CHAPTER 7: SAFETY PRACTICES IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE

LESSON 14 : CAUSES OF COMMON SPORTS INJURY

Injuries are damaged tissues or organs which occurs when it encounters trauma or physical force
that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.

The Musculoskeletal Structures

1. Ligaments - stabilized joints

2. Tendons - attachment muscles to bones
3. Muscles - creates movements
4. Bones - anchor for muscles
5. Joints - fulcrum for movements

Direction of Force Applied to Musculoskeletal Structures

1.Compressive Forces- impact the center causing to bend or fold

2.Tensile Forces - are those that act away from the center of the structure causing a pull or
stretch.

3.Shear Forces - are opposing forces toward the different ends of structure causing it to twist.

2 Types of Sport Injuries

1.Acute Injuries

2.Chronic Injuries

Acute Injuries - have sign and symptoms ( ex. pain,swelling ) that manifest immediately after
force application.

Examples:

Sprains - an overstretch ligaments

Strain - caused by excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle- tendon unit.

Fractures - are breaks in the continuity of the bone.

Dislocations - are bones that are pushed out from their joint capsules

Chronic / Overuse Injuries - usually result from overuse of one area of the body and develop
gradually over time.

Examples:

Stress fractures - tiny cracks in a bone

Tendinophaty - any tendon condition that causes pain and swelling

Osteoarthritis - degenerative joint condition

Bursitis - inflammation of the bursae.