Damped Oscillation

......

K
----

wereat--
A
-

- -

- -

- -

-
k
-
kx-bV : ma
&

br i + b + x = O
+
V

si + 2Bx + 28x = .
0

TL 2A
-
(under &
dampene x
(Ase - Bt) Sin (c + +
8)
W
==
T' > To (= ) -(m)
f' <fo C =
Wok-p2 < Wo
 "
Amplitude of oscillation at
any
time

A : Ao
eftm) +

at + + 0 A = 0
-
Y
,
A :
Ao e

t -0 A = Ao
at
:
-

, T

+ /5

in
↳
A = As e
Ap >
-

-t

i
 for small
damping
.
W = Wo

'
T = To

=' = Fo

danying
I
↓-↓
underdamped overdamped
critically
damped
b > 2 mk
t b c 2/k b = 2 Mk

System
comes
>
-

System oscillates
>
-
System come

eque without
>
- to

with eque without

to
not as
oscillating
using amplitude
.
oscillating in min in
time quicker as
 critical
-
Frequency of oscillation
↑
by = Fd damping

# Ebofoe
is less than that
of
Oscillation
↳
undamped -

but is constant
Fact
kx

t eq of motion. : -

Fust > Feel

x : A e-mt Sin (07 + &

A =
As
e-31m) +
- Amplitude
Ase with time
.

xi A sin (ct + 9) .
= (E) -[m)2 < wo .

T =
za FTo <Fo
for small
damping (b (k)

of oscillation is given by
Energy

E :
E K A2
- t
[K As e
m
= . E
↳

E : Eo e-Ent Ep .

Es :
Energy of oscillation

at t = 0 -

t
 Oscillation
Forced
:

Fo Sin Co't
- mi + bis + Ex :

Sinco't
+ i + (En)x : .

state will be
See of this eq at
steady

x = A sin (W"t -d)

sing
b
=

Fo
A :

m ( 8 - "2)2 + b >"
When the damping is small, the forced oscillations reach their maximum displacement amplitude when
the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency. This condition is known as resonance and the
corresponding frequency is called the resonant angular frequency.