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Operating System os notes CS 2nd year

Operating Systems (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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Printed Pages: 02 Sub Code: RCA301

Paper ID: 1 -4 I 0 RolI No.

M, C" A.
(sEM IIr) THEORY EXAMTNATION 2017-18
(}PERATII\p SYSTEM
Time: Sfiours Mgx. Marks: 70

Note: Attempt all Sections" Assume missing data, if any.

,a

SECTIqNA

1. Attem pt attquestions in brief. 2x7 =1,4

a. What are advantagss of spooling over buffering.

b. What do you mean by thrashing?
c. Yfhat is a lmy srvapper and how it is used?
d. Differentiate between global and local page replacement.
e. What is the difference between hard real time and soft real time operating system?
f. What do you meau byVirtual Memory? Discuss in short'
g. Describe the difference between short-term scheduting and long-term scheduling'

SECTION B

7
aa Attempt any three of the follorving: 7 x3:21
a. What do you mean by Kernel? Describe various operations performed by Kemel.
b. What do you mean by critical section problem? Write Peterson's Solution to solve
this problem.
c. What do you mean by Inter-Process Communication? Explain fundamental
models of IPC in details.
d. Find the page fault for following reference string (for 3 frames and 4 frames)
,'iog rtFo, LRU, MFU and optimal page replacement algorithms:
1, 2, 3, 4, 1,2, 5, 6, 3, t, 3, ?, 4, 5
e. What is the concept of deadlock? Discuss the necessary conditions for deadlock
with examples.
SECTION C

3. Attempt any onepart of the following: 7xI =7

(a) Explain the structure of an operating system. Also discuss various components of
an operating sYstem.
(b) What do you m€an by monolithic and micro lithic kemels?

1lf a&*

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4. Attempt any orre part of the following:

7xl*7
(a) Describe Banker's atgorithm for safe allobation'
tilne and waiting'time of following with the FCFS
i*u*""6
O) What is tha average
and SRTF scheduling algorithms?
Process Arrival time Burst time
P1 0.0 I
P2 4.4 4
P3 1.0 1

I
Attempt any oncpart of the following:
7x =7
5.
a

sotutisn to this problern using

(a) Describe the Producer-cou$lmer problern. Provide a
semaPhores.
solution to solve
(b) what do you mean by critical section problem? write Peterson's
this probiem
r -ial-
the r^,^-.s--:
followtng: 7 Xl=1
6. Attempt aray oilo part of

\-'
(a)Findthepagefaultforfollowingreferencestring(for3framesand4framgs)
using FIFb aoA mU page re'placement algorithms:
l, 2 3.; 1, 1,2; 5, 6, 3, l, 3, 2, 4, 5
or not'
Discuss whether Belady's Anomaly exists here
(b) Explain the concept of segmentation with proper diagram'

7 xl=7
7. Attempt *ny onepart of the following:
(a) ,Descfibsth€ mcmory msnsSem€ot an! file system for LINUX operating systeul
regpect to file system:
Oi Discuss the following with
(r) ConsistencY Checting
(O Commonfileattributes

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Momar Managtn tt
Date

Meno Managm ent iu tha proceA oCordsum

omd codimahina Computn mum imnimg ahers Caled
blou vaninus wm gnams o tpdimiz e oveel systum

Mumo manaam ent maimu Cemceuned wh na

allatatiem o main memm a auusting ote No 0dan
buse cetain omeunt memoy located te
Wa An a o

ive Yequirtmerts o memm manaaument ahe

Relocatien:
Rdocakon a fmd a way e map unhal odelrehs
mdephysio oddxt
load d an maun munmtSihte hexe
utem a pdctb
irtwuhtu insideA he errocs s hae addres s Me
ae SaL
o xdocataba adde
dire intruN inside he
cenuatd intp autua ddsos loda in Sea
whdh ans

2Shauna lexibik
eteion
medhanim ma hae
P
auces he Sae.
Seuaprotuses te
A alou
mumar

3 Pgteuh'en

allotatd te t.
Utceima muman tat haj ngt blen
nwayctsd nty unaby
Eu adtesShaalo. prstut agasmt
ths oced

4 Legcal ganigatisn ne-dumenstmal

0domnd a Lman a
mimaT
mima xwds.

eSeutme obtu
Spare hat cermdetse
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Dalte T
eLemday mummy st ik hysital lw s Sîmilal4
oganigdinte maduules
d. Mt ha pragaams a

