Ma’aden Engineering Manual Rev.

Date: 26 Jul 2011

Specification Rev: C01

Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Key Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 4
3. referenced Documents ............................................................................................................................ 5
3.1 Statutory Regulations ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards ......................................................................................................... 5
3.2.1 Local Codes and Standards ................................................................................................. 5
3.2.2 International Codes and Standards ...................................................................................... 6
3.2.3 Alternative Design Codes .................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Ma’aden Standards ......................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 Site Data ......................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Service Conditions .................................................................................................................................. 9
5. Technical Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 11
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 11
5.2 Equipment Design Basis................................................................................................................ 11
5.3 Fresh Air Requirements ................................................................................................................. 12
6. System Operation Description .............................................................................................................. 13
6.1 Control Building ........................................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Sub-Stations .................................................................................................................................. 14
6.3 Battery Room ................................................................................................................................ 15
6.4 Workshop/Store and Utility Buildings ........................................................................................... 15
6.5 Laboratories .................................................................................................................................. 15
7. HVAC Equipment Technical Specification ............................................................................................ 16
7.1 Package Air Conditioning Units .................................................................................................... 16
7.1.1 Compressors ..................................................................................................................... 16
7.1.2 Condenser Fans ................................................................................................................ 16
7.1.3 Condenser Coils................................................................................................................ 16
7.1.4 Evaporator Coil ................................................................................................................. 17
7.1.5 Supply Air Fan .................................................................................................................. 17
7.1.6 Air Filter ............................................................................................................................ 17
7.1.7 Casing 17
7.1.8 Control Panel .................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Split Air-Conditioning Units .......................................................................................................... 17
7.2.1 Condensing Units ............................................................................................................. 17
7.2.2 Condenser Fans ................................................................................................................ 18
7.2.3 Condenser Coils................................................................................................................ 18
7.2.4 Hot Gas ............................................................................................................................ 18
7.2.5 Casing 18
7.2.6 Control Panel .................................................................................................................... 18
7.3 Evaporator/Air Handling Units ...................................................................................................... 18
7.3.1 Fans 19
7.3.2 Evaporator......................................................................................................................... 19
7.3.3 Filter Assembly ................................................................................................................. 19
7.4 Mini Split Air-Conditioning Units .................................................................................................. 20

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7.4.1 Condensing Units ............................................................................................................. 20

7.4.2 Evaporator/Air Handling Units .......................................................................................... 21
7.4.3 Evaporator Coil ................................................................................................................. 21
7.4.4 Fan 21
7.4.5 Air Filters .......................................................................................................................... 21
7.4.6 Casing 21
7.4.7 Controls ............................................................................................................................ 21
7.5 Fans – General ............................................................................................................................. 21
7.5.1 Axial Flow Fans................................................................................................................. 22
7.5.2 Protectively Coated Fans and Fans for Corrosion or Hazardous Applications ..................... 22
7.6 Electric Heating Coil ..................................................................................................................... 22
7.7 Self-Contained Steam Humidifier .................................................................................................. 23
7.8 Volume Control Dampers ............................................................................................................. 23
7.9 Motorized Shut-Off Dampers ........................................................................................................ 23
7.10 Mechanical Pressure Control Dampers ......................................................................................... 23
7.11 Back draft Dampers ...................................................................................................................... 23
7.12 Fire Dampers ................................................................................................................................ 23
7.13 Grilles and Diffusers ..................................................................................................................... 24
7.14 Fresh Air Inlet and Exhaust Openings............................................................................................ 24
7.15 Sound Attenuators ........................................................................................................................ 24
8. HVAC Ductwork and Pipework Technical Specification ....................................................................... 24
8.1 General Requirements .................................................................................................................. 24
8.2 Ductwork and Pipework Insulation ............................................................................................... 25
8.2.1 General Requirements ...................................................................................................... 25
8.2.2 Ductwork Insulation.......................................................................................................... 25
8.2.3 Pipework Insulation .......................................................................................................... 25
9. Tests on Site .......................................................................................................................................... 26
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 26
9.2 Dimensional Examination ............................................................................................................. 27
9.3 Mechanical Inspection .................................................................................................................. 27
9.4 Performance Test of Air Systems ................................................................................................... 27
9.4.1 Balancing Tests ................................................................................................................. 27
9.4.2 Fan Tests ........................................................................................................................... 27
9.4.3 Control Testing ................................................................................................................. 27
9.4.4 Power Supply Testing........................................................................................................ 28
9.4.5 Sound Tests ....................................................................................................................... 28

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum requirements for the specification of Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Equipment for all Ma’aden projects in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia. The General Site Data requirements for Ma’aden Projects is set out in
document H337201-0000-35-123-0001, and users are required to assess whether there are
any Specific Site Data changes that should be catered for which include dust loads, specific
water quality requirements, and the critical requirement to only use intermediate fluids of
HFC and/or CFC.

This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the applicable documents listed
herein.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this specification is to:

• Set the minimum engineering standard for the design, fabrication and installation of
HVAC Equipment

• Specify the minimum requirements for temperature, relative humidity, air quality and
pressurisation.

2. KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Approval formal confirmation by an authorized person that activities laid down
in a document or a service/product is acceptable

Contractor an entity, engaged or approved by the Employer, entrusted with a

contract to perform work or cause work to be performed

Employer the Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Ma’aden) and its authorized
representatives and respective affiliates

Vendor an intermediary who supplies manufactured equipment, or

manufactures the required plant and equipment

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

AMCA Air Movement and Control Association

AMT Association for Manufacturing Technology

ARI Air-Condition and Refrigeration Institute

ASHREA American Society for Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

AWS American Welding Society

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CFC Chlorofluorocarbon

DOL Direct on line

EN The European Standard

HFC Hydro fluorocarbon

ICC International Code Council

ISO International Standards Organization

NDT Non Destructive Testing

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

SBC Saudi Building Code

SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association.

3. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
This specification requires compliance with the provisions of the latest revision of the
relevant standards and codes of the following authorities and technical organizations, as
applicable, and specifications which shall be considered to form part of this specification,
where applicable.
3.1 Statutory Regulations
All work performed and materials furnished shall comply with the applicable statutory
regulations, codes and other requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (including but not
limited to directives of the High Commission for Industrial Security, Royal Commission
regulations applicable to the Site, regulations of the Presidency of Meteorology and
Environment, Saudi Building Code and other applicable codes and regulations). The
Contractor shall ensure that he is fully aware and informed of all Government laws, local
ordinances, regulations and all orders and decrees of bodies or tribunals having any
jurisdiction or authority over the Project and/or Site, which in any manner affect the Project
and those engaged or employed on the Project, or which in any way affect the conduct of
the Work. The Contractor shall at all times observe and comply with all such Government
and/or Ministry laws, by-laws, ordinances, codes, regulations, orders and decrees.
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
All equipment and systems shall conform to the following:
3.2.1 Local Codes and Standards

Saudi Building Code SBC306 – 501 Mechanical Requirements

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3.2.1.1 Saudi Security Directive (SSD)

SSD-9 Minimum standards for buildings housing sensitive or vital equipment

SSD-10 Protection of vital equipment

SSD-26 Blast resistant control rooms

3.2.2 International Codes and Standards

3.2.2.1 American Society for Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

ASHRAE Hand Book of HVAC Applications – 2007

ASHRAE Hand Book of HVAC Systems And Equipment – 2008

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook – 2009

ASHRAE Guideline I HVAC Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process

ASHRAE Guideline II Field Testing of HVAC Controls Components

ASHRAE 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems – 2004

ASHRAE 111 Measurement, Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Building HVAC

Systems

ASHRAE 120 Method of Testing to Determine Flow Resistance of HVAC Ducts

and Fittings

ASHRAE 126 Method of Testing HVAC Ducts and Fittings

ASHRAE 171 Method of Testing Seismic Resistant Devices for HVAC&R

ASHRAE 193 Method for Testing the Air tightness of HVAC Equipment

3.2.2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME A120.1 Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms and Travelling Ladders
and Gantries for Building Maintenance

ASME B30.11 Monorails and under hung Cranes - Includes Interpretations Dated
May 2004 thru August 2009

3.2.2.3 American Welding Society (AWS)

AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel

AWS D1.3 Structural Welding Code – Sheet Steel

AWS QC Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors

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3.2.2.4 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC M014 AISC Engineering for Steel Construction: A Source Book on

Connections

AISC 326 Detailing for Steel Construction

3.2.2.5 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM F1005 Standard Practice for HVAC Duct Shapes

ASTM A53 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and
Seamless

ASTM A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service

ASTM A123 Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products

ASTM A307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength

ASTM A385 Providing High- Quality Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip)

ASTM A563 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

ASTM A780 Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized

Coatings

ASTM B695 Coating of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel

ASTM B 280-99el Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field
Service

3.2.2.6 American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)

ASSE A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces

and Their Access; Workplace, Floor, Wall and Roof Openings;
Stairs and Guardrails Systems

ANSI/ASSE Z359.2 2007 Minimum Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems

3.2.2.7 American National Standards Institute

ANSI/AMT B15.1 Sect 3.2.1 Machine Guarding and Covers

3.2.2.8 Air Movement Control Agency

AMCA 300 – 08 Reverberant Room Method for Sound Testing of Fans

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3.2.2.9 National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 496 Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment

3.2.3 Alternative Design Codes

Alternative design codes may be used for HVAC equipment design if approved by Ma’aden.
3.2.3.1 International Code Council

ICC IPC -2006 (Supp 2007) International Plumbing Code

3.2.3.2 Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association

SMACNA 95 HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible

3.2.3.3 Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated

UL Class 2 Air Filters Inflammable Filter Media with Flash Point (> 162°C)

3.2.3.4 International Standards Organization

ISO 1471 Acoustics – Declaration and Verification of Noise

ISO 9001 Qualification Management System Requirements

3.2.3.5 European Standards

EN 799 Air Filter Test Method for HVAC Systems

3.2.3.6 Canadian Standards Association

CSA-Z107.58 -02 Noise Emission Declaration for Machinery

3.3 Ma’aden Standards

MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-CRT-0001 Design Criteria – Mechanical Equipment

MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-CRT-0001 Design Criteria – Mechanical Equipment

MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-SPC-0002 Mechanical Equipment Installation

MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-SPC-0007 Protective Coating Specification

MD-101-SMPM-PM-QA-0001 Contractor Quality Requirements

3.4 Site Data

All materials, equipment and work methods shall be suitable for the Site conditions as
defined in the applicable Site Data Specification.

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4. SERVICE CONDITIONS
The equipment shall be suitable for continuous operation at a desert location under high
temperature and humidity. The atmosphere at the Facility is generally dusty and corrosive.
The environment of some of the plant areas comprises highly corrosive & abrasive
substances that can occur in the form of vapors, gases, liquids, splashes, spills and airborne
dust. Such substances include ammonia, chlorine, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic
soda, sodium cyanide and diammonium phosphate that react with certain materials used for
construction of equipment and can cause degradation and eventual failure and/or
compromise the integrity of the equipment.

Equipment installed in aggressively corrosive and abrasive environments and services shall
be constructed of materials for that service and shall have a surface coating suited for such
environment in accordance with the project paint specification. Alternately, the supplier
shall provide a surface coating specification for review and acceptance by the Employer.
The components of equipment that are not permanently sealed from the atmosphere shall be
reviewed and selected for their compatibility with the environment, including all fugitive
emissions.

Climatic conditions at projects near the coast are such that coils and equipment installed
outside of the buildings tend to exhibit the effects of the highly corrosive nature of a humid
and salty atmosphere. The adverse effect of the salt air atmosphere decreases rapidly with
distance from the shore line. However, materials selected for project life shall be able to
withstand these exposure conditions without deterioration.

Building pressurization in classified areas shall be based on NFPA 496.

Control buildings shall be pressurized in accordance with SSD-26 requirements.

Other buildings such as those containing electronic/electrical equipment may be pressurized

as specified in the job specification to help protect the equipment or prevent the entrance of
dust.

Loss of pressurization shall be alarmed at the HVAC control panel and where appropriate the
respective Fire Alarm Panel.

