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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

“Without leaps of imagination or dreaming, we lose the excitement of possibilities. Dreaming

after all is a form of planning”.

Plan is a written document that gives an idea structure, which most people frequently

overlook. However, there is not any great use in carrying out the plan if there is not that vision to get

it started. Planning is a very crucial part in starting a project- that is the truth and if the plan fails, the

project fails. Gloria Steinem, a trailblazing feminist, is aware that the dream comes before strategy.

Any plan must begin with that action.

“It is bigness that should be our goal. We must attempt, rather, to bring people back the

warmth of community, to the worth of individual effort and responsibility and individuals working

together as a community, to better their lives and children’s future.”- Robert F. Kennedy

Recently, President Ramon Magsaysay State University- Iba Campus (PRMSU) as an

institution with its College of Engineering department conducted a community extension program

wherein it includes visiting Sitio Dampay, Salaza in Palauig, Zambales and conducting needs

assessment for the university’s adopted community. Researchers being able to have been there -

students of the Civil Engineering department summarizes the priority needs of the community. Upon

interview with those indigenous people living in the area, researchers were tasked to create and

develop master plans and designs for a water supply system- a small water-impounding project.

Therefore, before we go beyond further, let researchers define the word “Master planning

and designing”. According to Sahin M. et. al., Planning refers to the process of deciding what to do

and how to do it. Good planning requires a process that clearly defines the steps leading to the most

appropriate solutions. It is also a long-term plan for developing or improving your property or structure

that balances and harmonizes all parts. It is mostly carried out at the start of the project to assist you

identify and unify the vision of the area.

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Water Supply System Planning

Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations,

community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Public water supply

systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems are what supply drinking water

to populations around the globe. In planning- aspects of service quality include continuity of supply,

water quality and water pressure. The institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged

differently in different countries and regions (urban versus rural). It usually includes issues

surrounding policy and regulation, service provision and standardization.

Design Plan Procedure

In designing the water supply system plan, several data were gathered. First to solve for the total

flow (Q), which requires the total land area (m^2), rainfall intensity (i), and the coefficient of run-off

(c). The computed value of the total flow will then use to design the size of the water supply system.

Therefore, the resulting dimension of the water supply system shall be known. In solving the cross-

section, the researchers used Manning's Formula [q = A *(1/n) *R^ (2/3)* S^ (1/2)] where n = 0.015

(for concrete), s = 0.003 (as specified), and R = D/2 (for rectangular section). After the calculations,

the researchers will identify the most effective section to be apply in the design of the water

impounding system. With the designed water supply system, the water supply problem in the Sitio

Dampay, Salaza- Palauig, Zambales shall be resolved.

Water-impounding supply system Maintenance

Maintenance calls require periodic or almost immediate correction for unfavorable or

unacceptable situations. Essentially, it involves restoring facilities to their condition before

construction and reconstruction. Unmaintained system can cause contamination of water that leads

to deteriorate pipes, decreasing water quality and posing health risks.

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This study sought to determine the process of planning and designing of the water supply

system- small impounding project in Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig, Zambales. It aims to answer the

questions:

(1) What is the current situation in Sitio Dampay?

(2) Is it necessary to re-design and reconstruct the water source in Sitio Dampay?

(3) What will be the benefit of this small impounding project in the area?

(4) What are the factors that needs to consider?

(5) How will you plan and design the water supply system particularly the small water-

impounding project in Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig, Zambales?

(6) Considering the study's results, what recommendations can be made?

The project started October 2022 first by gathering data from the indigenous people living

in the area, conducted ocular observation, and site visitation.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this capstone project is to plan and design a water supply system-

small water-impounding project in Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig, Zambales.

Specifically, this project will address the following:

(1) Visit and conduct topographic survey in Sitio Dampay and gather about the amount of rainfall

from PAGASA in the past five years

(2) Propose the water-impounding layout plan using AutoCAD

(3) Compute water discharge rate based on rainfall data of PAGASA using Manning's Formula

(4) Design a proposal water supply system including the plans for tubes to be used for long term

and maximum assurance.

(5) Plot the central water source and secondary tanks using Google Earth Pro

(6) Draw the sections of main water source- water impound system
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(7) Compute for the cost estimates for the construction of the small water-impounding project in

Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales.

1.3 Assumptions of the Study

The following are the various hypotheses that the researchers considered during the study:

(1) The Sitio Dampay-Salaza Palauig Zambales already has an existing water supply

system;

(2) Dampay people are experiencing slow and dirty water coming from their existing water

supply system- there is a need to locate another water source and thus needs to create

new water supply system specifically a water-impounding project.

(3) There is a possible health risk for unfiltered water coming from the main water source.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will be helpful to the following parties:

Residents of Sitio Dampay, Salaza, Palauig, Zambales. Once this project is done, the

problem with potable water in the area will decrease thus spring water will be used for the folk’s daily

living.

Researchers. This study will enable researchers to apply and use knowledge gained in civil

engineering research. In doing so, researchers can also solve one of the university's most significant

problems and alleviate the inconvenience caused by the problem.

Future Researchers. Other researchers can browse and refer to studies relevant to their field

or subject to learn new ideas and gather facts and information for their research. Researchers who

will identify further areas of study as will be outlined in this research and hence lead to an increase

in the body of knowledge.

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1.5 Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on the development of the water supply system by using a small water

impounding project- unlike other water impounding projects, this will not only focus on collecting rain

drops but through collecting spring water. Water storage design and pipe sizes will also be discussed

and used for a more reliable system that can be put up in Sitio Dampay, Salaza Palauig, Zambales.
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2 REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Foreign Literature

A. Water Impounding System

The interconnected lakes were employed as the impounded reservoirs and water

channels, including Hongze Lake (HZL), Gaoyou Lake (GYL), Luoma Lake (LML), Nansi Lake

(NSL), and Dongping Lake (DPL). The first phase of the project was finished at the end of 2013,

and as a result, water from the Yangtze River was used to impound the five lakes, gradually raising

their water levels.Chen et al. (2018)

To meet the needs of an oil and gas processing facility for both potable and non-potable

water, the chapter specifies the water resources and offers recommendations for the preliminary

design and engineering of central water supply systems (intake facilities plus distribution network).

It also outlines the specifications for potable and non-potable (irrigation) water quality, as well as

design standards for designing and sizing residential water intake structures, distribution networks,

service reservoirs (including high-level tanks), and pumping stations in ways that are both technically

and financially feasible. The type of labor involved in water collection, purification, transmission, and

distribution is frequently determined by the water source. Surface water, groundwater, and seawater

are typical sources of fresh water and its development (desalinated or distilled). Alireza Bahadori

(2016)

With a water surface area of 1080 km2, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) on the Yangtze

River is the largest hydropower project in the world to date and has a substantial storage and flood

control capability (Gao et al., 2017a; Lin et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2012; Shen et al., 2014). After the

TGR was impounded, the water level fluctuated between 145 and 175 meters, which altered the

reservoir's hydrological status (Tang et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2015). The water level has fluctuated

since 2008 between the low level of 145 meters above sea level during the water drawdown season

(May to
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September) and the high level of 175 meters during the water impoundment period (October to

April) (Wu et al., 2016; Ye et al., 2019). According to numerous additional studies, this water level

fluctuation significantly affects the distribution, migration, and conversion behavior of pollutants and

disrupts the natural transport balance of sediments from upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (Bing

et al., 2019; Qi et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2016). Zheng et al. (2019)

In recent years, research efforts in various parts of the world have given strategies for storing

water in dry areas more attention. Using dams to stop groundwater from flowing and storing it below

the surface is one way to store water. We will talk about two different kinds of groundwater dams: (1)

subsurface dams built below ground that stop aquifer flow, and (2) sand-storage dams that store

water in sediments built up by the dam itself. The ideal physical conditions for groundwater dams are

outlined, together with the organizational and financial storage variables that influence their users.

