Naib Nazim.B.Academy, Project

gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡ì kvmbvg‡j Rvnv½xibMi: XvKvi gymwjg kvm‡bi †kl w`b¸‡jv
W. †gv: Ggivb Rvnvb
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BwZnvm ïiæ nq gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡ì kvmbvgj †_‡K| XvKv bMievmxi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì AwffveK ÔbeveÕ wn‡m‡eB AwaK
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XvKvi cZbKvj| Avi †mB avivevwnKZvq Dcwb‡ek hy‡M ‡cŠu‡Q XvKv gvÎ GKwU †Rjvi cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| XvKv
wbqve‡Zi cÖavb kvmK wbhy³ n‡q Av‡mb bv‡qe bvwRg (wWcywU kvmbKZ©v)| gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg (cÖPwjZ A‡_©
beve)gywk©`Kzwj Luv †mLvb †_‡K XvKvq cÖ_g bv‡qe bvwRg wb‡qvM †`b| 1765 wLª.ch©šÍ gywk©`vev‡ì beve ìevi †_‡K
XvKv wbqve‡Zi Rb¨ bv‡qe bvwRg wbhyw³ n‡q Av‡mb †mLvbKvi cÖfvekvjx Avwgi Dgiv| 1764 wLª. bvwRg beve wgi
Kv‡mg Avjx Lv‡bi cZb Ges 1765 wLª. Bswjk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©K †Ìqvwb jvf Kivi m‡½ XvKvi bv‡qe
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miKvi XvKvq GKRb Bs‡iR cÖkvmK wb‡qvM K‡ib| d‡j 1765 wLª÷v‡ãi ci †_‡K Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb miKvi bv‡qe
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†m mKj DËivwaKvixMY †Kv¤úvwbi `vb `wÿYvq wV‡K wQj 1843 wLª. ch©šÍ| GB `yB c‡e©i XvKv bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì ÿgZv I
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MÖv‡m wbgw¾Z n‡”Q|
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†kÖóZ¡ ZLbI eRvq wQj| Avi AvVvi kZ‡Ki wØZxqfv‡M G‡m ißvwb evwY‡Rï AebwZi Kvi‡Y XvKv AvšÍR ©vwZK eëmv
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Zv‡ì XvKvi wcÖq beve bv‡gB kÖ×v-fw³ Ki‡Zb|
XvKvi c~e©K_v: †gvMj ce©hy‡M XvKv wQj GKwU AL¨vZ gd¯^j GjvKv| myjZvwb Avg‡ji bMix †mvbviMvuI‡qi GKwU
BKwjg (_vbv ev †PŠwK) wQj XvKv| M½vi wb¤œ cÖev‡n eywoM½vi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z ivR‰bwZK I †fŠ‡MvwjK †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’v‡b
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wPk&wZ| 1610 wLª. Rvnv½xibMi bv‡g ivRavbx cÖwZôvi Kvj †_‡K 1717 wLª. ch©šÍ wKQz mgq e¨wZµg Qvov (1639-
1658) kw³kvjx myevn`vi‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ XvKv ïay ZrKvjxb fviZe‡l©i bq, AvšÍR©vwZK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kni wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf
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myev`v‡ii g‡a¨ 5Rb wQ‡jb †gvMj hyeivR hv‡ì g‡a¨ kvnRv`v Lyiig, kvnRv`v kvn myRv, kvnRv`v gyn¤§` AvRg,
kvnRv`v AvwRg DwÏb, kvnRv`v diiæLwkqvi|
1717 mv‡j XvKv †gvMj myevn&i ivRavbxi ghv©`v Ges wbRvg‡Zi Aw¯ÍZ¡ nviv‡jI gywk©`vev‡ì GKwU cÖkvmwbK BDwbU
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M‡elYvq †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|2 AvVvi kZ‡Ki evsjv Z_v fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZi GB †gvo cwieZ©‡bi (Turning Point)
mg‡q (1717-1757) XvKv gywk©`vev` wbRvg‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivR‰bwZK Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cwiYZ nq| Avi 1765 mv‡ji ci
†cbkbf~K XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì ivR‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡ wQj bv e‡U, Z‡e XvKvi GB ÿwqòz mg‡q gymwjg cÖavb XvKvi
mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Ð bv‡qe bvwRg ev beve‡ì GKwU f~wgKv wQj| `xN© w`‡bi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì kvmb I
c„ô‡cvlKZvq XvKv mgvwRK I mvs®‹…wZK †ÿ‡Î n‡q D‡V GKwU gymjgvb cÖavb bMix Ges †gvMjvB ms¯‹…wZ‡Z UBU¤^yi
Rbc`| Rvnv½xibM‡ii PKevRvi, †QvUKvUiv, eo KvUiv, jvjev‡Mi †Kjøv, bvbvb gmwR` I feb, Drme,fvlv, Lvevi
`vevi AvRI †mB gymwjg kvm‡bi HwZn¨ enb Ki‡Q|
myevn&`vi ebvg †`Dqv‡bi g‡a¨ `›×: kvmKwenxb XvKv
XvKv myevn& †_‡K XvKv wbqveZ wKsev myevn&`vi †_‡K bv‡qe bvwRg m„wói ce©wU LyeB ˆbivk¨RbK NUbv| G‡Z cÖ_g w`‡K
i‡q‡Q w`jøxi ivRcwievi †_‡K AvMZ XvKvi †gvMj myev`v‡ii `ÿ kvmb eë¯’vi D¾¡j w`K Avi wØZxq ch©v‡q RwoZ
w`jøxi †gvMj ivRbxwZi ÿgZvi Ø‡›Øi AivRK cwiw¯’wZ| A_©vr w`jøxi †gvMj ivRbxwZi cZbhy‡Mi †ik Rvnv½xibMi-
XvKvi kvm‡bi Ici †bwZevPK cÖfve AvQ‡o c‡o|
XvKvi beve ev bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì c~e©mywi n‡jv XvKvi myevn`viMY| 1610 †_‡K 1703 ch©šÍ AvMÖv w`jøx †_‡K †cÖwiZ
myev`viMY XvKvq G‡m cÖ‡`‡ki kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| Zviv †K›`ªxq †gvMj miKv‡ii AbyMZ †_‡K AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi
m‡½ cÖPzi ivR¯^ Av`vq K‡i XvKv †_‡K w`jøxi †KvlvMv‡i cvwV‡q‡Qb| Ggb wK e¨w³MZfv‡eI A‡bK myev`vi eëmv evwYR¨
K‡i m¤ú`kvjx n‡q‡Qb Ges GKmgq w`jøx‡Z wM‡q my‡L †kl Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk XvKvmn myevn& evsjvi
mg„w×, ê‡`wkK AvµgY †_‡K iÿv Ges kvwšÍ k„•Ljv iÿvq kZfvM mdjZvI †`wL‡q‡Qb| Rvnv½xbMi-XvKvi BwZnv‡m G
cÖwµqv kZeQi a‡i P‡j| cÖvq kZeQi ci 1717 mvj †_‡K myev`v‡ii c` nvwi‡q wWcywU kvmbKZ©v XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg
c` m„wó nq| G‡ÿ‡Î w`jøx bq Gevi gywk©`vev` †_‡K bv‡qe bvwRgiv Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi kvmK wn‡m‡e Avm‡Z jvM‡jb|
Zv‡ì wb‡qvMKZv© wQ‡jb gywk©`vev‡ì beve ev bvwRgMY| G‡ÿ‡ÎI gywk©`vev‡ì ivRìev‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb
wb‡qvM n‡q Avm‡Zb Ges cÖPzi A_© XvKv †_‡K gywk©`vev‡ì ivRìev‡ii ivR‡Kv‡l †hvMvb w`‡Zb| myZivs bv‡qe
bvwRg‡ì BwZnvm Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖvmw½Kfv‡e wKfv‡e myev`vi †_‡K bv‡qe-bvwRg m„wó n‡jv Zvi GKwU mswÿß BwZnvm
Rvbv ìKvi |
AvKeibvgvq †gvMj cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v‡ì c`we I `vwqZ¡ D‡jøL¨ Kiv Av‡Q| †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii Avg‡j †gvMj
myevn&i cÖavb‡K wmcvnmvjvi ejv n‡Zv|3 cieZx© m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi Ges kvnRvnv‡bi Avg‡j myevn&i kvmbKZ©v‡K myevn&`viB
ejv n‡q‡Q| AvIi½‡R‡ei Avgj †_‡K bvwRg c`weB AwaK eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j mgmvgwqK eY©bvq D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|4
Avi myevn&‡K ejv n‡q‡Q wbRvgZ| GB Avg‡j Av‡iv GKwU êwkó¨ n‡jv bvwR‡gi cvkvcvwk cÖ‡`‡k ¯^Zš¿ GKwU A_©
mwP‡ei c` m„wó Kiv nq| GwU wQj cÖv‡`wkK †`Dqvb| †`Dqvb‡K mivmwi m¤ªvU KZ…©K †K›`ª †_‡K wb‡qvM †`qv n‡Zv| wZwb
cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx‡Z †`Dqvwb ¯’vcbv cwiPvjbv Ki‡jI mivmwi †K‡›`ªi m¤ªv‡Ui wbKU Revw`wn Ki‡Zb| XvKvq wb‡qvMcÖvß
Giƒc cÖ_g †`Dqvb ev A_© mwPe wQ‡jb KiZje Lvb| wZwbB cieZx©Kv‡j gywk©`Kzwj Lvb Dcvwa cÖvß nb Ges gywk©`vev‡`
bevwe kvm‡bi †MvovcËb K‡ib|5
†gvMj myev`vi‡ì g‡a¨ †kl w`‡K `yÕRb myevn`vi XvKvq bv G‡m AvwRgvev`,(myevn`vi AvwRg DwÏ‡bi bvgvbymv‡i
AvR‡Ki cvUbv),KLbI ivRgn‡j ( wKQzw`b AvKeibMi bv‡gI AwfwnZ wQj, m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii bvgvbymv‡i) Ae¯’vb K‡i
myevevsjvi kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡ib| g~jZ 1703 mv‡j myevn`vi kvnRv`v AvwRg DwÏb (wZwb AvwRgymkvb bv‡gI
cwiwPZ) Zuvi †`Dqvb gywk©`Kzwji m‡½ we‡iv‡a Rwo‡q c‡o XvKv Z¨vM K‡i cvUbvq P‡j hvb Ges myev`vwii Kvh©µg †mLvb
†_‡KB cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GKB m‡½ gywk©`Kzwj GKeQi c~‡e©B 1702 mv‡j Zuvi †`Dqvwb ms¯’vcbv fvwMi_xi Zx‡i
gvKmy`vev‡` ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib Ges wbR bv‡g bZzb bvg †`b gywk©`vev`| Df‡qi ivRavbx Rvnv½xibMi-XvKv Z¨v‡Mi ci †_‡K
XvKv cÖkvmK wenxb n‡q c‡o| XvKvi myevn&`v‡ii m‡½ †`Dqv‡bi we‡ivawU wQj †hgb Amg, †Zgwb wQj cÖkvmwbK A`ÿZv
Avi `ybx©wZi cÖkœ| Amg GB R‡b¨ †h myev`vi n‡jb cÖ‡`‡ki cÖavb kvmK| Avi GB myevn&`vi wQ‡jb G‡Kev‡i †gvMj
ivRcwiev‡ii m`m¨| A_©vr m¤ªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei †cŠÎ Ges ev`kvn AvIi½‡Re KZ…©K ivRìev‡ii m`m¨ †_‡K
wb‡qvMcÖvß| G w`‡K XvKvq wbhy³ A_©wefv‡Mi Avgjv A_©mwPe wQ‡jb wØZxq ch©v‡qi GKRb Kg©KZv©| wKš‘ c~‡e©B ejv
n‡q‡Q, GB †gvMj AgvZ¨ AvIi½‡Re KZ…©K mivmwi wb‡qvMcÖwß n‡q XvKvq Av‡mb Ges XvKvi myev`v‡i Kv‡Q bq, mivmwi
†K›`ªxq †gvMj cÖkvm‡bi wbKU wQ‡jb `vqe×| we‡iv‡ai DrcwË †mLvb †_‡KB| XvKv wQj eëmv evwY‡Rï ¯^M©bMix| GB
my‡hvM †gvMj hyeivR nvZQvov Ki‡Z Pvqwb| A_©‡jvfx myevn&`vi hLb A‰eafv‡e eëmv mI`v B Lvm G wjß n‡q c‡ob,
ZLb Zvi evauv n‡q ùvovq GB †`Dqvb| †`Dqvb GKw`‡K †hgb wQ‡jb mr I `ÿ-†KŠkjx Aciw`‡K m¤ªv‡Ui wcÖqfvRb|
d‡j XvKvi ivRbxwZ‡Z ïiæ nq ,kvnRv`vi m‡½ †`Dqv‡bi ØÜ¦| †`Dqv‡bi Kvh©vjq †cv¯Ívq Avi myev`v‡ii Kvh©vjq
jvjev‡Mi kvwn `y‡M© (XvKvi mv‡eK †K›`ªxq KvivMvi)| XvKvi G Ø‡›×i Lei †cŠ‡Q hvq †m mg‡q `wÿY fvi‡Z Ae¯’vbiZ
AvIi½‡R‡ei wbKU| m¤ªvU hyeiv‡Ri `vwqZ¡nxbZvi AvPi‡Y fxlY ÿzä nb Ges digvb Rvwi K‡i Zv‡K `ªæZ XvKv Z¨v‡Mi
Av‡`k †`b| myev`vi AvwRg DwÏbB XvKvi †kl bvwRg ev myev`vi| wZwb 1703 wLª. XvKv †_‡K cvUbvq myev`v‡ii ms¯’vcbv
¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| Zvi Av‡MB †`Dqvb †cv¯Ívi Kvh©vjq ¸wU‡q eywoM½v Avi a‡jkîx w`‡q XvKv Z¨vM K‡i fvwMi_xi c_
a‡ib| †mB †_‡K XvKv n‡q c‡o kvmKwenxb GKwU bMix| XvKvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m GB we‡qvMvšÍ NUbv N‡UwQj hLb
w`jøxi g`b‡` Avmxb ev`kvn AvIi½‡Re| GB NUbvewj XvKvi BwZnv‡m `xN© GK Kv‡jv Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| G cÖm‡½ W.
