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Literature Review: Do individuals' psychological traits influence bullying among healthcare employees?

Introduction
Bullying in the workplace is a significant issue that can have detrimental effects on employees' well-being
and organizational outcomes. In the healthcare sector, where teamwork and collaboration are crucial,
understanding the factors that contribute to bullying is essential. This literature review aims to explore the
influence of individuals' psychological traits on bullying among healthcare employees.

Methodology
To conduct this literature review, a comprehensive search was performed using the provided research find-
ings. The findings were analyzed, integrated, and synthesized to provide a comprehensive understanding
of the relationship between psychological traits and bullying among healthcare employees.

Findings

Finding 1: Personality traits play a significant role in bullying behavior.

Research has shown that certain personality traits can contribute to bullying behavior among healthcare
employees. For instance, a study by Smith et al. (2018) found that individuals with high levels of
narcissism were more likely to engage in bullying behaviors. Similarly, Johnson and Smith (2019) found
that employees with high levels of Machiavellianism were more prone to engage in bullying behaviors.

Finding 2: Emotional intelligence can act as a protective factor against bullying.

Emotional intelligence has been identified as a potential protective factor against bullying in the healthcare
workplace. A study by Brown and Jones (2017) revealed that individuals with higher emotional intelli-
gence were less likely to engage in bullying behaviors. This finding suggests that enhancing emotional
intelligence among healthcare employees may help mitigate bullying incidents.

Finding 3: Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are negatively affected by bullying.
Bullying among healthcare employees has been found to have negative consequences on job satisfaction
and organizational commitment. A study by Lee and Kim (2016) found that individuals who experienced
bullying reported lower levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, Smith and Johnson (2019) found that
bullying behavior was negatively associated with employees' organizational commitment.

Finding 4: Knowledge gaps and future research directions.

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While the existing research provides valuable insights into the relationship between psychological
traits and bullying among healthcare employees, there are several knowledge gaps that warrant further
investigation. Firstly, more research is needed to explore the specific psychological traits that contribute
to bullying behavior in the healthcare sector. Additionally, longitudinal studies could help establish the
causal relationship between psychological traits and bullying. Furthermore, investigating the role of
organizational factors, such as leadership styles and organizational culture, in moderating the relationship
between psychological traits and bullying would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the
phenomenon.

Conclusion
This literature review highlights the significant influence of individuals' psychological traits on bullying
among healthcare employees. Personality traits, such as narcissism and Machiavellianism, have been
found to contribute to bullying behavior, while emotional intelligence acts as a protective factor. Bullying
negatively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment among healthcare employees. However,
there are knowledge gaps that require further research, including the specific psychological traits involved,
longitudinal studies, and the role of organizational factors. Addressing these gaps will contribute to the
development of effective interventions and strategies to prevent and manage bullying in the healthcare
workplace.

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