The design and construction of the two types of dams, as well as methods for planning and

investigating, are described. Then instances of both historic and contemporary groundwater dams

from Europe, Africa (Kenya, Tanzania), Asia (India), and America are provided. Nilsson (2012)

B. Design Of Water Impound System

The Rippl mass diagram method is the most used approach for estimating the yield of an

impounding reservoir. Essentially the approach finds the necessary reservoir capacity to fulfill a

certain draft rate as the difference between accumulative draft and accumulative inflow for a crucial

period. Finding the crucial period that results in the maximum reservoir capacity for a given draft rate

allows one to calculate the required reservoir capacity for a specific mass curve of flow at a specific

gaging station. It also establishes the critical period's length or duration. Terstriep (2023)

The unified data on low-flow duration and frequency used in this analysis, which is described

in the section before, allowed for the development of a method that is somewhat similar to that first

employed by Hazen, in which storage volume requirements, expressed in percent of average annual
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discharge, are related to draft rate in percent of average flow rate. In general, the method entails

calculating the amounts of water that will be removed from storage at different draft rates for different

duration periods for set low-flow frequencies. One duration value will prove to result in the greatest

withdrawal from storage for each low-flow frequency and draft rate combination. The storage needed

and the draft rate for each low-flow frequency can then be shown separately on a graph using these

maxima. The relationship between draft rate, storage capacity, low-flow frequency, and duration of

recession in the reservoir may also be established using the critical values of duration. W. J. Roberts

(2012)

C. Designing

In order to expand the system's capacity to satisfy customer demands, WDS designs

frequently include traditional intervention options (new pipes, pipe duplication, replacement, or

refurbishment, the installation of pumps and/or tanks, etc.). Recent research has focused on water

demand management (DM) strategies that boost local water supply and/or lower local water demand

at the home (or group of houses) level. Innocent Basupi (2013)

Software such as Epanet or Water cad is frequently used to design the water supply

distribution system for a specific community. In order to satisfy the design criteria, the market's pipe

sizes are chosen and assigned using a trial-and-error procedure. This approach produces an optimal

pipe size but is quite time-consuming and laborious. Additionally, it is impossible to get an affordable

pipe size that still meets the design requirements (constraints). Gezahegn Hailemariam (2018)

Estimating predicted water needs that are appropriate for the size of the pumping equipment,

transmission and distribution pipelines, and storage facilities is necessary for the design of water

systems. The number of the people to be served, their lifestyle and activities, the cost of the water

provided, the accessibility of wastewater service, and the purpose of the demand all play a role in

estimating the town's water needs. It changes depending on what the domestic population,
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institutions, businesses, and other organizations need, among other factors. Demand allowances for

leakage, waste, and operational requirements such as main flushing must be included on top of this.

Temesgen Mekuriaw (2018)

D. Water Supply System

The rural population of the Mekong Delta is around half without year-round access to potable

water. A substantial risk of infections is created when inadequate hygiene and poor sanitation are

combined. Microcredit programs are a well-liked component of international policy solutions to these

issues. The current study, which is mostly based on semi-structured interviews in rural communes of

Can Tho City, analyzes the paradoxical outcomes of such a microcredit program for rural water

supply and sanitation in the setting of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Nadine Reis & Peter Mollinga.

(2012)

The majority of RWH systems in Canada are used for residential use in rural locations

without access to centralized public water delivery systems. The majority of urban examples concern

structures that have received certification under one of the green building rating systems, which took

runoff and rainwater reuse into account. Since 2010, the National Plumbing Code has been in place,

which authorizes the use of rainwater for toilet and urinal flushing, as well as subsurface irrigation. In

addition, depending on the degree of treatment, it allows the use of rainwater both inside and outside.

In Queensland, RWH is mandated for new construction. Numerous towns in Ontario acknowledge

RWH as a crucial instrument for addressing issues related to the management of water resources.

Through

For the extraction, purification, storing, and distribution of water, there is a sophisticated

infrastructure known as a water supply system. Water utilities, which can be a public or privately held

company, build, operate, and maintain a water supply system. The water is often drawn from a variety

of sources (such as groundwater and surface water), treated to an acceptable level, and then
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provided to users in a timely manner, continuously, and at the necessary pressure. Water can be

moved by gravity,

pumping, or a mix of the two depending on the water source and terrain of the system. Shahnawaz

Khan (2019) stormwater and green construction laws, the City of Toronto and the Regional

Municipality of Waterloo have actively promoted the technology. Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Nikolaos

V. Paranychianakis, Andreas N. Angelakis (2020).

Runoff inflows during storm events displace some or all of the volume of the current basin

and are stored and treated at the facility until the next storm event. Solids settling, wetland plant

absorption, and microbial degradation are the pollution removal processes. Pollutant removal

performance, particularly for the dissolved fraction, can be great when the wet basin is of an

appropriate size. Wet basins also aid in protecting the receiving channel from erosion by reducing

peak flows during more intense storm occurrences. Wet basins provide a great potential for

imaginative pond structure and landscape design and are frequently seen as a positive aesthetic

component in a community. It is advised that a seasoned wetland designer participate. The

contributing watershed for these facilities is frequently unable to provide a sufficient water supply to

sustain the permanent pool, especially during the summer months, which is a big potential

disadvantage for wet ponds in arid areas. Birkhoff, Hendricks & Carter, L.L.P. (2017)

Floods are normal seasonal occurrences that have a significant environmental impact, but

they can cause a variety of losses when they happen in constructed areas. Urban expansion is

another major factor contributing to the escalation of urban flooding. Increased impervious rates, the

loss of vegetation, and changes in land use can result in higher run-off volumes flowing more quickly.

Although intense urbanization is a relatively recent phenomenon, drainage issues and worries about

floods have always been linked to the growth of cities. Drainage systems are an essential component

of a city's infrastructure and play a major role in urban living. Cities are vulnerable to flooding,

potential environmental damage, hygienic and health issues, and disruption of city services if the
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drainage system fails. On the other hand, urban rivers have been thought of as significant water

supplies, potential fortifications for metropolitan

areas, modes of transportation for products, and ways to transfer garbage at various points in the

history of city development. Muhammad Salik Javaid. (2012)

2.2 Local Literature

A. Water Impounding System

A variant of SSIP known as a small water impounding project, or SWIP, gathers rainwater

and runoff to irrigate 25 to 150 acres of farmland. It features an earth dam structure that is constructed

across small valleys or depressions and ranges in height from 5 to 15 meters (Philippine National

Standard, 2017). Around Php 250,000 is the typical investment per hectare. In addition to being used

for irrigation, SWIP promotes groundwater recharge, reduces soil erosion and siltation, and prevents

flooding. Rossana et al. (2020)

The construction of small reservoirs requires a relatively small amount of capital compared

to much larger national projects, and they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes,

which is why small irrigation projects like the Small Water Impounding Projects are attracting more

attention today. Projects of this kind are typically built-in places where there are no large national

irrigation systems and where there is the potential to create upland watersheds by using small water

impoundments as a cost-effective source of water to irrigate small farm systems with both upland

and lowland crop plantings. Salguero (2020)

To rectify the uneven distribution of rainfall, small water impounding projects (SWIPs) collect

and store surface runoff and direct precipitation for later use. An earth embankment, spillway, outlet

works, and canal facilities are all components of SWIPs that function as rainwater harvesting and

storage structures. They are typically found in sporadic creeks or waterways with the potential for

household, agricultural, and fisheries purposes as well as irrigation. Contreras et al. (2013)
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The SWIP is a building that is built across a small depression or valley to retain water and

create a reservoir that will collect and store runoff and precipitation during the rainy season for use

now or in the future. Small water impounding projects were defined as earthen dams with structural

heights of no more than 30 meters and volume storage no greater than 50 million cubic meters by

the Small Water Impounding Management Committee (SWIM), which was formerly led by the

Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Cudis (2022)

B. Storage Design for Water Impounding

Plain gravel shall be utilized to cover the upstream face of the dam to ensure a well-protected

reservoir. The upstream face of a reservoir that is not protected must be shielded by rock. Only

exceptional circumstances should call for concrete pavement. Water from the upstream face must

not flow freely. The embankment must have a 95% proctor density and be compacted in layers of 20

cm. Concrete sections along outlets, conduits, and junctions must be tightly compressed. No specific

slope treatment is required for zonal dams whose downstream outer shell is made up of rocks or

pebbles. To offer a sufficient margin of safety, the foundation shear stress must be lower than the

shear strength. Quicksand or silty foundation should not be used. The seepage line must be

completely inside the dam's downstream face. A rock toe drain must be installed on the dam's

downstream face which height is determined by the water's height at the regular water level. The

height of the rock toe is typically 1/3 that of the hydraulic head. To stop seepage across the

foundation, a core trench must be created along the dam's axial centerline. The filter must meet the

following conditions to prevent the migration of microscopic particles and to screen off fine materials

that flow with seepage water through the embankment: The graduation must be able to stop soil

particles from getting into the filter and fouling it. The filter's capacity must be sufficient to

accommodate the entire seepage flow. The filter needs to be porous enough to let seepage water

pass through easily to lessen uplift forces. Although more efficient, multi-layer filters should generally
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be avoided due to their high cost. It would be more cost-effective to provide thick layers rather than

process material to precisely satisfy the specifications for a thin filter design if adequate amounts of

filter material were to be made available at a fair price. Aranguren et al. (2017)

C. Significance of having Water Supply System

The main obstacle to providing water during dry spells, when demand is highest and supplies

are at their lowest, is storage. Water is stored by dams, groundwater aquifers, and small-scale water

collection. The biggest investments have been made in dams, particularly in the previous 50 years.

