EYE

Sure, here are 30 situational questions with multiple choices based on the provided transcript:

1. What protects the eyes within the bony orbits?

- a) Fat pads

- b) Muscle tissues

- c) Connective tissues

- d) Adipose tissues

- **Correct Answer:** a) Fat pads

2. Which part of the eye is the main refracting surface?

- a) Lens

- b) Cornea

- c) Retina

- d) Sclera

- **Correct Answer:** b) Cornea

3. What happens to the lens when a cataract forms?

- a) It becomes more curved

- b) It turns yellow

- c) It becomes cloudy

- d) It thickens

- **Correct Answer:** c) It becomes cloudy

4. What is the role of the conjunctiva?

- a) To produce aqueous humor

- b) To serve as a barrier to the external environment

- c) To refract light

- d) To move the eye

 - **Correct Answer:** b) To serve as a barrier to the external environment

5. Which condition is caused by a rise in fluid pressure in the eye?

- a) Cataract

- b) Retinal detachment

- c) Glaucoma

- d) Astigmatism

- **Correct Answer:** c) Glaucoma

6. Which part of the eye contains the photoreceptors?

- a) Sclera

- b) Cornea

- c) Retina

- d) Iris

- **Correct Answer:** c) Retina

7. What are the roles of rods in the eye?

- a) Color vision

- b) Visual acuity

- c) Peripheral and low light vision

- d) Refraction of light

- **Correct Answer:** c) Peripheral and low light vision

8. What is the function of the macula in the eye?

- a) Refracting light

- b) Focusing on distant objects

- c) Providing the best vision location in the retina

- d) Producing aqueous humor

- **Correct Answer:** c) Providing the best vision location in the retina

9. What characterizes a nuclear cataract?

- a) Opacity in the center of the lens

- b) Cloudiness at the anterior cortex

- c) Posterior subcapsular opacity

- d) Caused by trauma

- **Correct Answer:** a) Opacity in the center of the lens

10. Which risk factor is most commonly associated with cataract formation?

- a) Genetic mutations

- b) Trauma

- c) Aging

- d) Infection

- **Correct Answer:** c) Aging

11. Which clinical manifestation is the hallmark sign of cataracts?

- a) Double vision

- b) Painless and blurred vision

- c) Redness and irritation

- d) Sharp pain

- **Correct Answer:** b) Painless and blurred vision

12. What causes myopic shift in patients with cataracts?

- a) Decrease in lens opacity

- b) Increase in lens transparency

- c) Changes in the nucleus of the lenses

- d) Decrease in nearsightedness

- **Correct Answer:** c) Changes in the nucleus of the lenses

13. Which condition involves double vision in one eye?

- a) Astigmatism

- b) Mononuclear diplopia

- c) Hyperopia

- d) Presbyopia

- **Correct Answer:** b) Mononuclear diplopia

14. What is the effect of aging on the lens protein that leads to cataract formation?

- a) Increased protein synthesis

- b) Breakdown and aggregation of protein

- c) Improved oxygen uptake

- d) Decreased sodium levels

- **Correct Answer:** b) Breakdown and aggregation of protein

15. Which part of the eye supplies blood and oxygen to the outer retina?

- a) Cornea

- b) Sclera

- c) Choroid

- d) Vitreous humor

- **Correct Answer:** c) Choroid

16. What type of cataract is related to age?

- a) Traumatic cataract

- b) Congenital cataract

- c) Senile cataract

- d) Cortical cataract

- **Correct Answer:** c) Senile cataract

17. What is the main cause of cataracts in patients with Down syndrome?
 - a) Ocular infections

- b) Genetic mutations

- c) Abnormal lens development

- d) High blood sugar levels

- **Correct Answer:** c) Abnormal lens development

18. What describes the role of cones in the eye?

- a) Night vision

- b) Peripheral vision

- c) Visual acuity and color discrimination

- d) Refracting light

- **Correct Answer:** c) Visual acuity and color discrimination

19. What leads to a decrease in visual acuity in patients with cataracts?

- a) Thinning of the retina

- b) Density of the cataract

- c) Increase in vitreous humor

- d) Changes in pupil size

- **Correct Answer:** b) Density of the cataract

20. What is the characteristic of a brunesson cataract?

- a) Blue coloration

- b) Yellow coloration

- c) Brown coloration

- d) Green coloration

- **Correct Answer:** c) Brown coloration

21. What is the primary effect of astigmatism on vision?

- a) Reduced night vision

 - b) Irregular curvature of the cornea causing refractive error

- c) Cloudiness of the lens

- d) Blocked tear ducts

- **Correct Answer:** b) Irregular curvature of the cornea causing refractive error