5 PhysitalOganigatien
he Cempuutu wman 0rganzAd as mdln miraon-
orrod Sc.cerda muma mais mumor poisls obst aus

Haueatha seterdas mumon akoau but san Adad f

Amg tkam SAbrag wth lang lasauay

Addrs bimdig
Addru binding R the oC s mapping h atngas
Aogatak Nstal oddrea pendimg phusitalsmaun.
mLma oddusea
Adkim binoing paroCatia mem manaqunet
d s piaorOd b e eptakmo tum n behale e
plelitdSea that nad aus mtmo
nstuhmard dat to mem- O0dsis am

olon n ullauung waysi

Copde tm:
uhen t naun at cple Ame swhuu cs
ww KaideLrmpale khme bindina ued tgentate
nate he
abseute code
Lod tere:
n it no Eran at Cmpile bome h he
poc |u, rAide in mumon hun eabidenunuatu
suocadble Coole
Cachen iei
the
eots can be. mved duiq i xeutin fem
6r mumany stnd anatho thm bindrg muat be dilayd .
be don
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

Dynamic loading
Bupamin loadina e mabpin on xeutable
Bna AS apCUA mumon altu ' haß stated n dpnamic

b na mgam.
mamic l0adinq maku btta muman spaceuiganm
ARd Mimu aN nw Joadsd Ok _s u m-
Jana ou Codaau hudsd o handde intreutntly
OCCuiaCas

make 1Linking
Linkin h poc Calleina ard Cobimng
Ja ousmacdulA Code ard data inde a exeatabe pde hat Can
b laaded in mtm and exeutd. 0S Canink sust em lu
lubranitte argka
load. tmethe kg
hun it CAmbinus the bmiu at
Atalla stadu Linkmg and ten thi Linkicq dene at the

Ovlaa
Oyalays
aVem hme whn athua.
nd data that a heedis_ at an
huded, dhuy aM oadtd rat uns
ihte Space hat uas
INtxuuh'ens auu
uhednganesdad.
mtrucS'®rsnat
-0cupisd reuios

Swaig it ble p m totul sial addsea

Swdping mak fphysial mamay
Space all ocus k kLed me rl
he Sutum-
Aasustim
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

PageNo.
Date|

Logital VS Phyaital AddrusSpace

Lagital addrus Aace A S o all Lagtal addrs
unatd mglamfhugital addre space ua Sut a
pstal_addsuna careaesmdimg t hese Aagal addnss
Loataaddrm A qatnatod b ceu fhusiak aldrs
aadsd.rth main ma nd it Loadd inder ha
main um m addrusr ta.

QCoraide a lagta adldrtsace a uight fagu o lo

d azh maeed ma a phypical um o 32 famas eni
Ha oany t a n dogtal adda
Hoemany ta in thpial addr2
Sal e Jegital addxa split inte Aue fparti
h adldr and hn St
Paau adldses 3 aalodrs utA
oFfSet loy= 2 = le add rus bita.
Tata B addrus bt
phaita
hsial addxos uspuik inde AuC paut:-
he fer addres ard fhn ofset
ane coldrua= 32 2 - S addros bita
=lo oddrus btA
sek lo24
Tatal =_lS aold us bit

Hola inMUm fatihnimg

he os kee a tablee inditatmq ushithpart mum
ae auailable and shih ae ocupid. usialeall mim
availa tlekc pocuuard. s caidud sr a back
aailabl mem Enam hale. whun a pat omumgy
A ocupid a t nd let 1ut s e mumy a
noun ai hale A holaan be rutdushn a pec»
Coltd and aaues he mon
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No..
Date

here
hee a Aug Mana umnt technigues Ceytiguae and
NOm Cond quLasA
Sn Comdiguas tuhnigu exeutmg oa muE

JaadsanYuy maim -mumer Contbiguas Techmp

be duida inte
xdStadic ahdenim
2 Vaiable/ dipais eantikusn8-

fxed stahic anshienug

Pantitm mo mmc ino a Set nen-velaphurg
pautihon. fxed pashAo can be e
muma Ttarisu cald
LALa untual Siyts.