But dams are becoming more and more expensive in terms of money, the environment, and politics.

The environmental impact of engulfing forests and wildlife as well as the loss of land and livelihoods

for people who are flooded out have given birth to organized political opposition as the finest locations

are used up. There has been a resurgence in interest in smaller-scale water harvesting as the

drawbacks of larger-scale storage in reservoirs have become apparent. Water harvesting structures,

even those that are modest, can gather large amounts of water that can be stored above ground or

in soil profiles. Naval (2016)

D. Water Supply System

Lack of current data on groundwater levels contributes to the issue with water delivery. In

the past, groundwater use estimates made using look-up tables have resulted in the cancellation of

water supply licences. By deploying sensors in two significant urban areas, the BGS-led Philippine

Groundwater Outlook (PhiGO) project is testing a data-driven reaction to groundwater levels. Dr.

Andrew Barkwith (2021)

The water system project intends to create a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network

with a sufficient treatment facility, and residential taps in order to offer an uninterrupted supply facility.

Sarwell Meniano and Lizbeth Ann Abella (2022)

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The population of the globe is now expanding quickly. Urban regions in emerging nations

are where this expansion is focused in terms of both magnitude and rapidity. The governments and

citizens of the cities in emerging nations are facing several issues as a result of the fast urbanization

of these places. Lack of access to sufficient water sources is one of the major issues that these cities

face. The attempts of urban poor households in Bacolod City to gain access to an adequate quantity

of clean water are the focus of this thesis. Urban poor families are given special consideration since

they are thought to be the most at risk for not having access to sufficient water sources. Willem-jan

Spreeuwers (2006), retrieved (January 10, 2023)

https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/34/1/05095.pdf

In order to increase resilience and lessen communities' susceptibility to water-related

problems, alternative water resource management practices relating to water supply and sanitation

are now being researched. According to Omarova et al., the provision of rural residents with properly

managed drinking water requires the decentralization of water management, monitoring of both water

supply and water consumption, and a customized strategy to each community. A waterless portable

private toilet, an eco-toilet, and a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) are all part of the integrated

water and sanitation system that Han et al. described (WPPT). The effectiveness of this innovative

integrated system was evaluated, and it was utilized to prevent and control mosquito-borne illnesses

brought on by incorrect water management and sloppy sanitation. With a storage tank and a

transportation method, a transportable RWHS was constructed. While the WPPT features a human

separation mechanism that is fashioned like a box and can be folded for simple travel and installation,

an eco-toilet followed the design given by Hashemi et al. This portable toilet has a coagulant in the

area of the bag where urine is stored, allowing for several uses of the bag. Jonathan Jared Ignacio

et al. (2019)
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2.3 Foreign Studies

A. Water Impounding System

To guarantee pristine drinking water, it is essential to safeguard and maintain water

distribution networks. Distribution systems transport drinking water from a centralized treatment

facility or well supplies to users' taps. These systems are made up of pipes, pumps, valves, storage

tanks, reservoirs, meters, couplings, and other hydraulic accessories. Distribution networks, which

span approximately 1 million miles in the United States, make up the majority of the water supply's

physical infrastructure. As a result, managing these systems presents the most operational and

public health challenges. Distribution networks continue to be a source of contamination that has not

yet been fully addressed, according to recent statistics on outbreaks of waterborne diseases. This

research assesses methods for risk categorization and recent data, and it identifies several

techniques that should be taken into account to lessen the risks caused by incidents when the quality

of the water in distribution systems deteriorates. Backflow incidents through cross-connections, the

possibility of distribution system contamination during building and repair work, upkeep of storage

facilities, and the contribution of premises plumbing to public health concerns are all given special

consideration. The paper also highlights the potential for research and development, analytical

methodologies, and advancements in detection, monitoring, and modeling that can help the water

supply industry further decrease risks related to drinking water distribution systems.

B. Design Of Water Impound System

Systems for distributing water are made up of several related parts. Pipes, storage facilities,

and drinking water-conveying components are among them. Cities, residences, schools, hospitals,

businesses, industries, and other facilities all benefit from water distribution systems that provide fire

prevention. For public water systems to continuously supply all users with pressurized, safe drinking

water, distribution systems are essential. Water is delivered to consumers via distribution system
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mains either from a treatment facility or, in the absence of treatment, directly from a source. In the

US, distribution networks cover approximately a million miles. They make up the lion's share of the

water supply's physical infrastructure. Health concerns from distribution system wear and tear may

come and go.

The function of a water distribution system is to deliver water to all customers of the system

in sufficient quantity for potable drinking water and fire protection purposes, at the appropriate

pressure, with minimal loss, of safe and acceptable quality, and as economically as possible. To

convey water, pumps must provide working pressures, pipes must carry sufficient water, storage

facilities must hold the water, and valves must open and close properly. Indeed, the carrying capacity

of a water distribution system is defined as its ability to supply adequate water quantity and maintain

adequate pressure (Male and Walski, 1991). The appropriate pressure is determined using the

minimum and maximum design pressures offered to consumers under specific demand scenarios.

The Uniform Plumbing Code, for example, states that water pressure at service connections shall

not exceed 80 psi (552 kPa) unless a pressure-reducing valve is provided. The maximum pressure

is frequently between 80 and 100 psi. While the lowest pressure during peak hours is frequently

between 40 and 50 psi (276-345 kPa), the permitted minimum pressure during fire flow is 20 psi (138

kPa).

Water must go through the piping system at the proper pressure and flow rate for the

distribution to be effective. In villages and towns, three different distribution systems might be used:

Gravity Fed Distribution. Such a system can be used for distribution when the ground level

of the water source or storage is sufficiently higher than the central region of the village or town.

There is no need for pumping because the water in the distribution pipeline flows owing to gravity.

Such a system is very efficient and trustworthy.

Pumping System. Such a system relies on constant pumping to supply water. Without any

intermediary storing, treated water is injected straight and at steady pressure into the distribution
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main. Pump malfunctions and power outages may have an impact on supply. Consequently, it is

necessary to maintain both electrical and diesel pumps on standby. Such a system can only function

in situations with a reliable water source, continuous power supply, and no room for an intermediate

storage system.

Dual Combination. In such a system, both gravities as well pumping systems are used. Such

systems are used where there are variations in topography in a town/village. Minimum Residual

Pressure in a distribution system should be 7 m for single storied, 12 m for two-storied and 17 m for

three-storied buildings. Distribution Lines: The lines carrying water from storage to its end use (stand

post/household tap etc.) are called distribution lines. Distribution pipelines consist of a main pipeline

connected from secondary storage; sub-main pipes connected from the main pipeline and

service/branch pipes connected from the sub-main for distribution to households. Generally, Mild

Steel (MS), Galvanized Iron (GI), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)/ Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)

pipes, and Ductile Iron (DI) pipes with 15-200 mm diameter are used in distribution. These lines are

generally underground (1-3 feet below ground). Valves are used to control the distribution. Stand

Post: Stand posts with one or more taps are installed at cluster level or near the storage tank, in the

villages/towns where household tap connection is not available or possible. Stand posts are

constructed of masonry or concrete structures. Stand posts should have a normal output of 12

liters/minute. One stand post is estimated for every 250 persons. In the case of independent

habitation, even if the population is less than 250 and there is no potable water source, once a stand

post is provided. Moreover, stand posts should not be more than 500 m from any such targeted

household. Cattle Trough: These are masonry/RCC structures to provide water to cattle. Bathing or

Washing Cubicles: These masonry structures are generally constructed to facilitate washing clothes

and bathing.

The system must be appropriate for the temperature of the water conveyed in addition to

avoiding contamination and obtaining the proper pressure and flow. A system that has been properly
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built and constructed will also be robust, minimize water flow noise and issues like water hammer,

and enable effective water consumption. To transport water to building occupants, all water supply

systems combine pipes (of varying lengths and materials), valves, and outlets. Pumps and storage

tanks are also utilized by some water supply systems. To ensure that clean water is given to the

customer at the proper rate and temperature, it's important to get all of these components perfect

when designing a water supply system. Level Org. (2019)

C. Storage Design for Water Impounding System

Storage tanks and reservoirs are used to provide storage capacity to meet demand

fluctuations (or reduce peaks), provide reserve supply for fire-fighting use and emergency needs,

stabilize distribution system pressures, increase operational comfort, and provide flexibility in

pumping, provide water in the event of source or pump failures, and blend various water sources. A

storage tank should be placed in the service area just outside the center of demand (AWWA, 1998).

The most common types of tanks and reservoirs are elevated tanks, but in-ground tanks and open

or closed reservoirs are also available. Concrete and steel are typical tank building materials.

