PQR
x(log 2 − 3 log 5) = log 20 + 2 log 2 − log 5
1 × 
2 – 1 × t = 3 − 
2
log 20 + 2 log 2 − log 5 2
x=
t = 23 – 
2
log 2 − 3 log 5

x = −0.6705 
2 –1
6 – 2
2 
2 +1
(b) x2 + y2 = 14xy t= ×
x2 + y2 + 2xy = 16xy 
2 –1 
2 +1
2
(x + y)2 = 16xy 2 + 6 – 2
2  – 2
t = 6 2
log10 (x + y)2 = log10 16xy 
2
2 – 1
2 log10 (x + y) = log10 16 + log10 x + log10 y
= 2 + 4
2  cm
1 1 1
log10 (x + y) = log10 16 + log10 x + log10 y
2 2 2
1 1 1 2. 3 × 52x + 1 − 4 × 5x + 1 + 5 = 0
2 2 2 3 × 52x × 5 − 4 × 5x × 5 + 5 = 0
1 1 15(52x) − 20(5x) + 5 = 0
2 2 Katakan / Let y = 5x
15y2 − 20y + 5 = 0
4. (a) (log10 64)(log10 x2) = log10 16 3y2 − 4y + 1 = 0
(log10 26)(log10 x2) = log10 24 (3y − 1)(y − 1) = 0
6(log10 2)(log10 x2) = 4 log10 2 y = 1, y = 1
3
6(log10 x2) = 4
5x = 1
2 3
log10 x2 =
3 log10 5 = log10 1
x
2 3
x2 = 10 3
1 log10 1
x = 10 3 3
x=
log10 5
= 3
10
= −0.6826
(b) (i) V = 4 000(1.05)5 5x = 1
= RM5 105.13 log10 5x = log10 1
x=0
(ii) V  7 000
4 000(1.05)t  7 000
(1.05)t  1.75
t log10 1.05  log10 1.75
log10 1.75
t
log10 1.05
t  11.5
∴ t = 12

AWAPAN Bab 5
Janjang Aritmetik 3. (a) T6 = 26

PBD 5.1 Arithmetic Progressions a + (6 − 1)d = 26
FORMATIF
a + 5d = 26 ............a
1. (a) d1 = T2 – T1 = 3 – 1 = 1
4 4 2 T15 = 80
d2 = T3 – T2 = 5 – 3 = 1 a + (15 − 1)d = 80
4 4 2 a + 14d = 80 ............b
Janjang aritmetik kerana d1 = d2 = 1 .
2 b − a: 9d = 54
1
An arithmetic progression because d1 = d2 = . d=6
2
(b) d1 = T2 – T1 = 23 − 13 = 7 a = 26 − 5(6)
d2 = T3 – T2 = 33 − 23 = 19 = –4
Bukan janjang aritmetik kerana d1 ≠ d2. T12 = –4 + (12 − 1)(6)

Not an arithmetic progression because d1 ≠ d2. = 62
(c) d1 = T2 – T1 = x + 3 − x = 3 (b) T4 = 84
d2 = T3 – T2 = x + 6 − (x + 3) = 3 a + (4 − 1)d = 84
d3 = T4 – T3 = x + 9 – (x + 6) = 3 a + 3d = 84 ............a
Janjang aritmetik kerana d1 = d2 = d3 = 3. T8 = 20
An arithmetic progression because d1 = d2 = d3 = 3. a + (8 − 1)d = 20
a + 7d = 20 ............b
2. (a) a = 5.8
d = 6.4 − 5.8 = 0.6 b − a: 4d = –64
T17 = 5.8 + (17 − 1)(0.6) d = –16
= 15.4 a = 84 − 3(–16)
(b) a = p = 132
d=p+4−p=4 T12 = 132 + (12 − 1)(–16)
T21 = p + (21 − 1)(4) = –44
= p + 80
4. (a) d = 46 − 50 = −4
(c) a = 5 T50 = 5 + (50 − 1) 3  
8
d = 53 − 5 S50 = 50 [2(50) + (50 − 1)(−4)]
8 = 23 3 2
3 8 = 25(−96)
=
8 = −2 400
(d) a = 
3 T8 =  3
3 + (8 − 1) (b) d = −18 − (−20) = 2
d = 23 − 
3 3
= 8 Tn = −20 + (n − 1)(2)
= 
3 50 = −20 + 2n − 2
2n = 72
(e) a = − 1 n = 36
2
d=−3 − −1 S36 = 36 [−20 + 50] = 540
4  
2 2
=− 1 (c) d = 5.4 − 5 = 0.4
4
Tn = 5 + (n − 1)(0.4)
T10 = − 1 + (10 − 1) − 1  79 = 5 + 0.4n − 0.4
2 4
3 0.4n = 74.4
= −2 n = 186
4
S186 = 186 [5 + 79] = 7 812
2

5. (a) S9 = 117 (iii) Sn  90n

9 [2a + (9 − 1)d] = 117 n [2(5) + (n − 1)(5)]  90n
2 2
9 [2a + 8d] = 117 n(10 + 5n − 5)  180n
2 5n2 − 175n 0
a + 4d = 13 ...............a
5n(n − 35) 0
S13 = 117 + 91 = 208 n  35
13 [2a + (13 − 1)d] = 208 Bilangan hari minimum bekerja ialah
2 36 hari.
13 [2a + 12d] = 208
The minimum number of days working is 36 days.
2 a + 6d = 16 ............b
(c) (i) Sn  300
b − a: 2d = 3 n [2(20) + (n − 1)(8)]  300

d= 3 2
2 n[20 + (4n − 4)]  300
a = 13 − 4 3 = 7
  4n2 + 16n − 300  0
2 n2 + 4n − 75  0
–10.9  n  6.9
(b) Sn = 2n2 + 8n
∴ n = 6
a = S1
= 2(1)2 + 8(1) (ii) T6 = 20 + (6 − 1)(8)
= 10 = 60 cm
S2 = 2(2)2 + 8(2)
Janjang Geometri
= 24 PBD
FORMATIF
5. 2 Geometric Progressions
T2 = S2 − S1 1
= 24 − 10 –1
7. (a) r1 = 1 = – 1 , r2 = 2 = – 1 , r3 = 4 = – 1
= 14 –2 2 1 2 –1 2
d = T2 − T1 2
= 14 − 10 Janjang geometri kerana nisbah sepunya,
=4 r adalah sama.
A geometric progression because the common ratio, r is
∴ a = 10, d = 4 the same.
6. (a) (i) T7 = 5 000 + (7 − 1)(455) (b) r1 = 20 = 2, r2 = 60 = 3

10 20
= 7 730
Bukan janjang geometri kerana nisbah
(ii) Tn = 9 095 sepunya, r adalah berbeza.
5 000 + (n − 1)(455) = 9 095 Not a geometric progression because the common ratio,
455n − 455 = 4 095 r is different.
n = 10 2 1
(c) r1 = 4 = 1 , r2 = x = 1 , r3 = x = 1
2
Pada bulan Oktober dianggarkan beras
8x 2x 4 2x 2 2x
akan terjual sebanyak 9 095 kampit.
In October the rice is estimated 9 095 packs sold.
x
Janjang geometri kerana nisbah sepunya,
(iii) S12 = 12 [2(5 000) + (12 − 1)(455)] r adalah sama.
2 A geometric progression because the common ratio, r is
= 90 030 kampit / packs the same.
(b) (i) T30 = 150
1 (b) a = 3
5 + (30 − 1)(x) = 150 8. (a) a = –
2
5 + 29x = 150
3 r= 9
x=5 r= = –6 3
–1 =3
(ii) S30 = 30 [2(5) + (30 − 1)(5)] 2
2 T7 = 3(3)7 − 1
= RM2 325 T5 = – 1 (–6)5 − 1
  = 2 187
2
= −648

(c) a = 81 (b) a = 4, r = 12 = 3
r = 54 = 2 4
81 3 S7 = 4(3 7
− 1) = 4 372
3−1
T6 = 81 2
6−1
 
3
32 (c) a = 3, r = –6 = −2
= 3
3 3[(–2) 8
– 1] = −255
S8 =
–2 − 1
(d) a = 2
3
1 11. (a) a = 80
r= 6 = 1 r = 120 = 3
2 4 80 2
3
Sn = 1662.5
T5 = 2 1 = 1
5−1
3 4  384 80 3 n
 –1 
2 = 1662.5
(e) a = 0.3 3 –1
r = 0.36 = 1.2 2
0.3 3 n = 729
2   64
T11 = 0.3(1.2)11 − 1
= 1.8575 n log = log 729
3
2 64
n=6
9. (a) a = 5
r = 15 = 3 12. (a) a = 32 S∞ =
32
5
1– –1 
Tn = 32 805 r = –16 = – 1 2
32 2 1
5(3)n − 1 = 32 805 = 21
(3)n − 1 = 6 561 3x = 6 561 3
x log 3 = log 6 561
(3)n − 1 = 38 log 6 561
5
x=
n−1=8 log 3
(b) a = 5 6
S∞ =
1– 1
= 8 6
n=9
4 5 3
18 1
(b) a = − , r = 3 = – 1
16 r= =1 =1
4
5 3
3 − 16 4
3 6
Tn = 1
192
13. (a) S = 10
16 1 n−1
= 1
−  3  
–
4 192 4x = 1 024
∞
3
log 1 024 5 = 10
–1 =– 1
n−1
 
4 1 024
x=
= 5
log 4 1–r 3
r=−1
–1 = –1
n−1 5
 
4 4   2
T5 = 5 − 1 = 5
5−1
n−1 =5
2  16
n =6
2 (b) S∞ = 25
10. (a) a = 1, r = 3 = 2 a = 25
1 3
1– 3
6 5
11– 2   a = 10
S6 = 3 = 665
2 243 T4 = 10 3 =2 4
4−1
1–
3  
5 25

14. (a) 0.153153153… = 0.153 + 0.000153 + (b) Bagi janjang geometri P

0.000000153 + … For geometric progression P
a = 0.153 x
=6
1–y
r = 0.000153 = 0.001 x = 6 − 6y ............................a
0.153
0.153153153 … = 0.153 = 17 Bagi janjang geometri Q
1 – 0.001 111 For geometric progression Q
(b) 2.252525… = 2 + [0.25 + 0.0025 + 0.000025 2x
=7
+ …] 1 − y2
a = 0.25 2x = 7 − 7y2 ..........................b
r = 0.0025 = 0.01 Gantikan a ke dalam b / Substitute a into b
0.25 2(6 − 6y) = 7 − 7y2
2.252525 … = 2 + 0.25 12 − 12y = 7 − 7y2
1 – 0.01
25 7y − 12y + 5 = 0
2
=2+
99 y = 1, y = 5
25 7
=2 5
99 y ≠ 1, maka / thus y = ,
7
(c) 0.1777… = 0.1 + [0.07 + 0.007 + 0.0007 + …] x = 6 − 6 5 = 12
 
a = 0.07 7 7
r = 0.007 = 0.1 (c) (i) 2x + 2 7x + 1
=
0.07 x−1 2x + 2
0.1777 … = 0.1 + 0.07 (2x + 2) = (7x + 1)(x − 1)
2
1 – 0.1
1 4x2 + 8x + 4 = 7x2 – 6x − 1
= + 7 3x2 − 14x − 5 = 0
10 90 1
= 8 x = 5 atau / or −
3
45
Oleh kerana sebutan adalah positif,
15. (a) (i) Janjang geometri: maka x = 5.
Geometric progression: Since the terms are positive, then x = 5.
a, ar, ar 2, ar 3, …
ar = 16 ..........................a (ii) a = 5 − 1 = 4
(ar 2)(ar 3) = a T2 = 2(5) + 2 = 12
12
ar 5 = 1 ................b r= =3
4
b ÷ a: ar = 1
5
4(35 − 1)
ar 16 S5 =
1 3−1
r4 = = 484
16
r = 1 atau/or − 1 S2 = 4 + 12 = 16
2 2
Sebutan positif, maka S5 − S2 = 484 − 16
Positive term, thus = 468
16
r = 1, a = = 32 log2 4x2 2 log2 2x
2 1 (d) r = = =2
2 log2 2x log2 2x
32 a = log2 2x
(ii) S∞ =
1– 1 T = 16
4
2 (log2 2x)(2) = 16
4−1
= 64 log2 2x = 2
log2 2x = log2 22
x=2

(e) (i) a = 4.5, r = 1 − 0.08 = 0.92 log 0.522

n − 1 =
log 0.85
Tn  1.5
n=5
4.5(0.92)  1.5
n−1
(0.92)n − 1  1 a = 300, d = 290 − 300 = −10

3 T5 = 300 + (5 − 1)(−10)
log 1 = 260 K
n − 1  3
log 0.92
n − 1  13.18 2. a = 6
n  14.18 S7 = 126
7 (2a + 6d) = 126
Maka, mesin itu boleh berfungsi selama 2
14 jam. 7a + 21d = 126
Thus, the machine can work for 14 hours. a + 3d = 18
4.5(1 − 0.9214) 6 + 3d = 18
(ii) S14 =
1 − 0.92 d=4
= 38.75 Sn = 2 590
Maka, 39 liter air telah digunakan. n [2(6) + (n – 1)(4)] = 2 590
Thus, 39 litres of water has been used. 2
n [4n + 8] = 2 590
16. (a) Ayunan pertama / First oscillate, θ = 60° 2
60° 22 88 2n2 + 4n = 2 590
×2× × 28 =
360° 7 3 n2 + 2n = 1 295
88 n + 2n – 1 295 = 0
2
a = , r = 0.96
3 (n – 35)(n + 37) = 0
Janjang geometri bagi panjang lengkok n = 35 atau / or n = –37
The geometric progression of the length of arc
88 88 88 Tetapi / But n . 0, maka / therefore n = 35
, (0.96), (0.96)2, …
3 3 3 Bilangan sebutan ialah 35.
88 Number of terms is 35.
, 28.16, 27.0336, …
3 T35 = 6 + 34(4)
88 = 142
(1 − 0.9610)
(b) S10 = 3
1 − 0.96
= 245.79 cm 3. (a) a = 12
T5 = 18
88 12 + 4d = 18
(c) S∞ = 3 3
d =
1 − 0.96 2
= 733.33 cm 15
S15 = 2(12) + (15 − 1) 3
  
2 2
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 5 = 337.5
(b) a = 12, ar 4 = 18
KERTAS 1 ar 4 18
=
1. (a) a + 4d = 13 ..............a a 12
a + 8d = 29 ..............b 3
r =
4
2
b – a: 4d = 16
d=4 r=4 
3
2
a = 13 – 4(4)
= –3
 32 
13 – 1
T13 = (12) 4
(b) a = 15, r = 0.85

Tn = 7.83 = 40.5
15(0.85)n − 1 = 7.83
(0.85)n − 1 = 0.522

4. (a) a + ar2 = 25 .................a

= 27 1 – 1
n+2
ar + ar3 = 50 ................b 2 3 3 1 2 4
ar + ar3 50
= 27 – 27 1 1
n 2
b ÷ a:
a + ar2
=
25 2 2 3 1 2 132
ar(1 + r2)
=2
Sn + 2 = 27 – 3 1
n

a(1 + r2)
r=2 2 2 3 1 2
a + a(2)2 = 25
a = 5 (b) Sn + 2 – Sn , 0.002
27 – 3 1n
– 27 – 27 1
n
5(22 − 1)
(b) S2 = 2 2 3 1 2 3
2 2 3 1 24
, 0.002
2−1
– 3 1 + 27 1 , 0.002
n n
= 15
2 3 1 2
2 3 1 2
5(26 − 1)
S6 = 1 n, 1
= 315
2−1
3 1 2
6 000
log10 1 , log10 1
n
S6 − S2 = 315 − 15
3 1 2 6 000 1 2
= 300
n log10 1 , log10 1 1 2 1 2
5. (a) T2 – T1 = 24 loga b – 8 loga b 3 6 000
= 16 loga b n(–0.4771) , –3.77815
n . 7.92
T3 – T2 = 40 loga b – 24 loga b
= 16 loga b Nilai minimum bagi n ialah 8.
The minimum value of n is 8.
T2 – T1 = T3 – T2
= 16 loga b (pemalar / constant) 7. (a) x = −208
−52 x
Janjang itu ialah janjang aritmetik. x2 = 10 816
The progression is an arithmetic progression. x = ±104
(b) a = 8 loga b, d = 16 loga b r = 104 = −2
−52
Sn = n [2(8 loga b) + (n – 1)(16 loga b)]
2 (b) S5 = 286
= n [16 loga b + 16n loga b – 16 loga b] a[( − 2)5
− 1] = 286
2
(−2) − 1
n
= (16n loga b) a(−33) = − 858
2
= 8n2 loga b a = 26
(c) S8 = 26[( − 2) − 1] = −2 210