Poram
Pronam
hole
foqam3
Prropo 2
oqaom2
rognam 1
hol
frgamno oS
OS

Pah onung
2) Vaiable Bumama andpaahhend a hads
RAM mpty
Iritiall etes 's hud iNtead
un- ime akording
dusina, e
toiguY
a Sine barndi tra
dusimg ttm aSen Sha
arss'enemg Ka
in thming testa he
u be e4ual
he atA AG had
ke h NLLd ovcrt.
Vani actordm avádaol
avddiad A9 tuare
Ao ru

hagmintaki en- Can

n b
be
itnal
URiaadhn q RAM.
ut

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date L
DynamicMLman Altabons teshnugue
akk. bat jk ard ultpt an the ha
ommem trakeaita Ad kor sdet a fu halu fom
*hest o avaidable hedu.
fat
n pYst_ fE apoah i
hu allasate thuat
u putNm _ty hole lane maigh uhudh_can atmedate

panhim
26 6t
Tha btuk f* deals with alo cahmg tha smalleut
fre patitm hith meh guirennt o th rguaty-
dorota i algaithan ixak Stauhes h sntir iat ofru
anbKema ond cmaiduy smallut hale hat Aadeguuate.
* tiu amd a hole ushith u dee touuual s

sig udd

foee btm se at tme poiien att wi be bige nogh

Omtcuna fameataben
BE Sahog rdatu te id Sig baathihimamgTeAtum-

*haninh Small loc a. egired ths progaam Hou

movenn unon A adocated Sdmu tham i heded btha-
proc hchtAtmAal Oult n excus memdy qmgwaata

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

extenal ngmntat'en
he main memon omahedu bctuweun ipo0 Aior alotocted
Mat4 kre
Mero
men07 hat Small e holdQm aoCes Adaords

oSaaotadem algarttna wkn Lamtiqueu blotka

Wmuseod
Apace mat S a hu YLuut beause na Sp 0ks
a ue Smalu aa mam0r aplslitahi en need
Sime
tuum, ha nm cenioeLs loces CxLoake
mon Tu mq in rustd sttn hat ana utaide
ha aLocated raien manumq it annat b d alema w

nd up inq iielated ard Canmot beitetally

Uminatd frem th memanyspae Th ald exturoal
aqmemctatiem. 2t an b UmavedbCempathien uhuch Shuy
Comtnt tha memanp do place all ra muma h-

vm Mumen bankhen oo K Sook 2o0k 300

Ond 60 k in du. Ha wodd tash e afrat pkz

but tt and. woat pt algonthim pace erot
uk 12 t and y26 K 2 outh alaonthon mau
mot utt e mum -
Mumom
212k
41

26 K

Stats tuna
TAmdben
Papief

S6 K f
200 K
3 K fre
Go P 163 K
odtuatailale.100k Tonl sed941 k
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date T

mPa Proc Mumor 9,nttna

DAUmbe. RRgmustd tog mantnten

41 83K
uL
Poo k 12k 6u
300 K 212k
Soo K fy 26 K
Tota auoila.ble1200 Toca sed 1|6)k
wWorat St
Mimam
Nba
muman Sahus tunma
Ragpautd
loo k
uu 3k

6 00K P

Tota auailale ! no0 Tota ediE4 k

Buk * alaontha akes mAt uut ise a
uen be.couimts al u ocusea a alaatd
with im a indinal fagmatat on

Poai
PaninaA
mimomt managuntntSthume that
Jmimatu he_heud o Coniquaus allotahen o Aphupitalmumony
ha suhuna pumib the phaital odd.rsspace oa roces
b_nem- Contigueus fagina avads xtuuna faqmintahen
amd dhe need ur ea m.
Logital addro An addce onated bu bhe Ceu.
Logial ald-con apceTe Stt o allAogital oddrtst
umdated. b a pogam.
Psital addes : ooldrus o ctallaNeuale on memy-
Mnt
hpital addre» spae Ne sut o allphysital oddra
Corperdirg
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

Phyaital
addko5
frame
Ceu

ehysita MUm
Page able

The mapping fem vixtuas ke physial aadreau u

ut uhich is a hardua
da ye mmon mamaqument
saum aspagiss thngne
otce ad ni mapeng.
addruApace conceptmally diuided
fhiysical
ehxd-sigu blocka called hamu.
inde a umbu
addxus ace alse splitd inte
eqital
pxsd- Siz lotks Caleoeag-

laq, eTMT
Pag fasult n_a prgnam TGUUA
An intembB hat OC s
dao
amd Ltad itint_RAM An invalid pag4
withaa meman
OS Conmotprd
Alai memm -
ha dataan
A_apaga
A pao faultocna n an accs

bun_ brmght _main mumomy taks SaLL.

thak
hakhas no

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.