The components that are not permanently sealed from the atmosphere shall be reviewed and
selected for their compatibility with the local environment, including all fugitive emissions.
The following material limitations shall apply:

• Viton and nitrile rubber shall not be used in any components that could be exposed to
ammonia and/or methanol

• Copper alloys shall not be used where exposure to ammonia is possible

• Screws, bolts, nuts, washers, brackets, mountings, and other fastenings shall not contain
or be coated by copper, cadmium, brass, zinc or their alloys

• Asbestos-containing materials shall not be used

• Galvanic action via contact of dissimilar metals shall be prevented

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• For Geographic, Climatic and Seismic Data including the outside ambient design
temperature, refer to Document number MD-101-SMEM-EG-GE-SPC-0001.

The internal design conditions are as follows:

Table 4-1 : Internal Design Conditions
Temperature Humidity Noise
Relative
Building Summer Winter Summer Criteria Notes
Pressure
0
C 0
C % RH NC
Positive 50 Air
Control Room 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 25-35
(Pa) Conditioning
Auxiliary Room
Positive50 Air
Marshalling Room 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 40
(Pa) Conditioning
Console Room
Positive 25 Air
UPS Room 30 max 15 ± 2 50 ± 5 40
(Pa) Conditioning
Air
Laboratory 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 Negative 40
Conditioning
Exhaust Air
Locker Room 26 ± 2 22 ± 2 - Negative 40 from A/C
Spaces
Air
Rest Rooms 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 Positive 35
Conditioning
Administration
Air
Medical Centre 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 Neutral 35
Conditioning
Maintenance Offices
Air
Lunch Rooms 26 ± 2 22 ± 2 - Negative 40
Conditioning
Exhaust air
Toilet 30 ± 2 20 ± - Negative 50 from A/C
spaces
Exhaust air
Showers Room 30 ± 2 24 ± 2 - Negative 50 from A/C
Spaces
Battery Room 30 max - - Negative - Exhaust Fan
Power Distribution Positive 25 Air
30 max - - -
Room (Pa) Conditioning

Substations 30 max - - Positive 25 Air

-
(Pa) Conditioning
Mechanically
Maintenance Workshop 40 - - Positive -
Ventilated
Air
Prayer Room 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 Positive 35
Conditioning
Air
Communication Room 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 Positive 40
Conditioning
Air
Storage Room 24 ± 2 22 ± 2 50 ± 5 Positive 40
Conditioning
HVAC Plant Room 30 ± 2

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5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General
The HVAC equipment design shall coordinate with other services; fabrication and supply,
controls, cabling, pipe work, ductwork, insulation, adhesives, supports, fittings and ductwork
accessories (grilles, louvers, dampers, turning vanes, diffusers, sound attenuators, flexible
connections, etc.) and all equipment and fittings necessary to allow satisfactory installation
for the complete HVAC systems together with, but not limited to:

• Refrigeration plant

• Air-handling units

• Air terminal units

• Ventilation air filters

• Complete sheet metal ductwork systems, including insulation, supports and fittings

• HVAC control system, including HVAC control panels, junction boxes, field instruments
and controls

• HVAC control cabling, including fittings, racking and supports

• Local isolators (where required) for electrical drives.

5.2 Equipment Design Basis
The operation of the HVAC system shall be fully integrated with the electrical,
instrumentation, gas detection and fire protection systems to provide a safe building
environment under all foreseeable working conditions, and to meet the requirements of the
applicable codes and standards.

The HVAC systems shall be designed to satisfy the following requirements:

• 24 hours per day, year-round operation

• A minimum fresh air supply of 12 I/sec per person based on maximum occupancy for
office and control room personnel

• A minimum fresh air intake of 10% of the total supply air for substation buildings

• Air-conditioned buildings shall be provided with an overpressure to ensure that dirt dust
and sand are not ingested into the internal environment. The effects of pressurisation on
the building including any losses due to leakage shall be taken into account when
calculating fresh air loads.

• Supply and extract fans shall be paired for control such that in positively pressurised
areas, failure of supply fan(s) results in isolation of other associated extract fan(s).

Sufficient air quantity shall be provided to remove heat gains from equipment, lights, solar,
personnel and to maintain each space within the internal design conditions.

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The following areas within buildings shall be designed to be maintained under a slight
negative pressure with respect to the adjacent rooms:

• Toilets

• Washrooms

• Locker rooms

• Battery rooms

• Pantry

• Laboratories.

All equipment installed externally to the buildings shall be suitably designed to withstand the
prevailing environmental conditions. As a minimum, the following provisions shall be
made:

• Joints, access doors, panels and electrical equipment enclosures shall be adequately
gasketed to prevent ingress of the finest sand

• Air intakes shall be at minimum 1 m above the flat surface on which they are located

• Sand trap louvers shall be used on all air intakes unless otherwise specified

• Painting/protective coatings shall meet the requirements of Doc. number

MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-SPC-0007 Protective Coating Specification.

Position of inlet and outlet openings shall be selected to minimize the effect of wind-driven
sand on the air conditioning and ventilation systems. Wherever possible, the HVAC inlets
and outlets shall be located in a sheltered area.

Fire dampers shall be provided in ductwork at all fire wall penetrations, to maintain the
integrity of the fire wall.
5.3 Fresh Air Requirements
The amount of the makeup air will take into account the following minimum requirements:

• The minimum fresh air quantity required for the occupants

• Make up air quantity to balance specific exhaust such as laboratories and toilets, etc, and

• Maintain positive pressure (where required) in order to prevent the ingress of airborne
contaminants from outside. (5 mm water gauge (WG)).

Ventilation shall be designed such that the direction of the air motion in the building shall be
maintained from non-contaminated area to contaminated area.

Air from "clean" areas shall be used as make up air to other mechanically exhausted spaces
such as toilets, via door grilles along corridors.

The minimum hygienic fresh air quantity: (refer to ASHRAE 62) – Ventilation for Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality shall be as per the following table.