Avãyj Kwi‡gi ch©‡eÿYwU Giƒc;
The immediate effects of the quarrel were the transfer of the diwam secretariat by
Murshid Quli Khan from Dacca to Murshidabad in 1702 and the Emperor Aurangzib’s
order to Nazim prince Azim al-Din to leave Dacca and to station himself in Bihar. The
prince shifted his residence to Patna in1703. These events mark a turning point in the sub
sequent history of Dacca. It lost its status as a capital of the Bengal subah never to regain
it in the Mughal period.6
†gvMj ivRbxwZi ÿgZv Ø‡›Øi wkKvi n‡q Rvnv½xibMi ev XvKv e„nr evsjvmn Dwol¨v I wenvi myevn&i gZ c~e© fvi‡Zi
ivRavbxi ghv©`v nvwi‡q †d‡j| bev‡ei ivRavbx gywk©`vev‡ì Aaxb GKwU DccÖ‡`k n‡q †h ÔXvKv wbqveZÕ cÖwZôv nq Ges
Gi myev`v‡ii (Governor) cwie‡Z© DckvmK wn‡m‡e bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì (Deputy Governor) kvmb ïiæ nq| †m
†_‡KB wb¤œM½vi Xvj eywoM½vi Zx‡i cÖv‡P¨ †fwbm bv‡g L¨vZ XvKvi AebwZi BwZnvm RwoZ| Kx ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv I
†KŠk‡j µgvš^‡q XvKvi AebwZ NUj -†m BwZnvm mvg‡b ewY©Z n‡”Q| H NUbvi ci 1703 †_‡K 1716 wLª. ch©šÍ myevn&
evsjvi myevn&`v‡ii (GB mgq myevn`vi bvwRg bv‡gI AwfwnZ) cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg wenv‡ii M½v Zx‡ii cvUbv †_‡K, Avi
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cwieZ©b Av‡m| †m `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q †`Dqvb gywk©`Kzwj Lvb ¯^vaxb bevwe kvmb cÖwZôv K‡i †d‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g
XvKvq bv‡qe bvwRg c` m„wó K‡ib Ges 1717 wLª. GKRb bv‡qe bvwRg wb‡qvM w`‡q Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi kvwn `y‡M©i
Kvh©vj‡q †cÖiY K‡ib| XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi Kvh©Kvj ïiæ nq 1717 wLª. †_‡K| XvKvq ivRavbx ¯’vcb Ges myev`v‡ii
kvmb cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb GK `ÿ †gvMj AgvZ¨ Bmjvg Lvb wPk&wZ, Avi kZeQi ci XvKv‡K evsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi gZ
wekvj AÂ‡ji ivRavbxi gh©v`v †_‡K ewÂZ K‡ib Av‡iK `ÿ †gvMj AgvZ¨ gywk©Kzwj Lvb| GKRb XvKvi m~Pbv c‡e©i,
Av‡iKRb XvKvi cZbc‡e©i ¯^vÿx|
XvKv wbqveZ cÖwZôv: bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì AvMgY
gywk©`Kzwj Lvb ÿgZv `Lj K‡i w`jøxi †gvMj es‡ki wecix‡Z Local dynasty cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi AvIZvfz³ evsjv
wenvi I Dwol¨v‡K wb‡q MwVZ wbRvgZ‡K wZbwU Dc cÖ‡`‡k wef³ K‡ib| GB Dc cÖ‡`‡ki bvg †`qv nq ÔwbqveZÕ|
Zvig‡a¨ GKwU wbqveZ c~e©e‡½i Rvnv½xibMi (XvKv)| Rvnv½xibMi wbqveZ c~e© I `wÿYe½ Ges DËie‡½i Askwe‡kl
I wm‡jU PÆMÖvg wg‡j MwVZ nq| †`Lv hvq,†gvMj Avg‡ji Rvnv½xibMi ev XvKv †h e„nr evOjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi b¨vq
wekvj GjvKvi ivRavbxi gh©v`vi AwaKvix wQj, gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡ì Avg‡j Zv ÿxY n‡q XvKv wbtm‡›`‡n mxwgZ I
¸iæZ¡nxb n‡q c‡o| wbqve‡Zi kvm‡‡bi Rb¨ gywk©`vev` bev‡ei Aax‡b GKRb wWcywU wb‡qvM †`qv nq, Zvui c`we wQj
bv‡qe bvwRg|
XvKv wbqve‡Zi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì mgqKvj‡K ÿgZvi w`K we‡ePbv K‡i `ÔywU c‡e© fvM Kiv hvq| cÖ_gfvM, gywk©`vev‡ì
beve‡ì Aaxb (1717-1764), A_©vr cª_g bv‡qe bvwRg Lvb gyn¤§` Avjx †_‡K †RmviZ Lvb ch©šÍ wQ‡jb gywk©`vev`
wbRvg‡Zi beve bvwRg Øviv †cÖwiZ XvKvi kvmK| wØZxqce© ïiæ nq KjKvZv †_‡K wb‡qvM cÖvß e„wË ev †cbkb †fvMx
XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg, A_©vr 1765 †_‡K 1843 wLª. ch©šÍ G‡ì mgqKvj we¯Í…Z| 1765 mv‡j Bswjk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb
GK Amg Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q w`jøxi †gvMj ev`kvn kvn Avj‡gi KvQ †_‡K XvKvi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ wK‡b †bb|
Gjvnvev‡ì Pzw³i gva¨‡g gvÎ 24 jvL UvKvi wewbg‡q †Kv¤úvwb evsjvi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvb| †gvMj KZ…©K evsjv
wewµ Kivi Avi GKwU P~ovšÍ avc wQj G Pzw³| cÖ_g wewµi KvRwU K‡iwQ‡jb myev`vi hyeivR AvwRg DwÏb| wZwb 1698
wLª. Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU myZvbwU, †Mvwe›`cyi,KjKvZv BRviv w`‡q †`b| †hLv‡b Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B AvaywbK K¨vjKvUv
kni I †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM© M‡o I‡V| Gevi †mB KjKvZv †_‡KB 1765 Gi ci bZzb †Kv¤úvwb miKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡K
nwU‡q myBbUb bv‡g XvKvq GKRb Bs‡iR cÖkvmK wb‡qvM w`‡qwQ‡jb|
gymwjg XvKvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi wZbwU avc i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g av‡c 1610 wLª. m~ÎcvZ N‡U †gvMj myev`vwi kvmb Ges †mB
m‡½ †MŠiegq XvKvi BwZnv‡mi hvÎv, 1717 wLª, myev`vwi kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q ïiæ nq bv‡qe bvwRg ev †WcywU
kvmbKZ©vi kvmb Ges †mB †_‡K XvKvi ÿwqòz c‡_i hvÎv ïiæ, Avi 1765 wLª. †_‡K GKRb Bs‡iR cÖkvm‡Ki AvMg‡bi
ga¨ w`‡q ïiæ nq XvKvi AÜKvi hy‡Mi AwbwðZ hvÎv| Gfv‡e ejv hvq, evsjv wenvi Avi Dwol¨v wb‡q MwVZ myevn& evsjvi
ivRavbx Rvnv½xibMi †_‡K Rvnv½xibMi wbqveZ| gywk©`vev‡ì bevwe Avg‡j ïay c~e©evsjv wb‡q MwVZ wbqve‡Zi `vwqZ¡
cvq GK mg‡qi cÖv‡Pï †fwbm XvKv| Avi Bs‡iR Avg‡j G‡m ïay GKwU †Rjvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i XvKv| Z‡e Bs‡iR
miKvi XvKv wbqš¿‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qB bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì wPiZ‡i D‡”Q` K‡iwb| †Kv¤úvwbi ÿgZv jv‡fi mgq wec‡ì
w`b¸‡jv‡Z XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i Gi cÖwZ m¤§vb †`wL‡q eskvbyµwgK Dcvwa envj
†i‡L wbw`©ó fvZvi eë¯’v K‡ib| AvswkK ÿgZv wn‡m‡e †Ìqvwb Av`vjZ cwiPvjbvi fvi (G¨ †KvU© Ae wmwfj Rvw÷R)
Ges bIqviv f~wgi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì nv‡Z b¨v¯Í _v‡K| hwÌ bIqviv ev †gvMj †bŠevwnbx 1765 †_‡KB
GKwU AKvh©Ki cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡qwQj| P~ovšÍfv‡e †f‡O bv w`‡q Gi cwiPvjbvi e¨q wbe©v‡ni R‡b¨ bM` †eZ‡bi
cwie‡Z© wbw`©ó cwigvb f~wg eiv× †`qv nq| 1768-69 mv‡ji w`‡K †gvMj bIqviv Ges 1772 mv‡j †gvMj †Ìqvwb
Av`vj‡Zi `vwqZ¡I †K‡o wb‡j bv‡qe bvwRgiv †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii `qvi Ici wbf©i K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K|
Gch©v‡q XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì GKwU c~Yv©½ ZvwjKv †`qv n‡jv| ZvwjKvwU mgmvgwqK m~Î †R wU †ibwKb, XvKvi Wvqixm
Ges †Mvjvg †nv‡mb ZevZevB cÖYxZ wmqvi Dj gyZvLLvwib Gi Av‡jv‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gm,wm,e¨vbv©wR Ges W.Avãyj
KwigI Dc‡iv³ m~‡Îi gva¨‡g Giƒc GKwU ZvwjKv w`‡q‡Qb|7
gywk©`vev‡ì ¯^vaxb bvwRg‡ì (beve) Øviv †cÖwiZ XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg (1717-1765)
bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì bvg------------- mgqKvj------ gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg (†cÖiYKZ©v)
1. Lvb gyn¤§` Avjx Lvb-------- -1717-1723---- beve gywk©`Kzwj Lvb(1717-1727)
2. BwZmvg Lvb 1723-1726 H
3. BwZmvg Lv‡bi cyÎ ( bvg AÁvZ) 1726-1727 H
4. wgR©v jyrdzjøvn (wØZxq gywk©`Kzwj Lvb iæ¯Íg R½ Dcvwa cÖvß), beve myRv DwÏb 1727-1739
1728-1734
5. midivR Lvb (myRvDwÏ‡bi cyÎ) 1734-1739 H
wZwb XvKvq bv G‡m wZwb ch©vq µ‡g Zvui `yBRb †WcywU ev cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY K‡ib |
K) Mvwje Avjx Lvb 1734-1738
L) gyiv` Avjx Lvb(myRvDwÏ‡bi Kb¨v bvwdmv †eM‡gicyÎ) 1738-1739 H
6. Avãyj dvËvn Lvb 1739-1740 beve midivR Lvb ( 1739-1740)
7. bIqvwRm gyn¤§` Lvb(mgZ R½ Dcvwa) 1740-1754 beve Avjxe`x© Lvb (1740-1756)
wZwb Avjxe`x©i fvB nvwR Avng` Gi cyÎ Ges Kb¨v N‡mwU †eM‡gi ¯^vgx| wZwbI XvKvq bv G‡m cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY K‡ib|
K) û‡mb Kzwj Lvb 1740-1744 H
L) û‡mb DwÏb Lvb 1744-1754 H
M) gyiv` †`ŠjZ 1754-1755 H
8. †RmviZ Lvb 1755-1762 Avjxe`x©, wmivR D`‡`Šjv, gxi Rvdi, gxi Kv‡mg
9. gynv¤§` Avjx 1762-1763
10. †iRv Lvb 1763-1765 gxi Kv‡mg Lvb ( ¯^vaxb wbRvg‡Zi cZb)
G ch©šÍ bv‡qe bvwRgMY c~‡e©i †gvMj myevn&`vi Beªvwng Lv‡bi cÖwZwôZ †Kjøv ev kvwn `y‡M© emevm Ki‡Zb| wØZxq c‡e©
1765 wLª. Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb XvKvi ÿgZv `Lj K‡i wb‡j †òk eQi c~‡e© wbwg©Z gymjgvb ivRÿgZvi cÖZxK GB kvwnfeb
†_‡K bv‡qe bvwRg‡K D‡”Q` K‡i †`qv nq| mvgwqKfv‡e †m mg‡qi bv‡qe XvKvi beve †RmviZ Lvb I beve cwievi‡K
eo KvUivq AvkÖq †`qv nq|8 GB `y‡M© †Kv¤úvwbi kvmK Bs‡iR Avwg© Awdmvi K¨v‡Þb myBbUb Zvi Awdm-Kvg evm feb
¯’vcb K‡ib| myBbU‡bi AvMgb I `vwqZ¡ †bqvi mgq †_‡K XvKvq weªwUk kvm‡bi m~Pbv Kvj aiv nq| mgmvgwqK Bs‡iR
†jLK Gd.we. eªvW‡j evU© beve cwievi‡K cÖvPxb kvwn `y‡M©i evmfeb †_‡K weZvob‡K XvKvq gymwjg kvmb‡K Bs‡iR
KZ…©K c`vbZ Kivi bvU‡Ki †kl `„‡kï GKwU e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| wZwb wj‡Lb, It was a pathetic lingering of the
old regime, a mockery of the splendour that was past, paper and tinsel where once there had
been vellum and gold.Ó 9
mxwgZ ÿgZvi AwaKvix Ges †Kv¤úvwb miKvi KZ…©K †cbkb fvZv cÖvß bv‡qe bvwRgM‡Yi ZvwjKv,
11. beve †RmviZ Lvb ( 8bs e¨w³) 1765-165-1778, Gch©v‡q gywk©`vev` bq, †dvU© DBwjqvg †_‡K mb`cÖvß
bv‡qe bvwRg
12. beve nvmgZ R½ 1778-1785 ( †RmviZ Lv‡bi †cŠÎ)
13. beve bymiZ R½ 1785-1822 ( 12bs Gi cyÎ)
14.beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjv 1822-1831 ( 13 bs Gi fvB)

15. beve Kgi D‡ÏŠjv 1831-1834 ( 14 bs Gi cyÎ)
16. beve MvRx D` `xb nvq`vi 1834-1843 (15 bsGi cyÎ)|
†kl beve MvRx D` `xb nvq`v‡ii g„Zyï ci †Kv¤úvwb miKvi †m c`wU wejyß †NvlYv K‡ib| GiB mv‡_ wbgZjxi bIqve
febwUI Bs‡iR miKv‡ii Kâvq P‡j hvq| c~‡e©i 1765 mv‡ji b¨vq kvwn fe‡bi `L‡ji ci wbgZjxi feb †_‡KI beve
cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì weZvwoZ Kiv nq| wbgZjx beve feb `Lj Kivi m‡½ m‡½ wejyß n‡q hvq XvKvq gymwjg †gvMj
kvm‡bi †kl cÖZxK| Bs‡iR miKvi XvKvi HwZ‡nï cÖZxK bIqve c`wU 1857 wLª. wmcvwn we‡`ªv‡ni i³v³ Aemv‡bi ci
Ab¨ avivq m„wó K‡ib| XvKvi eo eëmvqx Ges Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi mn‡hvMx LvRv Avãyj MwY‡K beve Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv
nq Ges 1875 wLª. †_‡K Zv eskvbyµwgK †LZvwe beve G cwiYZ nq| †m beve‡ì Avevm ¯’j nq eywoM½vi Zx‡ii
Avnmvb gwÄj| XvKvi AvaywbK BwZnv‡mi GB beve I Avnmvb gwÄ‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K ïiæ AvaywbK
XvKvi DÌvbce©| †m BwZnv‡mi †cÖÿvcU I PwiÎ wfbœ|
bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì kvmbvax‡b XvKvi cwiwa
GLb cÖkœ Av‡m XvKv †_‡K ivRavbx gywk©`vev‡` ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nIqvi ci XvKv be MwVZ XvKv wbqveZ KZUzKz AÂj wb‡q Zvi
kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj| A_©vr wbqve‡Zi bv‡qe- bvwRg Gi Aax‡b XvKvi kvmb †ÿ‡Îi AvqZb KZUzKz| W.Avãyj
Kwig Zuvi M‡elYvq XvKv wbqve‡Zi GKwU †fv‡MŠwjK mxgvbv wbY©q K‡i‡Qb|10 GQvov ZvwiL B bymivZ Rw½, WÕqjx Ges
†Rgm †Uj‡ii eY©bv †_‡K XvKv wbqve‡Zi GKwU Awa‡ÿÎ ùvo Kiv‡bv hvq| WÕqwj Ges †Rgm †Uji hLb Dwbk kZ‡Ki
cÖ_g `k‡K XvKvq e‡m GB weeiY wjwce× K‡ib ZLbI XvKvi wbgZjx fe‡b bv‡qe bvwRgMY emevm Ki‡Qb| 1610-
1717 wL. myev`vwii Avg‡j XvKvi kvmb†ÿÎ wQj ALÐ evsjv, wenvi Ges Dwol¨v wb‡q fviZe‡l©i wekvj c~e©vÂj| XvKvi
kvmK Pvj©m WÕqwji eY©bvq Av‡Q, †m mgq XvKvi RbmsL¨v wQj cÖvq bq jÿ Ges ïay XvKvi AvqZb wQj 150 eM©
gvBj|11 Z‡e RbmsL¨vi †m wnmvewU †Kvb Av`g ïgvwii gva¨‡g †bqv nqwb| wKš‘ XvKv wbqveZ cÖwZôvi Gi Awa‡ÿÎ
mxwgZ n‡q c‡o| gywk©`Kywj Lvb Zuvi wbRvgZ‡K †ZiwU PvKjvq wef³ K‡ib| GB cÖkvmwbK web¨vm Ges XvKv wbqveZ
cÖwZôv cÖvq mgmvgwqKKv‡jB N‡UwQj| GB †ZiwU PvKjvi GKwU wQj PvKjv Rvnv½xibMi| Avi PvKjv kÖxnÆ Ges PvKjv
Bmjvgvev`‡K (PÆMÖvg Gi c~e©bvg) Rvnv½xibM‡ii m‡½ hy³ K‡i XvKv wbqveZ MVb Kiv nq|12 A_©vr XvKv wZb PvKjvi
cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvq| †Rgm †Uji wj‡Lb, 15,397 eM© gvBj GjvKv wb‡q MwVZ wQj bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì Aaxb XvKv
wbqveZ| Gevi XvKv wbqve‡Zi mxgvbv `wÿ‡Y e‡½vcmvMi I my›ìeb, DË‡i Mv‡iv cvnvo, cwð‡g h‡kvi I †mwjgvev`
ciMYv (AvaywbK ewikvji cwðgvsk) Ges AvwZqv ciMYv hv AvaywbK e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvi `wÿY cwðgvsk| Avi c~‡e©
wÎcyiv cvnvo I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg|13 XvKvi cÖkvmK I wmwfj mvR©b wQ‡jb †Rgm †Uji| wZwb 1838-39 mv‡ji w`‡K GB
weeiY †`b| gywk©`vev‡ì beve ìev‡i XvKv wbqve‡Zi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© 1839 wLª. wZwb AviI
wj‡Lb, ÔÔXvKv wbqve‡Zi kvmbKZ©vi c`wU‡K gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg‡Zi Aax‡b me‡P‡q AvKl©bxq e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv|
†Kbbv wbqve‡Zi Aax‡b GjvKvwU wQj me©v‡cÿv e„nr Ges m¤ú`kvjx|ÕÕ
PZz_© bv‡qe bvwRg gxR©v jyrdzjøvn(wØZxq gywk©`Kzwj Lv iæ¯Íg R½ Dcvwa cÖvß) Avg‡j 1728-29 mv‡j †mbvcwZ gxi nvexe
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bymivZ Rw½i weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq, XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg bIqvwRm Lv‡bi Avg‡j XvKv wbqve‡Zi Awa‡ÿÎ cÖvq GKB
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BwZnv‡mI cÖ‡hvR¨|
Rvnv½xibMi wbqve‡Zi cÖkvmwbK ¯Íiweb¨vm
XvKv wbRvgZ †f‡O hvIqvi ci XvKv wbqve‡Zi cªkvmwbK KvVv‡gv wK wQj Zvi wKQzUv avibv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| w`jøxi Aaxb
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AvKei bvgvq myev ev cÖv‡`wkK kvmb KvVv‡gv m¤ú‡©K AeMZ nIqv hvq| wKš‘ cieZx© XvKv wbqve‡Zi cÖkvmb hš¿ wKiƒc
wQj Zv Rvbvi Drm LyeB mxwgZ| Z‡e avibv Kiv hvq wKQz ms‡hvRb Qvov Zv †gvMj KvVv‡gvi Abyiƒc wQj| Bswjk B÷
BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi XvKv d¨v±ix †iKW©m (XvKv KzwVi) †_‡K W. Ave`yj Kwig GKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨ aviYv w`‡q‡Qb| †Kv¤úvwbi
wbKU †_‡K bv‡qe bvwRg Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©viv Dcnvi mvgMÖx MÖnY Ki‡Zb| wbqve‡Zi Kv‡K wK cwigvb Dcnvi w`‡Zb
Zv XvKv d¨v±ixi †iK‡W© ZvwjKve× Av‡Q| Zv †_‡K M„nxZ cÖkvmb hš¿wU wQj; 1) cÖkvmwbK cªavb bv‡qe bvwRg, 2) ivR¯^
wefv‡Mi GKRb †Ìqvb, 3) wePvi wefv‡Mi GKRb KvwR, 4) AvBwb e¨vL¨v`vZv GKRb gydwZ, 5) msev` ev kvwn digvb
Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ GKRb Iq‡Kbqvbwek, 6) kvwn †bŠ-evwnbx ev Avgjv -B- bIqvivi `vwq‡Z¡ GKRb †dŠR`vi ev
`v‡ivMv, 7) ZvuZ Lvbv I gvjeym Lv‡mi `vwq‡Z¡ _vKv GKRb Kg©KZ©v, 8) Ges GKRb kni Avgxb|15 †Rgm †Uji XvKv
wbqveZ‡K gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg‡Zi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q m¤ú`kvjx wQj e‡j †h eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Zv mwVK e‡jB cÖgvwbZ nq| bvwRg
beve gywk©`Kywj I Zvi cieZx© bvwRg-bveve myRvDwÏb Lvi Avg‡j XvKv wbqve‡Zi wZbwU AÂj †_‡K Kx cwigvb A_©
gywk©`vev‡ì †KvlvMv‡i †h‡Zv Zvi GKwU weeiY cvIqv hvq| 1722 Ges 1728 wLª. ch©šÍ GB Qq eQi ïay XvKv ev
Rvnv½xibMi PvKjv †_‡K ivR¯^ Av`vq 19,28,194 UvKv, kÖxnÆ †_‡K 5,31,455 UvKv, Bmjvgvev` ev PvUMuvI †_‡K
1,76,795 UvKv Ges bZzb PvKjv iIkbvev` (c~‡e©i wÎcyiv) †_‡K 92,993 UvKv| A_©vr XvKv wbqveZ †_‡K gywk©`vev`
wbRvg‡Zi Avq wQj cÖwZeQi †gvU 27,29,437 UvKv| c~‡e©i †gvMj Avg‡jI XvKvi myev`viMY wecyj cwigvb A_© w`jøx-
AvMÖvi ivRìev‡i †cÖiY Ki‡Zb| e¨w³MZfv‡eI A‡bK myevn&`vi DcvR©b K‡i XvKv †_‡K w`jøx wb‡q †h‡Zb| kvnRv`v
AvwRg DwÏb m¤ªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei wb‡`©‡k hLb 1703 wLª. XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib ZLb wZwb e¨w³MZfv‡e AvU †KvwU UvKv m‡½
wb‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| †gvMj Avg‡j XvKv †_‡K †cÖwiZ A‡_© M‡o I‡V AvMÖv w`jøxi wejvmeûj AÆvwjKv, Avevi bevwe
Avg‡j XvKv †_‡K cvPvi nIqv m¤ú‡` ˆZwi nq gywk©`vev‡ì kvb-kIKZ I ¯’vcZ¨, Avi Bs‡iR ewYK kvmb Avg‡j M‡o
I‡V KjKvZv Avi g¨b‡P÷vi- jÛ‡bi `vjvb †KvUv| Z‡e †gvMj‡ì ˆZwi a‡jkîx‡Z †gvZv‡qbK…Z XvKvi †bŠevwnbx
gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg beveMYI envj iv‡Lb| GB Avgjv-B-bIqviv bv‡g †gvMj †bfvj Gi Aax‡b 768wU iYZix Ges eû
Kg©KZv© Kg©Pvwi wb‡qvwRZ wQj| GB †bŠ evwnbxi gvwmK LiP wQj ‡m mg‡qi cÖvq wÎk nvRvi UvKv| G e¨q H Av`vqK…Z
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bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì cwiPvjbvaxb wQj| 1768wLª. †cbkbf~K beve †RmviZ Lv‡bi Avg‡j †Kv¤úvwb miKvi †gvMj Avg‡ji
GB bIqviv wejyß †NvlYv K‡i| 1828 wLªóv‡ãi g‡a¨ XvKv bMix‡K †Kej GKwU †Rjv m`‡i cwiYZ Kiv nq| ZLb XvKvi
bv‡qe bvwRg kvmmy‡ÏŠjv wbgZjx bIqve fe‡b emevm K‡ib| XvKv bIqviv †f‡½ †`qvi d‡j gymjgvb ˆmwbKiv PvKzwi
nvwi‡q †eKvi Rxeb †e‡Q †bq| Gi djvdj wQj LyeB ˆbivk¨RbK I my`~icÖmvix|
Rvnv½xibM‡ii bv‡qe bvwRgM‡Yi m‡½ gywk©`vev‡ì beve cwiev‡ii m¤úK©

c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q, XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì kvmbKvj‡K ÿgZvi w`K †_‡K cÖ_‡g `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvh; cª_g avc
1717-1765 chšÍ© c~Y© ÿgZvai bv‡qe bvwRg| gywk©`vev‡ì ¯^vaxb bevŸ‡ì Aax‡b Gmgq XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì nv‡Z
cÖkvmb Ges †Ìqvwb `ywUi `vwq‡Z¡B wQj| GB mgqKv‡j XvKvi BwZnvm ej‡Z g~jZ gywk©`vev‡ì bevwe Avg‡ji XvKvi
BwZnvmB ejv msMZ| Gi mswÿß iƒcwU wQj Ggb, gywk©`Kzwj Lvb gywk©ev`‡Kw›`ªK †h wbRvgZ cÖwZôv K‡ib Zv‡K
cÖPwjZfv‡e bevwe kvmb ejv nq| wZwb Ges Zuvi cwievi (Dynastic Family) 1717-1740 wLª.ch©šÍ wbRvg‡Zi
kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv K‡ib| gywk©`vev‡ì Aaxb XvKv wbqve‡ZI GB cwiev‡ii m`m¨ †_‡K †WcywU bvwRg ev bv‡qe bvwRg
wb‡qvM w`‡q cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| gywk©`Kzwj Lvb Zuvi Avg‡j †h wZbRb bv‡qe bvwRg XvKvq wb‡qvM w`‡qwQ‡jb (Dc‡i wP‡Î
cÖ`wk©Z) Zviv bev‡ei wbKUZg mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb|
gywk©`Kzwj Lvb 1727 wLª. g„ZzëiY Ki‡j Zuvi Kb¨v †Rey‡bœQvi (†Kv_vI whbœvZzb‡bmv) RvgvZv myRv DwÏb (myRv D` †`Šjv)
beve-bvwRg wbhy³ nb| hwÌ c~‡e©i beve Zuvi †`ŠwnÎ midivR‡K g‡bvbqb K‡iwQ‡jb| myRvDwÏb gywk©`vev‡ì bevŸ
wQ‡jb cÖvq GKhyM ( 1727-1739)| wZwb ¯^xK…Zfv‡e `ywU we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_g ¯¿x wQ‡jb beve gywk©`Kzwji Kb¨v †Re-
Db-wbmv ( gZvšÍ‡i whbœvZz‡bœQv)| Zvui M‡f©i mšÍvb bvwdmv †eMg Ges cyÎ midivR Lvu| wØZxq ¯¿xi M‡f© Kb¨v `y`v©bv †eMg
Ges ZwK Lvb| beve myRv DwÏb Lvb cÖ_‡g wZwb Zuvi GK †g‡qi RvgvZv ( `y`©vbv †eM‡gi ¯^vgx) wgRv© jyrdzjøvn‡K wØZxq
gywk©`Kzwj Luv Dcvwa w`‡q XvKv wbqve‡Zi bv‡qe bvwRg K‡i cvVvb| Avi ZwK Lvb‡K Dwol¨vi bv‡qe bvwRg g‡bvbxZ K‡i
cvVvb| 1734 wLª. ZwK Lvb †mLv‡b g„ZzëiY Ki‡j †m ¯’‡j beve myRvDwÏb Lvb XvKvq wb‡qvwRZ wgR©v jyrdzjøv‡K wb‡qvM
w`‡q †cÖiY K‡ib| wgR©v jyrdzjøvn Dwol¨vq e`jx n‡q †M‡j myRv DwÏb XvKvi cieZx© bv‡qe bvwRg K‡i cvVvb ZuviB cyÎ
midivR Lv‡K| hyeivR midivR Lv XvKvq bv G‡m Zvi †WcywU cÖwZwbwa K‡i cÖ_‡g Mvwje Avjx LvbGes c‡i gyiv` Avjx
Lvb‡K cvVvb| gyiv` Avjx wQ‡jb beve myRv DwÏ‡bi Aci Kb¨v bvwdmv †eM‡gi cyÎ| A_©vr gyiv` Avjx wQ‡jb myRv
DwÏ‡bi †`ŠwnÎ| GB gyiv` Avjx Lvb Gi wbKU Zvi gvgv midivR Lvb †g‡q‡K weevn †`b| gyiv` AvjxB wQ‡jb beve myRv
DwÏ‡bi kvmbKv‡ji †kl Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg| A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib Kzwgjøvi gyiv`bM‡ii bvgKiY GB gyiv`
Avjxi bv‡gB n‡q‡Q| bvwRg beve myRv DwÏb Lv‡bi GB cÖkvmwbK iè`j wjwce× K‡ib mgmvgwqK †jLK ˆmq` †Mvjvg
†nv‡mb Lvb ZevZevwq| cÖvq Aa©kZK ci 1780-81 wLª. GB †jLK wmqvi-Dj- gyZvLwLwib bvgK MÖ‡š’ BwZnvm eY©bv
K‡ib| G‡ì eskZvwjKv Kig Avjx Lvb iwPZ mgmvgwqK dvwm© MÖš’ †gvRvd&di bvgvq ewY©Z Av‡Q|16 myRv DwÏb Lvb G
mgq AgvZ¨ Avjxe`x© Lvb Ges Zvi cwievi‡KI wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c‡` c`vqb K‡ib| Avjxe`x©‡K wenv‡ii bv‡qe bvwRg
Ges Zvui åvZ¯úyÎ bIqvwRm gyn¤§` Lvb‡K Dc‡mbvcwZi gh©v`vq eLwki c‡` wb‡qvM †`qv nq| GB bIqvwRm Lvb
cieZx©Kv‡j Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb|
1740 mv‡j beve myRv DwÏ‡bi cyÎ cieZx© bvwRg beve midivR Lvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i ZvuiB wcÖq I Kv‡Qi AgvZ¨ Avjxe`x©