Date

Sttps m handlimg. þaae. fault bp ouatinq &uti

bating SJove2

oOatq Euuttm

)BmAY
R Pagt sing
able
wta

Samentad'en,
Seqmentahon sa muman manaqien nt Scheme ht
Suea h pePanero viue mmmyA Lagitas aodro
sace a calle.uhon Sqmints &ath se4mbitiha a
name amd a tntn
ke addsts Speu both thu Smet hamu ad ha
sawihin u Stgaant h erbgaamm huxejase peupta
Lath addrt Aue uaaddu Smnt rame and.an

TOrSimliud o implomtnhitn Stqntna a humbud

Onda xeerrd kr Stqmt hunbe Sumint nunde
indexe a. to Amnttasle. Lach nt im Stgmunt able
a aStapmen base ad Stpmuot Lmut. Sepmnd base
Conan h phgsitas addrus shua sqmut rsidu in
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

S ntaden s a memo m0nagm nt tchnirÁA

nuh the mimonL diu'dsd inde vaiable.sg pat
Cauh pat a kaaan a Stoment shih canbe allataked
T detaiisabateachSAqrnt an Stored
aro.
n asle calld spant table.
S *
ale |spokrg

Sgr
Sget 2
GPU-
Seqd 3
Leqtal
add ros

Phyital Addrus
aee
No

na aolalerts

Sn todin
D_Progam
Paging
divided mte
Vaniable Sigu Sntnt.
se 1up l
uiding pogom int Sm
di
dividing -

oninatuintthnal
9t aat dorats intumal
agemiontadon.
antah'tn eXttmal
an imngutu
ininatu Xtnal
tant apmntadem.
ementabiom. f
a it
0S nantains a ut s fseD OS maltains
ama
naduan mmont

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

irhal Mm
_Cmputu canaddrusmaa mum.y than the
otuthyitally inBalltd m_th syttm TR eXta.
a.ctalu Lald virtal meman ond Aa.
Selhie a had duss has set as A tnulate the
Comautuws KAm
moin 0datag a schume that
Ptna Can b anan ahan phaiil mma Uinhal
mmm Seaans_we purpabea xAt it allauss ttrd
xhe use phpi ta m udna disk Sacendit
alaa Ms A haie md rAte.ch anbeaR Rach-
addcis t0dated aphypital addr
Vixtual mumm O munny mamaquatmt Cababidihy
m 0S that uu handuana and saltwar. ollo a_

ut*oCampussat o phsita memmy shentag.by-

tuparaniu taexnrg data fem RAM A dusr aturcqu.

vi(AmalAddres Phpital Addrus

A
C

8
16k E
16K
20k
24k A

SeCerdo Memmy
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No. -

Date

&umand Pagin4
poge inte mamon an he

dumad wndmeHA a4L auule ocws kEnaun a dim ad

pagng
cPU tries oreya a saqu tnat u
-

Pyoc man mtan

1

9ntnatean
m auajlable o he
os
inurmpt dmditatima maman arLess tault
MteTntrd potd ia blakimg.
Steate. fos fha exeuson-
tmmg th rguirtd
pag ite

adores Space hereguise d

fromdaptasadglvusSpace

Pa will be bought
Thu faa table wu pdated
ppitaL addrus skaca
Sigmalwil be stat
ta he ceu
autematical T
exeuKn ad it wu placs
e_cennue kha magAam
roc ba ine ready stake.
he

Sunp oG
A

Poanan SUuain

Secerda Ctraa

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

PageNo.
Date

Pag Re lazement Algoerithom

rA an fut Out CFiFo)
A FLEO rpoument algithm asaciats wth ach
a u uhm that paquwa brouaht inte memory
ame
whn a mut be ploced he oldut paqLAheltm
cam cxtate a ffo gue held all paga suma
th hAAd atha us hn a
boght mte meman, ,we insut at he tail a

Qophmal Replaceriat Algonthm

that ag..
ptnal 4&l sdet jr replactment
r ukith he tme e tha ht rtunte s thelsngut
po 1tplaatnent page algorihm hai tha Aauut
Aapimml
al algorthma. TK algonthm s inpale
ault
aut rate
nplmit becaue wold Ttguixethe puatng yatsm
haue puct noldq utt n