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Description Quantity Units

Administration Offices 12 l/sec per person
Operation building/Control Rooms 12 l/sec per person
Workshop & Vehicle Repair Building 8 l/sec/m2
Warehouse 0.26 l/sec/m2
Meeting rooms 10 l/sec per person
Maintenance Shop 7.5 l/sec per person
Security Office 10 l/sec per person
Mobile Equipment Workshop 8 l/sec/m2
Corridor and Utility room 0.26 l/sec/m2
Change room 2.6 l/sec/m2
First Aid Room 7.5 l/sec/m2
Toilet Spaces 10 l/sec/m2
and
10 l/sec per toilet facility
Shower Spaces 10 l/sec/m2
and
24 l/sec per shower head

Note: l/sec = liter/second

m2 = square meter

6. SYSTEM OPERATION DESCRIPTION

Direct Expansion (DX) Air Conditioning Units will generally be used as a cooling source.
Unit type (i.e. Packaged Air-conditioning units, Split Air-conditioning units, Mini-split air
conditioning Units), shall be adopted according to architectural/civil design, site conditions
and required cooling capacity.

Fresh air intake in hazardous areas shall consist of sand trap louver, cleanable pre-filter,
chemical carbon activated filter and vane axial fan (one duty and one standby).

• All HVAC equipment, ducting etc. shall meet the noise limits imposed by specification
MD-101-SMEM-EG-ME-CRT-0001 Design Criteria – Mechanical Equipment.
6.1 Control Building
HVAC installations for control building shall comply with requirements of Plant Building
Specification, MD-101-1000-EG-AR-SPC-0001 and KSA MOI SSD, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
Ministry of Interior, Safety and Security Directives.

The entire control building shall be pressurized to 5 mm WG and air conditioned by

separate pressurisation and air conditioning plant.

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Air handling units/evaporation units shall be located in the HVAC plant room.

Air handling unit (AHU) shall comprise the following components assembled and mounted
on a common frame:

• Mixing box section

• Filter section

• Cooling coil section comprising two 100% capacity cooling coils (one duty, and one
stand by)

• Supply fan section with spare motor (mounted in unit)

• Inspection section, as necessary

• Steam humidifier.

Description of separate components of the AHU is described in Section 7.3.

Condensing units shall be located outside the building, at a safe distance, as per referenced
specification and building requirements. Two 100% capacity condensing units for each
AHU shall be provided (one duty and one standby).

Air intake for pressurization units shall comprise the following:

• Sand trap louver

• Cleanable pre-filter

• Chemical, carbon activated filter

• Vane axial fans, one duty and one standby

• All utility openings for air intake, exhaust etc., shall be provided with blast valves.

Cable basement shall be air-conditioned, ventilated depending of heat gains and heat
dissipated by electrical cables.

Air circulation in raised false floors in Control Room, Engineering Room, Computer Room
etc to be considered, if and where required.

In case control building construction is not blast resistant, utility openings shall not be
provided with blast valves.
6.2 Sub-Stations
The substations shall be air-conditioned and pressurized by a dedicated factory-assembled air
handling unit located adjacent to the building. The unit shall comprise the following:

• Mixing box section

• Washable panel filter and bag filters

• Cooling coil section with independent coil (2 x 60%)

• Supply fan section with spare motor (mounted in unit)

• Inspection sections, as necessary.

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The direct expansion cooling coils shall be rated at 60% of the cooling duty. The coil shall
be connected to two separate air-cooled condensers located on the roof of the substation.

A positive pressure of 2.5 mm WG shall be maintained in the building by manual air balance
of the outside and return air.

Outside air shall be obtained from the roof of the building via gooseneck ductwork air intake
with sand trap louvers and cleanable aluminum filters.
6.3 Battery Room
The battery room shall be maintained under negative pressure relative to the adjacent room
by duplicate bifurcated extractor fans located in the battery room. Auto changeover of the
fans shall be by relay logic in the HVAC panel serving the fans.

Due to the presence of fumes in the battery rooms, the extractor fans shall be non-sparking
type and equipped with explosion-proof motors. Extractor fans shall be located as high as
possible. Discharge location shall be an area where spark source or flame is not present.

Battery room ventilation rate shall ensure that hydrogen gas content does not exceed 1.5% of
room volume, and shall not have less than 12 air changes per hour.

The air shall be drawn from the air handling unit via a non-return damper.
6.4 Workshop/Store and Utility Buildings
The workshop/store and utility buildings shall be mechanically ventilated by roof-mounted
extract fans to limit solar and internal heat gains and maintain the internal temperature to
approximately 40°C. The fans will be operated by a thermostat located in a suitable location
within each building.

Each store room shall be air conditioned by window/wall-mounted mini split DX air
conditioning units to maintain the internal design condition for storage rooms (refer to Table
4-1 above).
6.5 Laboratories
Air from laboratory work areas shall be continuously 100% exhausted to the outdoors, and
the area shall be maintained at a negative pressure relative to the adjacent areas. Air from
laboratory work areas shall not be re-circulated, that is, a once-through system shall be
provided for the laboratory work areas.

Separate exhaust systems shall be provided for fume hood exhaust and utility exhaust.

Stand-by fume hood exhaust fans shall be provided where failure of exhaust system might
compromise safety.

Consideration shall be given to consolidating several fume hood ducts into a single exhaust
manifold prior to exhaust fan connection. Consolidation of fume hoods into a single exhaust
manifold shall depend on the nature of gases that will be combined.

Ductwork, hoods, fans, drives and other system components shall be designed and selected
to meet fire, explosion, corrosion and acid resistant requirements of the individual projects.

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Fume hoods shall be constructed of non-combustible, non-porous materials selected to resist

corrosion for the service intended, and designed in accordance with the ASHRAE HVAC
Applications Handbook.

Fume hoods shall be tested in accordance with ASHRAE 110.

Exhaust fans shall be located to ensure that the downstream ducts under positive pressure
will not pass through occupied areas.

Discharge ducts from exhaust fans shall be located to prevent re-circulation of contaminants
through air intakes, windows, doors, or other building openings. Exhaust fans shall be sized
to provide a minimum exhaust velocity of 15 m/s.

Automatic fire dampers shall not be used in laboratory hood exhaust systems. Fire detection
and alarm systems shall not be interlocked to automatically shut down laboratory hood
exhaust fans.

Airflow indicators shall be installed on laboratory hoods.

Outdoor air requirements for ventilation shall be in accordance with ASHRAE 62.