22. What part of the eye acts as the camera's "film" in the visual process?

- a) Cornea

- b) Lens

- c) Retina

- d) Optic nerve

- **Correct Answer:** c) Retina

23. What is the role of the optic nerve?

- a) Refracts light

- b) Produces aqueous humor

- c) Transmits visual impulses to the brain

- d) Protects the eye from infections

- **Correct Answer:** c) Transmits visual impulses to the brain

24. What age-related change in the eye can lead to cataract formation?

- a) Decrease in sodium levels

- b) Increase in vitamin C levels

- c) Increase in calcium and sodium levels

- d) Decrease in glucose levels

- **Correct Answer:** c) Increase in calcium and sodium levels

25. What visual condition is characterized by difficulty seeing in dimly lit environments?

- a) Myopia

- b) Hyperopia
 - c) Night blindness (associated with rod dysfunction)

- d) Color blindness

- **Correct Answer:** c) Night blindness (associated with rod dysfunction)

26. Which component of the eye produces the aqueous humor?

- a) Iris

- b) Retina

- c) Ciliary body

- d) Choroid

- **Correct Answer:** c) Ciliary body

27. What is the primary cause of light scattering in cataracts?

- a) Increased oxygen uptake

- b) Accumulation of yellow-brown pigment

- c) Loss of lens transparency

- d) Increased protein levels

- **Correct Answer:** b) Accumulation of yellow-brown pigment

28. Which visual disorder is characterized by sensitivity to glare?

- a) Astigmatism

- b) Cataracts

- c) Myopia

- d) Hyperopia

- **Correct Answer:** b) Cataracts

29. What is the significance of the vitreous humor in the eye?

- a) It refracts light

- b) It produces tears

- c) It makes up 80% of the eye's volume

 - d) It provides nutrients to the cornea

- **Correct Answer:** c) It makes up 80% of the eye's volume

30. What type of cataract is commonly associated with prolonged use of corticosteroids?

- a) Nuclear cataract

- b) Cortical cataract

- c) Posterior subcapsular cataract

- d) Traumatic cataract

- **Correct Answer:** c) Posterior subcapsular cataract

These questions are designed to test knowledge of eye anatomy, disorders, and their management as
described in the transcript.

Here are 30 situational questions with multiple choices, including the correct answers:

### Cataract Surgery Questions

1. **Which method is used in extracapsular cataract surgery?**

- A. LASIK

- B. Phacoemulsification

- C. PRK

- D. RK

- **Correct Answer: B. Phacoemulsification**

2. **What is removed during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)?**

- A. Entire lens

- B. Only the posterior capsule

- C. Anterior capsule and lens nucleus

- D. Cornea

- **Correct Answer: C. Anterior capsule and lens nucleus**

3. **What substance is injected to facilitate intraocular lens insertion during cataract surgery?**

- A. Saline

- B. Viscoelastic substance

- C. Antibiotics

- D. Steroids

- **Correct Answer: B. Viscoelastic substance**

4. **Which is NOT a lens replacement option after cataract surgery?**

- A. Intraocular lens (IOL)

- B. Contact lenses

- C. Glasses

- D. LASIK

- **Correct Answer: D. LASIK**

5. **What is the most common approach for lens replacement after cataract extraction?**

- A. Glasses

- B. Contact lenses

- C. Intraocular lens (IOL) implants

- D. No replacement

- **Correct Answer: C. Intraocular lens (IOL) implants**

6. **What should be held if a patient is taking an anticoagulant before cataract surgery?**

- A. Antibiotics

- B. Anticoagulants

- C. Vitamins

- D. Painkillers

- **Correct Answer: B. Anticoagulants**

7. **Which medication can cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome?**

- A. Aspirin

- B. Tamsulosin

- C. Metformin

- D. Prednisone

- **Correct Answer: B. Tamsulosin**

8. **Which medication is used to prevent postoperative infection and inflammation?**