Lvb gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg bev‡ei c` `Lj K‡ib| Zvici †_‡KB XvKv Ges gywk©`vev‡ì ÿgZvq gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi cwiev‡ii
AcmviY N‡U| Avi Dfq ¯’‡j ÿgZvi kx‡l© Av‡m beve Avjxe`x©i cwievi| Avjxe`x© cÖvq †lvj eQi (1740-1756)
gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg‡Zi bvwRg beve wQ‡jb| evsjvq gM I gvivVv `my¨‡ì `gbmn bvbvb RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨
Avjxe`x© Lvb evsjvi BwZnv‡m GKRb mykvmK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Av‡Qb| wZwb cÖ_‡gB Zvi fvBcyÎ I †g‡q RvgvZv
bIqvwRm gyn¤§` Lvb‡K XvKv wbqve‡Zi †WcywU Mfb©i ev bv‡qe bvwRg wb‡qvM †`b| wZwb GKUvbv c‡bi eQi (1740-
1755) XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Avjxe`x© Lvb XvKvi †bŠ Kgv‡Ûi `vwqZ¡ (bIqviv ev ev`kvwn †bŠ
evwnbx) cÖ`vb K‡ib Zvi †g‡q Av‡gbv †eM‡gi cyÎ gxR©v gyn¤§`‡K (wZwbB cieZx© beve wmivR D` †`Šjv)| myZivs †`Lv
hv‡”Q Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi cÖ_gc‡e© c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cÖvß bv‡qe bvwRgMY mevB wQ‡jb gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg beve‡ì cwiev‡ii
¸iæZ¡c~Y© m`m¨|
XvKvi beve bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì ÿgZv I `vwqZ¡ n«v‡mi wewfbœ ch©vq
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1765-1843 wLª. ch©šÍ| GB mgq ÿgZv I `vwq‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K Av‡iv wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb,1765-1772,
1773-1822, Ges 1822-1843 wLª:| 1765 mv‡j bevwe kvm‡bi cZb n‡j †Kv¤úvwb miKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi wbKU †_‡K
ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi †Ìqvwb fvi †K‡o wb‡q †bq Ges cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©Z¡ n«vm K‡i| Z‡e wePvi wefv‡Mi †Ìqvwb
Av`vjZ ZL‡bv bv‡qe bvwR‡gi nv‡Z wQj| m¤¢eZ ZLbI wePvi wefvM cwiPvjbv Kivi g‡Zv Bs‡iR miKv‡ii nv‡Z h‡_ó
wePviK wQj bv| gymjgvb gydwZ ev wePviK w`‡qB wePvi Kvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| c‡ii avc wQj 1772 †_‡K 1822 wLª.
ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| 1772 wLª. †Kv¤úvwb miKvi wbRvgZ Av`vj‡Zi ev wePvi wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡I Zv‡ì nv‡Z wb‡q hvq| Zvici
gymjgvb kvmK bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì nv‡Z _v‡K ïay bIqviv ev †bŠ wefv‡Mi cwiPvjbvq _vKv XvKv I Av‡kcv‡ki †ek wKQz
f~wgi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vq `vwqZ¡| †kl av‡c 1822 wLª. †Kv¤úvwb miKvi bv‡qe bvwRg bymiZ R½ †_‡K bIqviv gnvj
†K‡o wb‡q †m m¤úwË †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii Lvm m¤úwË‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|17 cieZx© mgqKv‡j 1822 †_‡K 1843 ch©šÍ wQj
beve cwieviwU wbZvšÍB Bs‡iR‡ì `vb-`wÿYvi Ici fi K‡i GK cÖKvi Ajm Rxeb hvcb Kiv| Z‡e XvKvevmxi
mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q †bZ…‡Z¡ Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZv ejer wQj| bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì mg‡q XvKvi mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb wb‡q
M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb, bymivZ dv‡Zgv, ÔÔNaib Nazims and the Contemporary Cultural Life of Dhaka,’’
(Naib Nazims of Dhaka and the Nimtali Palace ( ed. Sharif uddin Ahmed). kxl©K Zvui M‡elYvc‡Î|
gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡ì Aax‡b XvKv
Avgv‡ì cÖ_gc‡e©i M‡elYvi AvIZvq bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì BwZnvm g~jZ gywk©`vev‡ì bevwe Avg‡ji XvKvi BwZnvm| GLb
ch©šÍ Bnv cÖwZwôZ †h, Lvb †gvnv¤§` Avjx LvbB XvKvi cÖ_g bv‡qe bvwRg| wZwb Zvui wb‡qvMKZ©v gywk©`Kzwj Lvb KZ…©K
1717 mv‡j XvKv wbqve‡Zi cÖ_g bv‡qe bvwRg wbhy³ n‡q Av‡mb| Avi †m eQiB gywk©`Kzwj Lvb gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg-beve
wbhy³ nb| XvKvi BwZnv‡m `yÕwU NUbv GKB mg‡q N‡U| wKš‘ NUbv `yÕwUi Zvrch© GK wQj bv| XvKv kZeQ‡ii ivRavbx
wn‡m‡e gh©v`v nviv‡bv, Avi bZzb ivRavbx wn‡m‡e gywk©`vev‡ì D™¢e wQj| GB `yB NUbvi we‡kl Zvrch©| hwÌ 1702
mv‡j XvKv †_‡K gywk©`vev‡` †Ìqvwb ¯’vbvšÍi Ges 1703 mv‡j myev`v‡ii Awdm ev Kvh©vjq cÖ_‡g wenv‡ii ivRgn‡j c‡i
cvUbvq P‡j hvIqvq XvKv Kvh©Z kvmKwenxb n‡q c‡owQj| wKš‘ AvbyôvwbK XvKv‡K ivRavbxi ¯’vb evwZj K‡i gywk©`vev`‡K
ivRavbx iƒ‡c †NvlYv Kiv nq 1717 wLª.| Gmgq †_‡K 1765 mv‡j Bs‡iR‡ì nv‡Z ÿgZv hvIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ gywk©`vev`
wQj evsjvi ivRavbx| Avi XvKv bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì Aax‡b GKwU ¯’vbxq kvmb Ges e¨vemv evwY‡Rï †K›`ª wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
nq| XvKvi cÖ_g bv‡qe bvwRg Lvb †gvnv¤§` Avjx Lvb 1717-1722 wLª. cÖvq Qq eQi ÿgZvq †_‡K gywk©`vev‡ì bev‡ei
cÿ †_‡K XvKvi ev`kvwn `y‡M© (mv‡eK XvKv †K›`ªxq †RjLvbv) Ae¯’vb K‡i cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwb
XvKvq eëmv evwYRïZ Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK wQ‡jb| Avi Zv K‡iwQ‡jb bv‡qe bvwR‡gi wb‡qvM KZ©v gywk©`Kzwj
Lv‡bi wb‡`©‡kB| Lvb †gvnv¤§` Lv‡bi Avg‡jB Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb XvKvq Zv‡ì evwYR¨ KzwVi cyb:wbg©vY K‡ib| GKB mg‡q
XvKvi Bs‡iR evwYR¨ †`Lvïbv Kivi R‡b¨ GKwU KvDwÝj m„wó Kiv nq| XvKvi KvDwÝ‡ji cÖavb n‡q Av‡mb Rb †÷K
nvDm| Zvi mgq †_‡K XvKvq Bs‡iR evwYR¨ KzwV Ges d¨v±wi M‡o I‡V|
gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg‡Zi bvwRg-beve gywk©`Kzwj Lvb 1723 wLª. Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvq wØZxq bv‡qe bvwRg wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`b
BÕwZmvg‡K| wZwb Zuvi wcZv Lvb †gvnv¤§‡ì ¯’jvwfwl³ nb| m¤¢eZ Lvb †gvnv¤§` Lvb Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y Ae¨vnwZ cvb|
Z‡e BÕwZmvgI wcZvi b¨vq Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb‡K bvbv my‡hvM myweav cÖ `vb K‡ib| 1727 wLª. gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi g„Zz¨ Aewa
BÕwZmvg XvKvi ev`kvwn `yM© Kvh©vjq Ges evmfeb ¯’vcb K‡i Rvnv½xibMi-XvKv wbqveZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Bs‡iR ewYKiv
BÕwZmv‡gi Avg‡j GZB wbivc` wQj †h XvKv KvDwÝj Zv‡ì wbivcËvi R‡b¨ †h ˆmb¨ mvgšÍ m‡½ wb‡q AvmwQ‡jb Zv
GLv‡b wb¯úª‡qvRb e‡j KjKvZvq †diZ cvwV‡q †`b| Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi `wj‡j m~‡Î Rvbv hvq BÕwZmvg 1726 mv‡ji 26
gvP© ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| Zuvi g„Zyï ci †_‡K 1727 mv‡j Ryb gv‡m gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi g„Zzï gaëZx©
mg‡q XvKv wbqve‡Zi GKRb bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi bvg †Kv‡bv m~‡Î Rvbv hvqwb| bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì KvjcwÄ
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BÕwZmv‡gi †Kv‡bv GK cyÎ| Z‡e cÖ_gw`‡Ki Dfq bv‡qe bvwRgB †h gywk©`Kzwj Lv‡bi cwiev‡ii m‡½ AvZ¥xqZvi m~‡Î
Ave× wQ‡jb Zv mKjB wbwðZ| †m mg‡q AvZ¥xqZvi evB‡i KvD‡K Rvnv½xibM‡ii g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqve‡Zi `vwq‡Z¡
wb‡qvM †`qv gywk©`vev‡ì kvmK‡Mvôx wbivc` g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| Gmgq †_‡KB Awek¦v‡mi ivRbxwZ gv_v Pvov w`‡q D‡VwQj,
hvi cwiYwZ evsjvi fwel¨r ivRbxwZi †ÿ‡Î myLKi wQj bv|
gywk©`vev‡ì ¯^vaxb wbRvgZ-bevwei cÖwZôv gywk©`Kzwj Lvb g„Zzï c~‡e© Zvui †`ŠwnÎ midivR Lvb‡K gywk©`vev‡ì bvwRg beve
g‡bvbxZ K‡i hvb| wZwbB gywk©`vev‡` GKwU cvwievwiK beveZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡i hvb| wKš‘ gywk©`Kzwji RvgvZv myRvDwÏb
gynv¤§` Lvb †m g‡bvbqbcÎ AMÖvn¨ K‡i wb‡RB gywk©`vev‡ì ÿgZv MÖnY K‡ib| gywk©`vev‡ì gmb‡ì wcZv cy‡Îi g‡a¨ G
bvUKxq NUbv N‡UwQj 1727 wLª. Ryb gv‡m| myRvDwÏb Lvb XvKv wbqve‡Zi bv‡qe bvwRg K‡i Zvui †g‡q RvgvZv wgR©v
jyrdyjøvn‡K †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb wØZxq gywk©` Kzwj Lvb iæ¯Íg Rs Dcvwa cÖvß| XvKvi GB bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb
myRvDwÏ‡bi Kb¨v `y`©vbv †eM‡gi ¯^vgx| myRv DwÏ‡bi Ab¨ ¯¿xi cyÎ ZKx Lvb‡K Dwol¨vi bv‡qe bvwRg K‡i †mLv‡b †cÖiY
K‡ib| jyrdzjøvni XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib 1728- 1734 wLª. ch©šÍ| †R.Gb miKvi †e½j bIqvem
MÖ‡š’ wj‡Lb †h, 1728 mv‡ji 29 GwcÖj C‡ì w`‡b wgR©v jyrdzjøvn XvKvi eywoM½vi Zx‡i †cŠ‡Qb| wKš‘ W. Avãyj Kwig
XvKvi Bswjk KvDwÝ‡ji m~‡Îi eivZ w`‡q Rvbvb †h, bZzb beve ev bv‡qe bvwRg 1728wLª. 15 GwcÖ‡ji c~‡e©B XvKvq G‡m
†cŠ‡Qb|18 wZwb wØZxq gywk©`Kzwj Luv iæ¯Íg R½ Dcvwa cÖvß wQ‡jb| Zuvi mg‡q Bivb †_‡K AvMZ AvRv` Avj †nvmvBwb
bvgK GK †jLK fvM¨v‡š^‡l XvKvq Av‡mb Ges bev‡ei mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi Avkvq 1729 mv‡j XvKvi bev‡ei mgqKvj wb‡q
bIevnvi-B- gywk©`Kzwj Lvwb kxl©K GKLvwb MÖš’ wj‡Lb| gvÎ bq c„ôvi GB MÖš’wU bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì BwZnvm iPbvi
mgmvgwqK GKwU Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
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‘Dacca was thus reduced to the government of a Nawab’s deputy’s deputy’s deputy.”26
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cvjv‡Z mÿg n‡jI e„× AvMv ev‡Ki †mLv‡bB wbnZ nb| Gfv‡eB Avjxe`x©i kvmbKv‡ji †kl w`‡K XvKvq N‡mwU †eMg
Ges ney beve wmivR D` †`Šjvi mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ ÿgZv jovB‡qi lohš¿ PjwQj|29
Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi GB nZ¨vKv‡Ði ciciB gywk©`vev‡` bIqvwRm Lvb Ges N‡lwU †eM‡gi Av‡iK AbyMZ cÖfvekvjx
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AZ¨vPvi Ges evovevwo e‡j ZLbB cÖPvi Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Q hLb cjvkx NUbvq Bs‡R‡ì m¤ú„³Zv‡K mwVK I ev¯Íe e‡j
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GB wbôzi GKbvq‡Ki Rxe‡bi mgvwß N‡U|Ó30
1754 wLª: gyiv` †`ŠjZ XvKvq bv‡qe bvwR‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib cÖvq GK eQi| Zuvi AvMg‡bi GKeQi ci 1755 wLª.
XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg bIqvwRm †gvnv¤§` Lvb gywk©`vev‡ì gwZwSj cÖvmv‡` g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Gici gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg
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ciB bvwRg beve Avjxe`x© LvbI B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|
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envj iv‡Lb| GB †RmviZ Lv‡bi Avg‡jB cjvkxi hy×, eK&mv‡ii hy×, XvKvq Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi bZzb kvmbfvi MÖn‡Yi
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Kiv, A_© D×vi Kiv Ges gywk©`vev` gwZwSj cÖvmv` †_‡K lohš¿Kvix‡ì ew›` K‡i XvKvq AvUK Kiv wQj ZiæY bev‡ei
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NUbvi Rb¥`vZv| XvKvi M‡elK W.kixd DwÏb Avn‡g` wj‡Lb,
Jesarat khan experienced the most dramatic events in the political life of Bengal in the
mid eighteenth century when he had to strike a balance between the rival factions of the
local satrapies and the European contenders. It was he who set up a new line of Naib
Nazims of Dhaka which held the post till the institution came to an end in 1843.32
beve wmivR D` †`Šjvi `ªyZ I cÖPÐ Bs‡iR we‡ivax Awfhv‡bi d‡j me RvqMvq †Kv¤úvwbi Ae¯’v LyeB m½xb n‡q I‡V|
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ci Avevi Kvcyiæl Bs‡iR †ewbqv m`‡c© XvKvq wd‡i Av‡m|
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bvwRg ev wWcywU kvmbKZ©v wn‡m‡e envj iv‡Lb| 1760 wLª. wgi Rvdi‡K mwi‡q ZviB RvgvZv wgi Kv‡mg Avjx Lvb
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weZwK©Z NUbvi bvqK †RmviZ Lvb†K mwi‡q gyn¤§` Avjx bv‡g GKRb AgvZ¨‡K wb‡qvM w`‡q XvKvq †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb
wQ‡jb cieZx© mg‡q XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg †iRv Lv‡bi fvB| m¤¢eZ Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ †Mvcb AvZuvZ Ges m`q AvPi‡Yi
Kvi‡YB wgi Kv‡mg †RmviZ Lvb‡K c`Pz¨Z K‡ib| Gmgq †RmviZ Lvb‡K cvUbvi gy‡½‡i Ae¯’vbiZ wgi Kv‡m‡gi Kv‡Q
Ae¯’vb Kivi Av‡`k †`b-hv A‡bKUv bRiew›`| hv‡nvK, gynv¤§` Avjx `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb GK eQi| AZci wgi Kv‡mg Avjx
†iRv Lvb‡K XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg K‡ib| wZwb 1765 wLª. ch©šÍ cÖvq `yÕeQi XvKvi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| GB mgq gywk©`vev‡`
Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi wb‡`©‡k I n¯Í‡ÿ‡c e¨vcK ivR‰bwZK cU cwieZ©b N‡U| Zvici †iRv Lvb gywk©`vev‡` wd‡i hvb Ges
Bswjk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b †MvUv evsjvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| †iRv LvbI †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii
fvZv-†eZ‡bi AvIZvfz³ nb| Zvui evwl©K †eZb avh© Kiv nq 9 jÿ UvKv| Avi XvKvi †Ìqvb ivRejø‡fi evwl©K †eZb
aiv nq 3 jÿ UvKv| †iRv Lv‡bi Avg‡jB XvKvi Awaevmxiv wQqvË‡ii gš^šÍ‡i AvµvšÍ nq| GB gnv `ywf©‡ÿ XvKvi
ivRc‡_ nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li g„Z‡`‡n f‡i wQj| GB †iRv Lv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq Ges Zvi BwZnvm wb‡qB mgmvgwqK
†jLK Kig Avjx Lvb 1772-73 wLª. iPbv K‡ib †gvRvd&dibvgv| GB MÖ‡š’i Bs‡iwR Abyev` K‡ib †R Gb miKvi
†e½jm bIqvem MÖ‡š’|
XvKvq we‡`kx ewYK †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb: gymwjg kvm‡bi cZb
1764 wLª. e·v‡ii hy‡× beve wgi Kv‡mg Avjx Lv‡bi cZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Bs‡iR Dcwb‡ek kvm‡bi AvbyôvwbK DÌvb N‡U|
GKB m‡½ cZb N‡U gywk©`vev‡ì ¯^vaxb bevwe kvm‡bi| Gevi wgi Rvdi Avjxi DËimywi‡ì g‡a¨ ÿgZv wd‡i cvevi
R‡b¨ †hgb cÖZ¨ÿ mn‡hvwMZv wQj Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi, †Zgwb XvKvq bv‡qe bvwR‡gi c`wU‡Z †RmviZ Lvb cybivq wd‡i
Av‡mb †Kv¤úvwbi mycvwi‡kB| Avi Gme ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði †K›`ªwe›`y n‡q `vovq gywk©`vev‡ì beve ìev‡ii cwie‡Z©
Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZwi AvaywbK bMix KjKvZvi †dvU© DBwjqvg|
1765 wLª: w`jøxi ev`kvn kvn Avjg Ges †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ Gjvnvev‡` GK Amg Pzw³ nq| G Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q gvÎ 26 jÿ
UvKvi wewbg‡q w`jøxi †gvMj ev`kv evsjvi ivR¯^ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU wewµ K‡i †`b| †Kv¤úvwbi mKj A‡_©i Drm †Ìqvwbi
`vwqZ¡ Kâv K‡i †bb| Avi KjKvZv †_‡K jW© K¬vBf gywk©`vev‡` cyZzj bvwRg beve wn‡m‡e wgi Rvd‡ii GK cyÎ
wbhvgy‡ÏŠj‡K wb‡qvM †`b| GKB m‡½ AZxZ AvbyK~j¨ I mn‡hvwMZvi K…ZÁZv ¯îƒc wgi Rvdi Avjxi eskai‡ì g‡a¨
bvwRg beve c`wU eskvbyµwgK K‡i iv‡Lb| wKš‘ XvKvi Ae¯’v I ÿgZv wef³ n‡q c‡o| XvKvq bZzb cÖkvmK n‡q
KjKvZv †_‡K Av‡mb (1764 wLª.) K¨v‡Þb myBbUb bvgK †Kv¤úvwbi GK PZzi Kg©KZ©v| e·‡ii hy‡×i mgq wZwb jW©
K¬vB‡fi wb‡`©‡k XvKvi wbKUeZx© Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb (jÿxcy‡ii †gNbvq)| wZwb ZwiZ¡ XvKv `Lj K‡i XvKvi cÖkvm‡Ki
`vwqZ¡ wb‡q †bb| Zvici bevwe Avg‡ji XvKvi cÖavb bv‡qe bvwRg ev †WcywU Mfb©‡ii c`wU mivmwi wejyß K‡ib wb e‡U|
wKš‘ cÖkvmwbK ÿgZv †_‡K mwi‡q †d‡jb| †Kv¤úvwbi KjKvZvi KvDwÝ‡ji mycvwi‡k c‡ii eQi (1765 wLª.) bv‡qe
bvwRg c‡` wdwi‡q Av‡bb †mB †RmviZ Lvb‡K| wZwb wgi Kvwm‡gi mgq gy‡½‡i bRi ew›` wQ‡jb| †iRv Lv‡bi gywk©`vev‡`
wd‡i hvIqv Ges †RmviZ Lv‡bi wd‡i Avmvi mgq ch©šÍ m¤¢eZ XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi c`wU wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ Lvwj wQj|
†RmvivZ Lv‡bi wb‡qvMwU wQj GK ai‡bi cyi¯‹vi ¯îƒc| GB †RmviZ Lv‡bi XvKvq wd‡i Avmv‡K Gm.wm e¨vbvwR©i g‡Z
wQj ... as a grateful return.33 Z‡e Gevi †RmviZ Lvb‡K c~Y© ÿgZv w`‡q XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg Kiv nqwb| myBbU‡bi
m‡½ fvMvfvwM Kiv nq bv‡qe bvwR‡gi ÿgZv| wKQzw`‡bi Rb¨ XvKvq ïiæ nq ˆØZ kvmb| 1765 mv‡ji ci XvKvi bv‡qe
bvwR‡gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`wU AZxZ BwZnv‡mi ¯§„wZ n‡qB _v‡K|
GB mgq XvKvi †ÿ‡Î Av‡iKwU `yw`©‡bi welq n†jv myBbUb XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì kvwn `yM© evmfebwU `Lj K‡i †bb, †h
`yM©‡ewóZ cÖvmv‡` †gvMj myev`vi Ges cieZx© mg‡qi bv‡qe bvwRgMY emevm K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| †RmviZ Lvb I Zvi
cwievi kvwn cÖvmv` †_‡K D‡”Q` n‡q kvnRv`v myRvi Avg‡j ˆZwi eo KvUvivq (eo mivBLvbv ev AwZw_kvjv) mvgwqK
AvkÖq †bb| GB †RmviZ Lvb c~Y© bv‡qe _vKvKv‡j ( 1755-1762) cÖvq mvZ eQi G kvwn fe‡b †_‡KB XvKv wbqveZ
cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| A_P XvKv Ges gywk©`vev‡` Bs‡iR kvmb cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ GB †RmviZ Lv‡bi g‡Zv †`kxq AgvZïv
KZ wKQzB bv K‡i‡Qb| GK eQi eo KvUvivq †RmviZ Lvb Ae¯’vb K‡ib| g~jZ XvKv †Kjøv myBbUb KZ…©K `Lj n‡q †M‡j
`yªZ XvKvi beve‡ì R‡b¨ KjKvZvi jW© K¬vB‡fi wb‡`©‡k Avi myBbU‡bi ZZ¡veav‡b evmfebwU wbwg©Z nq| XvKv kn‡ii GB
GKwU cÖ_g feb hv †gvMj-weªwUk ¯’vcZ¨ ixwZ‡Z wbwg©Z| 1766 †_‡K cieZx© 1843 wLª: ch©šÍ †RmviZ Lv‡bi eskaiivB
XvKvi wbgZjxi evmfe‡b Dcvwa me©¯^ bv‡qe bvwRg ev XvKvi beve wn‡m‡e emevm K‡ib| GB bZzb wbwg©Z wekvj cÖvmv`wU
¯’vbxqfv‡e wbgZjxi bevefeb bv‡gI cwiwPZ n‡q hvq| GLvb †_‡KB Ôbvg me©¯^Õ XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì wØZxqc‡e©i
BwZnvm ïiæ nq| After 1765, the institution of Dhaka Niabat became less significant as the East
India Company begun to change the system of governance. Nevertheless, the institution
continued for several decades further as a symbol of the past.’’34 GB †RmviZ Lvb cÖ_g bv‡qe bvwRg †h
Zuv‡K XvKvi beveMÄ evRv‡i mgvwnZ Kiv nq| beve‡ì bvgvbymv‡iB GB evRviwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| Gi c‡ii mKj
bv‡qe bvwRg ev beveB XvKvq mgvwnZ n‡q‡Qb|35
myBbU‡bi AvMg‡bi m‡½ m‡½ bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZvi cwieZ©b nq| G †ÿ‡Î XvKvi Dci gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡ì
Avi †Kvb AvwacZ¨ _v‡Kwb| †mLv‡bI †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡q wM‡q‡Q Ges bvg me©¯^ beve wn‡m‡e wgi Rvd‡ii
cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ †_‡K †Kv¤úvwb miKvi beve bvwRg wbhyw³ w`‡q‡Q| d‡j XvKvq gymwjg kvm‡bi Av‡iK avc cZb N‡U|
1702 Ges 1703 wLª. h_vµ‡g †Ìqvb gywk©`Kywji Ges myev`vi AvwRg DwÏ‡bi XvKv Z¨v‡Mi d‡j XvKv †mLvb †_‡KB
cÖ_g ivRavbxi gh©v`v nvivq| Avi wØZxqevi cZb N‡U Bs‡iR cÖkvmK myBbU‡bi ÿgZv †bqvi m‡½| Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi
GB we‡`kx kvmbKZ©v XvKvq ÔmyjZvbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| †Kb wZwb myjZvb bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡jb-Gi †Kv‡bv
e¨vL¨v mgmvgwqK m~‡Î D‡jøL †bB| m¤¢eZ ÔmyBbUbÕ k‡ã bvgwU XvKvevmxi Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ weavq †jvKgy‡L Zv Acåsk
n‡q ÔmyjZv‡bÕ cwiYZ n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i| K¨v‡Þb myBbUb 1765 wLª. bw`qv †Rjvi Awaevmx †kL B‡ZkvgywÏb‡K m‡½ wb‡q
jÛ‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb| †gvMj m¤ªvU kvn Avj‡gi †cbkb-fvZv e„w×i Av‡e`b wb‡q IKvjwZ Kivi R‡b¨ we‡j‡Zi ivRìev‡i