Filtering efficiencies shall be in accordance with ASHRAE and ASHRAE HVAC Applications
Handbook.

7. HVAC EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

7.1 Package Air Conditioning Units
Package air-conditioning units shall comprise the following.
7.1.1 Compressors
The compressors shall be of the serviceable, multi-cylinder reciprocating type direct to an
electric motor. Each compressor shall be complete with suction and discharge stop valves
with seal caps, the necessary relief valves for protection against abnormal operating
conditions and a discharge gas muffler. An automatic unloading device shall be installed so
that no load is applied when starting and the compressor is enabled to run at reduced
capacities in three or four stages.

The compressors shall have a self-priming mini oil pump and cleanable oil filters for force-
fed lubrication to all moving parts. The crank case shall be provided with an oil-level sight-
glass and oil heater to limit oil dilution in the crank case. Vibration mounting, isolators, dual
pressure switches, oil-pressure safety switches, internal thermostat for motor over-
temperature protection and all other controls and protection devices shall be included.
7.1.2 Condenser Fans
Propeller type, direct driven fans with permanently lubricated bearings. Welded wire guards
shall be provided at the discharge side of the fan.
7.1.3 Condenser Coils
Non-ferrous construction with aluminum plate fins mechanically bonded to seamless copper
tubes with brazed joints and copper tube sheets. Hot gas bypass, sized for minimum
compressor loading, to bypass hot refrigerant gas to the evaporator.

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7.1.4 Evaporator Coil

Non-ferrous construction with aluminum plate fins mechanically bonded to seamless copper
tubes with brazed joints.
7.1.5 Supply Air Fan
Forward curved, centrifugal fans of galvanized sheet steel construction keyed to high tensile
steel shaft with adjustable sheaves; belt driven by squirrel cage induction motors with sealed
bearings.
7.1.6 Air Filter
25 mm thick, viscous impinging, removable cleanable type filters.
7.1.7 Casing
Removable, painted sheet steel panels assembled on to structural steel frame work, with
25 mm thick insulation, attached internally on the air side. Knockouts shall be provided for
electrical and piping connections. Bottom panel of the coil section shall work as a drain pan
and shall have a connection for drainage.
7.1.8 Control Panel
The Panel shall have the following, installed within a weatherproof steel enclosure, mounted
on the unit and wired for single electrical power intake, as appropriate:

• Mains isolator (4 pole, fully enclosed type) interlocked with door and power on indicator
(red), which shall be lit only when all the three phases are healthy

• Power transformer for control power supply

• Starter contactor (DOL/Star-Delta) with overload trip and set of HRC (high rupture
capacity) fuses for the compressor(s), condenser fan(s) and supply air fan

• Low suction pressure cut-out

• Low suction oil pressure cut-out

• High discharge pressure cut-out

• Anti-cycling timer to prevent the compressor from restarting before five minutes after
shut down

• Set of terminals/relays with volt free contacts for start/stop from the temperature control
system.
7.2 Split Air-Conditioning Units
7.2.1 Condensing Units
Compressors shall be of the serviceable, multi-cylinder reciprocating type direct to an
electric motor. Each compressor shall be complete with suction and discharge stop valves
with seal caps and the necessary relief valves for protection against abnormal operating
conditions and a discharge gas muffler. An automatic unloading device shall be installed so
that no load is applied when starting and the compressor is enabled to run at reduced
capacities in three or four stages.

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Compressors shall have a self-priming mini oil pump and cleanable oil filters for forced-feed
lubrication to all moving parts. The crank case shall be provided with oil-level sight-glass
and oil heater to limit oil dilution in the crank case. Vibration mounting, isolators, dual
pressure switches, oil-pressure safety switches, internal thermostat for motor over-
temperature protection and all other controls and protection devices, shall be included.
7.2.2 Condenser Fans
Propeller type, direct driven fans with permanently lubricated bearings. Welded wire guards
shall be provided at the discharge side of the fan.
7.2.3 Condenser Coils
Non-ferrous construction with aluminum plate fins mechanically bonded to seamless copper
tubes with brazed joints and copper tube sheets.
7.2.4 Hot Gas
Bypass sized for minimum compressor loading to bypass hot refrigerant gas to the
evaporator.
7.2.5 Casing
Removable, painted sheet steel panels assembled on to structural steel framework.
Knockouts shall be provided for electrical and piping connection. The bottom panel shall
work as a drain pan with a connection for drainage.
7.2.6 Control Panel
Shall have the following installed within a weatherproof steel enclosure mounted on the unit
and wired for single electrical power intake, as appropriate:

• Mains isolator (4 pole, fully enclosed type) interlocked with door and power on indicator
(red), which shall be lit only when all the three phases are healthy

• Power transformer for control power supply

• Starter contractor (DOL/Star-Delta) with overload trip and set of (high rupturing capacity)
HRC fuses for the compressor(s), condenser fan(s) and supply air fan

• Low suction pressure cut-out

• Low suction oil pressure cut-out

• High discharge pressure cut-out

• Anti-cycling timer to prevent the compressor from restarting within 5 minutes after shut
down

• Set of terminals/relays with volt free contacts for start / stop from the temperature control
system.
7.3 Evaporator/Air Handling Units
Air handling units shall be factory fabricated, complete with air-tight enclosure, waterproof
drain pan, evaporator (cooling coils), sound absorbers, fan, fan motor, adjustable V-belt
drive, mixing box, filter section, vibration-isolator bases, and other appurtenances necessary
for satisfactory operation.

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Enclosures rigidly reinforced with channel shall be constructed of formed panels not lighter
than 1.25 mm, hot-dip galvanized steel. Drain pans shall not be lighter than 1.5 mm,
galvanized steel, waterproofed by coating with waterproofing material. The enclosures shall
be double skin casing insulated at the factory, acoustically and thermally, with not less than
25 mm, thick closed-cell polyethylene 30 kg/m³ density board.

The insulation shall be internally covered and protected with a 0.80 mm thick perforated,
galvanized sheet metal. Access doors wherever required for servicing shall be provided.

Lifting facility shall be provided for base frames for lifting/rigging.