3
U pag Teplactmet
as
we sethe TecLt at
oo Teplace the paau at
hanot
hn u
he
he nean
hean uture
theAnguk penod s me
bLin
bLum ed Ja sed LAU) algo
h the lat restntly

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No
Date
Cenido th nuina
2,3 tenua tn
4,S, 62, 23 2, 6, 3,21,2,3,
DLV
agaTeplaumeut al ermm
o namu in ach ase ad
famu aaikallu uty
So EIFo

3 3 3

3
Po Fault 1
ams

s s
2
3

afaults=1
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

PageNo.
Date

LRu -pagareplatemnt algithm

3dm
3

3
6
2
3 3

Pag fauls- IS

3 3 3 3

2 3 3

faa tault= 10

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.

Date
oahin
Thiaahuna OGLAna hun a yaten Apends more hma.
n atebmg aqjauty aina han exuuting inruuhon

hnashina aCoapastn attiuih that maka Lte

0 USuall ma napptm due e onited raancas a
xhaaken minor aiss shem a paa faukt ocu
Paaault asuse mmma CL uiszUal mimm-
pace ats nat ap e Cntiat RAMn.

CPu be Cemesidle..
2 Decseaing-
Deceaina h uiligatiem incxtats e alegmaa emulbaam

eanea ultprOgawn

Apc hnashing4 Stndung maeme

in agkna haexeudien ThndhUma- diste phtunmnamn
Thrain4 bu Sappmya4 amdmd. oat r dama me

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Unut- S
Bage No.
T/o Mamagumment Dik Sh edulin
Dak

I/o dwicea an he callechon inteapaces that dilrnt

CoMmumak Awih auh amen

npt a u si9cals eceived the unit _and
0uttputs ane he sipoals dttfm tlo deuiced i au usid
by ne Cemmumitate wit a Cmput

Cakegeia 1o duics ai
DAwman readablei
3 Suihble tor Commumicatmg wth ne Computu
x- fintus kuyboard

Mauhin Readable
Suitable Commmumitatim, nth otrenic

e kond abe dave, Atnboa,.

Cemmuunitanon
Suitas t tommnitarg. uh imate.

dwi X Mal driuus mademu

Jachndpus rganegabion o /o tundhen

D Fragrammed T/O
nqnammaa Tlo takes place undtn dixect contrel
CPU CPu i>ues Cemmano nbuhal
pbC Ilo module. CPU thn wuds ok ha
areaacerdrg
spuatim de be Capleted

ntempt dven I/o

dn hu cPu u a mmand enhal o
on o maduule the 1/ointndom
pxoc next
nm blodemg ceN Conhnuu e execute
fem by he
inhyotden Downloaded Same emc
harendra tomar (harendrasinghtomar99@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No. -
Date

the loinruthbn otkim Os daku oU

Suspdthe urt pocbamd. asig CN A8_anshu

3Divett enmony AcA (bmA:

DmA module Cenhs exthanaa daabehw sn
um ad an Llomodude CPU Stnd a tmust e
ran n a lock datu ha DmA madule and -

indemuad sn at hu nde bleckhas bun transdexxed

A bu aa Tpsr mumy Aad . mpma

ndd data shide it humq meved tem ra place e
amethen
A buA memm aa.ea that stru dat buim _
ransered beku een hue devica _o bttJun adeuica and
aeitadhon. Buing i doma te cop witha
aprd

adth beA un th mou and coum sa olata

Sream
peideadaptaaers ordwi thathave
BAuN
dinat da ranaj siguA

Lo bueung techigutA
Singte butwg
a buh in heSyakempoifen o main memy-
thopenaen.
The fuhni gue all ou4:
con be bed as

nput dronaiN au made to tha Syttm u

bluk-
wh thu enJth A_Commplte ha pr0tt mova he
Ta i Cald
in u spaa d iguut msthu blouk
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date D
aduma ahtad it dena nhe expeitachen hak
h blok wilL be heedkol Sometme in utxe
T apardah 09un.uall ovida a Spted up
Conpaned he lack o Stem bufiiq h 0
mtKeep atk the airmint o tha tum
bu u a procue.
OS Usea pygtas
Tlo deuice Tn Move

2 Double b im
A aammuma tethmiqme that usuAue
e shuedupa cmputa that ton ovelop Llo
uh oceima Data ih e u a bting aadd
L me nex t o dataiis Tad ine he efhe

S Use rOceM

Tlo On Move
deuice

3 run buhing
hen_mareham_Awe buny a Lsed ha Cellechon_

bu itsy callo irculan bn with ach

bun ung
oma
nt ha ixulan bu

Move

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

o sps4 Page No.

