8B. POWER SCREWS Objectives of this Chapter ‘After completing this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Know the difference between threads that are used for transmitting power and that of screw fasteners. 2. Identify different power screw thread forms in terms of their dimensions, proportions, and application, 3. Know the useful formulas in the analysis and design of power screws in terms of torque requirement, efficiency, power, and stresses, 4. Solve problems, by considering various cases and different thread forms of power screw, using standard calculations and data Tables, Power Serew ‘A power screw is a mechanical device used to convert angular motion to linear motion and, usually, to transmit power. Ve Uncen) axial load of screw pitch of screw lead angular speed of screw linear velocity of the load attached to the smut = lead angle D, = rootdiameter D. = major diameter Machine Desion |_2* Sem 2022-2003 _nasarn nv & Da = mean diameter or pitch diameter D. = equivalent friction diameter of collar hy = tooth depth _ 2+, 2 Leap L=3P (@) Single, (b) double, and (¢) triple threaded ‘¢ Common Thread Forms for Power Screws 1. Seller's Square Thread sin(B +A): eqn. 0]: W = Reos(P +A) + eqn2 [em =o}: 7, = @(2):00n3 106‘ Torque Needed to Raise the Load For a square thread form only From eqns. 1, 2 and 3: wo, Tean(p +2) WDp [ f+ tand 2 li—feand f = tanp Forany thread form Above formula is affected by the pressure angle $ ofthe screw WDy [f + c05 tan} eee Where = pressure angle of thread $= OF for both square and buttress thread forms (7 is sometimes used for buttress threads) $= 145° for Acme threads $= 18° fortrapezoidal metric threads £ = coefficient of thread friction: f = tang 2 = toad angle: aL 2 = tant (a # Torque Needed to Overcome Collar Friction, 7. (EM, =o] Tes eg where Fie = fection force athe collar Fre = fee fe = coefficient of friction atthe collar N.= normal foree on the collar equival fiction diameter of the Hence collar fecwy(2) ® Machine Desion 1_2 Sem 2022-2028 __BASAEN.RV_G on woe 1, yn D. = equivalent fiton diameter atthe cll f= coefisint of fistionat the cellar # Total Torque Input, T Ty =Tr+Te iency of Screw, € Fora square thread form tand tan(B +A For any thread form _ tana (cos ~ f tani) G+ cos ptand) Where: B= thread friction angle = lead angle = pressure angle ‘ Efficiency of Serew and Collar To en = 7,7 100% Where: WD Shean a + Power Input of Serew Pinpue = Tr(Mserew) ‘* Power Output of Serew Panput = WV oad) + Torque Required to Lower the Load For a square thread form bi WD» ASBean(p 2) Wg | f= eon alee 107For any thread form: WDn 2 cos ptand) ‘os p+ Ftanal v Note: If Tis positive, the screw is self-locking = 87, (O) iis nota self-locking soew, no effor is necessary to lower the load. = FT, (4), serew is self-locking; is efficiency is generally ess than 50% Combined Stresses in Power Screws Normal Sires in the Screw w. S=m gPr Sear Sires in the Serew epee SDS Note: ‘Another shear stress duc to axial load Wis, w DEN, where, N; = mumber of threads of engagement between the screw and mut 1 = thickness of the thread. But this shear stress can be made negligible by increasing the length of engagement or having ‘mote engaged threads For Ductile Material, use the Maximum Shear Stress Equation Ssmex= |5,2+ (8) = 5 For a Brittle Material, use the Maximum Normal Stress Equation s. | : Bt [se Where: S- = normal stress inthe screw @R Machine Desion 12% Sem 2022-2023 BASAEN.RV_ GQ S. = shearstress in the screw normal design stress Seq shear design stress Jayce worm-year screw jack: Compact assembly of oer see and wor fear st that designed ‘jokin The gous rotate, serow moves avilly while "iting, or Fowerng the load Example 1: ‘A load of 70 KN is to be lifted by a 36 mm diameter single-threaded, square-form power screw having a pitch of 6 mm, The screw rotates at 48 