Zinc-coated fastening bolts shall be used for attaching component sections to allow easy
dismantling and assembly.
7.3.1 Fans
The supply air fan in the air handling units shall be of the centrifugal type with
forward/backward curved multi-vane impeller mounted on a mild steel shaft. The tip speed
of the impeller shall not exceed 13 m/s. The fan shall be sized to deliver design air
quantities when air filters are 75% dirty (75% of maximum air filter pressure drop).

The fan casing shall be of heavy-gauge sheet steel, welded construction, adequately braced
to prevent drumming and fitted with an inspection door for cleaning. The fan casing shall be
painted internally with corrosion-resistant paint.

The fan shall be driven by an electric motor through a belt/pulley arrangement, and mounted
on a common rigid steel base with belt adjustment and anti-vibration mountings.

The fan bearing life shall be minimum 100,000 hours under continuous operating
conditions. The fan’s discharge shall be connected to the casing/ducting by a non-
deteriorating, heavy-duty, flexible connection.
7.3.2 Evaporator
The evaporator coil shall consist of a battery of hard copper seamless tubes with
mechanically bonded copper fins, spaced not closer than 5 per cm, so as to ensure that
moisture entrainment does not occur. The coil shall be three rows deep as a minimum, and
have a maximum face velocity of 2.5 m/s.

All joints in the evaporator return bends shall be capable of resisting attack from the
corrosive atmosphere. Adequate arrangements shall be made for the removal of any fouling
from the heat transfer surface.

A suitable condensate collection tray will collect moisture from the coil, headers and return
bends, and shall be incorporated into the casing or framework of the evaporator. This tray
shall be fabricated from heavy-gauge sheet steel, suitably insulated externally, positively and
permanently protected against corrosion and provided with a fall-to-drain casing connection.
7.3.3 Filter Assembly
Filter assembly shall consist of Panel Filter and Bag Filter. Filters shall be installed in such a
manner that they can be quickly and easily removed requiring no special tools. Filter
sections shall be equipped with access doors for replacement and service of the filters.

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The minimum requirements of filters are described hereunder:

• Panel Filters:

 Panel filters shall be of the disposable, medium efficiency, washable type being not
less than 50 mm thick. It shall be constructed of a fire retardant, non woven filtering
media. The filtering media shall be made of fine glass fibres or equivalent. The
filters shall be performed, pleated, supported type to be inserted in a sturdy frame,
securely bonded to the sides of the frame to prevent air by-pass.

 Average efficiency of filter, 65% to 95% dust arrestance based on ASHRAE test 52/7
(gravimetric measure)

 At design flow rate, the initial clean resistance shall not exceed 40 Pa and the final
pressure resistance, at dirty filter condition shall not exceed 150 Pa.

• Bag Filters:

 The filter media shall be natural, synthetic or glass fibre. The media shall be
manufactured from continuous inter-woven fibres to give a high efficiency and dust-
loading capacity. The bag construction shall be sufficiently rigid so that it will be
self-supporting and retain its shape when there is no flow. The filter frame shall be
suitable for side withdrawal.

 Filter shall have an efficiency of not less than 25% Dust Spot Efficiency and 90%
weight arrestance rating as per ASHRAE test 52/76.

At design flow rate, the initial clean resistance shall not exceed 75 Pa with a rise in pressure
drop from clean to dirty of not more than 125 Pa. Instrumentation will consist of pressure
differential switches and pressure indicators (manometer) for each panel filter and bag filter.
7.4 Mini Split Air-Conditioning Units
7.4.1 Condensing Units
Compressors shall be hermetically sealed, reciprocating with crankcase heaters mounted on
vibration isolators, for safe quiet and vibration free operation.

Condenser Fans shall be propeller type, direct fans with permanently lubricated bearings
with welded wire guards provided at the discharge side of the fan.

Condenser Coils shall be non-ferrous construction with aluminum plate fins mechanically
bonded to seamless copper tubes with brazed joints and copper tube sheets.

Hot gas bypass, sized for minimum compressor loading to bypass hot refrigerant gas to
evaporator.

Casing shall be boxed, painted sheet steel panels assembled to form the enclosure, with
extended piping connections. The bottom panel shall work as drain pan with connection for
drainage.

Controls shall include the following, appropriately integrated within an accessible part of the
casing and wired for single electrical power intake:

• Power transformer for control power supply

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• Starter contactor (DOL) with overload trip for the compressor(s) and fan(s), interlocked to
operate together

• Low suction pressure cut-out

• Low oil pressure cut-out

• High discharge pressure cut-out

• Anti-cycling to prevent the compressor from restarting before five minutes after shut
down

• Set of terminals/relays with volt free contacts for start/stop from the temperature control
system.
7.4.2 Evaporator/Air Handling Units
Wall/Floor/Cassette as appropriate.
7.4.3 Evaporator Coil
Non-ferrous construction with aluminium plate fins mechanically bonded to seamless copper
tubes with brazed joints.
7.4.4 Fan
Forward/backward curved, centrifugal fans galvanized sheet steel construction keyed to high
tensile steel shaft coupled to three speed, squirrel cage induction motors with sealed
bearings.
7.4.5 Air Filters
25 mm thick, viscous impinging, cleanable type filters.
7.4.6 Casing
Boxed, painted sheet steel panels with 15 mm thick insulation attached internally and
assembled to form the casing. Knockouts shall be provided for electrical and piping
connections and bottom panel of the coil section shall work as drain pan and shall have
connection for drainage.
7.4.7 Controls
Shall include the following, wired for single electrical power intake, and appropriately
integrated within an accessible part of the casing:

• Power transformer for control power supply

• Starter contactor (DOL) with overload trip for the fan

• Set of terminals/relays with volt free contacts for start/stop from temperature control
system

• Wire/remote controller, described elsewhere.

7.5 Fans – General
The fan operating point shall be selected on a steep section of the fan curve, approaching a
straight vertical line from minimum to maximum static pressures, in order to minimize
variation in delivered air volume due to change in external wind pressure.

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7.5.1 Axial Flow Fans

Axial flow fan casings shall be rigidly constructed of mild steel or aluminum alloy, stiffened
and braced where necessary to obviate drumming and vibration. Mounting feet shall be
provided where necessary for bolting to a base or to supports. Inlet and outlet ducts shall
terminate in flanges to facilitate removal. For in-duct mounting fans, the length of the fan
casing shall be greater than the combined length of the impeller(s) and motor(s) and
electrical connections to the motors shall be through an external terminal box secured to the
casing.