- A. Beta-blockers

- B. Antibiotics, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory eye drops

- C. Insulin

- D. Antihistamines

- **Correct Answer: B. Antibiotics, corticosteroids, and anti-inflammatory eye drops**

9. **What should a patient wear immediately after cataract surgery to protect their eyes?**

- A. Glasses

- B. Contact lenses

- C. Eye shield or patch

- D. Nothing

- **Correct Answer: C. Eye shield or patch**

10. **What activity should be avoided to prevent an increase in intraocular pressure post-surgery?**

- A. Watching TV

- B. Reading

- C. Lifting heavy objects

- D. Walking

- **Correct Answer: C. Lifting heavy objects**

### Glaucoma Questions

11. **What characterizes glaucoma?**

- A. Low blood pressure

- B. Elevated intraocular pressure

- C. Increased blood sugar levels

- D. Decreased intraocular pressure

- **Correct Answer: B. Elevated intraocular pressure**

12. **What can untreated glaucoma lead to?**

- A. Cataracts

- B. Retinal detachment

- C. Optic nerve damage

- D. Corneal abrasion

- **Correct Answer: C. Optic nerve damage**

13. **Which fluid's congestion leads to optic nerve damage in glaucoma?**

- A. Blood

- B. Vitreous humor

- C. Aqueous humor

- D. Tears

- **Correct Answer: C. Aqueous humor**

14. **What is the role of the aqueous humor in the eye?**

- A. Providing nutrition to the lens and cornea

- B. Lubricating the eyeball

- C. Maintaining blood flow

- D. Refracting light

- **Correct Answer: A. Providing nutrition to the lens and cornea**

15. **What is the normal intraocular pressure (IOP) range?**

- A. 0-10 mm Hg

- B. 10-21 mm Hg

- C. 21-30 mm Hg

- D. 30-40 mm Hg

- **Correct Answer: B. 10-21 mm Hg**

16. **Which factor does NOT affect intraocular pressure?**

- A. Aqueous humor production rate

- B. Resistance of aqueous humor outflow

- C. Venous pressure of episcleral veins

- D. Blood glucose levels

- **Correct Answer: D. Blood glucose levels**

17. **Which systemic condition can increase intraocular pressure?**

- A. Diabetes

- B. Hypertension

- C. Hypotension

- D. Hyperthyroidism

- **Correct Answer: A. Diabetes**

18. **What is NOT a complication of glaucoma?**

- A. Optic nerve damage

- B. Cataract formation

- C. Retinal detachment

- D. Loss of peripheral vision

- **Correct Answer: B. Cataract formation**

19. **What is the first-line treatment for controlling glaucoma?**

 - A. Surgery

- B. Oral medications

- C. Eye drops

- D. Laser treatment

- **Correct Answer: C. Eye drops**

20. **What is the purpose of trabecular meshwork in the eye?**

- A. Producing aqueous humor

- B. Draining aqueous humor

- C. Providing vision clarity

- D. Refracting light

- **Correct Answer: B. Draining aqueous humor**

### Nursing Management Questions

21. **Which preoperative test is NOT commonly performed before cataract surgery?**

- A. CBC

- B. ECG

- C. Urinalysis

- D. MRI

- **Correct Answer: D. MRI**

22. **What type of medication should be held to avoid intraoperative floppy iris syndrome?**

- A. Beta-blockers

- B. Alpha antagonists (e.g., Tamsulosin)

- C. Diuretics

- D. Antidepressants

- **Correct Answer: B. Alpha antagonists (e.g., Tamsulosin)**

23. **What should patients be instructed to avoid after cataract surgery?**

- A. Reading

- B. Walking

- C. Watching TV

- D. Heavy lifting

- **Correct Answer: D. Heavy lifting**

24. **What type of medication can be given to reduce inflammation after cataract surgery?**

- A. Antibiotics

- B. Corticosteroids

- C. Pain relievers

- D. Antihistamines

- **Correct Answer: B. Corticosteroids**

25. **Which condition indicates a complication post-cataract surgery?**

- A. Mild discomfort

- B. Redness and pain

- C. Slight itching

- D. Temporary blurred vision

- **Correct Answer: B. Redness and pain**

26. **Which is NOT a typical postoperative instruction for cataract surgery?**

- A. Avoid rubbing the eye

- B. Use an eye shield at night

- C. Lift heavy objects to strengthen vision

- D. Wear sunglasses during the day

- **Correct Answer: C. Lift heavy objects to strengthen vision**

27. **What should patients use to protect their eyes immediately after cataract surgery?**
 - A. Regular eyeglasses

