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    MD1 07 Columns

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    MD1 07 Columns

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    Maverick Pete
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    MD1 07 Columns

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    Maverick Pete

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9
    Objectives ofthis Chapter After completing this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Know the significant parameters necessary in the analysis of columns such as radius of gytation, effective length, end-fixity coefficient, and slenderness ratio. 2. Determine whether a column is long or short based on the value of slenderness ratio and material properties. 3. Know how to apply common column formulas like the Euler equation, J.B. johnson equation and the Straight-Line formula. 4, Design a column with central load using an appropriate column formula, based on specified conditions. 5. Design a coluran using the Secant formula for a column with an eccentric load or using the Crooked-column formula for a coluran with a slight initial rookedness. 6 Know other column formulas from other sources, particularly from — Mechanical Engineers’ handbooks. Column — a member under compression that has a possibility to fail due to instability or “buckling” —bending sideways when compressed axially ‘The longer and slenderer the column is, the lower the safe stress that it can withstand. ‘The slendemess of a column is measured by its slendemess ratio, Lek Where L, =effective length least radius of gyration ofits cress section, rectangular moment of inertia A= crass sectional area General Classifications of Column A. Long Column This is a column in which only the modulus of elasticity of the material becomes a significant property in resisting the applied load. ®R Machine Desin 12° Sem 2072-2023 _pasamnny & It is the Euler formula predicts the failure of this column, For structural steels, the slendemess ratio of this column is: S120 B. Short Column This is a column in which both the modulus of clasticity E and the yield strength of the material determine the capacity of the column in handling a compressive load, It is the J. B. Johnson's formula predicts the failure of this column, For structural steels, the slendemess ratio ofthis column is between: Note: Members under compression with slendemess ratio les than 30 are regarded as “short compression members” (SCM) only. When loaded to an axial compressive load, they have-no possibility to fail by buckling 4 Stenderness Ratio, Ths reeset the Fatio Bees the equivalent o eteclve logivel be alana tote ads ofaynuon of its cross-sectional area, For structural steels, = the column is “long” ifthe slendemess ratio exceeds about 120 Le p> 120 ~ the column is considered “short” if the slendemess ratio is between 30 to 120, or melee > Radius of Gyr: From Mechanies, Where T= rectangular moment of inertia of the cross section of column, with respect to its neutral axis A = cross sectional area ofthe column For a solid citcular section of diameter D: thus, k= > ‘+ Equivalent or Effective Length of Column, Le: ‘The equivalent length of columns is usually based on the following models: Rowsledorpowwed ends One end rounded other ond fed F oy b st @ 4 Lt + F Fleedends (One end fired other end free In general, the effective lenath can be expressed in terms of a coefficient ’n” L Lem va Where L, = _column’s actual length between supports Le = equivalent length of column. n= end fixity coefficient For hinged ends, n= 1 For two ends fixed, n 4 For one end fixed, another end free, n Note: ‘A column may be described to have an arbitrary end fixity coefficient from 0.25 to 4, COLUMN FORMULAS 1. Buler’s formula ~ Applicable to Long columns only py =TEA a (de/k > about 120: structural steels ) Where F, = critical load of column; load at which buckling starts to occur F = actual load of column N= factor of safety (typically 2to 3.5 for column design using structural sels) ®R Machine Desin 12° Sem 2072-2023 _pasamnny & 2. J. B Johnson's formula: = Applicable to short columns se) FN =5,a|1—~—AEe Fr S, = yield strength of column material ‘Transition Point value of Slenderness Ratio: te), - PE © Forstructural steels, EB = 30x10 psi sy 42,000 psi fe], 120 ‘Thus, if Lyk > 120, the colurmn is. long; and if 30-Le/k=120, the column is shor. ‘© For other materials with different E and Sy, the transition point value should be computed before an appropriate column formula can be used. 3. Straight Line Formula = Analternative formula for the JLB Johnson's formula (also applicable to short columns) F.=FN [i- 0.0044(=)| This is more conservative than the J.B.J equation but simpler and more recommended to use in dasigning members, if more complex terms are involved. As presented by DME Faires: F ~ 16,000[1 -o.0044(“2)] K ek <120) (Structural steels: 3 Note: Above formula is also applicable to cast iron columns, but change 16,000 psi to 9,000psi only, and the slendemess ratio shoul be only 30

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