Date

Seuicesxovidud n Kumel o Subayuttn

DTlo scheduln
&ing
Camg
Sporelug
Eror hentlumg

Nueus 8h disk Schduk algonthms

1ECESsche.dulng ChiatCorm ixat Stu
2SSTE Sdhteduulumg hstut Suk Tiore hirat)
3SCAN sheduu
AAhe name uaautsdhis alanthm scans all Ha
induu disk batk and osth Head stats tremn
Gm rd a he disk and move uwands ha othan nd
Svium a_e 1tguus
Saviumq, in buboten. AtuTahm
ne eth end had ruers i disech en and mve
wads he Stansng
end Suuiung all the vequuts
n bhuem ha Sama rocep rat
alue alld a uatos Alanthm.

CSCAN Schedubrq -SCAN) Crlar

an impoved vusim SGAN alaundhm. Htad
Staatskrem m d he disk ard move oudardstha
othe te suuiug a h guuts in butwun At
YAAchma otnu tnd hud weei direthen. 4t then
vdnaethe Stanbmatrd withautt Suviurg a
Teguet n buum. Sa pocerata.
SLOoK Scheduq
Head S Aats trem ha IAt veguat at s rd
he disk and maua danda ha lak Ttaut at me shuL
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Page No.
Js Date

endSAUiumgil e tauut in berwzunHtu Rahm

hela TequLta at t hex end hadrevei IRs
disciom.t anTtums A the kiatixeguu at
fha Stanima nd suuiug o hi reguutA un beuwaun
SameSame proce xepat

Numui as
fcFS Schedubng

Suppose ae moNg hud dusk wh 200 ratka a

CuntlySeavmg a requto Arack 43 and ha just

ASkt im Eifo orda 36143 199y iS. ushat

AsAetal hradmNmeat dha qalLuting sthedug
FCPS
1 1Hq9 ISo
36, 14
madstaat = Y3
93 So
36

(Y2-86) + (1y24) +
Totl diasance =(43-86)+
(9-9) +(122-44)+CISo-2)
39

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
otsd Date

had o movimg dusk s cLsintly

Suppebehe
Suviuma a regust at Aratk 62 dea proca
Coruide
Tuubng tuYtad fmt allung trat -

66 65, 32120 12 92
3 20 12 142
Se Gue 66L6S
head atart = 62

32 62 66 2 42 6S
1

Tutal mtad. movemmt- (66-62) +6S-66) *C6S-32)+

(2o-32+Cl20-)+ 2H
S62 --

SS TE Schedubmg

Gbtaua dhe etal Mumbea a head movementsheedede

SGANSaiay ha jolang Scqutnce hak rgu tah
SGAN

the_hue poluu 27 121U0186, 14 4 1o 642o

Amums hat dit head init'alk poaidensdoVta tatkloa
amd moumg n_diredben decxeasmg4 TacknumbA
Se head Chot= 1o
L =2 12, 10, 186, 143 , 10, 64, 120
21 C (2 14 86

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PageNo.
Date

Toal htad mavumd=(100-6)+(CYD+1-27)+ 27-19

+0-+(lo-0)+l20 -11o) +(21-2)

= 286.

AP the movmghud diat wth 200 hatk u

Sanimga equut tak 3 aasol oA t
L-SCAN
pnimd _a requu.
u A ki in FiFo odu B6 4 91129, 11
hat ttu hradmevement er SSE Shedulumg
So hLad staat =193
muL 86, 14+, 1 194, 94, So

2S 43 4 S

(IS0-4+19-1So)+
terta had movemunt =(13 - 143)+
7- (26-0) t @1-$) + 1-1)
30S

Supae the heed amevng htad dis Usmtly.

a equu* at tatk 6 (eruiclu a4foces Tegttrg
Savitng
hem the jollowng aks 66, 1S, 32, 120 12142
9 ad
hSS T E._

So hud stat =_c2

12142.
QML 56 6S, 32 ho

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
sts3 Date
62 42 S
32 66 120

tsnl ad movemmt=66-62)+66-32) +(32-12)+(20-12)+

42-120) +(16S-142)
21

3 ScAN Scheduurg
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

otsa PageNo..
Date

aie Suutum tguista Son&inrmatom shla hactb.