- B. Contact lenses

- C. Eye patch or shield

- D. No protection needed

- **Correct Answer: C. Eye patch or shield**

28. **Which medication can be used for mild discomfort after cataract surgery?**

- A. Ibuprofen

- B. Acetaminophen

- C. Aspirin

- D. Naproxen

- **Correct Answer: B. Acetaminophen**

29. **Which activity should be avoided to prevent an increase in intraocular pressure after cataract
surgery?**

- A. Watching TV

- B. Reading

- C. Lifting heavy objects

- D. Light walking

- **Correct Answer: C. Lifting heavy objects**

30. **What complication is indicated by the presence of floaters, flashing lights, or decreased vision
after cataract surgery?**

- A. Infection

- B. Retinal detachment

- C. Dry eyes

- D. Conjunctivitis

- **Correct Answer: B. Retinal detachment**

These questions cover key concepts related to cataract surgery, glaucoma, and the associated nursing
management, providing a comprehensive review for learners.

Here are 30 multiple-choice situational questions based on the information you provided:

1. **What is one theory regarding how increased IOP can affect the optic nerve?**

- a) Chemical theory

- b) Direct mechanical theory

- c) Thermal theory

- d) Indirect optical theory

- **Correct answer: b) Direct mechanical theory**

2. **According to the direct mechanical theory, how does high IOP damage the retinal layer?**

- a) By causing inflammation

- b) By creating pressure ulcers

- c) By compressing the optic nerve head

- d) By decreasing blood flow

- **Correct answer: c) By compressing the optic nerve head**

3. **What does the indirect ischemic theory suggest about high IOP?**

- a) It increases the production of aqueous humor

- b) It enhances optic nerve function

- c) It compresses the microcirculation in the optic nerve head

- d) It improves cell regeneration

- **Correct answer: c) It compresses the microcirculation in the optic nerve head**

4. **To ensure unimpeded outflow of aqueous humor, what angle should exist between the iris and
cornea?**

- a) 30 degrees

- b) 45 degrees
 - c) 60 degrees

- d) 90 degrees

- **Correct answer: b) 45 degrees**

5. **What type of glaucoma is characterized by an open and normal-appearing anterior chamber

angle?**

- a) Narrow-angle glaucoma

- b) Closed-angle glaucoma

- c) Wide-angle glaucoma

- d) Secondary glaucoma

- **Correct answer: c) Wide-angle glaucoma**

6. **Which type of glaucoma manifests with an IOP less than or equal to 21 mm Hg but with optic nerve
damage?**

- a) Ocular hypertension

- b) Acute angle closure glaucoma

- c) Normal tension glaucoma

- d) Chronic angle closure glaucoma

- **Correct answer: c) Normal tension glaucoma**

7. **What is a key symptom of acute angle closure glaucoma?**

- a) Rapidly progressive visual impairment

- b) Slow vision loss over years

- c) Absence of symptoms

- d) Bilateral vision improvement

- **Correct answer: a) Rapidly progressive visual impairment**

8. **Which medication type is preferred initially for treating glaucoma due to its efficacy in decreasing
aqueous humor production?**

- a) Beta blockers
 - b) Alpha adrenergic agonists

- c) Prostaglandin analogs

- d) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

- **Correct answer: a) Beta blockers**

9. **What are the clinical manifestations of glaucoma that often lead patients to consult a doctor?**

- a) Improved vision

- b) No symptoms at all

- c) Blurred vision and halos around lights

- d) Increased peripheral vision

- **Correct answer: c) Blurred vision and halos around lights**

10. **Which type of glaucoma is also known as pupillary block glaucoma?**

- a) Wide-angle glaucoma

- b) Normal tension glaucoma

- c) Narrow-angle glaucoma

- d) Secondary glaucoma

- **Correct answer: c) Narrow-angle glaucoma**

11. **What diagnostic test is used to measure intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients?**