8
6. (a) a = 9, r = 3 = 1 (−2) − 1
9 3
S3 = 26[( − 2) − 1] = 78
3
Sn = a(1 – r )
n
(−2) − 1
1–r S8 − S3 = −2210 − 78
9 1– 1
n
3 1 24
3
= −2 288
=
1– 1 8. (a) a = 15 000, r = 0.95
3
S∞ = a
27 1– 1
n 1–r
=
2 3 1 24
3
= 15 000
1 – 0.95
Sn = 27 – 27 1
n
2 2 3 1 2 = 300 000 kg
Sn + 2 = a(1 – r ) (b) Tn , 5 000

n+2
1–r 15 000(0.95) , 5 000

n–1
9 1– 1
n+2 (0.95)n – 1 , 1
3 1 2 4
3 3
= log10 (0.95) , log10 1
n–1
1– 1 3
3

(n – 1)(log10 0.95) , log10 1 n − 1 < 6.3

3 n < 7.3
(n – 1)(–0.02228) , –0.4771 n=7
n – 1 . 21.42
Pada minggu ke-7 / In the 7th week
n . 22.42
n = 23 T7 = a + 6d
\ Pada tahun 2032 / In year 2032 = 3 575 + 6(–250)
= 2 075 kCal
KERTAS 2
1. (a) a = 1, d = 2
(b) S7 = 7 [2(3 575) + 6(–250)]
T12 = 1 + (12 − 1)(2) = 23 2
Baris terpanjang / The longest row = 19 775 kCal
= 23 × 2 cm = 46 cm
12
(b) S12 = [2(1) + (12 − 1)(2)] = 144
2 APLIKASI KBAT
Jumlah luas / Total area
= 144 × 2 cm × 2 cm = 576 cm2
1. (a) (i) a = 180
r = 106% = 1.06
2. (a) T2 : ar = 9
T4 : ar 3 = 16 T6 = (180)(1.06)6 − 1
= RM240.88
ar 3 16
= (ii) Tn  2(180)
ar 9
16 180(1.06)  360
n−1
r2 =
9 (1.06)n − 1  2
4 log 2
r= n − 1 
3 log 1.06
n  12.9
a 4 =9
  n = 13
3
a = 6.75 Maka, pada tahun 2033.
T5 = 6.75 4 = 21.33 g
4 Thus, in year 2033.
3 
180[(1.06)10 − 1]
(b) S10 =
(b) Sn  200 1.06 − 1
= RM2 372.54
6.75 4 – 1
n
3   
 200 Jumlah wang yang diperlukan
4 –1 Total amount of money needed
3
4 n  10.88 = RM2 372.54 × 3 g

3   = RM7 117.62
log 10.88
n
log 4 2. (a) –3, 9, –27
3 (b) a = –3
n  8.3
9
Bilangan eksperimen yang dapat dijalankan r= = –3
–3
ialah 8.
The number of experiments can be carried out is 8. Apabila |r|  1 dan nilai n semakin bertambah
dan menghampiri ketakterhinggaan, nilai r n
a(r n − 1)
3. (a) a = 3 575, d = 3 325 – 3 575 dalam rumus Sn = akan menjadi
r–1
= –250 besar dan nilai Sn akan menjadi ∞.
When |r|  1 and the value of n increases and closer to
Tn > 2 000 a(r n − 1)
infinity, the value of r n in the formula Sn = will be
3 575 + (n – 1)(–250) > 2 000 r–1
large and the value of Sn will be ∞.
–250(n – 1) > –1 575

AWAPAN Bab 6
6.1
Hubungan Linear dan Tak Linear (c) Graf y melawan x
PBD
FORMATIF
Linear and Non-Linear Relations Graph of y against x
y
1. (a) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan

satu garis lurus. 40
A graph of non-linear relation because the graph is not a
straight line.
30
(b) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan
satu garis lurus.
A graph of non-linear relation because the graph is not a 20
straight line.
(c) Graf hubungan linear kerana graf adalah 10
garis lurus.
A graph of linear relation because the graph is a straight 0 x
line. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
(d) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan

satu garis lurus. 4. (a) (i) Graf y melawan x
A graph of non-linear relation because the graph is not a y
Graph of y against x
straight line.
2. (a) Graf y melawan x 0.8

y
0.6
2.0
0.4
1.5
0.2
1.0
0 x
1 2 3 4
0.5
(ii) Daripada graf, pintasan-y = 0.16
From the graph, y-intercept = 0.16
0
10 20 30 40 50
x Kecerunan / Gradient
= 0.84 − 0.36
(b) Graf y melawan x 3.4 − 1
y
Graph of y against x = 0.2
(iii) Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
Equation of the line of best fit
40
y = 0.2x + 0.16
30
20
10
0 x
10 20 30 40 50

(b) (i) Graf y melawan x (iii) Kecerunan / Gradient

= 7.5 − 2.5
y
5–1
= 1.25
30 Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 1.2
Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
20 Equation of the line of best fit
log10 y = 1.25x + 1.2
10 (b) (i)
y
Graf x melawan x 2
x y
0 y Graph of x against x 2
1 2 3 4
x
–10 50
(ii) Daripada graf, pintasan-y = –4 40

From the graph, y-intercept = –4
Kecerunan / Gradient
30
= 30 − 13
4−2
20
= 8.5
(iii) Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
10
Equation of the line of best fit
y = 8.5x – 4
0 x2
13 23.5
5 10 15 20 25
5. (a) (i)
Graf log10 y melawan x
Graph of log10 y against x
log10 y
(ii) (a) Kecerunan / Gradient
10 = 38 – 24.5
25 – 16
= 1.5
8
y
(b) Apabila / When = 36
x
6 x2 = 23.5
5.6
4 (c) Apabila / When x = 2.5, x2 = 6.25

y
= 10
x
2 y = 10(2.5)
= 25
0 x
1 1.9
2 3 4 5 5.4 6 y
(d) Apabila / When = 20,
x
(ii) (a) Apabila / When x = 3.5, x2 = 13
log10 y = 5.6 x = 13
= 3.606
(b) Apabila / When x = 0.6,
log10 y = 2 (iii) Persamaan garis lurus
y = 102 Equation of the straight line
= 100 y
= 1.5x2 + 0.5
x
(c) Apabila / When log10 y = 8, y = 1.5x3 + 0.5x
x = 5.4
(d) Apabila / When y = 4 000,
log10 4 000 = 3.6,
x = 1.9

Hukum Linear dan Hubungan Tak Linear

PBD 6.2 Linear Law and Non-Linear Relations
FORMATIF
Persamaan linear Y X m c
Linear equation
6. (a) 1
yx = x – px
xy 
x –p 1
x
xy = 1 – p
xy = –px +1
(b) q
y = x 2 + nx x2
x2y = q + nx3 x2y x3 n q
x2y = nx3 + q
(c) [5y = 3x2 − 9x] 1

5x y 3
y 3 9 x −9
= x − x 5 5
x 5 5
(d) log10 ay = log10 bx
log10 y + log10 a = x log10 b log10 y x log10 b −log10 a
log10 y = (log10 b)x − log10 a
(e) 1 1
y = (a + b) y a+b 0
x x
(f ) 2n m
= –1
y x
2n m 1
 y = x – 1 2n 1 1 m
–
1
y x 2n 2n
1 m 1 1
y
=  
2n x 2n
–
7. (a) (i) x2 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.7 4.2 4.8 yx

(ii) (a) = px3 + qx
y 
x
= x(px2 + q)
2.2 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 y
x
 = px2 + q

x
p = 3 – 1.5
y
Graf melawan x 2
x
y 3–0
y Graph of
x
against x 2
= 1
x
2
q = 3
4
2
(b) Apabila / When x = 1.6, 1.62 = 2.6

3 y
2.8 = 2.8

x
2 y = 2.8 ×  1.6
= 3.542
1
0 x2
1 2 3 4 5

(b) (i) log10 x 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 (ii) (a) y = qxr
log10 y = log10 q + log10 x r
log10 y 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.50 log10 y = rlog10 x + log10 q
Graf log10 y melawan log10 x r = 0.4 – 0.36
log10 y
Graph of log10 y against log10 x 0.3 – 0.15
= 4
15
0.5 log10 q = 0.32
0.46
q = 100.32
0.4 = 2.089
(b) Apabila / When x = 3.3,
0.3
log10 3.3 = 0.52
log10 y = 0.46
0.2
y = 100.46
= 2.884
0.1
0 log10 x
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
8. (a) (i) Pintasan-x / y-intercept = 2

Pintasan-y / y-intercept
m = –
Pintasan-x / x-intercept
2
= –
(–2)
= 1
Persamaan garis penyuaian terbaik
The equation of the line of best fit
log10 y = log10 x + 2
(ii) log10 y – log10 x = 2

y
log10 x = log10 102
y
x = 100
y = 100x
(iii) 1 = log10 x + 2
log10 x = –1
x = 10–1
= 0.1
Aplikasi Hukum Linear

PBD 6.3 Application of Linear Law
FORMATIF
9. (a) (i) log10 E 0.7 1 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.5

log10 P 0.4 1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.95

P=E
n
Graf log10 P melawan log10 E (ii)
Graph of log10 P against log10 E R
2 cm En
 
log10 P
log10 P = log10
R
2 cm log10 P = log10 En – log10 R
log10 P = n log10 E – log10 R
2.0
n = 1 – (–1)
1–0
= 2
1.5
–log10 R = –1
R = 10
1.0
0.5
log10 E
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
–0.5
–1.0
(b) (i) t 0.5 1.05 1.6 2.1 2.55 3.0 (ii) N = e a

b+t
b+t
In N 3 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.45 6.9 ln N = ln e a
Graf In N melawan t ln N = b + t
Graph of In N against t
2 cm
a
ln N = t + b
1
In N
a a
2 cm
1 = 6.9 − 2.4
7.5 a 3−0
7.35
= 3
2
6.0
a=2
3
b = 2.4
a
4.5
b = 2.4 × 2
3
= 1.6
3.0
(iii) Apabila / When t = 3.3,
ln N = 7.35
1.5 N = 1 556
0 t
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

10. (i)
log10 
V – 2 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78
log10 T 0.18 0.32 0.46 0.62
Graf log10 T melawan log10 V – 2

Graph of log10 T against log10 V – 2
log10 T
0.6
0.54
0.4
0.2
log10 V – 2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
q
(ii) (a) pT = V – 2 − log10 p = pintasan-y / y-intercept
log10 p + log10 T = q log10 V – 2 = −0.68
log10 T = q log10 
V – 2 − log10 p p = 4.786
q = kecerunan / gradient (b) Apabila / When V = 54.3,
log10 54.3 − 2 = 0.73
= 0.62 − 0.32
0.78 − 0.6 log10 T = 0.54
= 5 T = 3.47
3
2
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 6 2. (a) y = 25px
2
log5 y = log5 52 + log5 px
KERTAS 1 = 2 log5 5 + x2 log5 p
log5 y = (log5 p)x2 + 2
1. y = e2 – x2
ln y = –x2 + 2 (b) log5 p = – 2
(–1)
Apabila / When x2 = p, ln y = 0 log5 p = 2
0 = –p + 2 p = 25
p=2
Apabila / When x2 = 1 , ln y = q y= x
3p
3.
2 q
log10 y = log10 x
3p
q=– +21
2 q
3 log10 y = (3p)log10 x – log10 q
q=
2
3p = 3 – (–9)
6–0
p= 2
3
–log10 q = –9
q = 109

(ii) Apabila / When x = 15,

4. (a) log10 y = 4 1 + c  
x (15 + y)2 = 18
10 = 4(3) + c 15 + y = ± 18
c = –2 y = −10.76, −19.24
log10 y = 4 1 – 2   2. (a) √x 0.5 1 1.5 2.1 2.5 3

x
log10 y 1.48 1.29 1.16 1.01 0.84 0.68
Pada titik A, / At point A, 1 = 0
x
log10 y = 4(0) − 2
= −2 (b)
2 cm
log10 y
A(0, –2)
2 cm
Pada titik B, / At point B, log10 y = 0 1.8
0 = 4 1 – 2   1.6
x
1 = 1 1.4
x 2
1.2
B 1, 0
 
2 1.0
0.8
(b) log10 y = 4 1 – 2  
x 0.6
= 4 – 2x 0.4
x
4 – 2x 0.2
y = 10 x
0 x

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
KERTAS 2
(c) (i) Apabila / When x = 4, √x = 2
1. (a) x 1 6 13 22 28 log10 y = 1.0
(x + y)2 4 9 16 25 31 y = 10
2 cm
(ii) Pintasan-log10 y / log10 y-intercept = 1.64
(x + y) 2 Kecerunan / Gradient
= 1.64 − 0.68 = –0.32
2 cm
35
0−3
30 log10 y = –0.32√x – 1.64
y = 10–0.32√x – 1.64
25
20
18 3. (a) x 1 2 3 4 5 6
15
x2y 1.36 1.52 1.66 1.92 2.00 2.16
10
2 cm
x 2y
5
2 cm
x 2.4
0
5 10 15 20 25 30
2.0
x + 2xy − kx + y = ℎ
(b) (i) 2 2
x2 + 2xy + y2 = kx + h 1.6
(x + y)2 = kx + h 1.2
k = Kecerunan / Gradient
= 9 − 4
0.8
6−1 0.4
= 1
ℎ = Pintasan-y / y-intercept 0 4.75
x
1 2 3 4 5 6
ℎ =3

q log10 r = 0.03571

(b) (i) xy = p2 + r = 100.03571
x
x2y = p2x + 
q = 1.0857
(ii) Apabila / When t = 25,
m = 1.36 − 1.2 = 0.16 log10 A = 5.25
1−0
m = p2 A = RM177 827.94
p2 = 0.16 (iii) A = 4P
p = ±0.4 = 4(RM22 387.21)
c = 
q = RM89 548.84

q = 1.2 log10 A = log10 89 548.84
q = 1.44 = 4.9521
Daripada graf / From the graph,
(ii) y = 1.4 t = 17 tahun / years
x
1.96
y = 2
x
x2y = 1.96
Daripada graf, / From the graph, x = 4.75 APLIKASI KBAT
q
4. (a) t 5 10 15 20 30 35 (a) y = px2 +
x
log10 A 4.55 4.7 4.9 5.05 5.4 5.6 yx = px3 + q
dengan / where Y = yx, X = x3
log10 A 2 cm
2 cm (b) Bagi / For Y1,

m = 18 – 6 = 1 , c = 6
5.5
5.0
24 – 0 2
∴ yx = 1 x3 + 6
4.5 2
4.0 Bagi / For Y2,
3.5 m = – 20 = – 4 , c = 20
15 3
3.0
4
∴ yx = – x + 20
3
3
2.5
(c) Y = 1 X + 6 ......a
2.0 2
1.5 Y = – 4 X + 20 ......b
3
0 = 11 X – 14
1.0
a – b:
6
0.5
11 X = 14
0 t 6
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 X = 7.6
(b) (i) A = Prt 1
Y = (7.6) + 6 = 9.8
log10 A = log10 Prt 2
log10 A = log10 P + log10 rt Maka, titik persilangan ialah (7.6, 9.8).
Thus, the intersection point is (7.6, 9.8).
log10 A = t log10 r + log10 P
Pintasan-log10 A / log10 A-intercept = 4.35
Pada / At t = 0, A = P
log10 P = 4.35
log10 P = RM22 387.21
Kecerunan / Gradient
= 5.6 – 4.35 = 0.03571
35 – 0

AWAPAN Bab 7
Pembahagi Tembereng Garis Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:

7.1
2 = kn + 5m
PBD Divisor of a Line Segment
FORMATIF

m+n
1. (a) P
5 3k +5
A
7
B 2=
4
(i) AP : AB = 7 : 12 3k + 5 = 8
(ii) AP : PB = 7 : 5 k = 1
(b) 12 cm P 6 cm
A B

(b) (6, 3) = n(2) + m(8) , n(1) + m(k)
m+n m+n 
(i) AP : AB = 12 : 18 = 2 : 3 Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate:
(ii) AP : PB = 12 : 6 = 2 : 1 2n + 8m = 6

m+n
2+3 
2. (a) R(x, y) = 3(–6) + 2(4) , 3(–5) + 2(5)
2+3  2n + 8m = 6m + 6n
2m = 4n
= (–2, –1)
m = 4
L(4, 5)
R(x, y)
K(–6, –5)
3 n 2
2
= 2
1
m : n = 2 : 1

(b) R(x, y) = 3(–1) + 5(7) , 3(2) + 5(26)
5+3 5+3  Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:
= (4, 17)
3 = n + km
R(x, y) L(7, 26)
K(–1, 2)
5
3 m+n
3 = + 2k
1
3
(c) KR = 5 1 + 2k = 9
RL 4 k = 4

R(x, y) = 4(–3) + 5(6) , 4(–5) + 5(4)
5+4 5+4 
= (2, 0) R(x, y)
K(–3, –5)
L(6, 4) 
(c) P(–3, k) = n(3) + m(–7) , n(6) + m(1)
m+n m+n 
4
5 Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate:
3n – 7m = –3
m+n

(d) R(x, y) = 3(–2) + 1(4) , 3(–1) + 1(7)
1+3 1+3  3n – 7m = –3m – 3n
L(4, 7) 6n = 4m

= – 1, 1 
R(x, y)
m = 6
K(–2, –1)
3
2 1 n 4
= 3
2
m : n = 3 : 2
3. (a) (–1, 2) =
m+n 
n(–2) + m(2) , n(k) + m(5)
m+n 
Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:
Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate:
–2n + 2m = –1 k = 6n + m
m+n
m+n 6(2) +3
–2n + 2m = –m – n k=
3m = n 3+2
m=1 k=3

n 3
m : n = 1 : 3

4. 3(x) + 2(2y) 3(5x) + 2(–5z) (b) Bagi / For 6x + 3y – 12 = 0

(a) (y, 4z) = 
2+3
,
2+3  3y = –6x + 12
3x + 4y y = –2x + 4
=y
5
3x + 4y = 5y m1 = –2
x= y Bagi / For y = –2x + 5

3 m2 = –2
15x – 10z m1 = m2
= 4z
5
15x – 10z = 20z Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah selari.
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are parallel.
15x = 30z
y
15  = 30z (c) Bagi / For 6x – 2y – 20 = 0
3 2y = 6x – 20
y = 6z
y = 3x – 10
(b) Katakan kereta mainan berhenti di (x, y). m1 = 3
Let toy car stops at (x, y).
Bagi / For 12x + 4y – 8 = 0

(x, y) = 1(–7) + 3(5) , 1(6) + 3(2)
1+3 1+3  4y = –12x + 8
= (2, 3) y = –3x + 2
Jarak antara Farhan dengan kereta mainan m2 = –3
The distance between Farhan and the toy car
m1 ≠ m2
= 
(2 – 5)2 + (3 – 2)2
= 
10 unit/ units Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
selari.
 