diak dividd inde numbe a paaiders the
oeuatngSttum Ststd in ha pxAt pah m.
he dar dunk_does noet _Contaio an 0S
his block co be mpy A calzd baretblak-

Bit Vutos
YA Space Lat i2 implmtnted ds a1bt me
orik ve Ldtor .ach blouk pAtmtd ybut 4
he block aS tre the it A4he bdock_u

allotatdthe t so
o ex Consdur a disk uShana blotk 23 4s, 8 i
o,1)1213,12 8 25, 26and 22 a ft ond 1ut

na blacse alocatd
The fse-space t map wuld be
_oo 1)) o o LLLLo o o o oo ao oll|6o

LinkedUt
Anethea apooadh e fru Spacemanag t 0 Jmk
tegutha all he treedust keepna a ot 20 dha_ locks
IAt tre loc ina staual lotoen on he diuk ad
Cothingit in mamony pat bloukCentni a patn
9the nxt ree disk_ blocks and se

free-a

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No.
Date

Sreupingmediotatien o Lst appovach sts he

A-
addreta o n fte blocks n hafrst blatk. h
iu hu blatks uaualu fu e daut
bosk Contains ha addxta s mohu n fra blotk and
Se en.he addrusu oa lan94humba o free black

Camnos be eund gtk*

RALP
RALD ands oRadundant Any n cxpunave dissa
Suhienua latta inder xetd Rdumdant Aray
ndpndent Dista u technelag, nos Aseo malmet al
he 11_Oxqartunaden AooFna o data rudundaney amd bttn.
pomance * Comiht mulsle avaloble dia int 1
or mloqital dive ard ves yauuthe abilty de uuuive.
n mre daiva taulunes detndianq uen the RAid dwel

th dha inutasima dumand m_ha Stuage. ad daa

wosdd wids me pmme Cenctnm sma ovganzadenA mam
uands Ma Ssuuty hix dan:Me tum scumh das
seund tom Vulmuable attacks athu than
Bem hard disk aimerd any Suh dwant audn uehih
Can Aead ke dutucdn data.

DRAID 0
Th Luel Stnp tha data inde mulhple avalable
drivsuaty qiing vy gh Tead ana wnte sarmarek
u uing maut oltance orTedundanu This luel
d not pr0uudeso he KAIDatos Ond Camnot be
Cesidud in am orqonagaheNlosEmq tur urdane inatsad
it paend uhuu hgh kamamce
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gixs
 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

PegeNo. .

RAID O Date

A A
A3 Ay
As A
An As
RA 1
h Lu posmu mimma a daian_ dauve
Adnuk2 10oy. idurdasaa ana
Cohnu s 0 wn uthendiuk dadsSo_
Oqaiatim loetna jer bttn ndundanC t
hs S udmut Colt can beur acr
RAD1

A A

Ar Az-
A3
Ay Au

RAID 2,
R Awel AAses bit- luwel data stipng 2amen han.

block lwel,__Te be able Ae RAID 2 make Sue.

dusk
en_chcibina mehanNAm_ 0
disk sele,.dd ha ne se
hs Jul uu ,tma Hamin Coda exer diteshien
is ene me ra m RAID A nat in he exiattnce
T
in TtalII wd met o e disks dthue da
an exta disk -
COme wih sel eror deechen
u u

Shn a_ha pamhy amahen

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

RAILD 9
Thu dwel uubyte luel stnppmg altng wih
dnve Atd Asthse ha pamt-
e0a &ne dedicatro.
inlaimah'en and in cale
dave ailnatha pam
But n cau the
A atd ainq a
1extyadnve.

pamt_dnvuCyashe en a edundenu getaketd

Coideed drganaddru.
qdin Ae hot_ muth
RAID 3

Aa Ae
Ay Apl3
As

B3-

sRAID Y
trem
Ihi Auwe uVUy siula ke RAID3apart
he atuxe shee RA D s lockluel Sne a
ath han bute luuel
KAID 44

A A Ar
B
Ce
D D De
DiAK 2 Disk 3
6RAID 5
d Mock Je shiping and.wh thu Aul-
dinibuted panh Concet cameinde he bthuiedeama
bekindxhe. boduhioral dudicatedparid ud in BA1D3d
KAID Pamb inosmaien uwntn a diyreak_dar in.
tre anan chskipen_ Ca oinale dusr tailune
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page Ho.