- a) Ophthalmoscopy

- b) Tonometry

- c) Visual field testing

- d) MRI

- **Correct answer: b) Tonometry**

12. **Which medication class for glaucoma increases the outflow of aqueous humor through the
uveoscleral pathway?**

- a) Beta blockers
 - b) Alpha adrenergic agonists

- c) Cholinergic medications

- d) Prostaglandin analogs

- **Correct answer: d) Prostaglandin analogs**

13. **What is the hallmark sign of glaucoma?**

- a) Loss of peripheral vision

- b) Increased central visual acuity

- c) Constant ocular pain

- d) Complete blindness

- **Correct answer: a) Loss of peripheral vision**

14. **What is a common manifestation of subacute angle closure glaucoma?**

- a) Severe ocular pain

- b) Temporary blurring of vision and halos around lights

- c) Sudden total vision loss

- d) No symptoms

- **Correct answer: b) Temporary blurring of vision and halos around lights**

15. **Which glaucoma type involves progression of significant visual field loss and potential
enlargement of the optic cup?**

- a) Acute angle closure glaucoma

- b) Chronic angle closure glaucoma

- c) Wide-angle glaucoma

- d) Ocular hypertension

- **Correct answer: b) Chronic angle closure glaucoma**

16. **How is chronic angle closure glaucoma characterized in terms of optic cup changes?**

- a) Shrinking of the optic cup

 - b) Enlargement of the optic cup

- c) No changes in the optic cup

- d) Disappearance of the optic cup

- **Correct answer: b) Enlargement of the optic cup**

17. **What is a critical aspect of managing glaucoma?**

- a) Curing the disease completely

- b) Preventing damage to the optic nerve and maintaining IOP within range

- c) Using only surgical methods

- d) Temporary treatment until symptoms resolve

- **Correct answer: b) Preventing damage to the optic nerve and maintaining IOP within range**

18. **What is the initial step in pharmacologic management of glaucoma?**

- a) Treating both eyes simultaneously

- b) Using surgical methods first

- c) Treating one eye and using the other as a control

- d) Avoiding medications

- **Correct answer: c) Treating one eye and using the other as a control**

19. **Which beta blocker is commonly used for initial treatment in glaucoma?**

- a) Timolol

- b) Epinephrine

- c) Latanoprost

- d) Acetazolamide

- **Correct answer: a) Timolol**

20. **What class of medication is Acetazolamide, and what does it do for glaucoma patients?**

- a) Beta blocker; increases aqueous humor production

- b) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; reduces aqueous humor production

 - c) Alpha adrenergic agonist; increases uveoscleral outflow

- d) Prostaglandin analog; reduces intraocular pressure

- **Correct answer: b) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; reduces aqueous humor production**

21. **In acute angle closure glaucoma, why is it considered an emergency eye condition?**

- a) It can cause rapid and irreversible vision loss

- b) It generally has no symptoms

- c) It can be treated with home remedies

- d) It always resolves on its own

- **Correct answer: a) It can cause rapid and irreversible vision loss**

22. **Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute angle closure glaucoma?**

- a) Conjunctival hyperemia

- b) Nausea and vomiting

- c) Vertically oval and unreactive pupil

- d) Increased peripheral vision

- **Correct answer: d) Increased peripheral vision**

23. **What is used in emergency management of acute angle closure glaucoma to attract excessive
water?**

- a) Beta blockers

- b) Hyperosmotics

- c) Prostaglandin analogs

- d) Alpha adrenergic agonists

- **Correct answer: b) Hyperosmotics**

24. **Which medication type causes pupillary constriction to aid in glaucoma treatment?**

- a) Beta blockers

- b) Alpha adrenergic agonists

 - c) Cholinergic medications

- d) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

- **Correct answer: c) Cholinergic medications**

25. **What is the role of the optic cup in the eye?**

- a) It provides nutrients to the cornea

- b) It produces aqueous humor

- c) It gives rise to many structures of the eye and should remain small

- d) It helps in the drainage of aqueous humor

- **Correct answer: c) It gives rise to many structures of the eye and should remain small**

26. **What diagnostic test is used to inspect the optic nerve in glaucoma patients?**

- a) MRI

- b) Tonometry

- c) Ophthalmoscopy

- d) Blood test

- **Correct answer: c) Ophthalmoscopy**

27. **What type of glaucoma is manifested by transient blurring of vision and halos around lights?**