D. Water Supply System

It is necessary to conduct reliability studies on the Water Supply System (WSS) to verify that

it will work under unusual operating situations. Typically, the assessment of the WSS's reliability

consists of two aspects: determining the degree of demand unsatisfaction at nodes during unusual

operating conditions and assessing the likelihood of breakdown of its components. Rohit Dattatray

Mangalekar

(2021)

Closed-loop hydrologic cycles are used in urban water delivery systems. According to Irvine,

Chua, and Eikass (2014), producing, distributing, and treating water will need the use of alternate
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water resources and energy. For sustainability plans to be proposed, a thorough understanding of

the underlying workings of urban water delivery systems is required. Zhongwen Xu, Liming Yao,

Xudong Chen (2020).

In many nations across the world, it is still difficult to have access to water supplies in rural

areas. In 2017, 80% of rural residents globally lacked access to basic water services (UNICEF and

UNICEF and WHO, 2019). Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related activities are hampered

by a lack of water services. For instance, rural residents may not frequently clean their drinking water

owing to a lack of water, meaning that the time required to treat water competes with the time required

to gather water (Daniel et al., 2021b). These circumstances then have a deleterious effect on human

health (Hunter et al., 2010). These conditions are anticipated to get worse as a result of climate

change, such as the drying up of water sources and the decline in water quality (Howard et al., 2016).

Trimo et al (2022)

This study assesses for the first time the environmental effects of various water delivery

options in isolated villages across their whole life cycles. Considered as sources of potable water

include groundwater, surface water, 1.5-liter bottles for single use, and 18.9-liter (5-gallon) reusable

containers. A potential technique that could one day be used in distant settlements is the desalination

of saltwater. The study is concentrated on Southeast Asia, where over 119 million rural individuals

(9.6% of the region's rural population) lack basic access to water (WHO UNICEF, 2017). The supply

of water is examined for both the present and potential situations for the future (2030). The knowledge

gathered from this work may be utilized to help the creation of more sustainable water access policies

and initiatives in underdeveloped areas. J. M. Abirella, et al. (2020)

In order to implement a sustainable development plan, it is necessary to build an efficient

sustainable water delivery system that meets both quantity and quality requirements. System

Dynamics,
 20

a powerful tool for system analysis and development, is used to model and simulate the system in

order to create a sustainable water supply system. The research provides a decision-making

framework on which a quantified anticipated resilience model is created to assess the level of

satisfaction with the water supply and, first and foremost, to satisfy sustainability indicator standards.

Water supply systems are built utilizing a system dynamics technique after defining the sustainability

needs, or customer requirements. Through this process, risks to the system, such as demand growth,

pipeline aging, and other occurrences that interrupt delivery, are afterwards shown. To reach the

resilience ratio in the water system, further preventative measures will be taken into consideration.

The efficiency of the suggested strategy is then proved using a case study of the water system in

Shanghai. S. Zhao, J. Liu & X. Liu (2013).

2.4 Local Study

A. Water Supply System

Here, the water management and delivery systems for the City of Santiago were evaluated

in light of Goal 6 of the 17 SDGs. System sustainability was specifically evaluated using variables

including covering service area, population and system facilities, and demand predictions for the

current water management systems. Additionally, by assessing customer satisfaction, the effect of

the existing water management system on the social environment was also ascertained. In addition,

in order to respond to SDG 17, it is essential to mobilize a range of resources from a range of

stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, academia, and citizens, in order

to create effective multi-stakeholder partnerships and collaboration at the global, regional, national,

and local levels. Finally, utilizing these data, improved governance rules were suggested to Santiago

City's local government unit (LGU). Ma. Theresa Alvarez, et al. (2022)
 21

The Manila Water Foundation is another group working to help the Philippines' inhabitants

access dependable water supplies. Numerous projects that are sponsored by the organization assist

in

achieving this objective. The Lingap initiative is focused on delivering a dependable water supply to

schools and other areas, including hospitals and city centers. The initiative began in 2010. A total of

46 schools, city halls, and health clinics received assistance from Lingap in 2019. This translates to

around 149,000 beneficiaries spread among these 46 sites. These kids and staff members have

access to drinking, handwashing, and toothbrushing water from Lingap. The Manila Water

Foundation strives to increase the availability of water in the Philippines via a variety of its activities.

The Philippines has made commendable efforts to enhance its citizens' access to water resources.

Even bigger advancements in the water and sanitation industry are possible with further work. Jacob

E. Lee (2021).

The Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan, which was adopted by the NEDA

Board Committee on Infrastructure last April 6, has such cooperation at its core. It aspires to provide

all Filipinos with access to clean water and sanitary facilities while also making sure that these

facilities can survive calamities and preserve the environment. Chua (2021).

Globally, development professionals are aware of the need of water governance in managing

future water scarcity. Both Kofi Anan of the United Nations and Tadao Chino, a former president of

the Asian Development Bank (ADB), stated that the water problem is a governance catastrophe in

2001 and 2002, respectively. According to an ADB report, if some Asian countries experience a water

crisis in the future, it won't be due to a physical shortage of water but rather to poor or inappropriate

water governance (including management practices, institutional arrangements, and socio-political

conditions), all of which leave a lot to be desired (ADB 2007). According to the literature, the Asia-

Pacific region's individual countries' ability to develop economically and socially would be severely

hampered by a lack of water unless fair and effective water distribution laws and processes are
 22

created (UNESCAP 2000). According to the forecast of Rosegrant et al. (2002), just 10% of all

renewable water will have been used by 2025, the availability of water may not be restricted globally.

Even if statistically, the per capita, only a small amount of the renewable water sources may be used

in the Asia-Pacific area. A. C. Rola, et al. (2015)

 23

2.5 Concept of the Study

Figure 1. A Paradigm Showing the Conceptual Framework of the Study

The figure shows the conceptual framework of the study. The study will use the Analysis-

Design-Development- Implementation- Evaluation (ADDIE) Model.

 24

2.6 Definition of Terms

Catchment It refers to the action of collecting water, especially the collection of

rainfall over a natural drainage area.

Cholera A bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration and

can be spread by water or food contaminated by feces.

Climate change It refers to long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns.

Designing Decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other

object), by making a detailed drawing of it.

Discharge It refers to the flow characteristic of the sewage and storm water in the

system.

Flood Mitigation Reduces the overall risk of structure experiencing flood damage, also

reduces the severity of flood damage when it occurs.

Manning’s Formula It refers to the formula for calculating the channels & pipes running part

full capacities

Master Planning A dynamic long-term planning document that provides a conceptual

layout to guide future growth and development. Master planning is about

making the connection between buildings, social settings, and their

surrounding environments.

Piped Distribution An open-jointed or perforated pipe used in the dispersion of septic tanks

System or other treatment facility effluent into absorption trenches, seepage

trenches, or seepage beds.

Pipes A tube of metal, plastic, or other material used to convey water, gas, oil,

or other fluid substances.

Precipitation It refers to the action or process of precipitating a substance from a

solution
 25

Rainfall It refers to the quantity of rain falling within a given area in a given time

Rainfall intensity It refers to the rates of rainfall on a catchment area. It’s measured in

mm/hr or similar units. The unit mm refers to the coverage depth of water

that falls in the catchment.

Rainwater It refers to a water that has fallen as or been obtained from rain.

Reservoir A place where fluid collects, especially in rock strata or in the body.

Run off It refers to the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from

the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

Small Water An earth fill structure built across a narrow depression or valley to harvest

Impounding System and store rainfall and runoff for immediate and multiple use.

Spring A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges out of the

aquifer and flows onto the top of the Earth's crust to become surface

water. It is a component of the hydrosphere as well as a part of the water

cycle.

Stagnant water It refers to motionless water, not flowing in a stream or current.

System Dynamics An approach to understanding the nonlinear behavior of complex

systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table

functions and time delays.

Water borne disease It refers to a disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most

commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water.

Water Distribution A water distribution system is a part of a water supply network with

System components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant

or wells to consumers to satisfy residential, commercial, industrial and

firefighting requirements.
 26

Water pollution It refers to the contamination of water sources by substances which make

the water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other

activities.

Water Supply System A system for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage and

distribution of water.
 27

3 OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORKS

3.1 Materials

This part of the study shows the materials used to collect data and information. Hardware and

software were included in the list.

3.2 Software

AutoCAD 2022 Used to create precise 2D and 3D drawings and models, as well as electrical diagrams,

construction drawings, and more.

Google Earth A computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite

Pro imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial

photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users to see cities and landscapes

from various angles.

Google Sheets An online spreadsheet app that lets you create and format spreadsheets and work with

other people.

