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User Interaction: This is generally considered as part of the functional requirements rather than the non-functional requirements. User interaction refers to how a user will interact with the system—what
functions they can perform, what outputs they yearn, how the system responses to their inputs, etc. These are tied to the tasks the system needs to perform and are usually described in use cases. User
interaction can affect aspects like interface design, error handling, and overall system workflow.
Non-functional requirements refer to the quality attributes or standards that the system must function within, such as security, scalability, or portability.
Portability: This is a non-functional requirement that refers to the ability of software to be moved from one environment to another. For example, from one operating system to another (like Windows to
Linux), or from one hardware configuration to another. The software, if designed to be portable, should require minimal adaptation to smoothly function in the new environment.
Security: Security is another non-functional requirement and is essential for any software system. It refers to the software's ability to prevent unauthorized access, resist attacks, protect data, and
recover from compromises. This encompasses aspects such as authentication, encryption, access controls, and audit trails.
Scalability: Scalability is also a non-functional requirement. A scalable system is capable of handling an increasing amount of work by adding resources to the system. This means if the number of users
increases unexpectedly, the system should be able to accommodate this increase without impacting performance or functionality. There are two main types of scalability: vertical (adding more power to
existing hardware) and horizontal (adding more hardware to distribute the work).
So, the correct answer is User interaction

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.‫ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ وﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺗﮫ‬،‫ وﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻮق إﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮫ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﮭﺎ‬- ‫ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم إﻟﻰ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.‫ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ھﺬا ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺟﺰ ًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬:‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء وﺳﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‬.‫وﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ھﺬه ﺑﺎﻟﻤﮭﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﻈﺎم إﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ وﻋﺎدة ً ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺻﻔﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن وﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬،‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻮدة أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺿﻤﻨﮭﺎ‬
.‫أو ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
،ً‫ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻻ‬،‫ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ أو ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﺟﮭﺎز إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ‬،(Linux ‫ إﻟﻰ‬Windows ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ )ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ ھﺬا ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ وظﯿﻔﻲ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﺌﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى‬:‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
.‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬
.‫ واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﺎت‬،‫ وﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬،‫ وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت‬،‫ وﯾﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﺑﮫ‬.‫ ﯾﻌﺪ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒًﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ وظﯿﻔﻲ آﺧﺮ وھﻮ ﺿﺮوري ﻷي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻲ‬:‫اﻷﻣﺎن‬
.‫وﯾﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدﻗﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻔﯿﺮ وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل وﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﺪﻗﯿﻖ‬
،‫ وھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﮫ إذا زاد ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺪر ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮارد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒًﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ وظﯿﻔﻲ‬ ً ‫ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ أﯾ‬:‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬
.(‫ اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ )إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة( واﻷﻓﻘﻲ )إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬:‫ ھﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬.‫ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﯿﻌﺎب ھﺬه اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة دون اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷداء أو اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬ ً ‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ھﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬،‫ﻟﺬا‬

‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ‬1 ‫ﻣﻨﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ رﻗﻢ‬

‫اﺑﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬

‫دروس اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﺑﻨﻚ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات وھﻤﯿﺔ وﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت‬

‫ طﻼب‬+ ‫ ﻛﺮور روﺑﯿﺔ‬5.6 ‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
:3 ‫ﺳﺆال ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫(؟‬DFD) ‫ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫دي اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﯾﺮي‬
(‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ )اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ أدﻧﺎه‬
‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬:3 ‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬3 ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺴﺆال‬
‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬- ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬

- ‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬
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