Solved Problems On Beam - Column

Adama Science and Technology University Department of Civil Engineering 2022 GC
Solved Problems on Beam-Column
1) Check the adequacy of a 203 x 203 x 46 UKC with steel grade S-275 as shown in figure
below to resist combined bending and compression
Properties of 203 x 203 x 46 UKC section
h = 203.2 mm. dw = 160.8 mm b = 203.6 mm.
ft = 11 mm. tw = 7.2 mm. r = 10.2 mm
iy = 8.82 cm iz = 5.13 cm. A = 58.7 cm2
Wely = 450 cm3 Welz = 152 cm3 Wpl,y = 497 cm3
Wpl,z = 213 cm3 IT = 22.2 cm4 Iw = 0.143 dm6
Step - 1. Classification of section

For outstand element flange
Steel ratio ε = √ =√ = 0.92
( )
For class 1 limit: = 9 ∈ => 8 < 9 x 0.92 = 8< 8.28
the flange is satisfy class I condition
Internal element of web
For class 2 limit: = = 22.33 and α = 0.5[1+ ]
= 0.5 x [1 + ] = 1.35
Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

For α > 0.5, = => 22.33 < 25.35 ok!
The web is satisfy the class II condition

Therefor the overall class is designed for class 2
Step – 2: For uniform compression Resistance
≤1
The design resistance of the cross section for compression (
= = = 1614.3KN and = 540KN
≤ 1.0 => 0.34 < 1.0 ok!
Step- 3: Check for the cross section

The design plastic moment for the major axis (y-y)
= = x = 136.7KNm
The design plastic moment for the major axis (z-z)
= = x = 63.5KNm
Step- 4: Check for combined axial and moment resistance
+ + =
+ + = 0.72 ok!
Therefore, the section satisfies for axial and moment in both axis
Step – 5: Check axial force on bending moment capacity along both axis
For bending about y-y axis both criteria must be satisfied for the effect of the axial
compression to be neglected if:
0.25 and
0.25 X 1614.3 = 403.6 KN < 540 KN. Not ok!

As this verification fails, the second verification does no need to be carried out.
Therefore, the effect of the axial force needs to be allowed for in bending about the y-
y axis.
For bending about z-z axis, the effect of the axial compression force may be neglected

if:
= = 318.384 < 590 KN
Therefore, the effect of the axial force needs to be allowed for in bending about the z-z
axis.
Step- 6: Design plastic moment resistance reduced due to effect of the axial force may be
found using the following approximations.
( ) but
= 0.35
= but a < 0.5
= 0.24 < 0.5
( )= 100.97KNm < 136.7KNm ok!
,
If n
If n > a
[1 - ( )
[1 - ( ) = 62.2KNm
For members subjected to biaxial bending, the following equation is verify:
( ) +( ) ≤ 1.0 for I and H sections: α = 2; β = 5n but β ≥ 1
β = 5 x n = 5 x 0.35 = 1.75 >1 ok!
( ) +( ) = 0.169 < 1.0 ok!
Therefore, the section is adequate for the resistance to combined bending and axial force
Step - 7: Verification of the stability of the member

7.1: Buckling Resistance
≤

for class 1 and 2
= 93.9 ε = 93.9 x 0.92 = 86.39
Slenderness ration for flexural buckling ̅ = √ = ( )√
Buckling about major axis (y-y)
̅ =( )√ 0.65 ≥ 0.2 and = 0.34> 0.04
Hence buckling resistance need to be calculated and the appropriate buckling curve
depends on h/ b and steel grade determined as follow:
= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

Therefore, refer buckling curve b for y-y axis αy = 0.34
Reduction factor (𝜒y)
χy =
√ ̅
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) + ̅
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.65 – 0.2) + ] = 0.78
χy = = 0.82 <1.0
√
Buckling about minor axis (z-z)
̅ =( )√ = 1.13 and = 034> 0.04
= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

Therefore, refer buckling curve C for z-z axis αy = 0.49

Χz =
√ ̅
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) +̅̅̅
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(1.13 – 0.2) + ] = 1.37
Χz = = 0.47 < 1.0