Impellers shall be of steel, aluminum or plastics, and the blades shall be secured to the hub
or the blades and hub shall be formed in one piece. The hub shall be keyed to the shaft.
Blades shall be aerofoil section or laminar and capable of pitch adjustment.

Where axial flow fans are driven by motors external to the casings of the fans, the
requirements for drives and guards shall be met. Unless otherwise indicated, a guard is not
required for any part of a drive which is inside the fan casing. An access panel with a
purpose-made air seal shall be provided in the fan casing; the access panel shall be sized to
facilitate maintenance.
7.5.2 Protectively Coated Fans and Fans for Corrosion or Hazardous Applications
Where fans are required to handle toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive or high
temperature gases, the materials or construction shall be as indicated and all relevant safety
regulations shall apply. Bearings and lubrication arrangements shall be suitable for the
conditions.

Where a protective coating is required for use with corrosive, gases, the coating shall cover
all parts of the complete fan, motor and casing assembly which will be in contact with the
corrosive gases. No fan shall be installed if the protective coating has been damaged in any
way. Impellers shall be of coated steel, stainless steel or aluminum or plastics as approved by
the Employer.
7.6 Electric Heating Coil
Electric heater coils shall consists of a number of heating elements of the enclosed type
mounted in a sheet steel casing. The elements shall be so installed that they can be removed
for cleaning or renewed without dismantling the casing.

The surface temperature of the elements shall not exceed 200°C. The heater shall be
arranged with elements of the same number or a multiple of the number of steps as the
design control requires. All heaters shall be balanced over three phases, and the complete
heater bank shall be arranged for a balanced operation. The total resistance of the heater-to-
air flow shall not exceed 5 mm WG, and the velocity through the free area shall not exceed
3 m/s.

Each heater shall have the following safety features:

• Interlocked with duct air flow switch so that the heaters cannot operate unless the fan is
running

• High-temperature cut-out device

• Manual reset limit controls.

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7.7 Self-Contained Steam Humidifier

The self-contained steam humidifier shall be connected to an external electrical power
source and fed with potable water.

Equipment shall be provided with the following control devices:

• On/off switch

• Step control

• Air-flow switch and high-limit humidistat – controls package safety overflow

• Control circuit fuse

• High-temperature cut-off

• Pilot lamps: on/off and fault

• Reset device.
7.8 Volume Control Dampers
Sufficient manually operated volume control dampers shall be installed in the ductwork
where necessary, and/or as shown on the Drawings, to regulate and balance the air
distribution system. All dampers shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent fluttering. Air leakage
past fully closed dampers shall not exceed 5% of the maximum design air flow in the duct.

Each damper shall be fitted with a locking and position indicator device.
7.9 Motorized Shut-Off Dampers
Where necessary, motorized shutoff dampers shall be provided to isolate plant and systems
in the event of normal and emergency shutdowns (e.g. detection of fire or gas).

They shall be designed for less than 1% leakage of the total air flow when fully closed and
shall be of the parallel-blade type complete with linkage, steel spring, auxiliary switches and
electric spring return actuator.

Damper shall close on loss of power.

The dampers shall be suitable for ductwork mounting and shall be sealed air tight in the
ductwork with suitable mastic. The seals on the damper blades shall be silicone or vinyl.
7.10 Mechanical Pressure Control Dampers
Mechanical pressure control dampers shall be the gravity-operating type, having fully
interlocked blades arranged to give parallel action. The back pressure exerted by the
dampers shall be by means of an adjustable spring or weights.
7.11 Back draft Dampers
Dampers shall be gravity-shutoff type such that in the event of fan failure, the damper closes
automatically. Blades shall act in parallel and have rubber-tip seals.
7.12 Fire Dampers
As a minimum, fire dampers shall have the same fire resistance as the wall in which they are
located, and shall be manufactured and installed in accordance with the requirements of
UL555 and NFPA Standard 90A.

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Each curtain-type damper shall be arranged to spring close tight when released by the fusible
link.
7.13 Grilles and Diffusers
Grilles and diffusers shall be anodized aluminum. Color finish shall be determined by the
EMPLOYER.

Grilles and diffusers shall be designed to give the correct air distribution and throw without
generation of undue noise or static pressure loss.

Each grille or diffuser shall be supplied complete with opposed blade damper or approved
volume control device.
7.14 Fresh Air Inlet and Exhaust Openings
Fresh air inlet louvers shall be an inertial separation type consisting of vertical channel
separator vanes mounted in enclosure/frame having self-emptying sand/moisture discharge
opening in the base.

Louvers shall be selected to have a maximum face velocity of 2.5 m/s for inlet louvers and
3 m/s for outlet louvers.

All inlet and outlet louvers shall be supplied complete with bird/insect wire mesh guards and
designed to minimize the penetration of wind-driven dust, sand and moisture into the HVAC
system.
7.15 Sound Attenuators
Purpose-made attenuators and sound absorbent material shall be supplied where required in
the ductwork systems to ensure that noise ratings do not exceed those specified. The
attenuators and sound absorbent materials shall be so designed and installed in the ductwork
that they offer low resistance to air flow, have adequate strength and cohesion to resist
erosion by air and do not produce dust. They shall be free from odor and proofed against
rot, damp, vermin and capable of withstanding environmental corrosion conditions.
Adhesive shall be compatible with the sound absorbent materials and shall be non-
flammable.

8. HVAC DUCTWORK AND PIPEWORK TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

8.1 General Requirements
Ductwork shall be galvanized steel and designed in accordance to ASHRAE standards.

Fabrication and construction details shall be in accordance with SMACNA ductwork

construction standards.

Volume dampers shall be provided at critical locations to properly balance the systems.

Suction refrigerant piping shall be insulated. When suction piping runs with the liquid
refrigerant line, they shall be insulated together.

All air conditioning ductwork running in non-air-conditioned spaces shall be insulated as

described in Section 8.2. Return air plenums shall be considered as unconditioned spaces.

