INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM - UGM 2021/2022

II. VOCABULARY
PART A - CLOZE TEXT
For questions 1-15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each blank
space in the text.
For decades, pregnant women and women who may become pregnant have been advised to
take folic acid to help..... (1) certain birth defects.
But a new study suggests it may be possible to get too much of a good thing — very high
levels of the vitamin in mothers' blood at the time of childbirth was linked to higher risk of their
children .....(2) autism years later.
Other research points to an opposite relationship between folic acid and autism, showing
that ..... (3) amounts of the vitamin at the time of conception can significantly reduce the risk.
Indeed, some experts ..... (4) questions about the new research. They note the findings are
preliminary numbers, and based on a small number of families seen at only one hospital.
Also, the analysis is based on measures of the vitamin in mothers' blood at the time of
delivery, which may not ..... (5) much about what was going on in the women's body at the time of
early fetal brain development.
Even the researchers themselves said there's no cause to change current public health
recommendations. "We are not suggesting anyone stop ..... (6)," said one of the researchers, M.
Daniele Fallin of Johns Hopkins University's school of public health.
But it raises an ..... (7) question that should be explored in other research, Fallin said. Two
outside experts agreed.
"It's a finding that has ...... (8)," said Dr. Ezra Susser, a Columbia University professor of
epidemiology and psychiatry. He said other researchers have ......(9) whether too much folic acid can
cause problems. The findings were presented Wednesday at an autism research conference in
Baltimore.
Folate is a vitamin found in foods that is important in cell growth and development of the
nervous system. A synthetic version, folic acid, is used in supplements and is used ...... (10) flour and
cereals.
Decades ago, researchers found certain levels of folic acid could prevent major birth ...... (11)
of the baby's brain and spine. In the early 1990s, U.S. health officials began recommending that all
women who might become pregnant should take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. And in the late
1990s, federal regulations began ..... (12)that folic acid be added to flour, bread and other grain
products.
Those steps are considered one of the great public health success stories of the last half-
century. Officials estimate that 1,000 birth defects are prevented each year because of it. The new
researchers followed 1,391 children who were born at Boston University Medical Center in 1998
through 2013. About 100 of them were later ...... (13) with an autism spectrum disorder.
Those are very small numbers of cases. But they represent significantly higher proportions
than were seen in moms whose children who didn't develop autism. If both levels are extremely
high, there is more than a 17-fold greater risk that a child will develop autism, the researchers said.
Most of the moms in the study said they took multivitamins — which would include folic
acid and vitamin B12 — throughout their.... (14). But the researchers say they don't know why some
women had such high levels in their blood.
It may be related to taking too many supplements and eating too many fortified foods. Or
there could be a genetic reason that caused some women ...... (15) more folate than others. Or there
could be a combination, they said.
1. A. secure 2. A. developing
B. prevent B. causing
C. raise C. declining
D. create D. evolving
 INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM - UGM 2021/2022

3. A. average C. wondered
B. reasonable D. debated
C. adequate
D. insufficient 10. A. to forage
B. to enervate
4. A. raised C. to fortify
B. built D. to consolidate
C. extruded
D. unleashed 11. A. flaws
B. defects
5. A. conceal C. faults
B. betray D. mistakes
C. confide
D. reveal 12. A. mandating
B. admitting
6. A. reduction C. manifesting
B. supplementation D. advising
C. proliferation
D. expansion 13. A. recognized
B. Ceased
7. A. compelling C. diagnosed
B. compulsive D. terminated
C. intriguing
D. enthralling 14. A. adolescence
B. development
8. A. plausibility C. childhood
B. capability D. pregnancy
C. municipality
D. refutation 15. A. to absorb
B. to abate
9. A. wandered C. to reduce
B. considered D. to diminish

PART B – COLLOCATION
For questions 16-30, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D that best collocates (combines)
with each of the underlined words or phrases in the following sentences.