Date

daa Cam bbe Cavad with the hu4 distnbut

nd atha rtad
par ithat aehrg thaspuakon
wite puatio
RA ID S5

A A2 Ar
3
B
C C3
Ce
D3
De D
DAL 2 Disk 3

DRAD G
Auel aa mhanLim tnd vousn eKAIB S
btmaht e dual pamut This
usU
oddum
ddumacXba
bloukaAw stripingwith DUAL diatrbutd pasy
So nas L COm t cxta seoundany
RAID 6

A A2 AP AP2
B C
C2
C
D DP D
L Pr
Dsk 3 DA
Dik

RAID 0t|
Ths lwel uu RAID Oand AA D epovidung

dundana Stnpbirg data s posm brjore itonrg

nthis lwelAhe oval Capaui dnve
sadedv
ducrd aCopantd e th RAID Jwtls..

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Page No
Data
RAID a +)
RAID

R D d
RAID Oo

A A2 A A
A Ay A3
As Ac As As
An As A Ag

RAID to
Th ueA pubm misvng daa
hch makes mose eiu ard vedund and as Copad-
RAID 0+) Jwel Can Suvemutpla simuutontau
dive aiura.
RAIDt0
RAD O
RAID 1
RAID 1

A AL Az
As A3 Au A
As As
An A As As

File Sutems
fle syutum p mt LiA Ctatud data colle ch eru.

Calldhlu wh duinde trspentiu:

1ng ttm exnttnce
6s ae Stored n dak or thah Secandam

Strage and d hot disae ea shun a. er eg

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

olf sgs Peg

Date

2Shaable
and Cam haue Obouated ams
Hla aue nemes
pLAmibiem hat pumit coellu shag-

3Structuxe
Dtndung nle Sytm a ple cam haue on.
intnalStrutdre ACen Vennt Jo fpaiula iaptaaisn.
ha

lehem a data citatd bu

AuC 2 duidtu
n a
uw a
a meaMs Astose data Omanizud a hle as
OCallehon o untom ht be pus me mpde

x
Gpenabiens po med. enipla Syutu
CTeate
2 Delte
3 Ge-

sReod
6 wte

atibtu
hle Centiuns Yambus
Name othe ple
2 denbptt
3

LOCahien
sSi
Pretckern

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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

9tsd
Page No.
Date
Hl ganigntio Muheds
Hleo
qaaaion e the uadaa A stord
im_ople bde
organiatien v impestant be.lause 1t
dituminu he methods Le, útnuy eaib iLt
amolstmaqe dwi c use.
hexe au ous mitheds oga m
Scqutmtial A gangation
Recads aod ae sthxed and aAed in a paÁular
Sostid lxda Amg a Kupheld. Retmwa TeuKu seauchg
Stmi.ally maaugh thetnhse pla LcOrd Lcand 9 ha
Lmd

2: Rand.om ile Oqamigahen

Recods ane stored randtm buk auud duvey
Ta ace a ple ushih Stxed
ademly a ecod ky a-
ALLede detamina sh
aeod isstored m the stUraq4
media.

Serua Rle Oqaniphon

Racds aplehle au stored end aec.uud one
altt an sthea

ndexed- Sequdndial hile Oganigatien

Sim dan StgMenhal ethad u hat an ibde-
lusd to unale he cmpta Jocate ihdi uidual
3Ldsn meStorag mdia:

Auos_Medhanusms
:Seqm.embal Aces

2 Dixe Acc
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 lOMoARcPSD|26785585

Poge
Date
Dixetto
ndisc an be viid a a pmb takle that
mlatu ple nome iA thi directo
ntna
WL canLu hat the ditery itA Cam be02gazid
he ganizaher mmuat be alleusd te
IMSUr_entms dedete untnu te Sauh 4s a namac

nechn mplmntad in we ways

nea lst
a inean list hle namu with pontes ee
th data blouks. unA it uua unlar Such t pnd
abiudan entry Sinple ar nanomi but tone
COrunm exe te

2: Hash dabe
Ma tble e deestob he disect Statuh bme.
rahen and delehion ane ase Staightmuand Hah ~able
taku ha vaue. Cpte tvem ha le name Thea it rtutms.
ait te l namein the ntan kist Mosh tle

ateru puosmd n a dise try aei

F|Seanchimg aple
2 Ceate a le
31 Ddete a hle
RinaReman aple
SLit ddrecdy-

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