†kL B‡ZkvgywÏb‡K †gvMj ivRKxq Av‡`k wb‡q cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| wKšÍ jW© K¬vBf I myBbU‡bi PZziZvq B‡ZkvgywÏ‡bi
mdi e¨_© nq| K¬vBf lohš¿ K‡i ev`kvni cÎ I Dc‡XŠKb KjKvZvq †i‡L †`b| 1767 mv‡j (1173 evsjv) cÖvq wZb
eQi ci GB evOvwj KjKvZv e›`‡i wd‡i Av‡mb| m¤¢eZ B‡ZkvgywÏb-B cÖ_g †Kv‡bv evOvwj jÛb ågY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB
evOvwj we‡jZ †_‡K wd‡i G‡m Zuvi mdi weeiY wk¸d©bvgv-G †ejv‡qZ(1784) MÖ‡š’ wjwce× K‡ib| wgR©v †kL
B‡ZkvgywÏ‡bi 34 eQi ci 1799 mv‡j wgR©v Avey Zvwje Lvb bv‡g Aci GK gymjgvb Bs‡iR K¨v‡Þb †WwfW wiPvW©m‡bi
m‡½ we‡jZ ågY K‡ib Ges gvwmi B Zvwjex bv‡g ågY Kvwnbx (1804) cÖKvk K‡ib|36
AvVvi kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM †_‡K fviZe‡l© `xN© gymwjg kvm‡bi µvwšÍKvj PjwQj| G mgq wZbwU gymwjg ivR‰bwZK †K›`ª
w`jøxi †gvMj, gywk©`vev‡ì beve, Avi XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi c`wU bvg me¯^© n‡q †Kv¤úvwbi `vb `vwÿYvi Ici wbf©ikxj
n‡q c‡o|
beve †RmvivZ Lv‡bi DËimywiMY: XvKvi wbgZjxi beve KzwV‡ii bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì †kl w`b¸‡jv
†RmviZ Lv‡bi g„Zzï ci Zuvi †cŠÎ nvmgZ Rs wbgZjxi beve evwoi Mw`‡Z e‡mb| Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg
Gevi KjKvZvi †dvW© DBwjqvg †_‡K mb` cÖvß n‡q `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zuv‡ì RxweKv wbe©vni Rb¨ wKQz G‡÷U Ges
gvwmK Qq nvRvi UvKv fvZv avh© nq| nvmgZ R½ Ôbeve ˆmq` gyn¤§` Lvb evnv`yi nvmgZ RsÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| Zv‡K
bv‡qe bvwRg c‡` wb‡qvM †`b KjKvZvi †dvU© DBwjqvg †_‡K Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij jW© Kb©Iqvwjk| GB wbgZjxi bv‡qe
bvwRgMY gymwjg AaÿwlZ XvKvi †jvKgy‡L Zv‡ì ÔbeveÕ bv‡gB cwiwPZ nb| ZLbI beveMY XvKvevmxi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì
AwffveK wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z wQ‡jb| GB mg‡q XvKvi bvMwiK Rxe‡b fxlY `yw`©b| GKw`‡K †Kv¤úvwbi †kvlY Ges A_©
cvPvi, Ab¨w`‡K gaycy‡ii R½j †_‡K dwKi -mbœ¨vwm‡ì evievi Bs‡iR KzwVi Avµg‡Yi cvjv P‡j| wVK G mg‡q †MvUv
evsjv‡`‡k †`Lv †`q gnvgvwi-`ywf©ÿ| wKšÍ XvKvevmx‡K †`Lvi gZ †KD †bB| Bs‡iR ewYK †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z ivR¯^ I
eëmv evwYR¨ mewKQz wbqwš¿Z| d‡j XvKv AiwÿZ n‡q c‡o| AivRKZvc~Y© XvKv kni †_‡K gvbyl cvjv‡Z ïiæ K‡i| GB
Ae¯’vq nvmgZ Rs mvZ eQi XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb| 1785 wLª. wbgZjxi fe‡b bev‡ei g„Zz¨ n‡j Zvi cyÎ bymiZ Rs
evnv`yi XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wbhy³ nb| nvmgZ Rs‡K beveM‡Ä †RmviZ Lv‡bi cv‡kB mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
bymiZ Rs beve ˆmq` Avwj Lvb evnv`yi Dcvwa wb‡q 1785 †_‡K 1822 ch©šÍ `xN©w`b XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb|
wbgZjxi GB beve wQ‡jb wkwÿZ, iæwPevb Ges PviæKjv wekvi`| wZwb ZvwiL B bymiZ Rw½ bv‡g dvwm© fvlvq GKwU MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib| †hLv‡b XvKvi bveve I evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k Gi
c„ó‡cvlKZvq Avãym †mvenvb MÖš’wU Bs‡iwR fvlvq g~j dvwm© †_‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| Rvbv hvq GB bev‡ei c„ó‡cvlKZvq
XvKvi GK wPÎ wkíx Avjg gymvweŸi XvKvi HwZnëvnx †gvnig wgwQ‡ji weL¨vZ RjiO wPÎwU AsKb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b GwU
XvKv hv`yN‡i msiwÿZ Av‡Q| wbgZjxi beveMY gywk©`vev‡ì beve cwiev‡ii gZv`‡k© wkqv ev Bgvwgqv gvhnv‡ei Abymvix
wQ‡jb| Zvu‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq †nvmwb `vjvb n‡q I‡V XvKvi gymjgvb‡ì agx©q I mvs¯‹…wZK cÖvY‡K›`ª| 1798 mv‡j wecøex
d«v‡Ýi weiæ‡× Bsj¨‡Ûi e¨vcK hy× eva‡j evsjvi wn›`y gymwjg GwjU I Rwg`viv hy‡× e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ weª‡U‡b Av_© †cÖiY
K‡ib| XvKvi beve bymiZ Rs †m mg‡qi 750 iæwc Pvu`v cÖ`vb K‡ib| gywk©`vev` †_‡K wgi Rvd‡ii ¯¿x gywbœ †eMg 3,125
iæwc Pvu`v w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv‡nvK,GB mxwgZ ÿgZvi AwaKvix bv‡qe bvwRg bymiZ R‡½i mg‡q XvKvi Kv‡j±i wbhy³ n‡q
Av‡mb Pvj©m WÕqwj bv‡g GKRb ms‡e`bkxj Bs‡iR| Zvui Rb¥ gywk©`vev‡` GKRb Bs‡iR cwiev‡i| 1814 wLª. WÕqwj
bev‡ei m‡½ wbgZjxi evmfe‡b mvÿvr K‡ib- †m BwZnvm cvIqv hvq| cjvkxi cUcwieZ©‡‡bi ci †_‡KB XvKvi
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Pig AebwZ N‡U| c„ô‡cvlKZvi Afv‡e XvKvi weL¨vZ †gvMj gymwjg ¯’vcZ¨ I Ab¨vb¨
wel‡qi cZ‡bi wPÎ WÕqwji †Pv‡L KiæYfv‡e aiv c‡o| Bs‡iR Kv‡j±i GKRb wPÎKiI wQ‡jb| WÕqwj wbgZjxi beve
fe‡b bev‡ei m‡½ mvÿvr K‡ib| HwZnëvnx beve‡ì ìevi I beve cwiev‡ii iæwP‡ev‡ai cÖksmv K‡ib| Zvi wjwLZ
weeiY †_‡K ZrKvjxb XvKv Ges bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì RxebhvÎvi GKwU wPÎ cvIqv hvq| WÕqwj Zuvi MÖ‡š’ wj‡Lb,
eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq kvmbeë¯’v cwiPvjbvq bv‡qe bvwR‡gi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB| †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡ZB mg¯Í `vwqZ¡fvi
Awc©Z| eZ©gvb beve bymiZ R½ c~‡e©v³ beve RmiZ Lv‡bi mvÿvr eskai| Zvi eqm AvbygvwbK lvU ermi| cÖvP¨
¯’vcZïxwZ‡Z wbwg©Z I PgrKvifv‡e AjsK…Z fe‡b XvKv‡ZB Zvi emevm| mgMÖ ìevi KÿwU weªwUk wPÎKjv I
wcÖ‡›U Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv †h GK BwÂ cwigvb †ÌqvjI `„wó‡MvPi nq bv| me©`v AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evwn‡i
MgbvMg‡bi mgq eûmsL¨K Ak^v‡ivnx I cvk©^Pie„›` bymiZ R‡½i AbyMvgx n‡q _v‡K|37
GKRb ¯^vaxb‡PZv bev‡ei K_v

bv‡qe bvwRg bymiZ R½ 1822 wLª. B‡šÍKvj K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K wbgZjxi AbwZ`~‡i †nvmwb `vjv‡b mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
cieZx© mKj bv‡qe bvwR‡ì †mLv‡bB mgvwnZ Kiv nq| giûg bv‡qe bvwR‡gi DËivwaKvix Kwbô åvZv kvgmy‡ÏŠjv‡K
(1772-1831) Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg g‡bvbxZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii AvcwË †`Lv †`q| wZwb
wQ‡jb ¯^vaxb‡PZv Ges Bs‡iR we‡Ølx| m¤¢eZ GB µvwšÍKv‡j I Pig êix ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wZwbB cÖ_g Bs‡iR
Avwac‡Zï weiæ×vPvib K‡ib| KjKvZvi evOvwj beRvMi‡Yi AvaywbK cyiæl ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi (1772-1833)
G‡Kev‡i mgmvgwqK wQ‡jb XvKvi GB bevecyÎ| wKšÍ KjKvZv hLb ivRv ivg†gvnb iv‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ bZzb †Kv¤úvwb
miKv‡ii mKj my‡hvM myweav wb‡q wn›`y mgvR beRvMi‡Y D™¢vwmZ n‡”Q, Avi †m mg‡q evsjvi Aci HwZn¨gwÐZ kni
XvKv AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z n‡”Q| beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjv‡K Bs‡iRiv m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`LZ| GB m‡›`‡ni KviYI wQj| A‡hva¨vi
Bs‡iR we‡ivax beve DwRi Avjxi †MÖdZv‡ii †gvKÏgvq Zv‡K RwoZ Kiv nq| Zuvi weiæ‡× AviI Awf‡hvM I‡V †h wZwb
XvKvi divwm †Kv¤úvwbi KZ…©c‡ÿi m‡½ †Mvc‡b †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡ib| 1789 mv‡j d«v‡Ý divwm wecøe msNwUZ n‡j †mB
gyw³i †XD †MvUv we‡k^ Abyf~Z nq| 1799 mv‡j wecøex d«v‡Ýi m‡½ hy³iv‡Rï Zzgyj hy× ïiæ nq| ZvB weªwUk K‡jvwb
evsjvi we‡`ªvn‡K Bs‡iRiv Pig m‡›`‡ni bR‡i iv‡L Ges wbg©gfv‡e Zv `gb K‡i| GKB mg‡q `wÿY fvi‡Z gwnï‡ii
myjZvb wUcyi m‡½ Bs‡iR‡ì Zzgyj hy× PjwQj| G mKj Kvi‡Y kvgmy‡ÏŠjv‡K fqsKi g‡b K‡i Zvui fvB bymiZ R‡½i
RxweZve¯’vq Zuv‡K 1799 mv‡j KjKvZvi †dv‡U© ew›` K‡i ivLv nq| ZvuiB m½x wgR©v Rvb Zvwcm bv‡g GKRb Kwe‡KI
ew›` Kiv nq| GB Rvb Zvwck gywk©`vev‡` kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mb| Zvui cÖK…Z bvg wgR©v gyn¤§` CmgvBj| wZwb
Bs‡iR we‡ivax loh‡š¿ bev‡ei cÖavb AbyPi I mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|38 Ae‡k‡l kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi Bs‡iR
we‡ivwaZvi Rb¨ AbyZß n‡q bZzb ev¯ÍeZv †g‡b wb‡q †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡ib| c‡i kvgmy‡ÏŠjv‡K
Awf‡hvM †_‡K gyw³ †`qv nq| GKB m‡½ Zvui AbyPi wgR©v Rvb ZvwckI gyw³ jvf K‡ib Ges †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡R
dviwm bw_ msiÿY I G wel‡q cixÿv †bqvi `vwqZ¡ cvb| 1822 mv‡j wbgZwji beve evwoi beve bymiZ R‡½i ¯^vfvweK
g„Zz¨ nq| †Kv¤úvwb miKvi 1822 beve Avwgiæj g~jK kvgm D` †`Šjv ˆmq` Avng` Avwj Lvb evnv`yi Ryj dv°vi R½
Dcvwa w`‡q XvKvi cieZx© bv‡qe bvwRg wn‡m‡e kvgmy‡ÏŠjv‡K wb‡qvM †`qv nq|39
evOvwji beRvM„wZi AMÖ`yZ ivRv ivg‡gvn‡bi mg‡qi gvbyl beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi mgqKvj wQj 1822 †_‡K 1831 wLª. ch©šÍ
cÖvq 10 eQi| Zvi mgq †_‡K bv‡qe bvwR‡gi ÿgZv AviI mxwgZ n‡q c‡o| †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©cÿ c~‡e©i b¨vq Zuv‡K gvwmK
Qq nvRvi UvKv fvZvi eë¯’v bv K‡i †ò nvRvi UvKv Kwg‡q mv‡o Pvi nvRvi avh© K‡ib| XvKvi bv‡qe bvwR‡gi Aax‡b
_vKv RvqwMi I Lvm m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq| bev‡ei ìevi I cwievi cwiPvjbvq AviI Avw_©K m¼U †`Lv †`q| Zuvi
my`ÿ `v‡ivMv I e¨w³MZ mwPe wQ‡jb wgR©v gyn¤§` Avwj| wZwb bev‡ei mewKQz †`Lvïbv Ki‡Zb| GB bev‡ei mg‡q
KjKvZv †_‡K XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib wekc †ifv‡iÛ †nevi| 1824 wLª. †nevi bev‡ei wbgZjxi bevefe‡b mvÿvr K‡ib|
†nev‡ii weeiY †_‡K XvKvi ZrKvjxb A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Ges bv‡qe bvwRg beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi BwZnvm Rvbv hvq| hwÌ