All ducts, supply and return, penetrating a fire-rated wall shall be provided with a suitably
rated fire damper.

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Ductwork in air-conditioned spaces shall be lined, internally, where required, with

acoustical insulation for Noise Rating Curve 40 or below.

Pipework shall be seamless copper tubing according to ASME B31.5.

Brazing rods should be cadmium free.

8.2 Ductwork and Pipework Insulation
8.2.1 General Requirements
Thermal insulation shall have a thermal conductivity not higher than 0.0375 W/m°C for
piping and 0.036 W/m°C for ducting measured at an average temperature of 10°C. The
thermal insulation shall be non-corrosive to the metal, water repellent, vermin proof and
easily cut and fitted to shape during application.

The insulation shall be provided with approved fire-retardant and aluminum-foiled vapor
barrier jacket to prevent moisture penetration to the insulation. The vapor barrier shall also
be applied to all joints and edges.

The insulation shall be fixed onto the metal surface by means of an approved adhesive
compound having no corrosive effect on the metal and thoroughly applied to the metal
surface and insulation. The insulation shall be neat in appearance and shall be carried out in
accordance with an Approved Manufacturer’s recommendations or as directed by the
EMPLOYER.

The insulation and lagging shall be carried out by skilled labor, and before thermal insulation
is applied, all metal surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and treated with an approved
corrosion inhibitor.
8.2.2 Ductwork Insulation
All ductwork shall be insulated with flexible blanket type or rigid insulation 75 mm thickness
and minimum density of 32 kg/m³.

The insulation shall be secured to the ducts with folded type clips or adhesive clips at
300 mm to 450 mm centers or approved equivalent and all punctures vapor sealed.
Alternatively, galvanized sheet metal angle strips of stout gauge fixed to all corners, tightened
with wires may be used. Where ducts run inside rooms and are exposed to view, they shall
be wrapped with 0.22 kg canvas jacket fixed in place with Benjamin Foster Adhesive or
equal and subject to approval by the Employer.

Ducts exposed to atmosphere shall be covered with 12 mm galvanized wire mesh and
finished with 12 mm hard-setting cement and painted with Employer approved enamel
finish.
8.2.3 Pipework Insulation
Refrigerant pipes, valves, strainers, and fittings shall be insulated with rigid fiber glass of not
less than 96 kg/m³ density. The insulation shall be preformed sectional insulating material,
split longitudinally into two halves with factory-applied reinforced aluminum foil coating
with 50 mm thickness.

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The insulation shall be secured to the piping by an adequate number of non-corrodible straps
drawn tight and neatly cut. The straps shall not in any way cut the insulation or vapor seal.
Wires shall not be accepted.

All insulated pipes shall be clad using reinforce aluminum foil vapor sealing with anodized
0.5 mm thick aluminum sheets. No painting is required above the aluminum cladding.
Colored arrows and indications shall be used as specified.

The designation and direction of flow shall be suitably marked on the surface at regular
intervals.

9. TESTS ON SITE
9.1 General
After the installation has been completed, all required adjustments shall be made to balance
valves, air vents, automatic controls, air dampers, grilles, fans, ductwork and chilled water
distribution circuit equipment, etc., until all the running requirements of each system are
met. These adjustments shall be made with the equipment operating.

All the test instruments required for the handover shall be provided, and the accuracy of
such instruments shall be demonstrated before handover is carried out.

The test instruments provided shall include:

• Suitable direct reading anemometers

• Inclined gauge manometers with pressure ranges to suit fan duties

• Pitot static tubes to suit duct sizes

• Mercury in steel housing thermometers

• Dry bulb temperature recorders

• Combined temperature and humidity recorders

• Ammeters

• Tachometers

• Portable blower with flow measuring device

• Pitot tube flow meter

• Sound analyser and vibration meter.

All pressure tests shall be carried out before the application of thermal insulation.

The following temporary supplies shall be provided to perform running tests:

• Temporary air supply and air discharge installation

• Temporary electrical power supply.

The air-handling units and fans shall be tested at the actual design capacity.

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The test procedure to be followed shall be in accordance with SMACNA – Manual for the
balancing and adjustment of air distribution systems.

Any defects revealed by testing shall be located and rectified. The tests shall be repeated
until a satisfactory result is achieved.
9.2 Dimensional Examination
Dimensional verification shall be performed using the approved documents.
9.3 Mechanical Inspection
Visual examination shall be performed to detect any leaks or defects.

Balancing of all rotating parts shall be checked.

9.4 Performance Test of Air Systems
9.4.1 Balancing Tests
Air duct systems shall be adjusted and balanced so that air quantities at outlets are as
specified or shown on the Drawings and so that distribution from air terminals is free from
draughts and uniform over the face of each air terminal.

Adjustments shall be made so that splitters and volume adjusters close to air terminals will
have the least pressure drop consistent with volume requirements.

Additional pressure drop required for balancing of shorter runs shall be obtained by
adjustment of the dampers at branch duct take-off.

Adjustable fan drivers shall be used for making final adjustments of total air quantities.

Duct-reading velocity meters shall be used for comparative adjustment of individual air
terminals, with the exception of air quantities in ducts having velocities of 5 m/s or more
which shall be measured by means of pitot tubes.

Settings of dampers, splitters and other volume-adjusting devices shall be permanently

marked so that they can be reset if requiring adjustment at any time.
9.4.2 Fan Tests
The following measurements shall be made for each fan as follows:

• Flow rate

• Static pressure

• Fan speed

• Noise level

• Power input

• Vibration.
9.4.3 Control Testing
All the control devices, controls circuits, control sequences and safety sequences shall be
tested.

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9.4.4 Power Supply Testing

All the power supply circuits and equipment shall be tested.
9.4.5 Sound Tests
Noise level tests to demonstrate compliance with sound guarantees shall be made at pre-
selected locations.

For the tests of internal noise, the tests shall be made by keeping the test instrument about
one (1) meter horizontally and vertically from the air diffusers or terminal units.

Sound levels shall be measured with a sound level meter.

The A scale shall be used for overall sound level reading. Where sound levels are specified
in octave bands, the above sound level meter shall be supplemented by an octave band
filter.

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