DR. S & S. S.

GHANDHY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECH., SURAT

NAME : GIRAHE MAYUR

SANTOSHBHAI
EN.NO.: 196120306528 Topic :
BRANCH : CIVIL -B2 DISINFECTION
SUBJECT : WS&SE
GUIDED BY : TEJAL PATEL
 Disinfection

• Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or

killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms
are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of
growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not
removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will
cause people to fall ill.
 Why Disinfection is required

• Water-borne infections can spread when animal or human

feces containing these pathogens get into drinking water.
These pathogens may include bacteria, viruses or parasites
(e.g., Campylobacter, Salmonella, Giardia and
Cryptosporidium). Disinfection kills or removes
pathogens from drinking water, reducing health risks.

•
Methods of disinfection

Physical Method
• Boiling process
• Ultraviolet ray treatment
•
Chemical Method
• Chlorination
• Ozonisation
•
•
 Physical method
Boiling process
Simple mathod to disinfectant water is boiling water. But this mathod is more costly and difficult
at large scale.

UV rays treatment
Ultraviolet rays are invisible rays of light with a wavelength of 1000 to 3000 mu. The sun’s rays
also contain ultraviolet rays that can be used for disinfection. Passing an electric current from a
mercury vapor kept in a quartz bulb in a laboratory produces uv rays. The water that is to be
disinfected is passed over this bulb.
This method is effective for clean water. Only up to 30 cm depth of water can u-y rays penetrate
effectively. That is why it is used in small installations e.g. Made only for swimming pools. It is
also used for disinfection of water used for surgical purposes in hospitals.
 Chemical Method

Chlorination
Chlorination is a generally accepted and widely used method of disinfection. This
method uses chlorine or its various compounds of chlorine to kill the insects in the
water.
• Gaseous chlorine
• Liquid form of chlorine
• Chlorine in form of bleaching powder
• Di- oxide form of chlorine
• Chloramine form of Clorine
 Chlorine Dosage
The amount of chlorine needed to disinfect water depends on the amount and type of bacterial
impurities in it. Different samples of the same size of water are taken experimentally to
determine the amount of chlorination in which different amounts of chlorine are added. Then
after 10 to 20 minutes of contact period its residual quantity is obtained. From all these
observations the minimum amount of chlorine with a residue of 0.05 to 0.02 mg / lit is called the
amount of chlorine required for chlorination.

Required quantity of chlorine = water sample in lit. x qty. Of chlorine in

ppm
1000000
Types of the chlorination process

• Plain Chlorination
• Pre – Chlorination
• Post – Chlorination
• Free Residual or Break – Point chlorination
• Super Chlorination
• De – Chlorination
• Double Chlorination
 Ozonisation
Ozone is an excellent disinfectant. The effectiveness of ozone in disinfecting
water is due to its oxidizing power. Ozone is a temporary isotope of oxygen. In
which there are three atoms of oxygen. It is denoted by the noun ‘O2' When
ozone is converted into stationary particles i.e. its oxygen becomes 0, it produces
underdeveloped oxygen (Nascent Oxygen, O).

Undeveloped oxygen reduces the presence of organic matter present in the water,
without producing an offensive taste or odor. A dose of 2 to 3 mg / it of ozone
0.1mg / residue after 10 minutes. Ozonization is a natural way of disinfection.

O3 - 02 + 0 ( undeveloped)