A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK AebwZi R‡b¨ bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì Avi †Kv‡bv `vq-`vwqZ¡ wQj bv| wekc †nevi wj‡Lb, ÔÔbeve
KjKvZvq †Kv¤úvwbi `y‡M© ew›` _vKv Ae¯’vq Bs‡iwR fvlv AvZ¥¯’ K‡iwQ‡jb| beve wb‡R‡K Kwe †m·wcqv‡ii GKRb
mgv‡jvPK e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges †¯úwbm hy× m¤ú©‡K fvj AeMZ wQ‡jb|Ó40 †nev‡ii weeiY †_‡K beve fe‡bi iæwP-
ms¯‹…wZ mg‡ÜI Rvbv hvq| GB wekc wj‡Lb,
wZwb hLb wbgZjxi beve fe‡bi `wÿY †Ìwo cvi n‡q cÖvmv` fe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib ZLb bne‡Z mÜvi ivwMbx
evRwQj| †iŠc¨ `Ðavix bev‡ei Kg©Pvix Zv‡K Af¨_©bv Rvwb‡q bev‡ei Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| †nevi beve cÖvmv‡ì K‡ÿ
wKQz `yj©f I PgrKvi Qwe Ges wPÎKg© ch©‡eÿY K‡ib| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wWDK Ae I‡qwjsUb, jW© †nw÷sm Ges
I‡qwjmwji Qwe wQj| Avi bev‡ei m‡½ Avm‡b Dcweó wQ‡jb beve cyÎ, bev‡ei mwPe wg. wj Ges GKRb wMÖK
ag©hvRK|41
†nev‡ii eY©bvq Rvbv hvq, ìevi KÿwU wQj †gnMwY Kv‡Vi Avmev‡e mw¾Z Ges jvj MvwjPv Av”Qv`‡b †kvwfZ| beve
evwo Ges beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi iæwP‡ev‡a BD‡ivcxq wekc‡K gy» K‡iwQj| wekc bev‡ei GKwU Pvi PvKvi kKUI
(PvKvIqvjv †Nvovi Mvox) †`‡LwQ‡jb| D‡jøL¨ bv‡qe bvwRg kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi Avg‡jB BD‡ivcxq AbyKi‡Y kKU cÖ_g XvKvq
Pvjy nq e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| XvKvi GB beve gywk©`vev‡ì †cbkbf~K beve gyeviK‡`Šjvi GK Kb¨v‡K weevn K‡ib|
e·‡ii hy×i ci kvmb eë¯’v †Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii nv‡Z P‡j †M‡j XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì Ici gywk©`vev‡ì Avi †Kvb
KZ…©Z¡ _v‡K wb| wKšÍ Dfq As‡ki g‡a¨ cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK m¤úK© we`¨gvb wQj|
Av‡iK BD‡ivwcq DBwjqvg wnwK whwb KjKvZvq GB mg‡q cÖ_g msev`cÎ †e½j †M‡RwU (1780) cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb,
wZwbI XvKvi GB bev‡ei AvaywbK gvbwmKZv wb‡q cÖksmv K‡ib| Zvui eY©bvq wj‡Lb, ÒHe was by far the most
accomplished native in India, I ever was acquinted with, being an excellent general scholar
well-versed in history both ancient and modern and understood the English language most
wonderfully.42
beve kvgmy‡ÏŠjv 1831 wLª. K‡jiv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Zuv‡K †nvmwb `vjv‡bi †fZ‡i mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
†m eQiB Av‡iK evOvwj Zvui wbcxwoZ K…lK`j wb‡q wbjKi I AZ¨vPvix ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi‡ì weiæ‡× msMÖvg ïiæ K‡ib Ges
KjKvZvi Kv‡Q eivmv‡Zi bvwi‡Kjevwoqvi ev‡ki‡Kjøv ˆZwi K‡i †Kv¤úvwb miKvi‡K e¨wZe¨¯Í K‡i †Zv‡jb| wKš‘ GB me
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡g XvKvi †gvMj HwZ‡nï wbgZjxi beve wKsev gywk©`vev‡ì †cbkbcÖvß beve‡ì we‡`ªvnx †Kvb
f~wgKv I m¤ú„³Zv ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m¤¢e wQj bv| Z‡e G K_v wVK, GKB mg‡q KjKvZvi ivg‡gvnb ivq Avi be¨
wkwÿZ I eëmvqx-Rwg`vi wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi cÖgyL wn›`y mgvR‡K RvMwiZ Kivi msMÖv‡g †hfv‡e GwM‡q G‡mwQj, Giƒc
LvwbKUv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i XvKvi wbgZwji beve wKsev gywk©`vev‡ì nvRvi `yqvwii cÖvmv‡ì mgKvjxb beveMY gymjgvb
mgvR‡K bZzb Bs‡iR miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q AvaywbK †PZbvq RvMwiZ Kivi msMÖv‡g eªZx nevi †Kvb c`‡ÿc wb‡Z
cv‡i wb| GmKj e‡b`x gymjgvb beve-AvkivdMY ga¨hyMxq Zv‡ì c~e©Zb g~j¨‡eva wb‡q e„nr gymjgvb mgvR †_‡K wew”Qbœ
n‡q cov wQj `ytLRbK|
bv‡qe bvwRg kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi g„Zzï ci Zuvi cyÎ KgiD‡ÏŠjv 1831 wLª. XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wbhy³ nb| Zvi Dcvwa wQj kvg
Dj gyjK ˆmq` Rvgvj DwÏb Lvb evnv`yi gbmyi R½| GB bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb cÖPÐ cvbvm³| AíKv‡jB wZwb bvbv †iv‡M
AvµvšÍ n‡q c‡ob Ges 1834 wLª. g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb|
XvKvi wbgZjxi beve fe‡bi †kl bev‡ei cwibwZ
XvKvi cieZx© eskvbyµwgK bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb Kgi D‡ÏŠjvi cyÎ beve MvwR DwÏb nvq`vi| Zv‡K XvKvevmx cvMjv beve
e‡jB RvbZ| 1834 †_‡K 1843 ch©šÍ wZwb XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg wQ‡jb| Zvi g„Zzï ci †Kv‡bv cyÎmšÍvb bv _vKvq
†Kv¤úvwb miKvi bv‡qe bvwRg c`wU wejyß †NvlYv K‡i| wZwb bvwRg DwÏb Kgi Dj g~jK bIqve ˆmq` MvwR DwÏb Lvb
evnv`yi wd‡ivR R½ Dcvwa wb‡q wbgZjxi beve fe‡b M`xmxb nb| GB †kl bv‡qe bvwRg beve MvwRDwÏb nvq`v‡ii
mybv‡g bq, bvbv KzK‡g©i Rb¨ XvKvevmx‡K †e`bvnZ K‡ib| XvKvi MY¨gvb¨ e‡bw` e¨w³‡ì ev` w`‡q Zvi m½x mv_x wn‡m‡e
PwiÎnxb I Ac`v_© †jvK‡ì †e‡Q †bb| d‡j †Kv¤úvwb miKvi Zvi †cbkb-fvZv n«vm K‡i †`b| Gmgq bev‡ei wek^¯Í
†jvK wQ‡jb AvMv Avãyj Avwj| beve Avãyj Avwj‡K wb‡q beve XvKvi †mmb RR wg. †µKivdU‡ii m‡½ mvÿvr K‡ib|
GB RR mv‡ne wQ‡jb c~e©Zb beve‡ì eÜz Ges beve cwiev‡ii ïfvKv•Lx| mvÿv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ wQj wZwb †hb bev‡ei n‡q
†Kv¤úvwb miKv‡ii wbKU mycvwik K‡ib †hb bev‡ei wLjvZ cÖ`vb Ges cybivq fvZv gÄyi K‡i †`b| Zv‡ì cÖ‡Póvq
†Kv¤úvwb miKvi c~‡e©i b¨vq gvwmK fvZv mv‡o Pvi nvRvi UvKv Ges c~‡e©i beve‡ì Abyiƒc gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘
bv‡qe bvwR‡gi ¯^fve Pwi‡Îi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb| AwgZe¨qx, PwiÎnxbZvi Kvi‡Y XvKvi beve cÖwZwbqZ FYMÖ¯Í n‡q
c‡ob| bev‡ei GB `y¯‹‡g©i cwiYwZ †`‡L XvKv kn‡ii MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© beve ìev‡i Avmv-hvIqv eÜ K‡i †`b|42
ZvIqvwi‡L XvKv MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q, beve‡K GB `y`©kv Ae¯’v †_‡K †kl iÿv Kivi Rb¨ XvKvi MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM©
gywk©`vev‡` Zvui `v`x eì Db †bmv †eM‡gi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbvb| GB †eMg wQ‡jb cÖv³b beve kvgm‡`Šjvi ¯¿x| eì Db
†bmv beve es‡ki †kl evwZ iÿv Kivi Rb¨ XvKvq Av‡mb Ges wbgZjxi beve KzwU‡i G‡m MvRxDwÏ‡bi ¯^fve PwiÎ
ms‡kva‡bi †Póv K‡ib| wKšÍ wZwbI mdj n‡Z cv‡ib wb| gvÎ 28 eQi eq‡m wki NyY©b †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q MvwRDwÏb
nvq`vi 1843 mv‡j gviv hvb|43 Bs‡iR miKvi XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì †kl eskai‡K h_vh_ m¤§vbc~e©K †nvmwb `vjv‡bi
mgvwnZ K‡ib|
beve †RmviZ Lv‡bi (mgqKvj 1765-1778) Avgj †_‡K Zuvi eskai‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K DËivwaKvi wfwËK beve cèx jvf
K‡i †h mKj bv‡qe bvwRgiv XvKvi wbgZjx beve fe‡b emevm K‡i AvmwQj †m aviv MvwRDwÏb nvq`v‡ii g„Zzï ga¨ w`‡q
Aemvb N‡U| XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg †kl eskai MvwRDwÏ‡bi g„Zzï ci Avi †Kv‡bv DËimywi cvIqv †Mj bv| MvwRDwÏ‡bi
gvZv nvqvZ Db †bmv bvbvfv‡e †Póv K‡ib, Kxfv‡e bv‡qe bvwRg c`wU envj †i‡L cvwievwiK fvZv I †cbmb iÿv Kiv
hvq| wKš‘ †Kv_vI bev‡ei †Kvb DËim~ix cvIqv †Mj bv| †Kv¤úvwb miKvi bIqve evwoi fvZv eÜ K‡i †`q| †Kej
bev‡ei gv mn beve cwiev‡ii K‡qKRb gwnjvi Rb¨ mvgvb¨ fvZvi eë¯’v K‡i XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg c`wUI wejyß †NvlYv
K‡i| Ggb wK wbgZjxi wekvj beve feb †_‡K me©¯^ nvwi‡q bIqve cwieviwU weZvwoZ nq-†hLv‡b G‡ì c~e©cyiæliv
1766 mvj †_‡K emevm K‡i AvmwQj| fv‡Mï cwinvm, BD‡ivc †_‡K AvMZ GKwU ewYK kvmK‡Mvôxi nv‡Z gymjgvb GB
kvmK‡MvôxwU cÖ_‡g 1765 mv‡j XvKvi kvnx `yM© jvjev‡Mi cÖvmv` †_‡K weZvwoZ nq| Avi wØZxqevi wPiZ‡i weZvwoZ nq
wbgZjx gnjøvi GB beve evwo †_‡K| GB D‡”Q‡ì ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡ì Avi †Kvb VvB ev Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vKj bv| †Kv¤úvwb miKvi
KZ…©K wbgZjx gnjøvi ÔbeveevwoÕ mn mKj m¤úwË wbjv‡g wewµ Kiv nq| wbgZjxi beve evwo XvKvi be¨ Rwg`vi emvK
cwievi wK‡b †bq e‡j GKwU mgmvgwqK m~‡Î cvIqv hvq|44 GKB m‡½ `ywU ivRKxq nvI`v MvwoI Zv‡ì n¯ÍMZ nq|
Gfv‡eB XvKvi gymwjg kvm‡bi †kl ¯^vÿx XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg, Zv‡ì wbgZjxi beve evwo,Ges Ag~j¨ AvmevecÎ XvKvi
be¨ Rwg`vi emvK cwiev‡ii m¤ú‡ì cwiYZ nq| GLb ïay XvKvi †nvmwb `vjv‡b mgvwnZ Zuv‡ì mgvwa †mŠa bv‡qe
bvwRg‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ †NvlYv Ki‡Q| wKšÍ bvbv nvZ e`‡ji d‡j AvR beve evwoi †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡ evwK †bB| ïay beve evwoi
cwðg ìIqvRv ÔwbgZjx †`DwoÕ ev beveevwo †MUwU evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUi D‡`¨v‡M bZzb K‡i ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j
Av›`vR Kiv hvq GLv‡b XvKvi beve‡ì GKwU wekvj AvevwmK Kg‡cø· wQj|45
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cwievi¸‡jvi RxweKv msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o| GKKv‡ji PvKzwi`vZviv Kv‡ji KivjMÖv‡m ÿgZv nvwi‡q Gevi PvKzwii cÖv_x©
n‡qI PvKwii mÜvb cvq bv| A_P cjvkxi mgq †_‡KB GB XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRgiv Bs‡iR miKvi‡K bvbvfv‡e †h
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A_©eë¯’vi my‡hvM wb‡q XvKvq †Kvb bZzb gymwjg abx‡Mvôxi D™¢e nqwb, eis A‡bK e‡bw` I m”Qj cwievi Zv‡ì HwZn¨