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not parallel.
(c) (i) (1, y) = 3(–3) + 1(13) , 3(–2) + 1(10)
3+1 3+1
–6 + 10 7. (a) Bagi / For 2x – y + 5 = 0
y= =1
4 y = 2x + 5
(ii) Koordinat kedai runcit Bagi / For 4x – 2y + 7 = 0
Coordinates of grocery shop
2y = 4x + 7

= 2(1) + 3(13) , 2(1) + 3(10)
3+2 3+2  y = 2x + 7
2
m1 m2 = 2(2) = 4

= 41 , 32
5 5  Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
berserenjang.
Garis Lurus Selari dan Garis Lurus Serenjang Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not perpendicular.
PBD 7.2 Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines
FORMATIF
(b) Bagi / For 5y – x = 0

6. (a) Bagi / For –2x – y = 3 y = 1x
y = –2x – 3 5
m1 = –2 Bagi / For y + 5x = –3
y = –5x – 3
Bagi / For 4x – 8y + 1 = 0
8y = 4x + 1 m1 m2 = 1 (–5) = –1
5
y = 1x + 1 Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah
2 8
m2 = 1 berserenjang.
2 Thus, the pair of the straight lines are perpendicular.
m1 ≠ m2
Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
selari.
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not parallel.

(c) Bagi / For x + y = 1 (iii) Garis AC dan garis BD berserenjang

5 2 Line AC and line BD are perpendicular
2x + 5y = 10 mBD = 2
y = – 2x + 2 3
5 Menggunakan titik M(–1, 6),
Bagi / For 2y = 5x + 1 Using point M(–1, 6),
y = 5x + 1 y − 6 = 2 [x − (−1)]

2 2 3
y = 2 x + 20
m1 m2 = – 2  5  = –1 3 3
5 2
(iv) y = 6x + 18 ................a
Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah
y = 2 x + 20 ..............b
berserenjang. 3 3
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are perpendicular.
6x + 18 = 2 x + 20
3 3
8. (a) (i) Apabila / When y = 0, 18x + 54 = 2x + 20
3x + 2(0) = 18 16x = –34
x = 6 x = – 17
∴ B(6, 0) 8
(ii) Katakan C(x, y) / Let C(x, y)  
y = 6 – 17 + 18
8
1(y) + 4(–3)

(6, 0) = 1(x) + 4(8) ,
1+4 1+4  = 21
4
x + 32 = 6 y – 12
=0
5 5 
∴ B – 17 , 21
8 4 
x + 32 = 30 y = 12
x = –2
∴ C(–2, 12) 9. (a) Apabila / When y = 0,
3x – 4(0) = 27
(iii) 3x + 2y = 18 x = 9
2y = −3x + 18 ∴ Q(9, 0)
y = − 3 x + 9
2 (b) 3x – 4y = 27
Kecerunan garis berserenjang dengan AC 4y = 3x – 27
The gradient of the line perpendicular to AC
y = = 3 x − 27
= –1 = 2 Tip Penting 4 4
–3 3 Persamaan garis lurus yang PQ adalah berserenjang dengan RS
2 melalui (x1, y1): PQ is perpendicular to RS
y – 0 = 2 (x – 6)
Equation of straight line which mPQ = – 4
3 passes through (x1, y1): 3
y = 2 x – 4
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y − 0 = – 4 (x − 9)

3 3
y = – 4 x + 12
3

(b) (i) M(x, y) = 2(–3) + 1(3) , 2(9) + 1(0)
2+1 2+1 
(c) PQ adalah berserenjang dengan RS, maka
= (–1, 6)
PQ ialah diameter bulatan.
PQ is perpendicular to RS, then PQ is the diameter of the
(ii) mAC = 9 – 0 = – 3 circle.
–3 – 3 2
Menggunakan / Using
Menggunakan titik C(3, 0),
Using point C(3, 0),
P(0, 12), Q(9, 0)
y – 0 = – 3 (x – 3) Diameter bulatan
2 The diameter of the circle
y = – 3 x + 9 = 
92 + 122
2 2 = 15 unit / units

Luas Poligon 12. (a) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
7.3 3 –3 –5 –4 3
=1
PBD
FORMATIF
Areas of Polygons
2 4 2 –1 5 4
10. Luas segi tiga PQR / Area of triangle PQR
1
= |(6 + 3 – 25 – 16) – (–12 – 10 + 4 + 15)|

= 1 × (QU + PT ) × TU +
2   12 × (PT + RS) × ST 2
1
= |–29|
2
=–  12 × (QU + RS) × SU = 14.5 unit2 / units2
= 1 (y2 + y1)(x1 – x2) + 1 (y1 + y3)(x3 – x1) (b) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
2 2 –2 1 7 2 –2
=1
– 1 (y2 + y3)(x3 – x2) 2 –3 –1 –10 –8 –3
2
1
1
= (x1y2 – x2y2 + x1y1 – x2y1 + x3y1 – x1y1 + x3y3 = |(2 – 10 – 56 – 6) – (–3 – 7 – 20 + 16)|
2
2
– x1y3 – x3y2 + x2y2 – x3y3 + x2y3) 1
= |–56|
2
= 1 (x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1 – x2y1 – x3y2 – x1y3) = 28 unit2 / units2
2
(c) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= 1 [(x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) – (x2y1 + x3y2 + x1y3)]
2 1 4 2 –3 1
=1
Menggunakan algoritma sholeace, luas segi tiga PQR 2 3 –1 6 5 3
By using the shoelace algorithm, the area of triangle PQR 1
= |(–1 + 24 + 10 – 9) – (12 – 2 – 18 + 5)|
x x2 x3 x1
=1 1 2
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 1
= |27|
2
= 1 |x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1 – x2y1 – x3y2 – x1y3| = 13.5 unit2 / units2
2
= 1 |(x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) – (x2y1 + x3y2 + x1y3)| 13. (a) Luas pentagon PQRST / Area of pentagon PQRST
2
–3 –2 1 2 –1 –3
Kesimpulan / Conclusion: =1
Maka, rumus luas segi tiga PQR menggunakan luas 2 2 3 1 –3 –4 2
trapezium adalah sama dengan menggunakan algoritma 1
= |(–9 – 2 – 3 – 8 – 2) – (–4 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 12)|
shoelace. 2
Thus, the formula of the area of triangle PQR by using the area 1
of trapeziums is the same as using shoelace algorithm.
= |–40|
2
= 20 unit2 / units2
11. (a) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC
1 –4 5 1 (b) Luas heksagon PQRSTU / Area of hexagon PQRSTU
=1 6 2 –1 –2 0 4 6
2 4 5 2 4 =1
1 24 6 5 2 1 2 4
= |(5 – 8 + 20) – (–16 + 25 + 2)| 1
2 = |(36 + 10 – 2 – 2 + 16) – (8 – 6 – 10 + 4 + 12)|
1 2
= |6| = 3 unit2 / units2 1
2 = |50|
2
(b) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC = 25 unit2 / units2
–2 –1 4 –2
=1 1 3 –5 a 3 = 18
2 –4 2 5 –4 14. (a)
1 2 5 9 a+2 5
= |(–4 – 5 – 16) – (4 + 8 – 10)| 1
2 |(27 – 5(a + 2) + 5a) – (–25 + 9a + 3(a + 2)| = 18
1 2
= |–27| = 13.5 unit2 / units2
2 1
(–12a + 36) = ±18
2
(c) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC –12a + 36 = ±36
1 2 5 1
=1 a = 0 atau / or 6
2 1 7 –1 1
1
= |(7 – 2 + 5) – (2 + 35 – 1)|
2
1
= |–26| = 13 unit2 / units2
2

1 4 t –1 4 = 16 (c) PA = 7
(b)
2 t –1 t – 2 t  [x – (–3)] + (y – 6)2 = 7
2
1 (x + 3)2 + (y – 6)2 = 49
|(–4 + t(t – 2) – t) – (t2 + 1 + 4(t – 2)| = 16
2 x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 49
–7t + 3 = ±32 x2 + y2 + 6x – 12y – 4 = 0
29
t = 5 atau / or –
7 PB 3
16. (a) =
PC 2
(c) 1 0 –2 4 0 = 11
2 4 1 k 4 
[x – (–5)]2 + (y – 3)2 3
=
1 
(x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2 2
|(–2k + 16) – (–8 + 4)| = 11
2 (x + 5)2 + (y – 3)2 9
1 =
|20 – 2k| = 11 (x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2 4
2
20 – 2k = ±22 4(x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 – 6y + 9) = 9(x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16)
k = –1 atau / or 21 4x2 + 40x + 4y2 – 24y + 136 = 9x2 – 36x + 9y2 – 72y + 180
∴ k = –1 5x2 + 5y2 – 76x – 48y + 44 = 0
(d) Luas segi tiga PQR PB 3

(b) =
Area of triangle PQR PC 1
3 –4 6 3
=1 
[x – (–1)]2 + (y – 1)2 3
2 4 1 –1 4 =
1 (x – 0)2 + [y – (–2)]2 1

= |(3 + 4 + 24) – (–16 + 6 – 3)|
2 (x + 1)2 + (y – 1)2 9
1 =
= |44| x2 + (y + 2)2 1
2 x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 9(x2 + y2 + 4y + 4)
= 22 unit2 / units2
x2 + 2x + y2 – 2y + 2 = 9x2 + 9y2 + 36y + 36
Luas sisi empat ABCD
Area of quadrilateral ABCD 8x2 + 8y2 – 2x + 38y + 34 = 0
3 –4 6 m 3
=1 (c)
PB 4
=
2 4 1 –1 2 4 PC 3
1 
[x – (–2)]2 + [y – (–1)]2 4
= |(3 + 4 + 12 + 4m) – (–16 + 6 – m + 6)| =
2 3
1 (x – 3) + (y – 2)
2 2
= |5m+ 23|
2 (x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 16
=
Luas sisi empat PQRS = 2 × Luas segi tiga PQR (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 9
Area of quadrilateral PQRS = 2 × Area of triangle PQR 9(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1) = 16(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4)
1 9x2 + 36x + 9y2 + 18y + 45 = 16x2 – 96x + 16y2 – 64y + 208
|5m + 23| = 2 × 22
2 7x2 + 7y2 – 132x – 82y + 163 =0
5m + 23 = ±88
m = 13
PA 2
17. (a) (i) =
PB 1
7.4
Persamaan Lokus 
(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 2
PBD Equations of Loci =
[x – (–2)]2 + (y – 4)2 1
FORMATIF

15. (a) PA = 3 (x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 4
[x – (–1)]2 + (y – 4)2 = 3 =
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 1
(x + 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 9
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16)
x + 2x + 1 + y2 – 8y + 16 = 9
2
x2 – 6x + y2 – 2y + 10 = 4x2 + 16x + 4y2 – 32y + 80
x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 8 = 0
3x2 + 3y2 + 22x – 30y + 70 = 0
(b) PA = 4
[x – (–2)] + [y – (–3)]2 = 4
2 (ii) Apabila / When y = 0
(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16 3x2 + 3y2 + 22x − 30y + 70 = 0
x + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 16
2 3x2 + 3(0)2 + 22x − 30(0) + 70 = 0
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 3 = 0 3x2 + 22x + 70 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 222 − 4(3)(70)
= −356  0

Maka, lokus P tidak bersilang dengan QS m

(d) =
paksi-x. QT n
Thus, the locus of P does not intersect the x-axis. 
(x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 m
= n
(b) (i) Diameter / Diameter 
(x – 1) + (y – 3)
2 2
= 
(–3 – 5)2 + (2 – 8)2 (x – 2)2 + y2 m2
=
= 10 unit / units (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 n2
n (x – 4x + 4 + y ) = m2(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 6y + 9)
2 2 2
Jejari / Radius = 5 unit / units

n2x2 – 4n2x + 4n2 + n2y2 = m2x2 – 2m2x + m2y2
Pusat bulatan / Centre of circle
– 6m2y + 10m2
2+8

= –3 + 5 ,
2 2  (m2 – n2)x2 + (m2 – n2)y2 + (4n2 – 2m2)x
– 6m2y + (10m2 – 4n2) = 0
= (1, 5)
Bandingkan dengan / Compare with
Lokus C / Locus of C 9x2 + 9y2 + 14x – 150y + 186 = 0

(x − 1)2 + (y − 5)2 = 5
6m2 = 150 m2 − n2 = 9
x − 2x + 1 + y2 − 10y + 25 = 25
2
m = ±5 25 − n2 = 9
x2 + y2 − 2x − 10y + 1 = 0
n = ±4
(ii) Apabila / When y = 0 m dan n mestilah bernilai positif, maka
x2 + (0)2 − 2x − 10(0) + 1 = 0 m = 5 dan n = 4.
x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 m and n must be positive values, then m = 5 and n = 4.
b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(1)(1) AR 1

18. (a) =
=0 AS 1
Maka, lokus C bersilang dengan paksi-x AR = AS
pada satu titik. (x + 4) + (y − 1)2 = (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2
2
Thus, the locus of C intersects the x-axis at one point. x + 8x + 16 + y2 − 2y + 1 = x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9

2
4x – 8y + 4 = 0
(c) (i) Titik P membentuk segi tiga bersudut
x − 2y + 1 = 0
tegak dengan titik A dan C.
Point P forms a right-angled triangle with points A AR 1
and C. (b) =
AS 1
y–2 y–5
mPA = ,m = 
(x – 5)2 + (y – 4)2 2
x – 1 PC x – 4 =

(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 1
mPA mPC = –1 (x – 5)2 + (y – 4)2 4
=

y–2 y–5
x–1 x–4   = –1 (x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 1
x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 – 8y + 16 = 4(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1)
y2 – 5y – 2y + 10 = –(x2 – 4x – x + 4)
x2 – 10x + y2 – 8y + 41 = 4x2 – 24x + 4y2 – 8y + 40
x2 + y2 – 5x – 7y + 14
=0
3x2 + 3y2 – 14x – 1 = 0
(ii) (a) DB = 3
(c) 3x2 + 3y2 − 14x − 1 = 0 …… a
 (x − 3) + (y − 7)2 = 3
2
x − 2y + 1 = 0 …… b
x + y − 6x − 14y + 49 = 0
2 2
x = 2y − 1
(b) Apabila / When x = 0, Gantikan x = 2y − 1 ke dalam a
02 + y2 − 6(0) − 14y + 49 = 0 Substitute x = 2y − 1 into a
y2 − 14y + 49 = 0 3(2y − 1)2 + 3y2 − 14(2y − 1) − 1 = 0
3(4y2 – 4y + 1) + 3y2 – 28y + 14 – 1 = 0
b2 − 4ac = (−14)2 − 4(1)(49)
15y2 − 40y + 16 = 0
=0
y = 2.18, 0.49
Maka, lokus D bersilang dengan
Apabila / When y = 2.18
paksi-y.
Thus, locus of D intersects with y-axis. x = 2(2.18) − 1 = 3.36
y2 – 14y + 49 = 0
Apabila / When y = 0.49
(y – 7)2 = 0 x = 2(0.49) − 1 = –0.02
y=7 Maka, kedua-dua elektron bertemu di
∴ (0, 7) (3.36, 2.18) dan (–0.02, 0.49).
Thus, both electrons meet at (3.36, 2.18) and (–0.02, 0.49).

PRAKTIS SUMATIF 7 Persamaan laluan lurus baharu

Equation of the new straight path
KERTAS 1 y – 1 = – 3 (x – 1)
2
10 0 2t 10
1. 1 = 32 y=– 3x+ 5
2 7 t 0 7 2 2
1
|(10t + 14t) – 2t2| = 32
2 5. (a) mOQ = 2–0 =– 8
12t – t2 = ±32 –1.75 – 0 7
mPR = mQR
12t – t2 = 32 12t – t2 = –32
t2 – 12t + 32 = 0
t – 12t – 32 = 0
2 = 5 – 2
2 – (–1.75)
t = 4, 8 t = –2.25, 14.25
= 4
5

2. (p, q) = (3t)(3) + (4p)(2) , (2t)(3) + (2q)(2)
5 5  mOQ × mPR = – 8 × 4
7 5
6t + 4q 32
= 9t + 8p , 5 5  =–
35
Oleh kerana mOQ × mPR ≠ –1, maka OQ tidak
p = 9t + 8p – 1 p = 1 q berserenjang dengan PR.
5 3 6
Since mOQ × mPR ≠ –1, then OQ is not perpendicular to PR.
1 q
t = – p ..........a p =–
3 2 (b) PQ : QR = 1 : 3, P(x, y)
6t + 4q
q= Q = 3x + 1(2) , 3y + 1(5)
 
5 1+3 1+3
1 3x + 2 3y + 5
t = q ..............b
6 (–1.75, 2) =  4
,
4 
3x + 2 = –1.75 , 3y +5 =2

(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 1 4 4
3. = x = –3 y =1
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 2
∴ P(–3, 1)
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 1
= (c) (i) Persamaan garis lurus OP
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 4
Equation of the straight line OP
4(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 + 4y + 4)
= x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16 y=– 1x
3
3x2 + 3y2 – 12x + 24y = 0 (ii) Luas segi tiga OPR / Area of triangle OPR
x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y = 0
= 1 |[(0)(1) + (−3)(5) + (2)(0)]
2 −[(0)(−3) + (1)(2) + (5)(0)]|
4. (a) Titik pertemuan / Meeting point = 8.5 unit2
= 3(4) + 1(–8) , 3(3) + 1(–5)
1 2
3+1 3+1 6. (a)
mAB × mBC = –1
= (1, 1) mAB × 3 = –1
Jarak / Distance mAB = – 1
= √[1 – (–8)]2 + [1 – (–5)]2 3
= 10.82 unit / units Persamaan garis lurus AB
Equation of straight line AB
(b) m = 3 – (–5) = 2 y=− 1x+5

4 – (–8) 3 3
Biar kecerunan laluan baharu = mT Selesaikan secara serentak / Solve simultaneously
Let the gradient of the new path = mT − 1 x + 5 = 3x – 3
3
mT 2 = –1
1 2 10 x = 8
3 3
mT = – 3 x = 12
2 5