Grammarly An American cloud-based typing assistant. It reviews spelling, grammar, punctuation,

clarity, engagement, and delivery mistakes in English texts, detects plagiarism, and

suggests replacements for the identified errors.

Microsoft Excel It is a spreadsheet program from Microsoft and a component of its Office product group for

business application. Microsoft Excel enables users to format, organize and calculate data

in a spreadsheet.

Microsoft Word A word processing program that allows for the creation of both simple and complex

documents.

SketchUp SketchUp is a suite of subscription products that include SketchUp Pro Desktop, a 3D

modeling computer-aided design (CAD) program for a broad range of drawing and design

applications — including architectural, interior design, industrial and product design,

 28

landscape architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, theater, film and video game

development.

STAAD A comprehensive structural foundation design and analysis software application that

Foundation includes specialized capabilities specific to foundation projects of all types.

STAAD Pro V8i A software that is used for analyzing & designing structures like – buildings, towers, bridges,

industrial, transportation, and utility structures.

3.3 Hardware

Laptop/Computer This hardware is used to gather data via the internet and very useful for collating data

Measuring Tape A flexible tool used for measuring length. It is made up of materials like fiberglass, cloth,

plastic, metal ribbon or strip. So, it is a kind of flexible ruler also known as a tape measure.

It is marked in centimeters and inches.

Rod A long, thin metal or wooden bar. Usually marked with numbers- for inches and meters.

Theodolite A precision instrument used for measuring angles both horizontally and vertically

3.4 Data

This study will have no respondents; the data will be gathered from the Sitio Dampay-

Salaza, Palauig, Zambales’ survey. The study focuses on planning and designing the water supply

system- small water-impounding project in Sitio Dampay making use of the survey and the contour map

data.

This part of the studies shows the site that the researchers visit to gather data and information

to be used in proving the claims of the study being presented.

Core / core.ac.uk A multidisciplinary aggregator of open access research. It allows users to search

more than 66 million open access articles. While most of these link to the full-text
 29

article on the original publisher's site, five million records are hosted directly on

CORE

Google Scholar / A freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of

scholar.google.com scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. The site

was launched on November 20, 2004

Research Gate / A European commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers to

researchgate.net share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators. It was founded in

2008

3.5 Methods

This part presents the method used in gathering and analyzing data, the instrument used, the

location where the study is being conducted, the respondents of the study, and the statistical treatment

used to analyze the results.

Research Method

According to Trochim (2005), research design "provides the glue that holds the research project

together. A design is used to structure the research and show how all the major parts of the research

project work together to address the central research questions." The research design is like a recipe.

Just as a recipe provides a list of ingredients and the instructions for preparing a dish, the research design

provides the components and the plan for successfully carrying out the study. The research design is the

"backbone" of the research protocol.

This study aims to plan and design a water supply system, specifically a small water-impounding

project in Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales. The research approach is Experimental Research

Design. "An experiment is a research process in which one or more variables are manipulated under
 30

conditions that permit the collection of data that show the effects, if any, of such variables in an

unconfused fashion." (Boyd, Westfall, and Stanch). The researchers will conduct or utilize the

topographic survey to gather data and to design the water supply system in Sitio Dampay-Salaza,

Palauig, Zambales.

Research Instruments

The researchers conducted an ocular observation and site visitation in Sitio Dampay, Salaza,

Palauig, Zambales. Geotags and cameras were the most used instruments in the visitation stage. This

will help how long the pipes will be used from the source to the consumers that are the settlers in the

area.

Research Locale

This research study was conducted at Sitio Dampay Salaza, Palauig, Zambales. Sitio Dampay

is located at the city of Palauig, with the range of (9.3 kilometer from the city of palauig.) Sitio Dampay

comprises a river filled with boulders & armor rocks.

Figure 2. Satellite View of Sitio Dampay, Salaza, Palauig, Zambales

 31

Data Gathering Procedure / Research Respondents

No sampling will be used because of the nature of the study. However, the researchers will

interview the tribe leader as well as the indigenous people living in the area as sources of information to

gather necessary data as a guide in designing the proposed water supply system. The study will be

conducted at Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig Zambales. The researchers also picked this locale because

it is the adopted community of PRMSU.

3.6 Procedures for the different phases

Figure 3. Flowchart of Project Implementation Scheme

 32

3.7 Theoretical Framework

The following are the formulas used in designing the water supply system.

Empirical Formulas Designation Source

Q = Peak Discharge,
c = Rational Method Runoff
Q = ciA Coefficient LMNO
i = Rainfall Intensity Engineering,
A = Mini-Dam Area Research, and
Software, Ltd.

Q = Flow Rate of Discharge,

V = Velocity of Flow
A = Cross Sectional Area of
1 2 1 the Mini-Dam Robert Manning
𝑄 =𝐴× × 𝑅3 × 𝑆 2 R = Hydraulic Radius (1889)
𝑛
S = Channel Slope
n = Manning’s Friction Factor
= 0.015

𝑃𝑤𝑤 = Point Load of Wall

Weight
𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑤𝑤 = 𝛿𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ( 3 ) × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ(𝑚) 𝛿𝑐 = Unit Weight of Concrete
𝑚 NSCP 2015
× ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑚) × 𝐿 L = Span Length

𝑘𝑁 𝑊𝑝 = Weight of Parking Load

𝑊𝑝 = 𝐿𝐿 ( 2 ) × 𝐿 NSCP 2015
𝑚 LL = Live Load
L = Span Length

𝑃𝑝 = Point Load from Live

Load
𝑘𝑁 NSCP 2015
𝑊𝑝 ( 𝑚 ) 𝐿(𝑚) 𝑊𝑝 = Weight of Parking Load
𝑃𝑝 = L = Span Length
2

𝑃𝑎 = Axial Capacity of
Concrete
𝑃𝑎 = 0.80(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)(𝐿) 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = Concrete Strength NSCP 2015
L = 1m Length

𝑊𝑠 = Soil Pressure
𝑘𝑁 𝛿𝑠 = Unit weight of soft soil
𝑊𝑠 = 𝛿𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 ( ) × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑚) × 𝐿
𝑚3 clay NSCP 2015
 33

L = 1m length

𝑉𝑠 = Positive Shear
NSCP 2015
𝑉𝑠 = 0.5𝑊𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑚) 𝑊𝑠 = Soil Pressure

0.5𝑊𝑠 𝑑 2 𝑀𝑠 = Positive Moment

𝑀𝑠 = NSCP 2015
3 𝑊𝑠 = Soil Pressure

𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚 𝑑′ = Effective Depth NSCP 2015

𝑑′ =
2

𝑉𝑠 = Positive Shear
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 = Positive Shear at
Critical Level NSCP 2015
𝑉𝑠 𝑑
=
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑1 d = Depth
𝑑′ = Effective Depth

𝑊𝑤 = Water Pressure
𝐾𝑛 𝛿𝑤 = Unit Weight of Water
𝑊𝑤 = 𝛿𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( ) × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑚) × 𝐿 NSCP 2015
𝑀3
L = 1m length

𝑉𝑤 = Negative Shear
NSCP 2015
𝑉𝑤 = 0.5 𝑊𝑤 × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑊𝑤 = Water Pressure

𝑉𝑐 = Shear Strength of Plain

Concrete
𝑉𝑐 = ∅0.17√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑 NSCP 2015
𝑓′𝑐 = Concrete Compressive
Strength

𝜌 = Ratio of Steel
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑀𝑢
𝜌= (1 − √1 − ) Reinforcement NSCP 2015
𝑓𝑦 0.85∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 2

Table 1. Formulas
 34

3.8 Research Procedure

Based on the result of the topographic survey conducted at Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig

Zambales, the data gathered is the basis of the design of the water-impounding system to be proposed.

To begin, the researchers observe and check the location of the water sources. The research aims

to solve the problem with lack of potable and daily use water. The researchers sent a Letter of Request

to the Barangay Chairman of Salaza, Palauig requesting permission to conduct a topographical survey

of the site. The researchers conducted a topographical survey after gaining the approval of the Barangay

Chairman. The researchers used experimentation and observation as data-gathering tools. The

researchers conducted experiments and observed the results of the various surveys, and

experimentation will be noted and used as primary data for the study. The factor that will be used in the

observation is the efficiency and effectiveness of the product of the study.

3.9 Treatment of Data

The data gathered is the basis for designing the water impounding system proposed to Sitio

Dampay- Salaza, Palauig Zambales. The researchers analyzed the gathered data through different

experiments and observations. The result of the analyzed data guides the researchers in designing the

water supply system- small water impounding project system.

 35

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results by phase of study

With the collected data from different sources and after surveying the study area, the

researcher developed a suitable design for the water supply system- small water-impounding project in

Sitio Dampay Salaza, Palauig, Zambales.

