Ethics
 is derived from the Greek words of
‘’ethos’’ (characteristic way of acting,
habit or custom)
 In latin it can be mos, more (moral,
morality)
 Studies the characteristics behavior of
man as endowed with reason and
freewill
 It is a guidelines or standard of right
and wrong and it helps us on how to
live our life meaningfully
Study of ethics started with Greek
philosophers:
1. SOCRATES: father of moral philosophy
2. ARISTOTLE: influenced ethical thinking
with 3 treatises; Nicomachean ethics,
the Eudemian Ethics, and the Magna
Moralia( Great Ethics)
3. PLATO
DEFINITION OF ETHICS
 Science of the morality of human acts
 It is done intentionally and freely
(waling, singing etc.)
 On the other hand, acts of man are
instinctive ( physiological and
psychological movements) like
breathing, feeling happy, and
falling in love
 Ethics does not study the acts of man
but as factors affecting man’s
judgement and violation
 It is the study of man as moral being,
one who is able to distinguish or know
between right and wrong
 Examines how man is accountable for
his actions and its consequences
Propose how man out to live his life
meaningfully (It Helps Us to Make Better
Decisions
Morality gives us a framework (set of
rules or guidelines)for understanding the
wrld and deciding what is right and
wrong. It helps us see the consequences
of our actions and gives us a sense of
empathy for others. With this knowledge,
we can make better decisions about how
to act in the world.
ETHICS VS MORALITY
 ethics refer to rules provided by an
external source, e.g., codes of conduct
in workplaces or principles in
religions. Morals refer to an
individual's own principles or belief
regarding right and wrong.
 Ethics is concerned with morality
(makes an act good or evil, correct or
wrong)
 Ethics examines and explains the
rational basis why actions are immoral
or moral
 Ethics is concerned with the norms of
human behavior
ART OF CORRECT LIVING
 Ethics is just like an art that’s why it is
called art of correct living because just
like an art it teaches on how we may
put order and harmony in our lives.
  Ethics is practical science and differs
from one that is purely speculative.
 It is beneficial only when its truth are
put into practice as rule of conducts
Every person is expected to be decent and
trustworthy. And since moral integrity is the
true measure of man’s greatness(as attested
or provided by people), some philosophers
regard as the only necessary knowledge. it is
true, unless they are also morally upright,
(pantukoy) the rich, the famous and the
powerful live vainly. On the other hand, the
poor and ignorant who is god-fearing,
patriotic, diligent, honest, helpful of others,
self-respecting and protective of his family is
truly a great peson-dakila ( Emilio Aguinaldo
in katilla ng Katipunan)
Morality is not only necessary to a person
but also to society. Belthrand Russell said
that “ without civic morality, communities
perish; without personal morality their
survival has no value”. Society crumbles
when people don’t accept the rule of law.
Why do we have to accept the law?
To have peace and security and political
stability (since economic growth and political
stability is connected, we can say that to
achieve a better economy; a low and stable
inflation and low unemployment rate, we
have to be morally upright. Additionaly, to
protect people's rights and fundamental
freedoms.
ETHICS AND FILIPINO
Filipinos believe in moral integrity is
essential to life and just society. However,
moral norms are easily ignored for personal
interest. For example, the recent cheating in
the board exams of nurses, as well as the
many more similar instances.
People want to live in ideal society, which
means higher salaries and low prices. Then,
we should think more of moral standards as
our priority.
ETHICS AND RELIGION
Ethics and religion are both concerned with
moral education, but they differ from each
other. Ethics is a science and relies on
reasons for its conclusion, which means it is
thoroughly investigated and they have
rational reason why those things happen. On
the other hand, religion is the system of
beliefs and practices based on faith and
revelation, or truths revealed to a man by
God.
Ethics is connected to religion. It teaches the
value of religion, presenting it as a duty or
obligation of man towards supreme being.
On the other hand, religion contributes to
the development of ethical thought.
ETHICAL NORMS AND LAW
Norms is what expected and accepted
within a group or community.
The law of society sometimes legalizes
immoral acts, like gambling, abortion, and
divorce. Hence, what is legal is not necessary
moral. Also, human law is just for external
actions, but not the thoughts and feelings.
Thinking of robbing a bank is not a crime
until it is attempted.

Ethical norms, however, cover the thoughts

and feelings