Gantikan x = 12 ke dalam y = − 1 x + 5 Maka, pepenjuru PR dan QS berserenjang

5 3 antara satu sama lain.
12 1
Substitute x = into y = − x + 5 Thus, the diagonals PR and QS are perpendicular to each
5 3
other
y = – 1 12 + 51 2
3 5 y − 2 = 1 (x − 1)
(c)
y= 21 3
5 y = 1 x + 5
3 3
\ B 12 , 21
1 2
5 5
21 2. (a) Kecerunan garis yang berserenjang
Gradient of the perpendicular line
(b) (i) mOB = 5 = 7 1 1
12 4 = – =
5 –2 2
Persamaan garis lurus OB Persamaan garis yang berserenjang
Equation of straight line OB The equation of the perpendicular line
1
y= 7x y – (–3) = (x – 2)

4 2
(ii) Bagi persamaan garis lurus BC, pada 1
y = x – 4
pintasan-x, 2
For equation of straight line BC, at the x-intercept, Apabila / When y = p,
y = 0 1
p= x–4
3x – 3 = 0 2
x = 1 x = 2p + 8
Luas kawasan / Area of the region Maka, koordinat B ialah (2p + 8, p).
Thus, coordinates of B is (2p + 8, p).
0 1 12 0 0
= 1 5
2 0 0 21 5 0 2p + 8 0 2 2p + 8
5 (b) 1 = 24
2 p 0 –3 p
= 1 (0)(0) + (1) 21 + 12 (5) + (0)(0)
u3 1 2 1 2 4
1
[2p + 3(2p + 8)] = ±24
2 5 5 2
12 4p + 12 = ±24
– (0)(1) + (0) 3 + 21 (0) + (5)(0)
1 2 1 2 4u 4p + 12 = 24 , 4p + 12 = –24
5 5
p = 3 p = –9
u
= 1 81 – 0
2 5 u
= 81 unit2
10 3. (a) (i) V =  8 +2 2 , 8 +2(−4)  = (5, 2)
KERTAS 2 3x + (−7) , 3y + 17 = (5, 2)
 
3+1 3+1
1. (a) Titik persilangan antara pepenjuru PR dan
3x + (−7) = 5 , 3y + 17 = 2
QS ialah titik tengah garis PR dan QS.
3+1 3+1
The point of intersection between the diagonals PR and
QS is the midpoints of lines PR and QS. 3x − 7 = 20 3y + 17 = 8
Titik tengah garis PR = titik tengah garis QS x =9 y = −3
Midpoint of line PR = midpoint of line QS ∴T(9, − 3)
= −1 + 5 , −2 + 0
  (ii) Luas / Area of ΔSTU
2 2
= (2, − 1)
= 1 8 9 2 8  
2 8 –3 –4 8
(b) mPR = 0 − ( − 2) = 1
5 − ( − 1) 3 = 1 |( −24 − 36 + 16) − (72 − 6 − 32)|
2
mQS = 2 − ( − 4) = −3
1−3 = 1 |−78|
mPRmQS = 1 × (−3) 2
3 = 39 unit2
= −1

(b) P(x, y) (b) AP : PB = AB : BC = 1 : 2

S(8, 8)
2AP = PB
2 2
U(2, –4)
2√(x – 0)2 + [y – (–2)]2 = 1x – 3 2 + (y – 0)2
4(x2 + y2 + 4y + 4) = x2 – 4 x + 4 + y2
mPS = y − 8 3 9
x−8 27x2 + 27y2 + 12x + 144y + 140 = 0
y
mPU = − (−4)
x−2
(c) 1 0 2 k 0 = 14
mPSmPU = −1 2 –2 4 –1 –2
 yx −− 88  yx +– 24  = −1 1 [(0)(4) + (2)(–1) + (k)(–2)] – [(–2)(2) + (4)(k) + (–1)(0)] = 14
2
1 |(–2 – 2k) – (–4 + 4k)| = 14
y2 + 4y − 8y – 32 = −(x2 – 2x − 8x + 16)
2
x2 + y2 − 10x − 4y − 16 = 0
(–6k + 2) = ±28
Bagi / For T(9, –3)
92 + (−3)2 − 10(9) − 4(−3) − 16 = −4 –6k + 2 = 28 , –6k + 2 = –28
−4 ≠ 0 k = – 13 k=5
3
Maka, lokus P tidak melalui T.
Thus, locus of P does not pass through T.
5. (a) (i) PA = PB
4. (a) Biar titik / Let point B(x, 0) √(x – 0)2 + (y – 2)2 = √[x – (–4)]2 + (y – 0)2
4 – (–2) = 4 – 0 x2 + y2 – 4y + 4 = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2
–4y = 8x + 12
2–0 2–x
y = –2x – 3
x = 2
3
ALTERNATIF
\ B 2,0 1 2
KAEDAH
Titik tengah bagi AB / Midpoint of AB

3
= 1 0 +2(–4) , 2 +2 0 2 = (–2, 1)
ALTERNATIF
m 3 02– –(–4)
0
4 = –1
KAEDAH
4 – (–2)
m= =3
2–0
m 1 1 2 = –1
y = 3x – 2 2
Pintasan-x / x-intercept, y = 0 m = –2
0 = 3x – 2 y – 1 = –2[x – (–2)]
y = –2x – 3
x= 2
3

(ii) QC = 2
Biar / Let AB : BC = m : n √[x – (–3)]2 + (y – 2)2 = 2
2m + n(0) , 4m + n(–2) = 2 , 0 x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 22
1 m+n m+n 3 2 1 2 x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
2m = 2 (b) Gantikan y = −2x − 3 ke dalam

m+n 3 x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
6m = 2m + 2n Substitute y = −2x − 3 into x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
4m = 2n x2 + (–2x – 3)2 + 6x – 4(–2x – 3) + 9 = 0
2m = n x + 4x2 + 12x + 9 + 6x + 8x + 12 + 9 = 0
2
m = 1 5x2 + 26x + 30 = 0
n 2
x = –26 ± √26 – 4(5)(30)
2
\ AB : BC = 1 : 2
2(5)
= –26 ± √76
10
x = –1.728, −3.472

y = −2(−1.728) − 3 , y = −2(−3.472) − 3 Kepadatan penduduk

= 0.456 = 3.944 Population density
Titik persilangan ialah / Points of intersection are = 91 840

112
(−1.728, 0.456), (−3.472, 3.944) = 820 penduduk/km2 (people/km2)
(c) Titik tengah AC / Midpoint of AC
(b) Titik tengah BC / Midpoint of BC
= 0 + (–3) , 2 + 2 = – 3 , 2
1 2 1 2 10 + 2
2 2 2 
= 2 + (–2) ,
2 2 
= (0, 6)
Kecerunan BC / Gradient of BC
Gantikan – 3 , 2 ke dalam x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
1 2
2 = 10 – 2 = 2
3
Substitute 1– , 22 into x + y + 6x – 4y + 9 = 0
2 2 2 – (–2)
2 Kecerunan garis yang berserenjang
3 Gradient of the perpendicular line
+ 22 + 6 – 3 – 4(2) + 9 = – 7 ≠ 0
2
1– 2 2 1 2
2 4 =–1
2
Titik tengah AC tidak memuaskan persamaan,
Persamaan garis yang berserenjang
maka titik itu tidak bersilang dengan lokus The equation of the perpendicular line
bagi Q.
The midpoint of AC does not satisfy the equation, thus y − 6 = – 1 (x – 0)
2
the point does not intersect with the locus of Q.
y = – 1x + 6
2
Apabila / When x = 4,
APLIKASI KBAT y = – 1 (4) + 6 = 4
2
(a) Luas segi tiga ABC Maka, koordinat balai polis ialah (4, 4).
Area of triangle ABC Thus, the coordinates of the police station is (4, 4).
4 2 –2 4
=1 (c) 2 km = 1 unit
2 0 10 2 0
4 km = 2 unit / units
= 1 |(40 + 4) – (–20 + 8)| Katakan titik kereta polis itu ialah (x, y).
2
Let the point of the police car is (x, y).
= 28 unit2

(x − 4)2 + (y − 4)2 = 2
1 unit = 2 km x − 8x + 16 + y2 − 8y + 16 = 4
2
1 unit2 = 4 km2 x2 + y2 − 8x − 8y + 28 = 0
28 unit2 = 112 km2

AWAPAN Bab 8
Vektor
PBD 8.1 Vectors
FORMATIF
1. KUANTITI
QUANTITY
Skalar Vektor
Scalar Vector
Suhu Jisim Jarak Daya Sesaran Berat

Temperature Mass Distance Force Displacement Weight
9
:
2. (a) |CD | = 
=3m
02 + 32
 
6. (a) 6 1 k + 1 ~u = (4 − ℎ)~v
2
9
:
|CD | adalah ke utara.
|9
:
CD | is to the North. 2  
6 1 k + 1 = 0 dan /and (4 − ℎ) = 0
h=4
1 k = –1
:
9
(b) |EF | =  2
42 + (–4)2 k = −2
= 
32
2m
= 4
:
9 Penambahan dan Penolakan Vektor
|EF | adalah ke tenggara. PBD 8. 2 Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
FORMATIF
|:
9|
EF is to the Southeast.
7. (a)
3. a+b
~ ~
Sama dengan 9
: 9
: 9
:
b
~
Is equal to (a) EA as (b) DA as (c) ED a
~
Faktor 9
: 9
: 9
:
FB CB FC
penghubung (b)
Relating factor
2a + 2b
~ ~
4. (a) (i), (ii), (iii) 2b
~
2a
~
c
~ (c)
–1a
2c 3~
~ –1c –b
2~ ~
–c
~ –1a–b
3~ ~
9
: 9
: (d)
5. (a) |CD | |8 x| (b) |CD | = |8~x|
= ~ 3b
9
:
|KL | |20~x| KL | |6~x|
|9
: 2~ –2 a + 3 b
3~ 2~
9: 29 : 9: 49 :
CD = KL CD = KL –2a
5 3 3~

9: 9 : 9 : 9 : 9 :
8. (a) (i) NK + NL = NL + LK + NL (ii) – 1 m = n – 1 ............a
9: 9 :
= 2NL + LK 2
9: 9 : 1 m = 3 n ..................b
= 2–LN  – KL
= 2(–5~a) – 3~b 2 4
= –10~a – 3~b Gantikan b ke dalam a
Substitute b into a
9: 9 : 9:
(ii) LM = LN + NM
9:
= LN + 3KL
9
: – 3 n = n – 1
4
1m = 3 4
2 4 7  
= 5~a +3(3~b) n = 4 m= 6
7 7
= 5~a + 9~
b
(b) (i) Laju sebenar lebah 16.5 km/j
(b) (i) CP = – 1 OC (ii) CQ = 1 CB
9
: 9: 9: 9
: Actual speed of the bee Q 16.5 km/h
4 3
= 
282 + 16.52
= – 1~ = 1 OA
9: 28 km/j
c = 32.5 km/j (km/h) 28 km/h
4 3
= 1~
P
a
3 (ii) 16.5 km/j
16.5 km/h Q
9: 9 : 9 : 9: 9 : 9 :
(iii) PQ = PC + CQ (iv) OQ = OC + CQ
9: 9 :
c + 1 ~a
28 km/j
= –CP + CQ =~ 28 km/h
3
= 1 ~c + 1 ~a P
4 3
Laju paduan / Resultant speed
9: 9: = 
282 − 16.52
9. (a) (i) (a) QU = mQS = 22.62 km/j (km/h)
9: :
= m QP + PS 
Arah / Direction
:

= m –PQ + 1 PR
9
2
:
 sin θ = 16.5
28
9

: 1 9
= m –PQ +  PQ + QR 
2
: 9 :
 θ = 36°
Lebah itu bergerak pada laju 22.62 km/j

= m – 1 PQ + 1 QR 
9: 9:
2 2 dengan arah 36° ke kiri PQ.
The bee flies with the speed of 22.62 km/h with
= m – ~ 1
2x+ y 1
2~  direction of 36° to the left of PQ.
= – 1 m~x + 1 m y 8. 3
Vektor dalam Satah Cartes
2 2 ~ PBD
FORMATIF
Vectors in Cartesion Plane
9
: 9 : y
(b) PU = nPT 10.
9: 9 :
= n PQ + QT  g d
~ ~
B

= n PQ + 3 QR 
9
: 9
:
A
4

= n ~x + y 3
4~  C
O
x
= n~x + ny 3 e
~
4 ~ f
~
9: 9 : 9 :
QU = QP + PU
9: 9 :
= –PQ + PU 9
: |9
:
(a) OB = 3 j OB | = 
02 + 32
= –~ x + n~x + 3 ny ~
4 ~ 0 = 3 unit/units
= (n – 1)~x + 3 ny
=
3  

4 ~
9
: 9
:
(b) OC = –5~i – j |OC | = 
(–5)2 + (–1)2
~
–5
=
–1  
=  26 unit/units

(c) ~
d = 3~i + 2 j d| = 
|~ 32 + 22 (c) –4 –1
3
~    
~r – ~t = 5 – –3
=
2 
= 
13 unit/units
= –3  
8
(d) ~f = 3~i – j |~f | = 
32 + (–1)2
~ (d) 3 –1
=
3
  = 
10 unit/units    
~s – ~t = 2 – –3
–1
= 4  
(e) g = –2~i – 2 j | g| = 
(–2)2 + (–2)2 5
~ ~ ~
–2
=  
–2
= 
8 13. (a) 3y – 2z
~ ~
= 2 2 unit/units = 3(–2i~ + 4j ) – 2(–3i~ – j )
~ ~
= –6i~ + 12j + 6i~ + 2j
11. (a) | p| = 22 + 12 ~ ~
~ = 14j
= 5 unit/units ~
1
p̂ = (2~i + j ) (b) 4~x – y + 1 ~z
~  ~ ~ 3
5
2 1 = 4(~i + 5j ) – (–2i~ + 4j ) + 1 (–3i~ – j )
= ~i + j ~ ~ 3 ~

5 5~

= 4i~ + 20 j + 2i~ – 4 j – ~i – 1 j
~ ~ 3~
(b) | q| = 
(–2)2 + (3)2
~ = 5i~ – 47 j
= 
13 unit/units 3 ~
1 14. (a) (i) a–~ b = λ~ c
q̂ = (–2~i + 3 j ) ~
~  13 ~ k~i + 3 j – (–2~i + j ) = λ(6~i + 4 j)
2 3 ~ ~ ~
=– i+
~ j (k + 2)~i + 2 j = 6λ~i + 4 λ j
13 13 ~ ~ ~
Secara perbandingan / By comparison
(c) |~r | = 62 + 82 2 = 4λ
= 10 unit/units λ=1
2
1
~r̂ = 10 (6~i + 8~j ) k + 2 = 6λ
= 3 ~i + 4 j k+2=6 1  
5 5~ 2
k=1
~ = 
(d) |u| (–3)2 + (–4)2
a–~
(ii) 2~ c = 2(~i + 3 j) – (6~i + 4 j)
= 5 unit/units ~ ~
= 2~i + 6 j – 6~i – 4 j
û = 1 (–3~i – 4 j )
~
~
= –4~i + 2 j
~
5 ~ ~
3
= – ~i – j4
5 5~ c | = 
a–~
|2~ (–4)2 + (2)2
= 25 unit/units
(e) |~v| = 22 + (–4)2
a–~
Vektor unit bagi 2~ c
= 25 unit/units Unit vector of 2 a – c
~ ~
1 (2 i – 4 j ) 2 1
~v̂ = 25 ~ ~
=– i+
~ j

5 5~

1 2
= ~i – j (b) (i) Halaju paduan / Resultant velocity

5 5~
VR = –3~i + 2 j + 3~i
~
12. (a) 3 –1 = 2 j
   
~s + ~t = 2 + –3
~
(ii) |VR| = 
22 = 2 m s–1
= 2   Masa yang diperlukan / Time needed
–1
(b) –4 3 –1 600
     
~r + ~s + ~t = 5 + 2 + –3
=
2
= 300 saat / seconds
= –2   = 5 minit / minutes
4

15. (a) −4~i + 5 j + t (2~i − j) = −8~i + 9 j + t (3~i − 2 j) x–3=0

(b)
~ ~ ~ ~
(2t − 4)~i + (5 − t) j = (3t − 8)~i + (9 − 2t) j x = 3
~ ~
5 − t = 9 − 2t 8 + y = 3
t =4s y = −5
(b) Kedudukan zarah A dan zarah B bertemu h–4 1

Position of particle A and particle B meet 4. (a) 6k =m
2  
= −4~i + 5 j + 4 (2~i − j)
~ ~ h – 4 = m …… 1
= 4~i + j
~ 6k = 2m
Maka, titik pertemuan ialah (4, 1).
Thus, the meeting point is (4, 1).
3k = m …… 2
ALTERNATIF Secara perbandingan / By comparison
3k = h – 4
KAEDAH
Kedudukan zarah A dan zarah B bertemu