4.1.1 Data Gathering

Table 2. Summary of 10-Year Rainfall Data from Iba PAG-ASA

 36

Figure 4. Rainfall Data of August 2012 from Iba PAG-ASA

Figure 5. Run-off Coefficient of different land types, c

 37

Figure 6. Suggested Values of Manning’s Roughness Coefficient, n

CALCULATION OF ELEVATION

ELEVATION OF MAIN ROAD TO SECONDARY WATER SOURCE

DISTAN DISTAN

POINT BS CE FS CE ELEV VERTICAL HOR (R) HOR (L)

1.85 0.59

A 1.83 0.04 0.57 0.04 0 90°00'00" 220°13'40" 139°46'20"

1.81 0.55

3.23 0.48

B 3.19 0.08 0.44 0.08 1.26 90°00'00" 44°15'40" 315°44'20"

3.15 0.4

2.76 0.11

C 2.72 0.08 0.07 0.08 4.01 90°00'00" 62°12'00" 297°48'00"

2.68 0.03

2.93 0.31
D 0.08 0.08 6.66 90°00'00" 242°48'40" 117°11'20"
2.89 0.27
 38

2.85 0.23

3.49 0.12

E 3.45 0.08 0.08 0.08 9.28 90°00'00" 57°45'40" 302°14'20"

3.41 0.04

12.65

Table 3. Elevation of Main Road to Secondary Reservoir

ELEVATION OF SECONDARY WATER SOURCE TO PRIMARY WATER SOURCE

DISTAN DISTAN

POINT BS CE FS CE ELEV VERTICAL HOR (R) HOR (L)

1.34 1.01

1 1.26 0.15 0.93 0.15 12.98 90°00'00" 119°22'00" 240°38'00"

1.19 0.86

1.82 1.22

2 1.79 0.06 1.19 0.06 13.58 90°00'00" 102°54'00" 257°06'00"

1.76 1.16

2.27 0.17

3 2.25 0.05 0.15 0.05 15.68 90°00'00" 173°03'20" 186°56'40"

2.22 0.12

2.92 0.34

4 2.9 0.05 0.33 0.05 18.25 90°00'00" 354°18'20" 5°40'20"

2.87 0.29

5 4.35 0.1 0.28 0.1 22.32 90°00'00" 329°56'20" 30°03'40"

 39

4.3 0.23

4.25 0.18

5.66 0.17

6 5.59 0.14 0.11 0.14 27.8 90°00'00" 151°32'20" 208°27'40"

5.52 0.03

4.63 0.23

7 4.57 0.12 0.17 0.12 32.2 90°00'00" 277°51'20" :82°09'00"

4.51 0.11

2.97 0.34

8 2.94 0.06 0.31 0.06 34.83 90°00'00" 87°50'20" 272°09'40"

2.91 0.28

2.92 1.68

9 2.85 0.15 1.6 0.15 36.08 90°00'00" 209°28'40" 149°43'00"

2.77 1.53

2.04 0.59

10 1.97 0.15 0.52 0.15 37.53 90°00'00" 19°51'20" 335°40'20"

1.89 0.44

1.76 0.48

11 1.7 0.12 0.42 0.12 38.81 90°00'00" 259°21'40" 100°38'20"

1.64 0.36

3.17 1.21

12 3.1 0.14 1.14 0.14 40.77 90°00'00" 138°32'20" 221°27'40"

3.03 1.07
 40

1.91 1.12

13 1.89 0.04 1.1 0.04 41.56 90°00'00" 201°27'40" 158°32'20"

1.87 1.08

3.13 0.97

14 3.1 0.06 0.94 0.06 43.72 90°00'00" 25°38'00" 334°22'00"

3.07 0.91

2.8 0.73

15 2.77 0.05 0.71 0.05 45.78 90°00'00" 5°16'40" 354°43'20"

2.75 0.68

3.64 2.7

16 3.59 0.1 2.75 0.1 46.62 90°00'00" 182°01'40" 177°58'20"

3.54 2.6

1.66 1.19

17 1.63 0.05 1.16 0.05 47.09 90°00'00" 254°04'40" 105°55'20"

1.61 1.14

3.9 0.8

18 3.85 0.1 0.75 0.1 50.19 90°00'00" 284°24'20 284°24'20"

3.8 0.7

2.07 1.03

19 2.01 0.1 0.98 0.1 51.22 90°00'00" 239°27'00" 120°33'00"

1.97 0.93

2.12 0.42
20 0.04 0.04 52.92 90°00'00" 296°45'20" 16°14'40"
2.1 0.4
 41

2.08 0.38

2.28 0.14

21 2.25 0.05 0.12 0.05 55.05 90°00'00" 152°58'00" 27°02'0"

2.23 0.09

4.85 0.34

22 4.8 0.1 0.29 0.1 59.56 90°00'00" 333°53'00" 26°06'40"

4.75 0.24

1.45 0.1

23 1.4 0.1 0.05 0.1 60.91 90°00'00" 160°06'00" 199°54'00"

1.35 0

2.25 0.63

24 2.22 0.02 0.62 0.02 62.51 90°00'00" 336°54'40" 23°05'20"

2.23 0.61

4.68 0.47

25 4.64 0.08 0.43 0.08 66.72 90°00'00" 158°29'20" 201°30'40"

4.6 0.39

3.47 0.77

26 3.45 0.04 0.75 0.04 69.42 90°00'00" 338°33'00" 21°27'00"

3.43 0.73

4.78 2.04

27 4.7 0.18 1.94 0.18 72.18 90°00'00" 146°32'40" 213°27'20

4.6 1.86

28 3.02 0.08 0.73 0.08 74.47 90°00'00" 327°45'00" 32°15'00"

 42

2.98 0.69

2.94 0.65

1.37 0.49

29 1.36 0.02 0.48 0.02 75.35 90°00'00" 65°38'40" 294°21'20"

1.35 0.47

2.19 0.71

30 2.18 0.02 0.7 0.02 76.83 90°00'00" 249°34'20" 110°25'40"

2.17 0.69

2.22 0.95

31 2.21 0.02 0.94 0.02 78.1 90°00'00" 11°45'40" 348°14'40

2.2 0.93

2.11 0.98

32 2.1 0.02 0.97 0.02 79.23 90°00'00" 175°19'00 184°41'00"

2.09 0.96

1.84 0.66

33 1.82 0.04 0.64 0.04 80.41 90°00'00" 130°45'20" 229°15'00"

1.8 0.62

2.06 1.74

34 2.04 0.04 1.72 0.04 80.73 90°00'00" 315°07'00" 43°16"20"

2.02 1.7

1.75 0.67

35 1.74 0.02 0.66 0.02 81.81 90°00'00" 54°29'40" 305°30'20"

1.73 0.65
 43

3.88 0.9

36 3.82 0.08 0.86 0.08 84.77 90°00'00" 236°19'40" 123°40'20"

3.8 0.82

2.34 0.67

37 2.32 0.04 0.65 0.04 86.44 90°00'00" 32°56'40" 327°03'20"

2.3 0.63

2.1 0.91

38 2.09 0.02 0.9 0.02 87.63 90°00'00" 104°34'40 255°25'20"

2.08 0.89

2.29 1.12

39 2.27 0.04 1.1 0.04 88.8 90°00'00" 282°30'40" 77°29'20"

2.25 1.08

1.13 2.21

40 1.11 0.04 2.19 0.04 87.72 90°00'00" 102°58'00" 257°02'00"

1.09 2.17

0.7 2.16
0.08
41 0.66 0.08 2.12 86.26 90°00'00" 79°27'20" 280°32'40"

0.62 2.08

1.85 1.24

42 1.81 0.08 1.24 0.08 86.83 90°00'00" 229°19'40" 130°40'20"

1.77 1.16

1.43 1.68
43 0.03 0.03 86.58 90°00'00" 26°33'00" 332°27'00"
1.41 1.66
 44

1.4 1.65

2.61 0.39

44 2.59 0.03 0.37 0.03 88.8 90°00'00" 202°00'00" 158°00'00"

2.58 0.36

Table 4. Elevation of Secondary Reservoir to Primary

4.1.2 Software Application

Figure 7. Isometric View of the Proposed Water-Impound System

 45

Figure 8. Plan of the Proposed Water-Impound System

Figure 9. Front Elevation of the Proposed Water-Impound System

 46

Figure 10. Right Side Elevation of the Proposed Water-Impound System

Figure 11. Rear Elevation of the Proposed Water-Impound System

 47

Figure 12. Left Side Elevation of the Proposed Water-Impound System

Figure 13. Cross Section of the Proposed Water-Impound System

 48

Figure 14. Longitudinal Section of the Proposed Water-Impound System

Figure 15. Contour Map of Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales

 49

Figure 16. Plotted Contour Map of Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales

Figure 17. 2D Contour Map of Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales

 50

Figure 18. Route of Pipe Lines

4.2 Design Procedure

This part shows and discusses the design process using the gathered data above.

