“ONSHORE DRILLING RIG”

The onshore drilling rigs are generally designed on the principle of

mast in centilever, which facilitates the transportation and
assembly of equipment. The derrick is transported in sections to
the site where the drilling is to be done, said sections are
assembled horizontally on the ground and then, with the help of
the maltrate it is raised to a vertical position. The Blow out
preventors (BOP) valves are placed directly on the drilling shaft,
under the already erected tower, and thus the drilling fluid can
circulate and the drill pipe string can enter and exit.
To drill the well:
 The drill bit or drill bit, pushed by the weight of the string
and the flanges on it, presses against the ground.
 Drilling mud ("mud") is pumped into the drill pipe, which
returns through the outside of it, allowing the cooling and
lubrication of the drill bit.
 The trephine is rotated, either by turning the drill string or
by a bottom motor or both at the same time.
 The drilling mud helps to raise the ground rock to the surface.
 The surface mud is filtered of impurities and debris to be pumped back to the well.
It is very important to monitor possible abnormalities in the return fluid, to avoid
water hammer, produced when the pressure on the drill increases or decreases
sharply.
 The drilling line or string is gradually lengthened incorporating approximately every
10 meters a new section of pipe on the surface.