Position of particle A and particle B meet h = 3k + 4 …… 3
= –8~i + 9 j + 4(3~i – 2 j) √(h – 4)2 + (6k)2 = 15
~ ~
= 4~i + j
~ (h – 4)2 + (6k)2 = 152 …… 4
Maka, titik pertemuan ialah (4, 1).
Thus, the meeting point is (4, 1). Gantikan 3 ke dalam 4:
(3k + 4 – 4)2 + (6k)2 = 152
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 8 9k2 + 36k2 = 225
45k2 = 225
KERTAS 1 k2 = 5
9: 9
: k = √5 , k = –√5 (diabaikan / ignored)
1. (a) OA = ~i + 7 j , OB = −2~i + 3 j \ h = 3√5 + 4, k = √5
~ ~
9: 9 : 9 :
AB = AO + OB
9: 9 : PQ = 1 PR
(b) (i)
= −OA + OB 2
= −(~i + 7 j) + (−2~i + 3 j )
~ ~ = 1 (PO + OR)
= −3~i − 4 j 2
~
9
: = 1 (–OP + OR)
(b) |AB | = (−3)2 + (−4)2 2
= 5 unit / units
= 1 (–~ a+~b)
Vektor unit / Unit vector 2
= – 3 ~i – 4 j = – 1 ~ a+ 1~ b
5 5~ 2 2
: 9
9 : 9 : (ii) OQ = OP + PQ
2. PR = PQ + QR
= 2~x + 3 y + 4~x − 6 y
~ ~ = ~ a+ – 1~ a+ 1~
1 b 2
= 6~x − 3 y 2 2
~
= 1 ~ a+ 1~ b
PO = 2 PR
9: 9
:
2 2
3
= 2 (6~x − 3 y)
~
3 SR = 1 SQ
5. (a) (i)
= 4~x − 2 y 2
~
9: 9 : 9 : = 1 3 SP 1 2
OQ = OP + PQ 2 4
9
:
= –PO + PQ
= 3 (SO + OP)
= –(4~x – 2 y) + 2~x + 3 y 8
~ ~
= –2~x + 5 y
~ = 3 (–OS + OP)
8
9: 9 : 9 :
3. (a) OC = OB + BC = 3 (–~v+~ u)
= ~ b + 4~a 8
9: 9 : 9
CD = CO + OD
: = 3 ~ u– 3~v
8 8
= −(~ b + 4~ a) + 2~a
= −2~ a–~ b

(ii) OQ = OP + PQ KERTAS 2
= OP + 1 PS 9: 9 : 9 :
4 1. (a) (i) PQ = PO + OQ
9: 9 :
= OP + 1 (PO + OS) = −OP + OQ
4 = 3~x − 2 y + ~ x + 4y
~ ~
= OP + 1 (–OP + OS) = 4~x + 2 y
~
4
9
: 9 : 9 :
= OP + 1 OS
3 (ii) PR = PO + OR
9: 9 :
4 4 = −OP + OR
= ~ 3 u+ ~1 v = 3~x − 2 y + (n − 1)~x + 6 y
4 4 ~ ~
= (n + 2)~x + 4 y
~
9: 9:
(b) QT = QR + RT (b) PQ = λPR
4~x + 2 y = λ[(n + 2)~x + 4 y]
= – SR + RT ~ ~
4~x + 2 y = (n + 2) λ~x + 4λy
= – 3 ~u– 3~
1 v + 11 ~
u– 1 ~
2 v ~
8 8 8 24 4λ = 2
= ~u+ 1~ v λ=1
3 2
3 u+ 1v 1 (n + 2) = 4
OQ 4 ~ 4~
= 2
QT u+ 1~
~ v n = 6
3
3 u– 1v
1
4 ~ 3~ 2 9: 9 : 9 :
2. (a) (i) CD = CA + AD
= = −(24~ a + 12~b) + 2~
b
~u+ 1~v = −24~ a − 10~b
3
= 3 CO = 1 CD
9: 9:
4 2
\ OQ : QT = 3 : 4 = 1 (−24~ a − 10~
b)
2
= −12~ a − 5~b
9
: 9 : 9 : 9 :
6. (a) | PQ + QR + RS + SP | = 0
(ii) EC = 1 AC
9
: 9:
4
9
:
(b) QR = 9 j
~ = 1 (24~ a + 12~b)
4
9
: 9 :
PQ = SR = 5i~ + 5 j = 6~ a + 3~b
~
9
: 9 : 9 : 9: 9 : 9 :
PR = PQ + QR EO = EC + CO
= 5i~ + 5 j + 9 j = 6~ a + 3~
b − 12~a − 5~
b
~ ~
= 5i~ + 14 j = –6~ b
a – 2~
~
(c) hi~ + 10 j = 6~i + 8 j + t(4i~ + 3 j ) 9
:
~ ~ ~ (b) EB = ℎ(–6~a – 2~
b)
9
:
= (6 + 4t)i~ + (8 + 3t) j AB = 2k~b
~
Secara perbandingan / By comparison 9
: 9 : 9 :
EB = EA + AB
10 = 8 + 3t h = 6 + 4t –6ℎ~ b = − 3 (24~
a – 2ℎ~ a + 12~b) + 2k~b
2 4
t= 2
3 =6+4   3
–6ℎ~ a – 2ℎ~
b = −18~ a − 9~b + 2k~
b
26 –6ℎ~ a – 2ℎ~
b = −18~ a + (2k − 9)~
b
=
3 –6ℎ = −18 –2ℎ = 2k − 9
ℎ=3 –2(3) = 2k − 9
k =3
2

9: 9 : 9 : 9
: 9 : 9 :
3. (a) (i) NL = NK + KL 5. (a) (i) QT = QP + PT
9
: 9 :
= −3KR + KL = –12~x + 3 y
~
= −3~x + 2 y
~ TR 5
: 19 : (ii)
=
(ii) LT = LN TU 3
2 : 5
= − 1 NL
9: TR = (12~x)
2 3
= 20~x
= − 1 (−3~x + 2 y) :
2 ~ RT = –20~x
= ~ 3 x–y 9
: 9 : 9 :
2 ~ (iii) QR = QT + TR
9
: 9 : : = –12~x + 3 y + 20~x
KT = KL + LT ~
= 8~x + 3 y
= 2 y + 3 ~ x–y ~
~ 2 ~ : : :
= ~ 3 x+y (b) RS = RT + TS
2 ~ = –20~x + h y
9: 9 : 9 : ~
(b) (i) NM = NK + KM : :
9: 9
: RS = λ QT
= NK + qKT –20~x + h y = λ(–12~x + 3 y )
~ ~
= −3~ x + q 3~
2 
x+y
~  –20~x + h y = –12λ~x + 3λ y
~ ~
20 h
=
2
= 3 q – 3 ~x + q y ~

12 3
ℎ=5
(ii) Secara perbandingan dengan
By comparison with
6. (a) (i) Oleh sebab segi tiga ABR dan segi tiga
~ 2 
3p~x + 4 y = 3 q – 3 ~x + q y
~  ACD adalah serupa, maka
Since triangle ABR and triangle ACD are similar,
q=4 then
3 (4) − 3 = 3p
BD AB
2 p=1 =
CD AC
9: 9 : 9 : q 2p
4. (a) (i) OD = OC + CD ~ = ~
9: 9 : 4q
= 2OA + CD ~ AC
= 2(3~ a) + 12~
b AC = 8 p
= 6~ a + 12~b ~
AD = AC + CD
(ii) AB = 1 CD
9
: 9:
2 AD = 8 p + 4 q
~ ~
= 1 (12~

b)
2 (ii) DE = DA + AE
= 6~ b = –AD + AE
9: 9 : 9 : = –(8 p + 4 q) + 2 p + 3 q
(b) (i) AE = AB + BE ~ ~ ~ ~
: 9 : = –6 p – q
~ a + k~
b = AB + hBD ~ ~
9
: 9 : 9 :
~ a + k~ b + h BA + AC + CD 
b = 6~ (b) AR = AB + BR

b + h –AB + 1 OC + CD  = 2 p + q
: 9
: 9 :
~ a + k~
b = 6~ ~ ~
2 AD = 8 p + 4 q
~ ~
~ a + k~
b = 6~
b + h –6~ 
b + 1 (6~
2
a) + 12~
b  = 4(2 p + q)
~ ~
~ a + k~
b = 6~
b + h(3~a + 6~
b)
= 4AR
~ a + k~
b = 3h~
a + (6 + 6h)~b
AR
3h = 1 k = 6 + 6h = 1
AD 4
h = 1 k=6+6 1  
3 3 \ AR : AD = 1 : 4
k=8

(c) RE = RA + AE Bandingkan pekali j ,

~
Comparing the coefficient of j ,
= –AR+ AE ~
5t = −6t + 8
= –(2 p + q) + 2 p + 3 q 11t = 8
~ ~ ~ ~
= 2q
~ t= 8
= 2 BR 11
Kereta mainan X dan Y tidak akan bertemu
Oleh sebab RE = 2 BR dan R ialah titik kerana kedua-dua nilai t adalah tidak sama.
sepunya, titik-titik B, R dan E adalah segaris. Toy cars X and Y will not meet because both values of t are
Since RE = 2BR and R is the common point, the points B, not equal.
R and E are collinear.
7. (a) Vektor kedudukan bagi kereta mainan X

Position vector of toy car X APLIKASI KBAT
= (–6~i ) + t(3~i + 5 j )
~
= (3t – 6)~i + 5t j 9
: 9 : 9
1. AB = AO + OB
:
~
Vektor kedudukan bagi kereta mainan Y = –(3~i + 4 j) + (–~i – 2 j )
Position vector of toy car Y
~ ~
= –4~i – 6 j
= (– ~i + 8 j ) + t(2~i – 6 j ) ~
~ ~ 9
: 9 : 9 :
= (–2t – 1)~i + (–6t + 8) j AC = AO + OC
~ = –(3~i + 4 j) + h(~i + 2 j )
~ ~
(b) Selepas 3 saat, jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta = (h – 3)~i + (2h – 4) j
mainan X ~
After 3 seconds, distance travelled by toy car X |9: 9:
AC | = |AB |
= [3(3) – 6]~i + 5(3) j (ℎ − 3)2 + (2ℎ − 4)2 = 
 (−4)2 + (−6)2
~
= 3~i + 15 j (ℎ − 3) + (2ℎ − 4) = 52
2 2
~ ℎ − 6ℎ + 9 + 4ℎ2 − 16ℎ + 16 = 52
2
Selepas 3 saat, jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta
5ℎ2 − 22ℎ − 27 = 0
mainan Y
After 3 seconds, distance travelled by toy car Y
(5ℎ − 27)(ℎ + 1) = 0
= [–2(3) – 1]~i + [–6(3) + 8] j ℎ = 27 , −1
~ 5
= –7~i – 10 j
~ ∴ ℎ = 27
5
Jarak antara kereta mainan X dan Y
Distance between toy cars X and Y
2. (a) Daya paduan / Resultant force
= |3~i + 15 j – (–7~i – 10 j )|
~ ~ FR = F1 + F2 + F3
= |10~i + 25 j | = ~i + 5 j + (−4~i − j) + (−3~i + 4 j)
~ ~ ~ ~
= √102 + 252 = −6~i + 8 j
~
= 5√29 cm
(b) |FR | = 
(−6)2 + 82
(c) (3t – 6)~i + 5t j = (–2t – 1)~i + (–6t + 8) j = 10 N
~ ~
Bandingkan pekali ~i ,
Comparing the coefficient of ~i ,
3t − 6 = −2t − 1
5t = 5
t = 1

AWAPAN Bab 9
9.1
Petua Sinus 4. (a) sin ∠ABC = sin 34°
PBD
FORMATIF
Sine Rule 23 15
sin 34°
1. p q sin ∠ABC = × 23
r 15
(a) = =
sin P sin Q sin R ∠ABC = 59.03° atau / or
x y z ∠AB′C = 180° − 59.03°
(b) = = = 120.97°
sin 20° sin 40° sin 120°
∠ACB = 180° − 34° − 59.03° = 86.97°
x 15 atau / or
2. (a) =
sin 40° sin 60° ∠ACB′ = 180° − 34° − 120.97° = 25.03°
15
x = × sin 40° sin ∠PQR sin 30°
sin 60° (b) =
= 11.133 cm 8.2 6.5
sin 30°
sin ∠PQR = × 8.2
sin x sin 40° 6.5
(b) = ∠PQR = 39.11° atau / or
8 10
8 × sin 40° ∠PQ′R = 180° – 39.11°
sin x =
10 = 140.89°
x = 30.95°
∠PRQ = 180° − 30° – 39.11° = 110.89°
x 22 atau / or
(c) = ∠PRQ′ = 180° − 30° − 140.89° = 9.11°
sin 60° sin 45°
22
x = × sin 60° 5. (a) ∠XAY = 180° − 38° − 43° A
sin 45°
= 26.944 cm = 99°
h
AX 300
= 38° 43°
3. (a) Tidak wujud kes berambiguiti kerana dua sin 43° sin 99° X
300 m
Y
sudut diberi. 300

AX = × sin 43°
Ambiguous case does not exist because two angles are sin 99°
given. = 207.15 m
(b) D h
sin 38° =
207.15
9 cm
7 cm h = sin 38° × 207.15
38°
= 127.53 m
F E E (b) ∠AHB = 180° − 55° − 40° = 85°
Ya, wujud kes berambiguiti kerana bukan AH 50
=
sudut kandung ∠DFE diberi dan sisi DE lebih sin 40° sin 85°
pendek daripada sisi DF tetapi lebih panjang 50
AH = × sin 40°
daripada tinggi segi tiga. sin 85°
Yes, ambiguous case exists because the non-included = 32.26 km
angle ∠DFE is given and side DE is shorter than side DF
BH 50
but longer than the height of the triangle. =
Segi tiga kedua / Second triangle: DFE′ sin 55° sin 85°
50
BH = × sin 55°
(c) Tidak wujud kes berambiguiti kerana sudut sin 85°
kandung diberi. = 41.11 km
Ambiguous case does not exist because included angle is
given.
Padang A kerana jaraknya lebih dekat
berbanding padang B.
Field A because the distance is closer compared to field B.

Petua Kosinus 7. (a) BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2(AB)(AC) kos ∠A (cos ∠A)
PBD 9.2 Cosine Rule x2 = 10.72 + 13.52 − 2(10.7)(13.5) kos 60° (cos 60°)
FORMATIF
x = 12.341 cm
6. (a) A
(b) QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 − 2(PQ)(PR) kos ∠P (cos ∠P)
x2 = 4.82 + 62 − 2(4.8)(6) kos 36˚ 15′ (cos 36°15′)
b
h
c x = 3.548 cm
(c) BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2(AB)(AC) kos ∠A (cos ∠A)
8.32 = 4.52 + 6.52 − 2(4.5)(6.5) kos x (cos x)
C B
kos x = 4.5 + 6.5 − 8.3
x D a–x 2 2 2
(cos x) 2(4.5)(6.5)
Daripada segi tiga ACD,
From triangle ACD, x = 96.27°
b2 = x2 + ℎ2 (d) ST2 = RT2 + RS2 − 2(RT)(RS) kos ∠R (cos ∠R)
ℎ2 = b2 − x2 ……… x2 = 5.22 + 6.72 − 2(5.2)(6.7) kos 115˚ (cos 115°)
Daripada segi tiga ABD, x = 10.069 cm
From triangle ABD,
(e) LM2 = KL2 + KM2 − 2(KL)(KM) kos ∠K (cos ∠K)
c2 = ℎ2 + (a − x)2
7.72 = 8.52 + 6.92 − 2(8.5)(6.9) kos x (cos x)
c2 = ℎ2 + a2 − 2ax + x2 ………
kos x = 8.5 + 6.9 − 7.7
2 2 2
Gantikan  ke dalam : (cos x) 2(8.5)(6.9)

Substitute  into :
x = 58.91°
c2 = b2 − x2 + a2 − 2ax + x2
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ax ……… (f ) EF2 = EG2 + FG2 − 2(EG)(FG) kos ∠G (cos ∠G)
62 = 52 + x2 − 2(5)(x) kos 60° (cos 60°)
x − 5x − 11 = 0
2
kos C = x cos C = bx 
b x = −1.653, 6.653
x = b kos C …… (x = b cos C ………) ∴ x = 6.653
Gantikan  ke dalam : (g) UV2 = UW2 + VW2 − 2(UW)(VW) kos ∠W (cos ∠W)
Substitute  into : 52 = 32 + x2 − 2(3)(x) kos 120° (cos 120°)
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab kos C (c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C) x + 3x − 16 = 0
2
(b) x = −5.772, 2.772

A
∴ x = 2.772
b
c h
8. (a)
P 10 cm Q
5 cm 7 cm
C a B x D t t
Daripada segi tiga ABD,

S R
From triangle ABD, x 16 cm y
c2 = x2 + ℎ2 ………
x2 + t2 = 25 ..........a
kos B = − x
x
c

cos B = −
c  y2 + t2 = 49 ..........b
x = −c kos B …… (x = −c cos B ……) x + y = 6 ...............c
Daripada segi tiga ACD, a – b: x2 – y2 = –24
From triangle ACD, (x + y)(x – y) = –24.........d
b2 = (a + x)2 + ℎ2 Daripada c / From c: y = 6 − x.........e
b2 = a2 + 2ax + x2 + ℎ2 …… Gantikan e ke dalam d / Substitute e into d
Gantikan  dan  ke dalam : (x + 6 − x)(x − 6 + x) = −24
Substitute  and  into : 2x − 6 = −4
b2 = a2 + 2a(−c kos B) + c2 x=1
b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac kos B y=6−1=5
(b2 = a2 + 2a(−c cos B) + c2) t2 = 25 − 1
(b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos B)
t = 
24


24 2 = 52 + 12 − 2(5)(1) kos ∠PSR (b) 282 = 202 + 132 − 2(20)(13) kos ∠KML
(cos ∠PSR) (cos ∠KML)
5 + 1 − 24 kos ∠KML = 20 + 13 − 28
2 2 2 2 2
kos ∠PSR =
(cos ∠PSR) 2(5)(1) (cos ∠KML) 2(20)(13) L
28 km
∠PSR = 78° ∠KML = 114.42° θ
24  = 5 + 7 − 2(5)(7) kos ∠QRS

 2 2 2 θ = 114.42° − 90° 25°
K M
(cos ∠QRS) = 24.42° 20 km
kos ∠QRS = 52
+ 72
− 24 Bearing bandar L dari bandar M ialah 024°.
(cos ∠QRS) 2(5)(7) The bearing of city L from city M 024°.
∠QRS = 44°
Luas Segi Tiga
∠SPQ = 180° − 78° = 102° PBD 9. 3 Area of a Triangle
∠PQR = 180° − 44° = 136°
FORMATIF
10. (a) Luas / Area