√
Take the least value χ = 0.47
= = = 758.69KNm > 540KNm Ok!
Therefore, the section is adequate for the resistance for flexural bucking
7.2: Lateral torsional
≤ => bending about major axis
Reduction factor for slenderness (𝜒LT) for general case
𝜒 = and
√
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) + ̅
For doubly symmetrical sections with ‘normal support’ conditions at the ends of the
member and a linear bending moment diagram Mcr may be determined from:
= C1 √
= 1283364.399
= = 9237.72
= 81000*22.2* = 1.798* and

C1 = 1.77 for Ψ = 0 see page 29 ppt
= 1.77* √
= 345.7KNm
Slenderness ration for lateral torsional ̅ = √ but for class 1 and 2
=> ̅ =√ =√ = 0.63 > 0.4
= = 0.999 < 1.2

Therefore, refer buckling curve b for both axis αy = 0.34
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.63 – 0.2) + ] = 0.77
𝜒 = = 1.03 > 1
√
Then, 𝜒 = 1.0
= = = 136.7KNm > 100.97 > 40KNm Ok!
Step – 9: Check for uniform members in bending and axial compression
+ +
+ +
kyy, kzz, KZY and KYZ are interaction factors

From the bending moment diagram for both y-y and z-z axis ψ = 0. Then the equivalent
uniform moment factor for uniform loading Cmy, Cmz and CMlT = is equal to 0.6 + 0.4ψ ≥
0.4 (see table B – 1 in appendix, page No. 97)
Therefore, cmy = cmz = cmLT = 0.6 + (0.4 x 0) = 0.6

For members susceptible to torsional deformations, the below expressions are used. Because
the section is universal I section.
= {1+ ( ̅ – 0.2) ( 𝜒 ) {1 + 0.8( 𝜒 )}
= 0.6{1+ (0.65– 0.2) ( ) {1 + 0.8( )} = 0.8
Therefore = 0.71
= {1+ ( ̅ – 0.6) ( ) {1 + 1.4( 𝜒 )}

𝜒
= 0.6{1+ (2 x 1.13 – 0.6) ( ) {1 + 1.4( )}
= 1.2
Therefore = 1.2
= 0.6 X = 0.6 x 1.2 = 0.72
̅
As ̅ 0.4, =1– ( ) (𝜒 ) 1– ( ) (𝜒 )
= 1– ( )( ) = 0.77 1 – ( )( ) = 0.8
Therefore = 0.8
Substituting the values in above equation
+ 0.71 x + 0.72 x
+ 0.8 x + 1.2 x
Therefore, the section is adequate under combined axial, bending and lateral torsional but critical
stage!

2) Design the column between axis A and B shown in Figure below for S275 steel
grade which carry the design axial compression load of 377KN and design factor
loads ( ) in the form of reaction from beam 1, 2 and 3 are 37 KN, 147 KN and 28
KN respectively. Assume the column is continuous and nominally pinned at the
base. Also the beams are connected to the column flange by flexible end plates
Section X – X
Step-1: - Determine design loads

 Design compression load Ned = 377KN (given)
 Total axial load = 37 + 147 + 28 + 377 = 589 KN
Step – 3:- Required area of section, assume the section is Class 1 or 2
= = = = = 2141.81mm2 = 21.45cm2
Let’s select trial section 203 x 203 x 46 UKC section having growth area of 58.7cm2 and
has the following properties
Properties of 203 x 203 x 46 UKC section
h = 203.2 mm. dw = 160.8 mm b = 203.6 mm.
ft = 11 mm. tw = 7.2 mm. r = 10.2 mm
iy = 8.82 cm iz = 5.13 cm. A = 58.7 cm2
Wely = 450 cm3 Welz = 152 cm3 Wpl,y = 497 cm3
Wpl,z = 213 cm3 IT = 22.2 cm4 Iw = 0.143 dm6

Step – 3:- Required Bending moment from major and minor axis due to eccentrically
loaded reaction force
 MyEd = 147 x 203.2/2 = 14.93 KNm
 MzEd = (37-28) x 7.2/2 = 0.0324 KNm
Step – 4: Classification of section

For outstand element flange
Steel ratio ε = √ =√ = 0.92
( )
For class 1 limit: = 9 ∈ => 8 < 9 x 0.92 = 8< 8.28
the flange is satisfy class I condition
Internal element of web
For class 2 limit: = = 22.33 and α = 0.5[1+ ]
= 0.5 x [1 + ] = 1.43
For α > 0.5, = => 22.33 < 23.84 ok!
The web is satisfy the class 2 condition