- a) Acute angle closure glaucoma

- b) Subacute angle closure glaucoma

- c) Chronic angle closure glaucoma

- d) Normal tension glaucoma

- **Correct answer: b) Subacute angle closure glaucoma**

28. **Which of the following is a symptom associated with chronic angle closure glaucoma?**

- a) Rapid vision loss

- b) No change in optic cup size

- c) Gradual loss of peripheral vision

 - d) Complete recovery of vision

- **Correct answer: c) Gradual loss of peripheral vision

**

29. **What is the function of beta blockers in glaucoma treatment?**

- a) Increase aqueous humor production

- b) Reduce aqueous humor production

- c) Increase blood flow to the optic nerve

- d) Enhance optic nerve function

- **Correct answer: b) Reduce aqueous humor production**

30. **Which medication increases the outflow of aqueous humor in glaucoma patients?**

- a) Beta blockers

- b) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

- c) Alpha adrenergic agonists

- d) Prostaglandin analogs

- **Correct answer: d) Prostaglandin analogs**

Here are 30 situational questions based on the provided content. Each question includes multiple-choice
options, and the correct answer is indicated.

1. **During a laser iridotomy procedure for glaucoma, a surgical incision is made in the iris to release
what?**

- a) Aqueous humor

- b) Vitreous humor

- c) Blood

- d) Serous fluid

- **Correct answer: a) Aqueous humor**

2. **Which eye is also treated with pylocarpine eye drops during laser iridotomy for preventive
measures?**

- a) Affected eye only

- b) Unaffected eye only

- c) Both eyes

- d) Neither eye

- **Correct answer: b) Unaffected eye only**

3. **What is the primary function of pylocarpine eye drops in glaucoma treatment?**

- a) Increase aqueous humor production

- b) Decrease aqueous humor production

- c) Increase aqueous humor outflow

- d) Decrease blood flow to the optic nerve

- **Correct answer: c) Increase aqueous humor outflow**

4. **Laser trabeculoplasty is used to treat glaucoma by:**

- a) Reducing aqueous humor production

- b) Opening the trabecular meshwork

- c) Increasing blood flow to the retina

- d) Removing the lens

- **Correct answer: b) Opening the trabecular meshwork**

5. **What is the purpose of the canal of Schlemm in the eye?**

- a) Increase aqueous humor production

- b) Drain aqueous humor into systemic circulation

- c) Produce vitreous humor

- d) Connect the lens to the retina

- **Correct answer: b) Drain aqueous humor into systemic circulation**

6. **What complication can occur two hours after laser trabeculoplasty?**

- a) Permanent increase in intraocular pressure

- b) Transient increase in intraocular pressure

- c) Decrease in intraocular pressure

- d) Retinal detachment

- **Correct answer: b) Transient increase in intraocular pressure**

7. **Laser iridotomy is indicated for which type of glaucoma?**

- a) Open-angle glaucoma

- b) Pupillary block glaucoma

- c) Neovascular glaucoma

- d) Secondary glaucoma

- **Correct answer: b) Pupillary block glaucoma**

8. **In laser iridotomy, why is the procedure not done on patients with corneal edema?**

- a) It increases intraocular pressure

- b) It interferes with laser targeting

- c) It causes more edema

- d) It reduces aqueous humor production

- **Correct answer: b) It interferes with laser targeting**

9. **A complication of laser iridotomy that involves blurring of vision is called:**

- a) Glaucoma

- b) Uveitis

- c) Corneal burn

- d) Iridotomy closure

- **Correct answer: b) Uveitis**

10. **What surgical procedure involves creating an opening in the trabecular meshwork to drain
aqueous humor to the subconjunctival space?**

- a) Laser iridotomy

- b) Trabeculectomy

- c) Scleral buckle

- d) Vitrectomy

- **Correct answer: b) Trabeculectomy**

11. **Which condition involves separation of the retinal pigment epithelium from the sensory layer?**

- a) Macular degeneration

- b) Retinal detachment

- c) Glaucoma

- d) Cataract

- **Correct answer: b) Retinal detachment**

12. **What type of retinal detachment occurs when a hole or tear develops in the sensory retina?**

- a) Traction retinal detachment

- b) Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

- c) Exudative retinal detachment

- d) Combination retinal detachment

- **Correct answer: b) Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment**