∴ ∠PSR = 78°, ∠QRS = 44°, ∠SPQ = 102°
dan/and ∠PQR = 136° = 1 (9)(15) sin 25°
2
(b) (i) Katakan sudut dongak belon udara panas = 28.527 cm2
dari Alex ialah ∠BAC. (b) Luas / Area
Let the angle of elevation of the hot air balloon from
Alex is ∠BAC. = 1 (12)(8.5) sin 124°
4402 = 4002 + 5002 − 2(400)(500) kos ∠BAC 2
(cos ∠BAC) = 42.281 cm2
kos ∠BAC = 400 2
+ 5002
− 4402
(c) Luas / Area
2(400)(500)
(cos ∠BAC) B = 1 (3.5)(4) sin 26°
∠BAC = 57.25° 2
400 m 440 m = 3.069 cm2
A C 11. (a) B
500 m
4 cm
(ii) Katakan sudut dongak belon udara panas

A 9 cm C
dari Chandran ialah ∠BCA.
Let the angle of elevation of the hot air balloon from Luas / Area = 13.79
Chandran is ∠BCA. 1 (9)(4) sin ∠BAC = 13.79

4002 = 4402 + 5002 − 2(440)(500) 2
kos ∠BCA (cos ∠BCA) sin ∠BAC = 0.7661
∠BAC = 50°
kos ∠BCA = 440 + 500 − 400
2 2 2
(cos ∠BCA) 2(440)(500) (b) Luas / Area = 43.5 C

∠BCA = 49.87° 1 (12)(8) sin ∠ABC = 43.5
2 8 cm
(c) (i) ∠QPR = 90° − 15° = 75° sin ∠ABC = 0.9063
QR2 = 52 + 182 − 2(5)(18) kos 75˚ ∠ABC = 65° A 12 cm B
(cos 75°)
QR = 17.39 m 7 + 9 + 13 = 14.5
12. (a) s =
2
(ii) tan ∠STP = 9 Luas / Area
8 = 14.5(14.5 – 7)(14.5 – 9) (14.5 – 13)
∠STP = 48.37° = 29.95 cm2
5.5 + 10.2 + 12.3 = 14
9. (a) Jarak antara bandar K dan bandar M (b) s =
2
The distance between city K and city M
Luas / Area
= 50 km/j × 24 j 50 km/h × 24 h
 
60 60 = 
14(14 – 5.5)(14 – 10.2) (14 – 12.3)
= 20 km
= 27.73 cm2
LM2 = 282 + 202 − 2(28)(20) kos 25˚ (cos 25°) 31 + 25 + 37 = 46.5
LM = 13 km (c) s =
2
Luas / Area
=46.5(46.5 − 31)(46.5 − 25)(46.5 − 37)
= 383.68 cm2

13. (a) AQ = 

52 + 42 (ii) PS = 8
= 6.4 cm sin 70° sin 60°
QW = 
42 + 52 PS = 8 × sin 70°
sin 60°
= 6.4 cm
PS = 8.681 cm
AW = 
42 + 42
= 5.66 cm (iii) ∠RPS = 180° − 70° − 60° = 50°
Luas ΔPRS / Area of ΔPRS
s = 6.4 + 6.4 + 5.66 = 9.23
2 = 1 (8)(8.681) sin 50°
2
Luas ΔAQW / Area of ΔAQW = 26.6 cm2
= 9.23(9.23 − 6.4)(9.23 − 6.4)(9.23 − 5.66)
= 16.25 cm2 x + 2x + 5 x
(d) s = 2 = 11 x
(b) Luas / Area = 29 2 4
1 (9)(9) sin ∠BAC = 29
2
sin ∠BAC = 0.7160

11 x 11 x – x 11 x – 2x 11 x – 5 x = 8.55
 
4 4  4 4 2
231 x 4 = 73.1025
∠BAC = 45.73°
256
BC2 = 92 + 92 − 2(9)(9) kos 45.73° x 4 = 81
(cos 45.73°) x =3
BC = 7 cm
AC = 5 × 3 = 7.5 cm
2
s = 6 + 6 + 7 = 9.5
2 Luas ΔACD / Area of ΔACD
Luas ΔBCD / Area of ΔBCD = 1 (7.2)(7.5) sin 38°
2
= 
9.5(9.5 − 6)(9.5 − 6)(9.5 
− 7) = 16.62 cm2
= 17.06 cm2
(e) (i) MP = 16 L
Aplikasi Petua Sinus, Petua Kosinus dan Luas sin 28° sin 22°
28°
PBD 9.4 Segi Tiga MP = 20.052 cm 16 cm
FORMATIF
Application of Sine Rule, Cosine Rule and Area of a 22°
Triangle P M
(ii) MQ = 20.052 + 16 = 25.653 cm

2 2
14. (a) (i) 152= 302 + 342 − 2(30)(34) kos ∠ACB
(cos ∠ACB) LP = 16
kos ∠ACB = 0.8975 sin 130° sin 22°
(cos ∠ACB) LP = 32.719 cm
∠ACB = 26.16°
LQ = 
32.7192 + 162 = 36.422 cm
(ii) Luas / Area
= 2 × 1 × 30 × 34 × sin 26.16° LQ2 = LM2 + MQ2
2 − 2(LM)(MQ) kos ∠LMQ
= 449.70 cm2 (cos ∠LMQ)
kos ∠LMQ = 16 + 25.653 − 36.422

2 2 2
(b) (i) 72 = 3.62 + 72 − 2(3.6)(7) kos ∠PST
(cos ∠PST) (cos ∠LMQ) 2(16)(25.653)

∠PST = 75.1° ∠LMQ = 120.16°
(i) SQ = 8.5
Luas ΔLMQ / Area of ΔLMQ
sin 35° sin 75.1°
8.5 = 1 (16)(25.653) sin 120.16°
SQ = × sin 35˚ 2
sin 75.1° = 177.442 cm2
= 5.045 cm
(c) (i)
∠PRQ = 180° − 70° = 110° (iii) t = panjang terdekat dari bucu M ke
garis lurus LQ
PQ = 8 t = the shortest length vertex M to the straight
sin 110° sin 50°
line LQ
PQ = 8 × sin 110° 1 × 36.422 × t = 177.442
sin 50°
2
t = 9.744 cm
PQ = 9.813 cm

(f ) Bagi / For ΔPQR, ∠RQS = 180° − 98° − 19.43°

PQ2 = QR2 + PR2 − 2(QR)(PR) ∠kos R (cos ∠R) = 62.57°
902 = 702 + 802 − 2(70)(80) ∠kos R (cos ∠R)
(b) (i) Luas ΔPQS / Area of ΔPQS
kos ∠R = 70 + 80 − 90
2 2 2
2(70)(80) = 1 (4)(5) sin 82°

(cos ∠R) 2
∠R = 73.4° = 9.903 cm2
Bagi / For ΔMQR,
QM2 = QR2 + MR2 − 2(QR)(MR) kos ∠R (ii) Jarak terdekat dari titik P ke QS ialah
QM2 = 702 + 402 − 2(70)(40) kos 73.4° tinggi ∆PQS
QM = 70 m The shortest distance from point P to QS is the
height of ∆PQS
Bagi / For ΔQMN, 1 × 5.953 × t = 9.903

tan 16° = MN 2
70 t = 3.327 cm
MN = 20.1 m
2. (a) (i) PR2 = 7.52 + 3.52 − 2(7.5)(3.5) kos 70°
15. (a) 180° − 32° − 20.7° = 127.3° (cos 70°)
Selepas t jam, jarak yang dilalui oleh kapal P PR = 7.109 cm
After t hours, the distance travelled by ship P
= 20t km (ii) sin ∠PRQ = sin 70°
7.5 7.109
Selepas t jam, jarak yang dilalui oleh kapal Q sin 70° × 7.5
After t hours, the distance travelled by ship Q sin ∠PRQ =
7.109
= 30t km ∠PRQ = 82.47°
90
P Q
32° 20.7°
127.3° ∠PRS = ∠QPR
20t 30t
= 180° − 70° − 82.47°
902 = (20t)2 + (30t)2 − 2(20t)(30t) kos 127.3° = 27.53°
(cos ∠127.3°)
90 = 2 027.186t
2 2 sin ∠PSR = sin 27.53°
t2 = 3.9957 7.109 3.7
t =2 sin ∠PSR = sin 27.53° × 7.109
3.7
(b) Jarak yang dilalui kapal P selepas bertemu ∠PSR = 62.63°
Distance travelled by ship P after meet
= 20(5) − 20(2) = 60 km ∠PSR = 180° − 62.63° = 117.37°
Jarak yang dilalui kapal Q selepas bertemu
Distance travelled by ship Q after meet (b) (i) P
= 30(5) − 30(2) = 90 km
P Q 3.7 cm 7.109 cm
90 km 60 km
62.63°
d km 127.3° S S R
d = 90 + 60 − 2(90)(60) kos 127.3° (cos ∠127.3°)

2 2 2
d = 135.1 km (ii) ∠SPS’ = 180° − 2(62.63°) = 54.74°

Luas ∆PSS’ / Area of ∆PSS’
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 9
= 1 (3.7)(3.7) sin 54.74°
2
KERTAS 2 = 5.589 cm2
1. (a) (i) QS2 = 42 + 52 − 2(4)(5) kos 82°
(cos 82°) 1 × 3.8 × 6 × sin q = 10.5
3. (a) (i)
QS = 5.953 cm 2
sin q = 10.5
(ii) ∠QRS = 180° − 82° = 98° 11.4
sin ∠QSR = sin 98° q = 67.08°
2 5.953 ∠AOC = 180° – 67.08° = 112.92°
sin ∠QSR = sin 98° × 2 (ii) AC2 = 3.82 + 62 – 2(3.8)(6)(kos 112.92°)
5.953
AC = 8.258 cm (cos 112.92°)
∠QSR = 19.43°

(iii) 6 = 8.258 ∠ADB = 10p

5. (a)
sin ∠OAC sin 112.92° 360° 2p(15)
sin ∠OAC = 6 × sin 112.92° ∠ADB = 10p × 360°
8.258 2p(15)
∠OAC = 42.01° = 120°
AB2 = 152 + 152 – 2(15)(15)(kos 120°) (cos 120°)
(b) sin 75° = 9 AB = 25.98 cm
AB
AB = 9.317 cm (b) AC = BC = √152 + 202 = 25
Luas ΔABC / Area of ΔABC 25 + 25 + 25.98
s= = 37.99
2
= 1 × 9.317 × 8.258 × sin 75°
2 Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC
= 37.16 cm2 = √(37.99)(37.99 – 25)2(37.99 – 25.98)
Luas kawasan berlorek / Area of the shaded region = 277.47 cm2
= 37.16 − 10.5
DM
(c) kos 120° =
D
= 26.66 cm2
21 2
15 15 cm
DM = 7.5 cm
1 × 5 × 6 × sin ∠QPR = 10
4. (a) A M B
2
20
sin ∠QPR = 2 tan ∠DMC = C
3 7.5
∠QPR = 41.81° ∠DMC = 69.44°
20 cm
(b) ∠PRT = ∠QPR = 41.81°

D M
PT2 = 52 + 72 − 2(5)(7) kos 41.81° (cos 41.81°) 7.5 cm
PT = 4.672 cm
6. (a) PQ2 = 102 + 162 − 2(10)(16) kos 68˚
(c) 7 = 4.672 (cos 68°)
sin q sin 41.81° PQ = 15.37 cm

sin q = 7 × sin 41.81°
4.672 (b) (i) S2
q = 87.25° 13 cm
13 cm S1
R
∠TPR = 180° – 87.25° = 92.75° 68° 16 cm 48°
10 cm P
Q
(d) Luas ∆PTR / Area of ∆PTR
sin ∠PSR sin 48°
= 1 × 5 × 7 × sin 41.81° = 11.67 cm2 =
2 16 13
sin 48°
Biar / Let TS = SR = a sin ∠PSR = × 16
13
a2 + a2 = 72
∠PS2R = 66.15° atau / or
a2 = 49 ∠PS1R = 180° − 66.15˚
2 = 113.85°
Luas ∆STR / Area of ∆STR = 1 a2 (ii) (a) ∠PRS = 180° − 48° − 66.15°
2
= 65.85°
= 1 49 1 2
2 2 PS 13
=
= 12.25 cm2 sin 65.85° sin 48°
13
Luas pentagon PQRST / Area of pentagon PQRST PS = × sin 65.85°
sin 48°
= 10 + 11.67 + 12.25 = 33.92 cm2 PS = 15.96 cm

(b) Luas sisi empat PQRS

Area of quadrilateral PQRS
1 1
= (10)(16) sin 68˚ + (16)(15.96) sin 48˚ APLIKASI KBAT
2 2
= 74.17 + 94.88 1. Katakan jarak di antara rumah Dafi dengan
= 169.05 cm2 Muruga ialah x.
Let the distance between Dafi’s and Muruga’s houses is x.
7. (a) AP = 2 AQ = 2 (30) = 12 cm
sin ∠D = sin 78°
5 5 750 900
AD = 2 AC = 2 (20) = 40 cm
sin ∠D = sin 78° × 750
3 3 3 900
∠D = 54.6°
PD2 = 122 + 40 – 2(12) 40 (kos 29°) (cos 29°)
2
31 2 3 1 2
∠H = 180° – 78° – 54.6°
PD = 6.473 cm = 47.4°
40 x = 900
sin 47.4° sin 78°
3
(b) = 6.473 x = 900 × sin 47.4°
sin q sin 29° sin 78°
40 × sin 29° = 677.29 m
3
sin q = Masa diambil / Time taken
6.473
677.29
q = 87° =
2.5
∠APD = 180° − 87° = 93° = 270.916 saat / seconds
2.
(c) PQ = 3 AQ = 3 (30) = 18 cm A
9m B
5 5 9m
20 m
PR = 4PD = 4(6.473) = 25.892 cm 110°
E
Luas ΔPQR / Area of ΔPQR 10 m 60°

C
= 1 × 18 × 25.892 × sin 87°
D 18 m
2
= 232.71 cm2 BD2 = 202 + 182 − 2(20)(18) kos 60° (cos 60°)
BD = 19.079 m
Luas ΔADP / Area of ΔADP
AD2 = 102 + 92 − 2(10)(9) kos 110° (cos 110°)
= 1 × 40 × 12 × sin 29° AD = 15.574 m
2 3
= 38.78 cm2
15.5742 = 92 + 19.0792 − 2(9)(19.079) kos ∠ABD
(cos ∠ABD)
AB = PQ = 18 cm 92 + 19.0792 − 15.5742
kos ∠ABD =
Luas ΔABC / Area of ΔABC (cos ∠ABD) 2(9)(19.079)
= 1 × 20 × 18 × sin 29° ∠ABD = 53.88°
2
Luas taman bunga / Area of the flower garden
= 87.27 cm2
= luas ΔBCD + luas ΔABD + luas ΔADE
area of ΔBCD + area of ΔABD + area of ΔADE
Luas kawasan berlorek / Area of the shaded region
= Luas ∆PQR – (Luas ∆ABC – Luas ∆ADP) = 1 (20)(18) sin 60° + 1 (9)(19.079) sin 53.88°
Area of ∆PQR – (Area of ∆ABC – Area of ∆ADP)
2 2
= 232.71 − (87.27 – 38.78) + 1 (9)(10) sin 110°
2
= 184.22 cm2 = 155.885 + 69.353 + 42.286
= 267.524 m2

AWAPAN Bab 10
Number Indeks (c) I2020/2015 = 120

PBD
FORMATIF
1 0.1 Index Numbers I2020 / 2000
× 100 = 120
I2015 / 2000
Q2019
1. (a) I = × 100 180
Q2018 x × 100 = 120
= 420 × 100 = 140 x=
180
× 100
300 120
Purata bulanan bil telefon meningkat = 150
sebanyak 40% dari tahun 2018 hingga 2019.
The monthly average of the telephone bill increases 40% I2018 / 2010
3. (a) (i) I2018/2016 = × 100
from 2018 to 2019. I2016 / 2010
Q2017 125
(b) I = × 100 = × 100
Q2007 115.5
= 108.23
= 31 105 028 × 100 = 116.41
26 720 370 Peratusan kenaikan harga ialah 8.23%.
Populasi penduduk Malaysia meningkat The percentage of price increment is 8.23%.
sebanyak 16.41% dari tahun 2007 hingga
2017. 125
(ii) × 100 = 108.23
The population of Malaysia increases 16.41% from 2007 Q2016
125 × 100
to 2017. Q2016 =
108.23
QNov
(c) I = × 100 = RM115.49
QJun
Q
= 1.78 × 100 = 90.82 (b) (i) 2020 × 100 = 225
Q2016
1.96
Harga diesel seliter menurun sebanyak 9.18% 390 × 100 = 225
pada bulan November 2020 berbanding Q2016
390
pada Jun 2020. Q2016 = × 100
The price of diesel decreases 9.18% in November 2020 225
compared to June 2020. = RM173.33
= RM173
2. Q2018 165 Q2018 120
(a) = , =
Q2013 100 Q2016 100 Q2020 Q2016
(ii) I2020/2013 = × × 100
Q2016 Q2013
Q2016
I= × 100
Q2013 = 190 × 120 × 100
100 100
Q Q = 228
= 2016 × 2018 × 100
Q2018 Q2013
100 165 Indeks Gubahan
= × × 100 10. 2
120 100 PBD
FORMATIF
Composite Index
= 137.5 - 116(5) + 102(2) + 121(2) + 112(3)

5. (a) I =
Q 5+2+2+3
(b) x = 2020 × 100 1 362
Q2015 =
I 12
= 2020 / 2013 × 100
I2015 / 2013 = 113.5
215 - 116(126) + 102(108) + 121(36) + 112(90)
= × 100 (b) I =
160 126 + 108 + 36 + 90
= 134.38 40 068
=
360
= 111.3