Therefor the overall class is designed for class 2
Step – 5: For uniform compression Resistance
≤1
The design resistance of the cross section for compression (
= = = 1614.3KN and = 540KN
≤ 1.0 => 0.365 < 1.0 ok!
Step- 6: Check for the cross section

The design plastic moment for the major axis (y-y)
= = x = 136.7KNm

The design plastic moment for the major axis (z-z)
= = x = 63.5KNm
Step- 7: Check for combined axial and moment resistance
+ + =
+ + = 0.46 ok!
Therefore, the section satisfies for axial and moment in both axis
Step – 8: Check axial force on bending moment capacity along both axis
For bending about y-y axis both criteria must be satisfied for the effect of the axial
compression to be neglected if:
0.25 and
0.25 X 1614.3 = 403.6 KN < 540 KN. Not ok!

As this verification fails, the second verification does no need to be carried out.
Therefore, the effect of the axial force needs to be allowed for in bending about the y-
y axis.
For bending about z-z axis, the effect of the axial compression force may be neglected
if:
= = 318.384 < 590 KN
Therefore, the effect of the axial force needs to be allowed for in bending about the z-z
axis.
Step- 9: Design plastic moment resistance reduced due to effect of the axial force may be
found using the following approximations.
( ) but
= 0.365
= but a < 0.5
= 0.24 < 0.5
( )= 97.9KNm < 136.7KNm ok!

If n
If n > a
[1 - ( )
[1 - ( ) = 61.6KNm
For members subjected to biaxial bending, the following equation is verify:
( ) +( ) ≤ 1.0 for I and H sections: α = 2; β = 5n but β ≥ 1
β = 5 x n = 5 x 0.365 = 1.85 >1 ok!
( ) +( ) = 0.023 < 1.0 ok!
Therefore, the section is adequate for the resistance to combined bending and axial force
Step - 10: Verification of the stability of the member

10.1: Buckling Resistance
≤
for class 1 and 2
= 93.9 ε = 93.9 x 0.92 = 86.39
Slenderness ration for flexural buckling ̅ = √ = ( )√
Buckling about major axis (y-y)
̅ =( )√ 0.65 ≥ 0.2 and = 0.365 > 0.04
= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

Therefore, refer buckling curve b for y-y axis αy = 0.34

χy =
√ ̅
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) + ̅
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.65 – 0.2) + ] = 0.78
χy = = 0.82 <1.0
√
Buckling about minor axis (z-z)
̅ =( )√ = 1.13 and = 0365> 0.04
= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

Therefore, refer buckling curve C for z-z axis αy = 0.49
Χz =
√ ̅
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) +̅̅̅
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(1.13 – 0.2) + ] = 1.37
Χz = = 0.47 < 1.0

√
Take the least value χ = 0.47
= = = 761.3KNm > 589KNm Ok!
Therefore, the section is adequate for the resistance for flexural bucking

10.2: Lateral torsional

≤ => bending about major axis
Reduction factor for slenderness (𝜒LT) for general case
𝜒 = and
√
= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) + ̅
For doubly symmetrical sections with ‘normal support’ conditions at the ends of the
member and a linear bending moment diagram Mcr may be determined from:
= C1 √
= 1283364.399
= = 9237.72
= 81000*22.2* = 1.798* and
C1 = 1.77 for Ψ = 0 see page 29 ppt
= 1.77* √
= 345.7KNm
Slenderness ration for lateral torsional ̅ = √ but for class 1 and 2
=> ̅ =√ =√ = 0.63 > 0.4
= = 0.999 < 1.2

Therefore, refer buckling curve b for both axis αy = 0.34

= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.63 – 0.2) + ] = 0.77
𝜒 = = 1.03 > 1
√
Then, 𝜒 = 1.0
= = = 136.7KNm > 100.97 > 14.93KNm Ok!
Step – 11: Check for uniform members in bending and axial compression
+ +
+ +
kyy, kzz, KZY and KYZ are interaction factors

From the bending moment diagram for both y-y and z-z axis ψ = 0. Then the equivalent
uniform moment factor for uniform loading Cmy, Cmz and CMlT = is equal to 0.6 + 0.4ψ ≥ 0.4
(see table B – 1 in appendix, page No. 97)
Therefore, cmy = cmz = cmLT = 0.6 + (0.4 x 0) = 0.6
For members susceptible to torsional deformations, the below expressions are used. Because
the section is universal I section.
= {1+ ( ̅ – 0.2) ( 𝜒 ) {1 + 0.8( 𝜒 )} From table B- 1 Page

no. 69, EBCS 2015
= 0.6{1+ (0.65– 0.2) ( ) {1 + 0.8( )} =
0.82
Therefore = 0.73
= {1+ ( ̅ – 0.6) ( ) {1 + 1.4( 𝜒 )}