13. **Patients with high myopia are at increased risk for which type of retinal detachment?**

- a) Exudative

- b) Tractional

- c) Rhegmatogenous

- d) Combination

- **Correct answer: c) Rhegmatogenous**

14. **Tractional retinal detachment is primarily caused by:**

- a) High myopia

- b) Vitreous hemorrhage

- c) Uveitis

- d) Macular degeneration

- **Correct answer: b) Vitreous hemorrhage**

15. **In exudative retinal detachment, the production of serous fluid under the retina is often caused
by:**

- a) Diabetic retinopathy

- b) Macular degeneration

- c) Trauma

- d) Cataract surgery

- **Correct answer: b) Macular degeneration**

16. **What is the immediate intervention for a patient experiencing a retinal detachment?**

- a) Monitor vision changes

- b) Immediate surgical intervention

- c) Administer antibiotics

- d) Apply pressure to the eye

- **Correct answer: b) Immediate surgical intervention**

17. **Which surgical procedure involves indenting the scleral wall to bring the retinal layers in contact
with each other?**

- a) Scleral buckle

- b) Vitrectomy

- c) Trabeculectomy

- d) Laser iridotomy

- **Correct answer: a) Scleral buckle**

18. **What surgical management for retinal detachment involves the use of gas bubbles or
perfluorocarbon liquids?**

- a) Scleral buckle

- b) Vitrectomy

- c) Laser trabeculoplasty

- d) Pneumatic retinopexy

- **Correct answer: d) Pneumatic retinopexy**

19. **Which age-related eye condition is characterized by the presence of drusen beneath the retina?**

- a) Glaucoma

- b) Cataract

- c) Macular degeneration

- d) Retinal detachment

- **Correct answer: c) Macular degeneration**

20. **The most common form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is:**

- a) Wet AMD

- b) Dry AMD

- c) Traction AMD

- d) Exudative AMD

- **Correct answer: b) Dry AMD**

21. **In wet AMD, the proliferation of new vessels under the retina is known as:**

- a) Neovascularization

- b) Sclerosis

- c) Hyperplasia

- d) Atrophy

- **Correct answer: a) Neovascularization**

22. **Patients with wet AMD may see straight lines as:**

- a) Curved or broken

- b) Blurry

- c) Completely invisible

- d) Doubled

- **Correct answer: a) Curved or broken**

23. **What diagnostic tool is used at home by patients to monitor the progression of AMD?**

- a) Fundus photography

- b) Fluorescein angiography

- c) Amsler grid

- d) Optical coherence tomography

- **Correct answer: c) Amsler grid**

24. **There is no known cure for which type of AMD?**

- a) Wet AMD

- b) Exudative AMD

- c) Dry AMD

- d) Neovascular AMD

- **Correct answer: c) Dry AMD**

25. **What is the target of treatment for wet AMD to inhibit abnormal blood vessel formation?**

- a) VEGF inhibitors

- b) Steroids

- c) Antibiotics

- d) Beta blockers

- **Correct answer: a) VEGF inhibitors**

26. **Which medication is a VEGF inhibitor used in the treatment of wet AMD?**

- a) Pylocarpine

- b) Ranibizumab

- c) Timolol

- d) Acetazolamide

- **Correct answer: b) Ranibizumab**

27. **In the management of AMD, patients are encouraged to use the Amsler grid to:**

- a) Test for glaucoma

- b) Monitor for visual distortions

- c) Measure intraocular pressure

- d) Detect cataract formation

- **Correct answer: b) Monitor for visual distortions**

28. **What is the role of midriatics in the evaluation of retinal conditions?**

- a) Constrict the pupil

- b) Dilate the pupil

- c) Reduce intraocular pressure

- d) Increase aqueous humor production

- **Correct answer: b) Dilate the pupil**

29. **Which test is used to view and evaluate blood vessels in the eyes?**

- a) Stereofundus photography

- b) Fluorescein angiography

- c) Optical coherence tomography

- d) Ultrasound

- **Correct answer: b) Fluorescein angiography**

30. **What is a common complication of filtering procedures for glaucoma treatment?**

- a) Cataracts

- b) Corneal edema

- c) Hypotony

- d) Vitreous hemorrhage

- **Correct answer: c) Hypotony**