-
6. (a) I = 124.5 P2015
(iii) × 100 = 127.5
130(4) + 3x + 121(1) + 120(5) P2014
= 124.5
4+3+1+5 30.60 × 100 = 127.5
1 241 + 3x
= 124.5 P2014
13 P2014 = 30.60 × 100
1 241 + 3x = 1 618.5 127.5
3x = 377.5 = RM24.00
x = 125.83
- Q
(b) I = 106 (c) (i) 2020 × 100 = 160
Q2015
115(3) + 103(6) + 117x + 90(4) x × 100 = 160
= 106
3+6+x+4 1.50
1 323 + 117x
= 106 x = 160 × 1.50
13 + x 100
1 323 + 117x = 1 378 + 106x = 2.40
11x = 55 Q
x=5 y = 2020 × 100
Q2015
7. (a) (i)
P2013 = 2.28 × 100
× 100 = 130 2.40
P2010
= 95
37.70 × 100 = 130
- 110(2) + 160(3) + 125(1) + 95(4)
P2010 (ii) I =
37.70 2+3+1+4
P2010 = × 100 1 205
130 = = 120.5
= RM29 10
P2010 120 P2013 135 (iii) I2020 / 2015 = 120.5, I2021 / 2020 = 108
(ii) = , =
P2009 100 P2010 100 Q Q
P P I2021 / 2015 = 2021 × 2020 × 100
I2013 / 2009 = 2013 × 2010 × 100 Q2020 Q2015
P2010 P2009
135 120 = 108 × 120.5 × 100
= × × 100 100 100
100 100 = 130.14
= 162
Q2021
- × 100 = 130.14
(iii) I = 128 50

135(40) + 30x + 105(10) + 130(20)
= 128 Q2021 = 130.14 × 50
40 + 30 + 10 + 20 100
9 050 + 30x = RM65.07
= 128
100
9 050 + 30x = 12 800 P2018
8. (a) × 100 = 120
30x = 3 750 P2016
x = 125 P2018
× 100 = 120
(b) (i) I = 120 4.20 120
P2015 P2018 = × 4.20
× 100 = 120 100
P2014 = RM5.04
x
× 100 = 120 (b) Peratus penggunaan bahan C
5.00
120 Percentage usage of material C
x= × 5.00 = (100 − 10 − 10 − 50)%
100
= 6.00 = 30%
140(10) + 120(10) + 160(30)
(ii) I = 125 + 90(50)
P2015 I2018/2016 =
× 100 = 125 100
P2014 = 119
y+2 P
× 100 = 125 2018 × 100 = 119
y P2016
y + 2 = 1.25y
y = 8.00 30 000
× 100 = 119
z = 8.00 + 2.00 P2016
P2016 = RM25 210.08
= 10.00

P2020 150 130(4m) + 130(3)

(c) =
P2018 100 + 125(4) + 100(8m)
(b) = 122
P P 4m + 3 + 4 + 8m
I2020/2016 = 2020 × 2018

P2018 P2016 1 320m + 890
= 122
12m + 7
= 150 × 119 × 100 1 320m + 890 = 1 464m + 854
100 100
= 178.5 144m = 36
m = 1
Peratus perubahan / Percentange changes 4
= 178.5 – 100
P2018 P2023
= 78.5% (c) I2018/2013 = × × 100
P2023 P2013
PRAKTIS SUMATIF 10
= 100 × 122 × 100
110 100
KERTAS 2 = 110.91
1. (a) 100 × v × 100 = 128 Q

125 100 v = 160 3. (a) (i) x = Q2021 × 100
2017
100 × 180 × 100 Q Q
= 150 = 2021 × 2019 × 100

w 100 w = 120 Q2019 Q2017
= 80 × 136 × 100

(b) Indeks gubahan tanpa pemberat 100 100
Composite index without weightages
= 108.8
= 160 + 180 + 125
3 y = 130 × 145 × 100
= 155 100 100
= 188.5
(c) x + 5 + 2x + 20 = 100
x = 25 4.15
(ii) × 100 = 188.5
Indeks gubahan Q2017
Composite index Q2017 = 4.15 × 100
125(25 + 5) + 120(2 × 25) + 150(20) 188.5
= = RM2.20
100
= 127.5 -
(b) I = 144.98
Biar P20 = harga mikrocip pada tahun 2020 108.8(2) + 123(6) + 188.5(4)
Let P20 = price of microchip in the year 2020 +160z + 130(3) = 144.98
P20 2+6+4+z+3
× 100 = 127.5
40 2099.6 + 160z = 2174.7 + 144.98z
127.5 × 40 15.02z = 75.1
P20 =
100 z=5
= RM51
Q
(c) 2021 × 100 = 144.98
7.45
144.98
Q2021 = × 7.45
2. (a) w = 26 × 100 100
20 = RM10.80
= 130
Harga jualan / Selling price
x × 100 = 130
= RM10.80 × 160%
18
x = RM23.40 = RM17.28
16 × 100 = 125
y
y = RM12.80 4. (a) x = 125 × 125 z × z = 121
100 100
z = RM24 = 156.25 z = 110
y = 120 × 120
100
= 144

(b)
P Q R S
Bilangan item
Number of items
(i) Biar w = pemberat bagi item R

Let w = weightage of item R
130(5) + 125(6) + 120w + 110(6) = 120.8

5+6+w+6
120w + 2 060 = 120.8w + 2 053.6
w =8
(ii) Biar P20 = kos pada tahun 2020

Let P20 = cost in the year 2020
P20
× 100 = 120.8
50
P20 = RM60.40
Bilangan maksimum rantai leher yang boleh dihasilkan
Maximum number of necklaces that can be produced
= RM1 000
RM60.40
= 16.56
\ 16 utas rantai leher / necklaces
5. (a) RM1.20 × 100 = 80

x x = RM1.50
y × 100 = 115
RM5.00
y = RM5.75
z = RM3.60 × 100
RM3.00
= 120
(105 × 25) + (120 × 35) +

(80 × 35) + (115 × 5)
(b) = 102
25 + 35 + 35 + 5
(c) P: I2022/2021 = 80; Q: I2022/2021 = 115;

R: I2022/2021 = 105
Katakan indeks harga pada tahun 2022 berdasarkan tahun 2021 bagi S ialah p.
Let the price index in the year 2022 based on the year 2021 for S in p.
(80 × 25) + (115 × 35) + (105 × 35)
+ (p × 5) = 101
25 + 35 + 35 + 5
9 700 + 5p = 101
100
p = 80

Harga bahan S pada tahun 2022

Price of material S in year 2022
P APLIKASI KBAT
2022 × 100 = 80
RM5.75

P2022 = RM4.60 1. (a) I2015/2011 = 121
Q2015
I2022/2019 = RM4.60 × 100 = 92
550
× 100 = 121
RM5.00 121
Q2015 = × 550
100
Q = RM665.50
6. (a) 2019 × 100 = 125
Q2017 -
(b) I2015/2011 = 113.75
1 600
x × 100 = 125 125(m + 3) + 108(4)
x = 1 280 + 96m + 121(3) = 113.75
y m+3+4+m+3
× 100 = 110 221m + 1 170
1 200 = 113.75
y = 1 320 2m + 10
920 221m + 1 170 = 227.5m + 1137.5
z= × 100
800 m =5
= 115
Q
(c) 2015 × 100 = 113.75
116(90) + 125(50) + 110(42) Q2011
- + 115(76) + 120(102) Q2015
(b) I =
3 800
× 100 = 113.75
360
= 117.47 113.75
Q2015 = × 3 800
100
= RM4 322.50
37 000
(c) × 100 = 117.47
Q2017 (d) Bagi jabatan Kewangan
Q2017 = RM31 497.40 For the Finance department
Q2016 Q2015
I2016/2011 = × × 100
- I Q2015 Q2011
(d) I2021/2019 = 2021/2017 × 100
I2019/2017 96 108
= × × 100
115 100 100
100 − m = × 100
117.47 = 103.68
= 97.9 -
I2016/2011
m = 2.1
125(8) + 103.68(4) + 96(5) + 121(3)
=
20
= 112.89

AWAPAN Pentaksiran Akhir Tahun
Kertas 1
d = ln 2
1 2 atau / or ln 2 – ln x
x
1. (a) PQ = 2~x – y
~
(b) ~x = –~i + 2 j 4. (logx 2)2 + logx √8 – 1 = 0
~ 3
y = 3~i – j (logx 2)2 + logx 2 2 – 1 = 0
~ ~
x
~ ~– y = – ~i + 2~j – (3~i – ~j ) 3(logx 2)2 + 3 logx 2 – 1 = 0 × 2 4
= –4~i + 3 j 2
~ 2 logx 2)2 + 3 logx 2 – 2 = 0
|~x – y | = √(–4)2 + 32 (2 logx 2 – 1)(logx 2 + 2) = 0
~
= √25
= 5 unit / units logx 2 = 1 , logx 2 = –2
1 2
(c) x2 = 2 x–2 = 2
Q
A x = 22 1 =2
M
x2
x=4
1
O x= atau / or √2
B 2 2
P
5. (a) Bagi / For 3x + 4y + 68 = 0,
1 y = – 3 x – 17
2. 3 2a (√b
2
– 4ac – b) – 1 (√b2 – 4ac + b)
43 4 m1 = – 3
4
2a 4
= – 1 2 (√b2 – 4ac – b)(√b2 – 4ac + b) Bagi / For x + y = 1,
4a p q
= – 1 2 (b2 – 4ac + b√b2 – 4ac – b√b2 – 4ac – b2) m2 = – q
4a p
= – 1 2 (– 4ac)
4a – 3 – q = –1
1 2
4 p
= c q = – 4 p …… 1
a 3
Gantikan (–12, –8) ke dalam x + y = 1,
3. 4 [2 ln(x + 1) + (4 – 1)d] = ln 64(x +
3
1)4
4 x y
p q
2 x6
Substitute (–12, –8) into
p
+
q
= 1,
2[ln(x + 1)2 + 3d] = ln 64(x +

3
1)4
4 –12 + (–8) = 1 …… 2

x6
p q
ln(x + 1)4 + 6d = ln 64(x +
3
1)4
4 Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2 / Substitute 1 into 2,
x6
–12 + (–8) = 1

6d = ln 64(x + 1) – ln(x + 1)4
4
3 4 p – 4p 1 2
x6 3
= ln 64(x + 3
1)4 ÷ (x + 1)4
4 –12 + 6 =1
x6 p p
6
= ln 64(x + 3
1)4 × 1
4 – =1
x6
(x + 1)4 p
p = –6
= ln 26
6
x 1 2 Gantikan p = –6 ke dalam 1,
= ln 2
6
Substitute p = –6 into 1,
x 1 2 q = – 4 (–6)
3
= 6 ln 2 1 2 = 8
x

Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Pentaksiran Akhir Tahun
(b) Bagi / For – x + y = 1, 8. (a) B(6, 10)

6 8
Pintasan-x / x-intercept = –6 (b) 6 = h(10) – 10
10
Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 8 60 = 10h – 10
Titik tengah / Midpoint h=7
Biar / Let f(x) = y
= 0 + (–12) , 8 + (–8)
1 2
2 2 y = 7x – 10
= (–6, 0) x
xy = 7x – 10
Pintasan-x bagi – x + y = 1 adalah sama 10 = x(7 – y)
6 8
dengan titik tengah antara pintasan-y dan x = 10
(–12, –8). 7–y
x y
The x-intercept of – + = 1 is the same as the midpoint g(x) = f –1(x)

6 8
between the y-intercept and (–12, –8). = 10 , x ≠ 7
7–x
·· 7x – 10 = x
6. (a) 7.85656… = 7.856 (c)
·· x
= 7 + 0.8 + 0.056
·· 7x – 10 = x2
= 7 + 8 + 0.056 x2 – 7x + 10 = 0
10
(x – 2)(x – 5) = 0
Secara perbandingan, / By comparing, x = 2, x = 5
v=7 Titik yang tetap sama ialah (2, 2) dan (5, 5)
w=8 Points that stay the same are (2, 2) and (5, 5)
·· Kaedah Alternatif
(b) x = 0.056
10 = x
= 0.0565656 …
7–x
= 0.056 + 0.00056 + 0.0000056 + …
10 = x(7 – x)
10 = 7x – x2
r = 0.00056 = 0.01
0.056 x – 7x + 10 = 0
2
0.056 (x – 2)(x – 5) = 0
x=
1 – 0.01 x = 2, x = 5
= 0.056
0.99 9. x – y + 4z = –3 …… 1
= 28 –2x + y – 2z = 6 …… 2
495 4x + 3y + 2z = 2 …… 3
1 + 2: –x + 2z = 3 …… 4
7.p – q = h~i + 5 j – (5~i + j )
~ ~ ~ ~ 1 × 3: 3x – 3y + 12z = –9 …… 5
= (h – 5)~i + 4 j
~ 3 + 5: 7x + 14z = –7
| p – q | = √(h – 5) + 4
2 2 x + 2z = –1 …… 6
~ ~
= √h2 – 10h + 25 + 16 4 + 6: 4z = 2
= √h2 – 10h + 41 z=1
2
|2~v| = 2√12 + (–2)2 = 2√5
Gantikan z = 1 ke dalam 4,
| p – q | = |2~v| 2
~ ~ Substitute z =
1
into 4,
√h2 – 10h + 41 = 2√5 2
h2 – 10h + 41 = (2√5)2 –x + 2 1 = 3
1 2
h2 – 10h + 41 = 20 2
h2 – 10h + 21 = 0 –x + 1 = 3
(h – 7)(h – 3) = 0 x = –2
h = 7, h = 3 Gantikan x = –2 dan z = 1 ke dalam 1,
1
2
Substitute x = –2 and z = into 1,
2

12. (a) (i) fg(x) = (2x2 − 13x + 15) + 2

–2 – y + 4 1 = –3
1 2
2 = 2x2 − 13x + 17
y=3
(ii) gf(x) = 2(x + 2)2 – 13(x + 2) + 15
\ A –2, 3, 1
1 2 = 2(x2 + 4x + 4) – 13x – 26 + 15
2 = 2x2 – 5x – 3
(b) (i) fg(x) = 0
10. (a) Luas segi tiga PSU / Area of triangle PSU
2x2 – 13x + 17 = 0
= Luas segi empat PQST – Luas segi tiga STU
– Luas segi tiga PQS –(–13) ± √(–13)2 – 4(2)(17)
x=
Area of rectangle PQST – Area of triangle STU 2(2)
– Area of triangle PQS x = 4.686, x = 1.814
= (b – d)(c – a) – 1 (b – d)(c – a) – 1 (b – d)(c – e) (ii) gf(x) > 0
2 2 2x – 5x – 3 > 0
2
1
= [(b – d)(c – a) – (b – d)(c – e)]
2 (2x + 1)(x – 3) > 0
= 1 [bc – ab – cd + ad – (bc – be – cd + de)] x = – 1, x = 3

2 2
–1 3
= 1 (–ab + ad + be – de) \ x < – 1, x > 3

2
2 2
= 1 |ad + be – ab – de| 13. (a) P(x, y), M(h, 0), h , 0
2 (x – h)2 + (y – 0)2 = 10
= 1 |(ad + be) – (ab + de)| unit2 x2 – 2hx + h2 + y2 = 10
2 x2 + y2 – 2hx + h2 – 10 = 0
(b) Luas segi tiga PSU / Area of triangle PSU Secara perbandingan / By comparing
–2h = 4 , h2 – 10 = –6
= 1 a – 1 b + b(–a) – ab + – 1 b (–a)
u3 1 2 4 3 1 2 4u h = –2 h2 = 4
2 2 2
1 h = ±2
= |–3ab| \ M(–2, 0)
2
= 3 ab (b) x2 + y2 + 4x – 6 = 0
2 x2 + (–x)2 + 4x – 6 = 0
11. (a) Kecerunan / Gradient 2x2 + 4x – 6 = 0
x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
= 4–5 =– 1 (x + 3)(x – 1) = 0
6–2 4
x = –3, x = 1
Y – 5 = – 1 (X – 2) Titik-titik persilangan ialah (–3, 3) dan (1, –1).
4 Points of intersection are (–3, 3) and (1, –1).
Y = – 1 X + 11
4 2
(c) A = 1 –2 –3 1 –2
u u
2 0 3 –1 0
log10 y = – 1 1 + 111 2 1
4 x 2 = |[–2(3) + (–3)(–1) + (1)(0)]
2 – [0(–3) + 3(1) + (–1)(–2)]|
Apabila / When x = – 1 ,
2 = 1 |–8|
2
log10 y = – 1 1 + 11
4 –1
2
1 2
2
= 4 unit2
1 1 1
= 6 14. (a) LHS = + +
loga abc logb abc logc abc
y = 106 atau / or 1 000 000
logabc a logabc b logabc c
= + +
1 1 11
(b) log10 y = –
4 x  
+
2
logabc abc logabc abc logabc abc
logabc a + logabc b + logabc c
1 =
log10 y = – + 11(2x) logabc abc
4x 4x logabc abc
=
= 22x – 1 logabc abc
4x
22x – 1
= 1
y = 10 4x = RHS

(b) 4 · 128x = 16x2 Kertas 2

22 × 27x = 24x2
22 + 7x = 24x2 1. (a) y = – 1 x2 + 6 x – 45
100 5
Bandingkan indeks / Comparing the indices,
= – 1 x2 – 120x + –120 – –120 – 45
2 2
2 + 7x = 4x2
100 3 2 1 2 2 1 24
2
4x – 7x – 2 = 0
(4x + 1)(x – 2) = 0 = – 1 [x2 – 120x + (–60)2 – (–60)2] – 45
100
x = – 1, x = 2
4 = – 1 [(x – 60)2 – 3 600] – 45
100
25p q7 2
= 25 × p
3 3
(c) 125p q  1 125
10 3
7 – 10

× q2 – 3
= – 1 (x – 60)2 + 36 – 45
100
= 1 × p–3 × q–1
3
5 1  = – 1 (x – 60)2 – 9
100
= 13
3
5p q 1  Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (60, –9)
= 1 (b) (i) Tinggi / Height = –9 – (–45)