4.2.1 Design Flow Rate of Water in the existing water supply system

To determine the discharge of water, the researchers used the Rational Equation formula:

Q = ciA

Where Q = peak discharge

c = rational method runoff coefficient (see figure 3)

i = rainfall intensity

A = land area covered by the drainage system

𝑄 = 𝐶𝑖𝐴
𝑄 = 0.9 × 2.408680556 × 10−5 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 × 6000
𝑄 = 0.13006875 − 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
 51

Where: 𝐶 = 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑖 = 𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

Using Manning’s Formula

1 2 1
𝑉= × 𝑅3 × 𝑆 2
𝑛
𝑄 =𝐴×𝑉
1 2 1
𝑄 =𝐴× × 𝑅3 × 𝑆 2
𝑛
Assume
𝑏 = 2𝑑

1 𝑑 2 1
0.13006875 = 2𝑑2 × × ( )3 × (0.001)2
0.015 2
𝑑 = 3.82473155
𝑑 = 380𝑚𝑚 + 300𝑚𝑚 (𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙)
𝑑 = 760
Load Calculations and Analysis
A. Dead Load
Weight of Wall

𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑤𝑤 = 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ( ) × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ(𝑚) × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑚) × 1𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑚3
𝑃𝑤𝑤 = 23.6𝑘𝑁 × 0.1 × 1.0 × 1
𝑃𝑤𝑤 = 2.36

B. Live Load
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑝 = 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 ( 2 ) × 1𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑚
𝑊𝑝 = 12 × 1
𝑊𝑝 = 12 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑝 ( 𝑚 ) 𝐿(𝑚)
𝑃𝑝 =
2
 52

12 × 1.0
𝑃𝑝 =
2
𝑃𝑝 = 6
Design Load
Load Combination: 𝑃 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿

𝐷𝐿 = 2.36𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐿 = 6𝑘𝑁
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 12.432
Axial Capacity of Concrete
𝑃𝑎 = 0.80(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)(1𝑚)
𝑃𝑎 = 0.80(20.7 × 1000)(0.1)(1𝑚)
𝑃𝑎 = 1656𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑎 = 0.80(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)(1𝑚)
12.432 < 1656𝑘𝑁 𝑜𝑘!
𝑃 < 𝑃𝑎

Bonding moment
Lateral pressure of Soil Load (m)
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑠 = 𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 ( ) × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑚) × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑚3
𝑊𝑠 = 19.0 × 1.0 × 1
𝑊𝑠 = 19𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑉𝑠 = 0.5𝑊𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑚)
𝑉𝑠 = 0.5 × 19 × 1.0
𝑉𝑠 = 9.5 𝐾𝑛 (𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟)

0.5𝑊𝑑 2
𝑀𝑠 =
3
0.5(19)(1.02 )
𝑀𝑠 =
3
 53

𝑀𝑠 = 3.167 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚 (𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)

𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ =
2
150
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ =
2
𝑑1 = 75 𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑠 𝑑
=
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑑1
𝑉𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑1
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 =
𝑑
9.5 (1000 − 475)
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 =
1000
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 = 8.7875 𝐾𝑛(𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟)

Fluid Load F
𝐾𝑛
𝑊𝑤 = 𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( ) × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑀3
𝑊𝑤 = 9.81 × 1.0 × 1
𝑊𝑤 = 9.81𝐾𝑛/𝑚
𝐾𝑛
𝑊𝑤 = 𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( ) × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑀3
𝑉𝑤 = 0.5 𝑊𝑤 × 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
𝑉𝑤 = 0.5 × 9.81 × 1.0
𝑉𝑤 = 4.905

𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑑) =
2
950
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑑) =
2
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ(𝑑) = 475𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑤 𝑑
=
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑤 𝑑 − 𝑑1
 54

𝑉𝑤(𝑑 − 𝑑1 )
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑤 =
𝑑
4.905(1000 − 75)
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑤 =
1000
𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑤 = 4.537 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟)

Design Load
Load Combination
1.4(𝐷 + 𝑓)
1.2(𝐷 + 𝑓)1.6𝐻
0.9𝐷 + 1.6𝐻
Where
𝐹 = 𝑀𝑤 = −1.635 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 = −2.575 𝐾𝑛
𝐻 = 𝑀𝑠 = 3.167 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
𝐻 = 𝑉𝑢𝑑𝑠 = 4.987𝐾𝑛

𝑎) 1.4(𝐹) = −2.289 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
1.4(𝐷 + 𝐹) = −2.319 𝐾𝑛
𝑏) 1.2𝐹 + 1.6𝐻 = 3.105 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
1.2(𝐷 + 𝑓)1.6𝐻 = 7.0556 𝐾𝑛
𝑐) 1.6𝐻 = 5.067 𝐾𝑛 − 𝑚
0.90 + 16𝐻 = 5.087 𝐾𝑛
Design Values
𝑉𝑢 = 7.0556
𝑀𝑢 = 5.0587

𝑀𝑢 5.087
= = 6.480 > 1 𝑂𝐾!
𝑉𝑢𝑑 0.785
Shear Capacity of Plain Concrete

𝑉𝑐 = ∅0.17√𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑑
 55

𝑉𝑐 = ∅(0.17)√20.7(1000)(475)
𝑉𝑐 = 330.651𝐾𝑛 > 7.0556 𝑂𝐾!
Calculate Steel
d= 475mm
b= 1000mm
f’c= 20.7MPa
fy= 275MPa
Mu= 5.087 kN-m

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑀𝑢
𝜌= (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 0.85∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 2

𝜌 = 0.0043
Check for 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
√𝑓′𝑐
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.25( ) =0.0041
𝑓𝑦

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ( 𝑓𝑦 ) =0.0051 USE!

As= 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(475)
As = 2,422.5 sq.m
Using 12mm RSB
No. of bars
2,422.5
𝑛=
113.1
n = 21 pieces of bars
Spacing of Bars
1000 − (2 × 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)
𝑠=
𝑛−1
1000 − (2 × 0.10)
𝑠= = 49.93 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑦 50𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
21 − 1

1.4
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦
= 0.0051 USE
 56

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(4000)(75)
𝐴𝑠 = 1530

Using 12mm RSB

No. of bars
1530
𝑛=
113.1
𝑛 = 13.53
Say 14pcs. 12mm bars

Spacing
4000 − (2 × 0.10)
𝑆=
14 − 1
𝑆 = 307.68
Say 300mm spacing

1.4
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦
= 0.0051 USE
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(2500)(75)
𝐴𝑠 = 956.25

Using 12mm RSB

No. of bars
153956.25
𝑛=
113.1
𝑛 = 8.45
Say 20pcs. 12mm bars

Spacing
2500 − (2 × 0.10)
𝑆=
10 − 1
𝑆 = 277.76
Say 200mm spacing
 57

4.3 MATERIALS ESTIMATES

SPAN 1-6 SPAN 7-8 SPAN 9
Volume 2.316286575 0.777166667 0.311047763
40 KG bags Cement 28 BAGS 9 BAGS 4 BAGS
Sand 1.158143288 0.388583333 0.155523881
Gravel 2.316286575 0.777166667 0.311047763

FOOTING
Volume 7.2
40 KG bags Cement 86 BAGS
Sand 3.6
Gravel 7.2
Table 5. Material Estimates
COST ESTIMATES
TOTAL QTY UNIT PRICE TOTAL COST
40 KG bags Cement 118 230 P27410
Sand 5.3022505 195 P1033.93884790625
Gravel 10.604501 1300 P13785.8513054167
Ties 2 rolls 35 P70
Formlumber 30 360 P10,800
1/2” Plywood 20 750 P15,000
*Prices are based on the 2023 Price List of Constructph.com
TOTAL
SPAN MAIN BARS UNIT WEIGHT UNIT PRICE
PRICE
7-8 17.5 pcs 12mm
1-7 10.5 pcs 12mm
6-8 10.5 pcs 12mm
TOTAL 38.5 PCS of 12mm 196.35 kg 200 21,000

STIRRUPS
SPAN
1 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
2 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
3 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
4 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
5 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
6 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
7 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
8 0.58333333 pcs 10mm
PCS of
4.66666667 2.87933333333333 kg 160 746.67
10mm
TOTAL
21,746.67
PRICE
*Prices are based on the 2023 Price List of Constructph.com
Table 6. Cost Estimates
 58

EQUIPMENT COST
Equipment Rate/Day Days Total Cost
BACKHOE (Hitachi Daewoo Solar 175LC-5) 5000 5 25000
10-Wheeler Dump truck 2500 10 25000
Concrete Mixer 1400 10 14000
*Prices are based on heavyequipment.ph
Table 7. Equipment Cost