𝜒
= 0.6{1+ (2 x 1.13 – 0.6) ( ) {1 + 1.4( )}

= 1.25
Therefore = 1.25
= 0.6 X = 0.6 x 1.25 = 0.75
̅
As ̅ 0.4, =1– ( ) (𝜒 ) 1– ( ) (𝜒 )
= 1– ( )( ) = 0.75 1– ( )( ) = 0.78
Therefore = 0.78
Substituting the values in above equation
+ 0.73 + x
+ +
Therefore, the section is adequate under combined axial, bending and lateral torsional.

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Adama Science and Technology University Department of Civil Engineering 2022 GC

Solved Problems on Beam-Column

Properties of 203 x 203 x 46 UKC section

h = 203.2 mm. dw = 160.8 mm b = 203.6 mm.

ft = 11 mm. tw = 7.2 mm. r = 10.2 mm

iy = 8.82 cm iz = 5.13 cm. A = 58.7 cm2

Wely = 450 cm3 Welz = 152 cm3 Wpl,y = 497 cm3

Wpl,z = 213 cm3 IT = 22.2 cm4 Iw = 0.143 dm6

Step - 1. Classification of section

Steel ratio ε = √ =√ = 0.92

the flange is satisfy class I condition

Internal element of web

For class 2 limit: = = 22.33 and α = 0.5[1+ ]

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

For α > 0.5, = => 22.33 < 25.35 ok!

The web is satisfy the class II condition

Step – 2: For uniform compression Resistance

The design resistance of the cross section for compression (

= = = 1614.3KN and = 540KN

≤ 1.0 => 0.34 < 1.0 ok!

Step- 3: Check for the cross section

The design plastic moment for the major axis (z-z)

Step- 4: Check for combined axial and moment resistance

0.25 X 1614.3 = 403.6 KN < 540 KN. Not ok!

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

= = 318.384 < 590 KN

= but a < 0.5

= 0.24 < 0.5

( )= 100.97KNm < 136.7KNm ok!

( ) +( ) ≤ 1.0 for I and H sections: α = 2; β = 5n but β ≥ 1

β = 5 x n = 5 x 0.35 = 1.75 >1 ok!

( ) +( ) = 0.169 < 1.0 ok!

Step - 7: Verification of the stability of the member

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

for class 1 and 2

= 93.9 ε = 93.9 x 0.92 = 86.39

Slenderness ration for flexural buckling ̅ = √ = ( )√

Buckling about major axis (y-y)

̅ =( )√ 0.65 ≥ 0.2 and = 0.34> 0.04

= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.65 – 0.2) + ] = 0.78

Buckling about minor axis (z-z)

̅ =( )√ = 1.13 and = 034> 0.04

= = 0.999 < 1.2 and tf = 11mm < 100mm

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

= 0.5[1 + ( ̅ – 0.2) +̅̅̅

= 0.5[1 + 0.49(1.13 – 0.2) + ] = 1.37

Χz = = 0.47 < 1.0

Take the least value χ = 0.47

= = = 758.69KNm > 540KNm Ok!

= 81000*22.2* = 1.798* and

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

C1 = 1.77 for Ψ = 0 see page 29 ppt

Slenderness ration for lateral torsional ̅ = √ but for class 1 and 2

=> ̅ =√ =√ = 0.63 > 0.4

= = 0.999 < 1.2

= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.63 – 0.2) + ] = 0.77

= = = 136.7KNm > 100.97 > 40KNm Ok!

Step – 9: Check for uniform members in bending and axial compression

kyy, kzz, KZY and KYZ are interaction factors

Steel and Timber Structure By: Melkamu E. (M.Sc.)

= {1+ ( ̅ – 0.2) ( 𝜒 ) {1 + 0.8( 𝜒 )}

= 0.6{1+ (0.65– 0.2) ( ) {1 + 0.8( )} = 0.8

= 8100022.2 = 1.798* and

= 8100022.2 = 1.798* and