CURVILINEAR

MOTION
 Curvilinear motion

The motion of an object along

a curved path is called
a curvilinear motion.
 Curvilinear motion in a plane

Motion of car along a Motion of cable car along a

curved road steel cable
 Curvilinear motion in a space

Motion of roller coaster along Motion of fighter jets during

its track. national parade.
 Position
The position of particle at point A
𝑦 Particle′ s path in vector form is represented as,

A r = 𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗
r The distance of particle from
𝑦𝑗 origin is
𝑥
O 𝑥𝑖 r= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
 Displacement
The displacement of particle from
𝑦 point A to point B is

∆r = rf − ri
A
B ∆r = (𝑥B 𝑖 + 𝑦B 𝑗) − (𝑥A 𝑖 + 𝑦A 𝑗)
∆r
ri
∆r = (𝑥B −𝑥A )𝑖 + (𝑦B −𝑦A )𝑗
rf
𝑥
O ∆r = ∆𝑥𝑖 + ∆𝑦𝑗
 Magnitude & direction of displacement
∆𝑥 Magnitude:
∆𝑦 θ
𝑦 ∆r
∆r = ∆𝑥 2 + ∆𝑦 2

∆r
B Direction:
ri
rf −1
∆𝑦
𝑥
θ = tan
O
∆𝑥
 Average velocity
The average velocity of particle
𝑦 from point A to point B is given by

∆r ∆𝑥𝑖 + ∆𝑦𝑗
A vavg vavg = =
∆t ∆t
B
∆r ∆𝑥 ∆𝑦
ri vavg = 𝑖+ 𝑗
∆t ∆t
rf
𝑥
O vavg = vavg−𝑥 𝑖 + vavg−𝑦 𝑗
 Magnitude & direction of average velocity

vavg−𝑦
vavg−𝑥
θ
Magnitude:
vavg
𝑦
2 2
vavg = vavg−𝑥 + vavg−𝑦
A vavg
∆r
B Direction:
ri
rf vavg−𝑦
θ = tan−1
𝑥 vavg−𝑥
O
 Instantaneous velocity
The instantaneous velocity of
𝑦 particle at point A is given by

dr d𝑥𝑖 + d𝑦𝑗
A v= =
dt dt
v
d𝑥 d𝑦
v= 𝑖+ 𝑗
dt dt
𝑥
O v = v𝑥 𝑖 + v𝑦 𝑗
Magnitude & direction of instantaneous velocity

v𝑦
v𝑥
θ
Magnitude:
v
𝑦 2
v= v𝑥 2 + v𝑦
A

v Direction:

−1
v𝑦
θ = tan
𝑥 v𝑥
O
 Average acceleration

vB
B vB
B
vA
vA

A vB aavg
A ∆v
-vA
∆v
 Average acceleration
The average acceleration of particle
𝑦 from point A to point B is given by
vB
B
vA ∆v ∆v𝑥 𝑖 + ∆v𝑦 𝑗
aavg = =
∆t ∆t
aavg
A ∆v𝑥 ∆v𝑦
∆v aavg = 𝑖+ 𝑗
∆t ∆t
𝑥
O aavg = aavg−𝑥 𝑖 + aavg−𝑦 𝑗
Magnitude & direction of average acceleration
Magnitude:
𝑦 vB
B 2 2
vA aavg = aavg−𝑥 + aavg−𝑦
aavg−𝑥
A aavg−𝑦
θ Direction:
aavg
aavg−𝑦
𝑥 θ = tan−1
O aavg−𝑥
 Instantaneous acceleration
The instantaneous acceleration of
𝑦 particle at point A is
vA
dv dv𝑥 𝑖 + dv𝑦 𝑗
a= =
A dt dt

dv𝑥 dv𝑦
a a= 𝑖+ 𝑗
dt dt
𝑥
O
a = a𝑥 𝑖 + a𝑦 𝑗
Magnitude & direction of instantaneous acceleration

Magnitude:
𝑦 vA
2 2
a= a𝑥 + a𝑦
A a𝑥

Direction:
θ

a𝑦 a
a𝑦
O
𝑥 θ = tan−1
a𝑥
Tangential & normal component of acceleration

at = tangential componet of
acceleration

v It changes the speed of particle

at
A a an = normal componet of
an acceleration

It changes the direction of particle

 Tangential & normal component of acceleration

Speed is constant Speed is increasing Speed is decreasing

v v v
at
A A a A
at an
a = an an

a
Thank
you