125p9q3 = 36 m
(ii) Oleh sebab koordinat-x bagi titik
15. (a) y =x+1…1 maksimum (60, –9) ialah titik tengah
ky + xy – 1 = 0 …… 2
2
rentang utama jambatan, panjang
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2 / Substitute 1 into 2, rentang utama jambatan
Since x-coordinate of the maximum point (60, –9)
k(x + 1)2 + x(x + 1) – 1 = 0
is the midpoint of the main span of the bridge, the
k(x2 + 2x + 1) + x2 + x – 1 = 0 length of the main span of the bridge
kx2 + 2kx + k + x2 + x – 1 = 0 = 2 × 60
(k + 1)x2 + (2k + 1)x + k – 1 = 0
= 120 m
Oleh sebab y = x + 1 ialah tangen kepada Kaedah Alternatif
lengkung, maka Apabila y = –45, nilai x ialah panjang
Since y = x + 1 is the tangent to the curve, then
rentang utama jambatan
b2 – 4ac =0 When y = –45, the value of x is the length of the
(2k + 1)2 – 4(k + 1)(k – 1) =0 main span of the bridge
4k2 + 4k + 1 – 4k2 + 4 =0 –45 = – 1 x2 + 6 x – 45
4k + 5 =0 100 5
1 6
k =– 5 x + x = 0
2
4 100 5
1
(b) Gantikan k = – 5 ke dalam x(x – 120) = 0
100
4 x = 0, x = 120
5
Substitute k = – into
4 Maka, panjang rentang utama jambatan
(k + 1)x2 + (2k + 1)x + k – 1 = 0 Therefore, the length of the main span of the bridge
= 120 m
1– 54 + 12x + 321– 54 2 + 14x + 1– 54 2 – 1 = 0
2
2. (a) (i) p(x) = x – 4 500

– 1 x2 – 3 x – 9 =0
4 2 4 (ii) q(x) = x × 0.07 × 4
x + 6x + 9
2
=0 q(x) = 0.28x
(x + 3)2 =0 (iii) qp(x) = 0.28(x – 4 500)
x = –3 qp(x) = 0.28x – 1 260
y = –3 + 1 = –2
(b) qp(x) = 12 740
Titik ketangenan / Point of tangency
0.28x – 1 260 = 12 740
= (–3, –2)
x = 50 000

3. (a) Panjang setiap bahagian / Length of each part BO + (5~i + 6 j ) = 1 (8~i + 2 j )

~ 2 ~
= 6 + √15 BO = 4~i + j – (5~i + 6 j )
√5 + √3 ~ ~
= –~i – 5 j
= 6 + √15 × √5 – √3 ~
√5 + √3 √5 – √3
OB = –BO
= 6√5 – 6√3 + (√15)(√5) – (√15)(√3)
(√5)2 – (√3)2 = –(–~i – 5 j )
~
= ~i + 5 j
= 6√5 – 6√3 + 5√3 – 3√5 ~
5–3 Atau / Or
= 3√5 – √3 OC = 8~i + 2 j + (–3i + 4j)
2 ~
= 5~i + 6 j
= √5 – 1 √3 m
3
1 2 ~
2 2 C(5, 6)
(b) Pada awalnya / Initially, t = 0 B = –3 + 5 , 4 + 6 = (1, 5)
1 2
hek(0) = 18 2 2
h = 18 OB = ~i + 5 j
~
Pada / At t = 20 ln 5
(b) Biar / Let
18ek(20 ln 5) = 90
ek(20 ln 5) = 90 OD = h 1 2
18 k
ln ek(20 ln 5) = ln 5 CD = CO + OD
(20k ln 5) ln e = ln 5
20k = 1 =– 5 + h 1 2 1 2
6 k
k= 1 h – 5
20 =
k–6 1 2
4. (a) (i) AE = AO + OE
CE = CO + OE
= –(–3~i + 4 j ) + (8~i – 6 j )
= 11~i – 10 j
~ ~ =– 5 + 8 1 2 1 2
~ 6 –6
(ii) AB = 1 AC = 3 1 2
2 –12
= 1 (8~i + 2 j ) CE = 3CD
2 ~
3 =3 h–5
= 4~i + j
~ –12 1 2 k–6 1 2
3 = 3h – 15 , –12 = 3k – 18
AB = 4~i + j
~ h=6 k=2
AO + OB = 4~i + j
~ OD = 6 1 2
–(–3~i + 4 j ) + OB = 4~i + j 2
~ ~
OB = 4~i + j + (–3~i + 4 j ) Kaedah Alternatif
~ ~ C(5, 6), E(8, –6)
= ~i + 5 j
~
D = 1(8) + 2(5) , 1(–6) + 2(6) = (6, 2)
1 2
Kaedah Alternatif 1+2 1+2
AO + OC = 8~i + 2 j
~ OD = 6 1 2
–(–3~i + 4 j ) + OC = 8~i + 2 j 2
~ ~
OC = 8~i + 2 j + (–3~i + 4 j ) 5. (a) T1 = p(5)2 × 0.1 = 2.5p
~ ~
= 5~i + 6 j T2 = p(5 × 1.05)2 × 0.1 = 2.5(1.1025)p
~ T3 = p(5 × 1.05 × 1.05)2 × 0.1 = 2.5(1.1025)2 p
BC = 1 AC T2 T3
2 = = 1.1025
T1 T2
BO + OC = 1 AC
2

Maka, isi padu silinder-silinder nipis itu (b) Kecerunan / Gradient

membentuk janjang geometri. log5 243
Thus, the volume of the thin cylinders form a geometric =–
log5 9
progression.
Nisbah sepunya / Common ratio = 1.1025 log9 243 log9 9
=– ÷
log9 5 log9 5
(b) (i) Isi padu silinder yang ke-13, T13
Volume of the 13th cylinder, T13 log9 243
=– × log9 5
= 2.5p(1.1025)13 – 1 log9 5
= 8.063p cm3 = –log9 243
5
(ii) Bilangan silinder / Number of cylinders = –log9 9 2
= 8 = 80 = – 5 log9 9
0.1 2
S80 = 2.5p(1.1025 – 1) =– 5
80
1.1025 – 1 2
= 59 886.25p cm3 Persamaan garis lurus
Equation of the straight line
6. (a) Biar / Let P(x, y) y = – 5 x + log5 243
√(x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 – √(x – 8)2 + (y – 0)2 = 4 2
(√x2 + y2)2 = [4 + √(x – 8)2 + y2]2
(c) Gantikan x = log25 1 ke dalam persamaan
1 2
x2 + y2 = 16 + 8√(x – 8)2 + y2 + (x – 8)2 + y2 garis lurus 81
x2 + y2 = 16 + 8√(x – 8)2 + y2 + x2 – 16x 1
+ 64 + y2 Substitute x = log25
line
21 2
into the equation of the straight
0 = 80 – 16x + 8√(x – 8)2 + y2

0 = 10 – 2x + √(x – 8)2 + y2 y = – 5 log25 1 + log5 243
3 1 24
2 81
[2x – 10]2 = [√(x – 8)2 + y2 ]2
4x2 – 40x + 100 = x2 – 16x + 64 + y2 log5 1 1 2
5 81 + log 243
3x2 – y2 – 24x + 36 = 0 = – 3
2 log5 25 5 4
(b) y – 2x + 10 = 0 log5 1 1 2
y = 2x – 10 …… 1 = – 5 3 81 + log 243
4
2 2 5
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 3x2 – y2 – 24x + 36 = 0
Substitute 1 into 3x2 – y2 – 24x + 36 = 0
= – 5 log5 1 + log5 243
1 2
3x – (2x – 10) – 24x + 36 = 0
2 2 4 81
3x2 – (4x2 – 40x + 100) – 24x + 36 = 0 5
= log5 1 4 + log5 243
–
3x2 – 4x2 + 40x – 100 – 24x + 36 = 0 81 1 2
–x2 + 16x – 64 = 0
= log5 243 + log5 243
b2 – 4ac = 162 – 4(–1)(–64) = 0 = 2 log5 243
Oleh sebab b2 – 4ac = 0, garis lurus log10 243
y – 2x + 10 = 0 ialah tangen kepada
= 2 1
log10 5 2
lengkung itu. = 6.826
Since b2 – 4ac = 0, the straight line y – 2x + 10 = 0 is a
tangent to the curve.
8. (a) T1 = 1 π(2)2 = π
4
7. (a) Biar / Let loga b = x
T2 = 1 π(2 × 2)2 = 4π
ax = b 4
logc ax = logc b
T3 = 1 π(2 × 2 × 2)2 = 16π
x logc a = logc b 4
logc b T2 T3
x = = =4
logc a T1 T2
logc b Maka, luas bagi sukuan-sukuan membentuk
\ loga b =
logc a janjang geometri. Nisbah sepunya = 4
Thus, the areas of the quadrants form a geometric
progression. Common ratio = 4

(b) Biar j = jejari bagi sukuan x

Let j = radius of the quadrant x+1
f (x) =
3
1 (2πj) = 64p 2 x +1 1 2
4 x+1
j = 128
= x , x ≠ – 1
A = 1 π(128)2 = 4 096π 3x + 1 3
4
f n(x) = x ,x≠– 1
Tn = 4 096π nx + 1 n
π(4)n – 1 = 4 096π
4n – 1 = 46 10. (a) 2(x + x + 4) – 2y = 2
n–1=6 4x + 8 – 2y = 2
n = 7 2y = 4x + 6
Sukuan ke-7 / 7th quadrant y = 2x + 3 …… 1
(c) S6 – S3 1 y(y + 5) – x(x + 4) = 90
= π(4 – 1) – π(4 – 1)
6 3
2 2
4–1 4–1 y + 5y – 2x2 – 8x = 180 …… 2
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2,
= π(4 095) – π(63) Substitute 1 into 2,
3 3
= 1 344π cm 2 (2x + 3)2 + 5(2x + 3) – 2x2 – 8x = 180
4x + 12x + 9 + 10x + 15 – 2x2 – 8x – 180 = 0
2
2x2 + 14x – 156 = 0

9. (a) x = –1 x2 + 7x – 78 = 0
(b) f(–5) = –5 = 5 (x – 6)(x + 13) = 0
–5 + 1 4 x = 6, x = –13
f(–2) = –2 = 2 y = 2(6) + 3 , y = 2(–13) + 3
–2 + 1 = 15 = –23
Julat nilai f ialah 5 < f < 2 Oleh sebab kedua-dua nilai x dan y mestilah
4 positif, maka x = 6, y = 15
5
Range of values of f is <f<2 Since both values of x and y must be positive, then x = 6,
4
y = 15
x
(c) Biar / Let y =
x+1 (b) Biar panjang sisi yang bertentangan = L
xy + y = x Let the length of the opposite side = L
y = x – xy
L = 152 + 20
2
= x(1 – y) 2 1 2 = 18.03
x= y Perimeter / Perimeter
1–y
= 2(18.03) + 20
x ,x≠1 2
f –1(x) = = 46.06 cm
1–x
y
y = f(x)
y=x 11. (a) x3 –0.20 –0.10 0.29 0.40 0.59 0.71
y = g(x) 1
O
x 0.48 1.01 2.97 3.50 4.43 5.05
y
y = f –1(x)
x
x + 1
(d) f2(x) = x
+1
x+1
= x , x ≠ – 1
2x + 1 2

(b) 1 Peratus perubahan harga dari tahun 2017

y
hingga tahun 2020 bagi bahan M
5.5 Percentage of price change from the year 2017 to the
year 2020 for ingredient M
5.0 = 133.5 – 100
= 33.5%
4.5
4.0
(c) (i) Indeks gubahan pada tahun 2023
berasaskan tahun 2017
3.5
Composite index in the year 2023 based on the
year 2017
3.0 145 × 130 × 100 = 188.5
100 100
2.5
(ii) Biar P23 = harga puding pada tahun 2023
2.0
Let P23 = the price of the pudding in the year 2023
P23
× 100 = 188.5
1.5 30
P23 = 188.5 × 30
1.0 100
= RM56.55
0.5
13. (a) w = 115 × 130% = 149.5
x3
x = 130 × 145 × 100 = 188.5
–0.4 –0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
100 100
y = 150
(c) (i) Pintasan-x3 = –0.3 z × 115% = 138
x3-intercept = –0.3
x = 3√(–0.3) z = 138 × 100
115
= –0.6694 = 120
(ii) c = 1.5 (b) h + 1 h + 20 + 50 = 100

2
m = – 1.5 = 5 h = 20
–0.3
1 = 5x3 + 1.5 Indeks gubahan pada 2024 berasaskan 2020
Composite indexc in 2024 based on 2020
y
y = 31
= 149.5(20) + 188.5(10) + 150(20) + 138(50)
5x + 1.5 100
= 147.75
12. (a) Biar P17 = harga bahan N pada tahun 2017
Let P17 = the price of ingredient N in the year 2017 (c) Biar kos pembuatan pada tahun 2024 = C
Let the cost of production in the year 2024 = C
7.50 × 100 = 150
C × 100 = 147.75

P17
P17 = RM5 40
C = RM59.10
(b) Pemberat bagi bahan M Harga jualan pada tahun 2024
Weightage for ingredient M Selling price in the year 2024
= 360° – 110° – 90° – 60° = RM59.10 × 150%
= 100° = RM88.65
120(110°) + 125(90°) + h(100°)
+ 150(60°) 14. (a) 5.6 = 5
= 130 sin 92° sin ∠ACB
360°
33 450 + 100h = 46 800 sin ∠ACB = 5 × sin 92°
100h = 13 350 5.6
h = 133.5 ∠ACB = 63.17°

(b) 1 (2.4)(CE)(sin 63.17°) = 5.2 (iii) Luas segi tiga QRS / Area of triangle QRS
2
CE = 4.856 = 1 (9)(13)(sin 80°)
2
DE2 = (2.4)2 + (4.856)2 = 57.61 cm2
– 2(2.4)(4.856)(kos 63.17°)
(cos 63.17°) ∠PSQ = 180° – 100° – 37.77°
DE = 4.338 cm = 42.23°
(c) 2.4 = 4.338 Luas segi tiga PQS

sin ∠DEC sin 63.17° Area of triangle PQS
sin ∠DEC = 2.4 × sin 63.17° = 1 (9)(14.47)(sin 42.23°)

4.338 2
∠DEC = 29.58° = 43.76 cm2
(d) Biar d = jarak terpendek dari titik D ke tepi CE Luas sisi empat PQRS
Let d = the shortest distance from point D to the edge CE Area of quadrilateral PQRS
1 × d × 4.856 = 5.2 = 57.61 + 43.76
2 = 101.37 cm2
d = 2.142 cm
(b) (i)
S
15. (a) (i) QS2 = 132 + 92 – 2(13)(9)(kos 80°) Q
(cos 80°)
P
QS = 14.47 cm
9 14.47 (ii) ∠P’S’Q’ = 180° – 42.23°
(ii) =
sin ∠PQS sin (180° – 80°) = 137.77°
sin ∠PQS = 9 × sin 100°
14.47
∠PQS = 37.77°

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AWAPAN Bab 1

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

5. (a) (i) x y = f(x) = |3x + 1| 8. (a) gf(x) = x – 7

6. (a) (i) fg(x) (iii) gg(x) 2x + 1

2 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Function f is not one-to-one function because the horizontal –8 – 2 2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(e) Katakan / Let y = 2x PRAKTIS SUMATIF 1

4 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

3. (a) f(q) = p dan / and g(q) = r (b) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

6 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(ii) P(4) = 20 + 15(3) = 65 (b) gf(x) = 0.065(x – 10 000)

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

8 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(g) x = –4 ±16 – 4(–1)(–1) (d) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots

Maka, / Thus, x = 2.364

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Hasil darab punca: (c) 2x2 – 5x + 3  3 y

(iii) Hasil tambah punca: (d) 3x2 – 7x – 5 + 2x + 3  0 y

6. (a) (2x – 3)(x + 1)  3 y (b) b2 – 4ac = (–12)2 – 4(9)(4)

Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah 0  x  1 . b2 – 4ac  0

10 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) b2 – 4ac = 0 (c) b2 – 4ac =0

Dua punca nyata dan berbeza (d) –4, 5 –20  12 , – 814  x= 1

= (−1)2 − 4(1)(5) = 2x2 – 3x + 9 – 49

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) f(x) = –(x2 + 8x – 6) (iii) f(x)

Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = –4

12 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

14 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

f(x) = –(x – 3)2 + 1 16p2 + 32pq + 16q2 – 16p2 – 4pr = 0

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

3. Lebar / Width = x, Panjang / Length = 150 − 2x

256 – 8t(20 – 2t)  0 = 5 625 = 2 812.5 m2

12 + 6x – 2x2  4 (3m + 2)(m − 2)  0

16 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c Gantikan x = 15 ke dalam g

18 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

5. (a) Katakan / Let Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam (4)

2y + y + z = 14 000 9x2 − 8x2 + 8x − 2 + 9 = 0

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) x2 − 6x + y2 + 4y = 67 ............a 7. (a)

Maka, x = 7 , y = 34 dan x = −5, y = 2.

20 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

9. (a) Persamaan garis MN 1 – 2: 2k = 2

(b) Panjang sisi dinding MN 2 – 1: (2b – 6a)x – 3z = 4 …… 4

21 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b 4. 2x + 2y = 16

22 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

6. Biar bilangan tiket dewasa = x Gantikan x = 1 ke dalam 

Gantikan 3 ke dalam 1: x = 1, y = 1− dan / and x = 2, y = − 2

3 − 1 = 4 ................... Dari / From 5:

23 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

2y2 − 81y + 765 = 0

24 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

25 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) 8x × 16x + 1 = 1 (c) 3x + 1 × 92 − x = 1 Hukum Surd

26 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

27 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

38 – 1110 Hukum Logaritma

1110 – 38 11. (a) log4 256 = 4 (e) 28 = 256

Graf log10 T melawan log10 V – 2