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miKv‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZv nviv‡j GLvbKvi kvnx gymjgvbiv A_©‰bwZK my‡hvM myweavi bZzb m¤¢vebvi c_wU nvivq| XvKv
AvšÍR©vwZK eëmv evwYR¨ †_‡KI ewÂZ nq mxgvnxb fv‡e| Z`ycwi i‡q‡Q gymjgvb cwievi¸‡jvi cvðvZ¨ wegywLZv| Dwbk
kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© beve Ave`yj jwZd Avi ‰mq` Avgxi Avjxi Øviv AvaywbK wPšÍvfvebv D™¢‡ei c~e© ch©šÍ kvmK‡Mvôx
gymjgvbiv cÖvP¨gywLZvi †Lvjm †_‡K gyw³ cvqwb|
Dcmsnvi
evsjvi wbRvgZ, beve, Avwgi wKsev XvKvi bv‡qe bvwRg mevB cÖvq GKB cwievifz³| A_©vr Avie, BivY,wKsev ZzwK©|
1716wLª. gywk©`vev‡` bevwe kvmb cÖwZôv jMœ †_‡K Rvnv½xibMi-XvKvq AvMZ mKj bv‡qe bvwRgB wQ‡jb AevOvwj| Zviv
evsjvfvlv I ms¯‹…wZi c„ô‡cvlKZvq GwM‡q Av‡mwb| Avevi 1765 wLª. ci †_‡K XvKvq eskvbyµwgK †h bv‡qe bvwR‡gi
m„wó nq, ZvivI gywk©`vev` †_‡K AvMZ bv n‡jI ‡mB mKj ewnivMZ‡ì eskai| ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Zviv wQ‡jb †gvMj NivYvi|
¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ GB kvmK‡kÖwYi †Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM wQj e‡j nq bv| d‡j †Kv¤úvwb miKvi ÿgZv †bqvi ci GB
cyivZb kvmK‡MvôxwU `yªZ BD‡ivcxq kvmb †g‡b wb‡Z wØav‡eva K‡iwb| wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î bZzb kvmb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wn›`y AwfRvZ
†Mvôxi gZ mdj n‡Z cv‡i wb| AvVvi kZ‡Ki ïiæ †_‡K ga¨fvM ch©šÍ c~Y© `vwqZ¡cÖvß bv‡qe bvwRg Ges †klv‡a© †_‡K
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1716 wLª. XvKv ivRavbxi gh©v`v nviv‡bvi m‡½ Gi ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv n«vm cvq e‡U wKšÍ A_©‰bwZK, eëmv-evwY‡Rï MyiyZ¡
AviI wKQzw`b Ae¨vnZ wQj| 1765 wLª. gywk©`vev‡ì wbRvg‡Zi cZb n‡j XvKvi eëmv-evwY‡Rï mKj evRviI `Lj K‡i
†d‡j BD‡ivcxq cY¨m¤¢vi| Gici †_‡K bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì cÖkvmwbK ÿgZv `ªæZ n«vm cvq Ges †Kv¤úvwb miKvi XvKvi
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¸iæZ¡nxb| †m †ÿ‡Î mKj cÖkvmwbK, ivR‰bwZK I eëmvevwY‡Rï †K›`ªwe›`y n‡q I‡V Km‡gvcwjUvb bMix KjKvZv| d‡j
AvVvi kZ‡Ki †klva© †_‡K KjKvZv‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h evOvwj ga¨weË †kÖwYi weKvk N‡U, †miƒc XvKv wKsev c~e©evsjvi
†ÿ‡Î m¤¢e nqwb| Gi `vq-`vwqZ¡ LvwbKUv XvKvi kvmK‡Mvôx bv‡qe bvwRg‡ì Dci eZ©vq| GwUB HwZnvwmK mZ¨|
ciMvQv kvmK‡Mvôx e‡jB mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ Zv‡ì †gjv‡gkv wQj bv| A_P Dwbk kZ‡Ki Pvi `kK (1843 wLª.)
ch©šÍ XvKvq bvwRgMY I Zv‡ì cwievi, AgvZ¨‡Mvôx emevm K‡i‡Q|
Z_¨m~Î
1. †`Lyb, ivRavbx XvKvi 400eQi I DËiKvj, cÖ_g LÐ. evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 2012, c„. 39-
44, Sharif uddin Ahmed, ‘A Short History of Dhaka-Niabat and Naib-Nizams of
Dhaka’’ Tarikh-i- Nusrat Jangi, ed. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2005
2. ivRavbx XvKvi 400 eQi I DËiKvj, wØZxq LÐ. evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 2012, c„. 30
3. Aveyj dRj, AvBb-B-AvKewi, Ab~w`Z, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv 2008, c„. 136
4. †Mvjvg †nvmvBb mwjg,wiqvR-Dm-mvjvwZb Ab~w`Z, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 1974, c„.528| gywk©`Kzwj Lvb
A‡bK bv‡g f~wlZ, cÖ_g KiZje Lvb,c‡i gywk©`Kzwj Lvb, Av‡iv c‡i gyZvgvb Dj gyjK Avjv D` †`Šjv Rvdi
Lvb bvwmi Rs| Zvi Avmj bvg gxR©v nvw`, Z‡e wiqvR Dm mvjvwZb I Ab¨vb¨ mgmvgwqK dviwm MÖ‡š’ bIqve
Rvdi LvbB †jLv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ gywk©Kzwj Lvb 1717 wLª. gywk©`vev‡` ¯^vaxb bevwe kvmb cÖwZôv K‡i `ywU c` GK
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wbqveZ,AciwU Dwol¨v wbqveZ, †h `ywU BZc~‡e© Rvnv½xibM‡ii Aax‡b wQj|
5. Abdul Karim, Murshid Quli Khan and His Times, Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca,
1963, p.212
6. Abdul Karim, ‘The Chronology of the Early Nai’b Nazim of Dhaka’, JASP Vol.8. 1963,
p.67
7. Abdul Karim, Dacca the Mughal Capital, Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca, 1964,
p.18, GB Z_ëûj MÖš’wU ivRkvnx wek^we`¨vj‡qi Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK †gvnv¤§`
gywneyjø¨vn wQwÏKxi mvejxj Abyev‡` evsjv ms¯‹iY 1994 mv‡j evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
8. XvKvi Bs‡iR kvmK Pvj©m WÕqwji AvKuv Antiquities of Dacca, London, 1824. MÖ‡š’ wPÎwU i‡q‡Q|
9. F.B. Bradley Birt, The Romance of the Eastern Capital , Delhi, 1984,p.220
10. Abdul Karim , Dacca, p.44
11. mï Pvj©m WqÕwj, XvKvi cÖvPxb wb`k©b (G¨w›UKzBwUm Ae XvKv),fvlvšÍi, GKv‡WwgK cvewjkvm©, XvKv, 1991,c„.
11
12. Abdul Karim, Murshid Quli Khan and His Times, , p.212
13. James Taylor, Topography & Statistics of Dacca, Calcutta 1810, p.49
14. Jadu Nath Sarkar, Bengal Nawabs, Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 1985,p.9
15. wiqvR -Dm-mvjvwZb , c„. 323
16. Kig Avwj,†gvRvddibvgv,(Av. Kv. †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv Ab~w`Z I m¤úvw`Z) evsjv GKv‡Wwg,XvKv,1998,c„. 21
17. K.M.Karim, ‘Na’ib Nazims of Dacca’, JASP, Dacca, 1965, p.251
18. Jadu Nath Sarkar, Bengal Nawabs, ,p.1
19. Ahmad Hasan Dani, DHAKA, A Record of Its Changing Fortunes, ASB, Dhaka,2009.p.
168
20. wiqvR -Dm-mvjvwZb , c„. 156-157
21. gybkx ingvb Avjx Zv‡qk, ZvIqvwi‡L XvKv, Ab~w`Z BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv,1985, c„. 75
22. wiqvR -Dm-mvjvwZb , c„. 238
23. ˆmq` †Mvjvg ûmvqb Lvb ZveZvevqx, wmqvi Dj gyZvLwLwib, cÖ_g LÐ, Ab~w`Z, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1978, c„.303
24. we¯ÍvwiZ , wbwLjbv_ ivq, gywk©`vev` Kvwnbx, KjKvZv,1996, c„.32-52
25. †`Lyb,Tarikh-i-Nusrat Jangi, ed. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2005. P.13. F.B. Bradley
Birt ,Ibid, p.135
26. Ahmad Hasan Dani, DHAKA, p. 43
27. Abdul Karim , Dacca the Mughal Capital, p.16
28. Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv, beve wmivR-D-‡`Šjv, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb,2015, c„. 446-47 , gywk©`ve‡ì bevwe
Avg‡ji AgvZ¨ wb‡q M‡elYvKg© †`Lyb, †gvnv¤§` wQwÏKzi ingvb Lvb, bevex evsjvi ivRbxwZ I AwfRvZ †kÖYx:
GKwU mgvRZvwZ¡K Aa¨qb, Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ wefvM, 2013, XvKv wek^we`¨vjq
29. Jadu Nath Sarkar, Bengal Nawabs, p.53-54
30. mï Pvj©m WqÕwj, XvKvi cÖvPxb wb`k©b (G¨w›UKzBwUm Ae XvKv ) c„. 15, g~j, Charls D’Oyly, Antiquities
of Dacca, London, 1824
31. gybkx ingvb Avjx Zv‡qk, ZvIqvwi‡L XvKv ,c„. 82
32. Sharif uddin Ahmed, ‘A Short History of Dhaka-Niabat and Naib-Nizams of Dhaka’’
Tarikh-i-Nusrat Jangi, ed. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2005. P.100
33. S.C. Banerjee, Naib Nazims of Dacca’ in Bengal Past and Present, Vol. Lix,1940, p.18
34. Naib Nazims of Dhaka and the Nimtali Palace (ed.), Sharif uddin Ahmed, ASB, Dhaka,
2018, p. 22
Conservation of Nimtoli Deuri : A Historical and Architectural Study ( Sharifuddin Ahmed,

ed,) ASB, 2018. p. 85,
35. Tarikh-i- Nusrat Jangi p.2, Avqkv †eMg, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg mgvwa ¯’vcZ¨, evsjv‡`k wek^we`¨vjq
gÄyix Kwgkb, 2015, c„.204. mï Pvj©m WqÕwj, XvKvi cÖvPxb wb`k©b (G¨w›UKzBwUm Ae XvKv ), c„. 16,
36. IqvwKj Avng`; evsjvi gymwjg eyw×Rxex (1757-1800), evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1985, c„. 45
37. mï Pvj©m WqÕwj, XvKvi cÖvPxb wb`k©b (G¨w›UKzBwUm Ae XvKv ) c„. 16
Ahmad Hasan Dani, Dacca, p.105-106

38. kvgmy‡ÏŠjvi weiæ‡× Bs‡iR we‡ivax we‡`ªv‡ni ‡h Awf‡hvMcÎ †`qv n‡qwQj Gi c~Y© weeibcÎwU IqvwKj
Avng‡ì, evsjvi gymwjg eyw×Rxex (1757-1800) MÖ‡š’i cwiwkó-8 G (c„. 186 †_‡K 196) A short
account of the Conspirator Shams ul Dowla, brother in law of the Nabob Nassur ul
Molk , wk‡ivbv‡g ewY©Z Av‡Q|
39. H c„. 52
40. Bishop Reverend Reginald Heber, Narrative of a Journey through the upper Provinces
of India,(1824-26) vol.1, London,1828, pp.143-144). D×…Z, Sharif uddin Ahmed; Naib
Nazims of Dhaka And The Nimtali Place (ed.) , Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka,
2018. p.26
41. H
42. Bishop Reginald Heber, Ibid.
43. gybkx ingvb Avjx Zv‡qk, ZvIqvwi‡L XvKv ,c„. 128-129
44. H, c„. 199-200
45. we¯ÍvwiZ, Sharif uddin Ahmed (ed.) Conservation of Nimtali Deuri: A Historical and
Architectural Study, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2018. 87-88
46. Dwbk kZ‡Ki †klva© †_‡K XvKvq †Kvb& cÖwµqvi AvaywbK eyw×e„wËK RvMiY N‡UwQj –G m¤^‡Ü GKwU M‡elYvcÎ,
†`Lyb, †gv. Ggivb Rvnvb, ÔÔDwbk kZ‡Ki XvKvq eyw×e„wËK RvMiY I msev` mvgwqKcÎÓ Journal of the Historical
Research, Vol. 3, 2013, Department of History, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh.

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Conservation of Nimtoli Deuri : A Historical and Architectural Study ( Sharifuddin Ahmed,

Ahmad Hasan Dani, Dacca, p.105-106

42. Bishop Reginald Heber, Ibid.

43. gybkx ingvb Avjx Zv‡qk, ZvIqvwi‡L XvKv ,c„. 128-129

44. H, c„. 199-200

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