QUANTUM MECHANICS ENERGY QUANTIZATION

~classical approach of bbr :

ultraviolet catastrophe .

CLASSICAL PHYSICS -to avoid uve

,
Planck proposed emF Takes Ein discrete amts ·

1) precise
trajectory (exact p[X) thermal prop of solids (heat capacity) show vibrations take

2 ) allows trans not , vib modes motion to be excited to E Ein discrete amts
any
. of
, .

F & molecular atoms

, molecules
by controlling .
atomic spectra show take

do to indiv
these not
apply . atoms E in discrete cants .

light EMR
-

EMF
:

oscillating , magnetic disturbance BLACK-BODY

&
-spreads Harmonic Wave
object capable of emitting absorbing radiation
uniformly
:

as

Harmonic wave
:

wave displacements as sin/cos f(x) .

BLACK-BODY RADIATION
SPEED OF LIGHT & high temp
2
:

3 x
100m/s -proportion of radiation & visible
range
-higher proportion short I
of blue-light
EMF
electric Field stationary/moving particles
:

magnetic field
:

moving charged particles ↑

↑ T

2 ↓ 2
characterize EMF

dist .
bet .

peaks of wave

UNIT meters
:

V ENERGY DENSITY

Frequency dE or E :

total energy of region

div .

by volume

Ent
# of times
per sec & wic displacement returns E =

UNIT
:

H2 or S-

UNIT : 5 /m

2v =

C dE =

pd2
-

V DENSITY OF STATES (p)

wave no radiation width bet 2 & 2 d2
OF
range
+

.
of .

= I 1
C
=

2
proportionality bet .

dEG, d2

UNIT :
- UNIT : 5/m4

EMR SPECTRUM
E =

(pd(z) 8

desc/dassification of eMF .
acc .
to v4h Lord
Rayleigh :
EMF is a collection of oscillators of all v

400 700nm regardless kT

light
=

V
range of white ang energy of
-

RAYLEGH-JEANS LAW (Rayleight James Jeans]

=
235/k
-

k =
1 .
381x16