16. He gave us a ........ account of all that you C. drew

had achieved over there. D. pulled
A. Ready
B. Yellow 18. We need to take some ........ action before
C. Luxury it is too late.
D. Glowing A. Casual
B. Latest
17. Mr. Barry looked at my first two printouts C. Decisive
and ... to the conclusion that I was arguing D. Crowning
for Method A. In reality though, I think
Method B is better. 19. People who work on double yellow lines
A. jumped .... a heavy fine.
B. ran A. face
 INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM - UGM 2021/2022

C. not she receives the right backing and is

D. only discovered by the right people.
A. who has sung
15. Heather Friedman, __________ at many B. has sung
school functions and other community C. sung
events, is destined for fame and fortune if D. sang

PART B CLOZE TEXT

For questions 16-25, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each blank
space in the text.
Spectacular swarms of flying ants are a common summer phenomenon. Sometimes people
will observe winged ants issuing in large numbers, ..... (16) by the wingless workers, from a colony
established between a sidewalk crack or in a small mound. Other times only the winged forms will
be seen, .... (17) large numbers around certain prominent points in the landscape.
Some background. Ants are social insects. The colony is established through the initial
efforts of a mated "queen", ..... (18). Originally winged, after mating she sheds her wings and the no
longer used wing muscles are an important source of nutrients for her during the early stages of
colony development. Very, very few queens ...... (19) survive this period and establish a functional
colony.
...... (20), if the colony makes it through this period it can begin to grow. Wingless, non-
sexually mature workers are reared which subsequently help expand the colony. After several years,
the colony may be well-established and then some resources are put into rearing reproductive
forms. These are the winged ants, some females - the potential future queens - and the majority
males.
..... (21), usually following by 3-5 days a heavy rain, the winged reproductive forms emerge
from the colony in large swarms. Such swarming behavior is usually synchronized by other nearby
colonies so large numbers of winged ants suddenly appear. All mating for the species takes place,
often over the course of a single day. The males die and the mated females ..... (22).
One behavior associated with some ants during mating swarms .... (23) "hilltopping". This
refers to their aggregation around prominent points of a landscape where they search for mates. A
large tree, the chimney of a roof or even ..... (24) might serve as such an "action site" for swarming
winged ants. My favorite hilltopping site was the top of the US West tower in downtown Denver,
which annually is the site for millions of harvester ants to aggregate.
Although dramatic, swarming ants .... (25) or risk of increased ant infestation. Those seen
emerging from a colony were always there and are in the process of leaving the colony permanently.
Mated females amongst aggregating masses similarly disperse from the area.
http://coopext.colostate.edu/4dmg/Pests/flyant.htm

16. A. are pushed out C. a sexual mature female

B. pushed out D. a sexually mature female
C. pushing out
D. be pushed out 19. A. success
B. succeed
17. A. aggregate in C. successful
B. aggregating D. successfully
C. aggregating in
D. in aggregation 20. A. Furthermore
B. Although
18. A. a mature sexual female C. However
B. a female mature sexually D. Despite
 INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM - UGM 2021/2022

23. A. was
21. A. in periodical B. is
B. periodically C. are
C. in periodic D. have been
D. to be periodical
24. A. tractor moving across the plains
22. A. dispersed to attempt establishing a B. a tractor moving across the plains
new colony C. tractor moving the plains across
B. disperses to attempt establishing a new D. a tractor moving the plains across
colony
C. dispersed to attempt established a new 25. A. do not pose no harm
colony B. pose not harm
D. disperse to attempt establishing a new C. pose no harm
colony D. do not pose not harm

PART C – ERROR IDENTIFICATION

For questions 26-30, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which is wrong.

26. An orangutan escaped from the zoo and was foraged food in a residential neighborhood.
A B C D
27. Spanish is the only course that it is not offered in the summer term, but there are several classes
A B C
offered in the fall.
D
28. Sarah was not best speaker in the class, but her personality and ability to convey her feelings
A B C
helped her become the most requested.
D
29. The issues learned during the early stages of the project causing the researchers to initiate
A B C
additional research.
D
30. Television news producers are sometimes accuse of sensationalism, but it appears that is what
A B C D
the public desires.
31. When a massive star in the Magellanic Cloud exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos were
A B C
detected on earth.
D
32. After the team of geologists had drawn diagrams in their notebooks and wrote
A B
explanations of the formation which they had observed, they returned to their campsite
C
to compare notes.
D
33. The price theory that represents the core of microeconomics explained how the variability of
A B
supply and demand in competitive markets creates an interplay of prices for goods and
C D
services.