LABOR COST
A. Backfill

Labor/Manpower Rate/Day Amount/Day Total Cost

2 Helper 400 800 4000
B. Compaction

Labor/Manpower Rate/Day Amount/Day Total Cost

2 Helper 400 800 4000
C. Fabrication, Cutting and Dismantling
Manpower Rate/Day Amount/Day Total Cost
3 Skilled Worker (Carpenters, Steelman) 650 1950 5850
3 Helpers 500 1000 3000

D. Concreting and Curing

Manpower Rate/Day Amount/Day Total Cost

1 Foreman 700 700 16,800
2 Mason 650 1300 15,600
6 Laborers/Helpers 500 3000 7200

Table 8. Labor Cost

 59

SUMMARY OF COST

FACTORS COST
40 KG bags Cement P27,410
Sand P1,033.94
Gravel P13,785.85
Ties P70
Formlumber P10,800
1/2” Plywood P15,000
UPVC Pipe (63mm) P47,400
Dump truck P25,000
Concrete Mixer P14,000
Skilled Workers P21,450
Laborers/Helpers P18,200
Foreman P16,800
Earthfill With Compaction P50,000
Structure Excavation P35,000
Backfill with Compaction P50,000
TOTAL P345,949.79
Table 9. Summary of Cost
 60

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

This study was conducted to plan and design a water supply system, specifically a small water

impounding system in Sitio Dampay-Salaza, Palauig, Zambales.

The study used a methodological framework that involved a site survey to obtain topographic data of the

area as well as the elevation of the water source. Next, analyze gathered information such as land area, rainfall

density, flow rate, contour map and others to plan and design the layout of the water supply system- small water

impound project in Sitio Dampay- Salaza, Palauig, Zambales. Lastly, designing this water-impound project will

maximize the production of the spring water in the area as well as maximizing the use of rainwater during the

rainy season.

5.2 Findings

After assessing the vicinity and data gathering, the following findings were obtained:

1. After analyzing the 10-year rainfall data of the area being studied, therefore, rainwater will be helpful in

maintaining this water supply system project.

2. With the result of the land survey conducted, the researchers found out that the elevation of the Dampay

grounds varies.

3. Since the main source of water and the location of the water impound system is higher than those of the

main community- researchers will use the theory for gravity mini dams.

4. Based on the computed discharge, only 40% out of 145 households of Sitio Dampay can be supported

by the proposed water impounding.

 61

5.3 Conclusion

These are the conclusions derived from the findings of the study; gathering and assessing the 10-year

rainfall data of the Palauig Municipality shows that rainwater will be a good source of water for the proposed water

impounding system in the area. Conducting a land survey determines the different elevations of the community

and thus shows where pipes are best installed. Surveying was also utilized to locate all the possible routes/ exit

points.Also, calculating the discharge rate determines how many of the pipes will be installed in the main source/

impounding system.

According to National Irrigation Authority (NIA) -General Guidelines & Criteria for Planning, Design,

Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Reservoir Dams/1st Edition (2019)/jrp- Irrigation, Hydro Power and

Domestic Water Supply Outlet Works shall be designed and constructed primarily for the function to regulate or

release water impounded by the dam in a reservoir for the aforesaid respective purposes. It shall be designed

with capability to release Inflow at regulated or retarded rate, divert Incoming flows into an open channel or

pipeline/closed conduit or release stored water at a rate dictated by demand or downstream need. The same

structure/appurtenance shall also be designed for secondary function as an auxiliary or supplemental outlet for

the release of excess flood flow during emergency situations and diversion of ordinary flood flow during

construction stages or the combinations of the functions and usages.

5.4 Recommendations

Guided by the findings and conclusions obtained from the data analyzed, the following recommendations are

hereby made:

1. DPWH should have requirements for construction of a mini dam/ a water impounding system serves as

water supply system

2. Since the flow rate varies from season to season- it is better to have a water pump than relying on the

spring water and the rainfall.

 62

3. Having many outlets to drain water from the water impound system will make the drawing of collected

water faster and thus it will not be enough to serve 50 families living in Sitio Dampay.
 63

Appendices
 64

Appendix A
Rainfall Data
 65

Appendix Figure 1. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2012

Appendix Figure 2. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2013
 66

Appendix Figure 3. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2014

Appendix Figure 4. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2015
 67

Appendix Figure 5. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2016

Appendix Figure 6. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2017
 68

Appendix Figure 7. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2018

Appendix Figure 8. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2019
 69

Appendix Figure 9. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2020

Appendix Figure 10. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2021
 70

Appendix Figure 11. Summary of Daily Rainfall (in mm.) for the Year 2022
 71

Annex
 72

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Aceron, Acer D.

Address: Liozon, Palauig, Zambales

Contact No.: 09517846062

Email Address: acer09193049138@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: February 16, 2001

Birthplace: PRMMH

Age: 23

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Rodolfo S. Aceron Jr.

Mother’s Name: Gina D. Aceron

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: President Ramon Magsaysay State University

Senior High School: Saint Augustine’s School

Junior High School: Saint Augustine’s School

Elementary: Lucio Abrigo Memorial Learning Center

 73

Name: Alvez, Clarence S.

Address: West Poblacion, Palauig, Zambales

Contact No.: 09155169528

Email Address: csalvez18@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: Oct. 18, 2001

Birthplace: Lipay, Palauig, Zambales

Age: 22

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Jehovah’s Witnesses

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Ernie A. Alvez

Mother’s Name: Editha S. Alvez

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (PRMSU)

Junior High School: Palawig Educational Foundation

Elementary: Lipay Elementary School

 74

Name: Asañas, Elvin L.

Address: Santiago, San Antonio, Zambales

Contact No.: 09469203142

Email Address: elvinasanas@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: July 14, 2001

Birthplace: SMDH

Age: 22

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Aglipayan

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Romeo P. Asañas

Mother’s Name: Myrisia L. Asañas

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: Magsaysay Memorial College of San Narciso, Inc.

Junior High School: Luzon Technical Institute, Inc.

Elementary: San Antonio Central Elementary School

 75

Name: Aquino, Joshua

Address: Santiago, San Antonio, Zambales

Contact No.: 09615308124

Email Address: aquinojoshue24@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: August 24, 1999

Birthplace: San Antonio, Zambales

Age: 24

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name:

Mother’s Name: Aileen Aquino

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: San Miguel National High School

Junior High School: San Miguel National High School

Elementary: San Gregorio Elementary School

 76

Name: Arriesgado, Archie Tabile

Address: Bangantalinga, Iba, Zambales

Contact No.: 09158906865

Email Address: archiearriesgado13@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: Feb. 25, 1996

Birthplace: Iba, Zambales

Age: 27

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Rolando R. Arriesgado

Mother’s Name: Edith T. Arriesgado

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: N/A

Junior High School: RMTU Laboratory High School

Elementary: Bangantalinga Elementary School

 77

Name: Bartolome, Rozen Anthony S.

Address: Inhobol, Masinloc, Zambales

Contact No.: 09633685228

Email Address: bartolomerozenanthony@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: June 19, 1999

Birthplace: Matalvis, Masinloc, Zambales

Age: 24

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Christian

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Rochee Qlfred A. Bartolome

Mother’s Name: Geme S. Bartolome

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: Northern Zambales College

Junior High School: PRMSU

Elementary: Inhobol Elementary School

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Name: Caguiniman, Eugene P.

Address: Lipay Dingin, Iba, Zambales

Contact No.: 09508200368

Email Address: eugenecaguiniman19@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: August 14, 1992

Birthplace: Iba, Zambales

Age: 31

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Eulogio B. Caguiniman

Mother’s Name: Mailen P. Caguiniman

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School:

Junior High School: RMTU Laboratory High School

Elementary: Iba Elementary School

 79

Name: Edrada, Marc Xavier P.

Address: Taltal, Masinloc, Zambales

Contact No.: 09621576852

Email Address: marcxavier23@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: August 19, 1999

Birthplace: Manila

Age: 24

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Jonef Edrada

Mother’s Name: Venus Edrada

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: San Andres School of Masinloc, Inc.

Junior High School: San Andres School of Masinloc, Inc.

Elementary: Taltal Elementary School

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Name: Quines, Fatima E.

Address: Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales

Contact No.: 09054610846

Email Address: quinesfatima538@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthdate: Dec. 07, 1999

Birthplace: Uacon, Candelaria

Age: 24

Gender: Female

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Father’s Name: Primo D. Quines

Mother’s Name: Connie E. Quines

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: PRMSU

Senior High School: Columban College Olongapo City Main Campus

Junior High School: Uacon Integrated School

Elementary: Uacon Elementary School