Container ship development

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

No Hatch Covers

Emma Maersk

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Carrying capacities of Crude Carrier in DWT (deadweight tons)
are categorized into :
 Handysize Crude Carrier : 10.000 – 34.999 dwt;
 Handymax Crude Carrier : 35.000 – 49.999 dwt;
 Panamax Crude Carrier : 50.000 – 79.999 dwt;
 Aframax Crude Carrier : 80.000 – 119.999 dwt;
 Suezmax Crude Carrier : 120.000 – 199.999 dwt;
 Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) : 200.000 – 319.999 dwt;
 Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) : > 320.000 dwt;
 The largest ULCC is 564.939 dwt

J.S.Putrahardja BULK CARGO HANDLING 2008

4
MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
Management of Load and Discharge Process
Operations Planning
1 Berth use 2 Loading Plan

•To optimize operation sequence

•To optimize location and use
– Information in advance
– Sequence of arrival ships
– Reliability and modifications
– Length of operations
– Equipment assignment

Execution and Control of Operations

3 On board 4 Quay-yard 5 Control of
operation Transport movements
Hatch cover To establish circuits To assure movements
Unlashing Number of machines order
Shifting • On holds
Discharging/Loading MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar • On storage area
 Management of Storage Process

2 Positioning control
1 Yard Organization
of containers
•Division by areas •Necessary to do operations
– Export •Transmission speed of information
– Import
– Empty
– Inspection
– Special containers

3 Positioning
4 Pre-stowage 5 Internal
control of
operations movements
machines
Necessary to Previous To access to a specific
movements movements unit
assignment To facilitate To position for
discharge inspection
sequence
MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
 Services of Container
Container Handling System
• MAIN SERVICES
• Physical movement of container
– Ship - Gate
– Gate – Ship
– Ship – Ship
– Ship – Yard – Ship (transhipment)
– Gate – Yard – Gate (Empty)
• Temporary storage
– Full container
– Empty container

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Main Process of a container terminal (1)

Receipt Horizontal Horizontal Load

Storage
(Delivery) Transport Transport (Discharge)
•Physical Flow of Goods

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Source: A. Monfort et al.
 LCLs Export.
LCLs Import.

Empty Export.
Empty Import.

FCLs Export.
FCLs Import.

CFS

Containers unstuffed for Export.

Empties
Road

Road

Railway
Railway

Return FCLs Import. as empties

Retourn Empties as FCLs Export.

Return FCLs Import. as FCLs Export.

Return Empties as FCLs Export.

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Main Entrance

Parking
Workshop

Office & Control

Área de loading/unloading

Container Freight Station

Specials Empties

IMPORT CONTAINERS

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

EXPORT CONTAINERS

Gantry Cranes
Terminal CERES

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Terminal CERES (Amsterdam)
130 cont/h

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Productivity
Average number of containers handled
per hour from ship to quay
Antwerp (Belgium) 90 (*)

Zeebrugge (Belgium) 82 (*)

Rotterdam (The Netherlands) 90 (*)

Hamburg (Germany) 90 (*)

Le Havre (France) 55

Barcelona (Spain) 41

Marseilles (France) 41

Genova (Italy) 46

(*) : These ports work with « twin-lift »

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
Handling Yard Equipment (1)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Handling Yard Equipment (2)

Fuente: Mol C y NV – Belgium

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
Handling Yard Equipment (3)

Source: ECT
MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
Handling Yard Equipment (4)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Handling Yard Equipment (5)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Handling Yard Equipment (6)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Handling Yard Equipment (7)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

Handling Yard Equipment (8)

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Quay Cranes
• Evolution of size quay cranes
Ships 1000-4000
TEUs de capacity:
until 13 rows of
containers.

Ships 5000-6000
TEUs until 18
rows.

Ships of 6000-
8000 TEUs until
20 rows

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar

 Handling Automation (1)
• Auto Positioning System
• Transponder
– Metallic plates at ground level
– Codified or not
– Cheap
• DGPS
– Via Satellite
– Very flexible
– Signal shadows
• Ladar
– Optronic laser radar
– Accuracy
– Weather condition problems
MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
 Handling Automation (3)
On Yard Position control

Counter Wheel

X
RESET COUNT ANTENNA
MOVEMENT
ENCODER

X
Reset Count Antenna

LANE FINISH RESET COUNT TAG

LANE START RESET
COUNT TAG Lane Finish
Reset Count TAG
MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar
Terima kasih

MTI - HAPI, Ajiph Razifwan Anwar