rpm and is supported at the collar with a mean diameter of $0 mm. The coefficients of friction are 0.13 and 0.10 at the thread and collar, respectively. Determine the following: a. Linear velocity of the load in m/min bb, Power required to drive the screw ©. Efficiency of the screw d, Combined efficiency of screw and collar Solution: 108‘R Machine Design 1_2* Sem 2022-2023 BASAEN.RV_ GR Example 2: ‘A double-threaded, trapezoidal metric-form screw has pitch of 4mm and a mean diameter of 18mm. Its used as a translation screw in conjunction with a collar having an ‘outside diameter of 37mm and an inside diameter of 21mm, a) Find the required torque in N-m to mse a load of 400 kg if the coefficient of friction is 0.3 for both the threads and the collar. b)_ Solve part a) ifthe thread form is ACME, Note: From Disk Friction in Statics LUE LPR VX) eaivten icin Yr Ya vv mas Ly For New Surfaces, Uniform Pressure Method is more recommended. The equivalent friction radius 7, is given by: 1p - a? Pe For Old or Worn Surfaces, the Uniform Wear Method. jis more applicable. The equivalent friction radius 7. is given by: ve re=qD +d) ‘The friction diameter atthe collar is then De=2ry Solution: 109Example 3: A sluice gate is to be raised and lowered by means oftwo 274” standard single-threaded, square-form power screws tthe rate of 2pm. Consider a coefficient of thread friction of 0.125 and a collar friction of 0.03, due to the presence of a roller thrust bearing at each of the collars. The load is 60 tons. The coefficients of friction are 0.15 at the thread & 0.03 at the thrust bearing of each collar which is supported by a 4 inches diameter roller bearing, Determine the following: a) RPMof each screw b) Combined efficiency of screw and collar ©) Hp of motor required to operate the screws, considering a mechanical efficiency of 75% for the speed reducing equipment d) Maximum shear stress in each screw ©) Speed ratio necessary at the speed reducing, equipment ifthe driving motor runs at 1750 xpm, RR Machine Dosen 1 2 Sem2002.2095 nasa ev GK Speed Reducing Equipment, te = 75% Solution: LoExample 4: ‘A double-threaded ACME-form power screw of 50 ‘mm diameter is sed, The mut makes 1 tev pet em of axial travel. A force of 60 kg is applied at the end of a 750 mm Jong wrench used on the mut in raising the load. The mean diameter ofthe collar is 90 mm a) Ifthe coefficients of friction atthe thread is collar are 0.15 and 0.13, respectively, determine the weight W in kN that is being lifted b) Determine the maimum stress induced in the screw by considering a ductile screw material ©) What force applied at the end of the wrench vill lower the load? ACME form: = 14.5" Dy = 50mm f= 0.5P for ACME thread L= lemper rev: = L= 10mm 11® oustincDoieat 2" son rm22i03— nasasn.ny 'b) Compute the torque that should be absorbed by a brake, which is mounted on the serew, ifthe load is to be lowered at a uniform rate. Use f~ 0.125. with negligible collar friction, The axial load of the screw is 4 kips. ‘Solution: ameter, square-threaded power serew hes an efficiency of 66 % in raising & load. 2) [fithasa pitch of 0 S-inch, what type of multiple thread is it? 12Example 6: A 2" diameter square form, double thread screw is to be powered by a 2hp motor at a 48rpm. The coefficient of thread friction is 0.15 and the frictional torque of collar is 10 percent of the total torque input. The screw has 2.25 threads per inch. Estimate the capacity of the screw in terms of axial load that it can support. Solution: Double threaded screw: L=2P Square form: Dy = 2" p=1y(rPr) T.= 10% (T rad Dm = 2~ F655, Dy = 1.808" visto Dsien_2* sonzoma0n —nssass.n Standard Proportions of Power Screws Table 81 shows the siandad propotions of the common power screws in operation. It shouldbe noted that fora stand square tveaded screw, the toth dep in teams of the tad ph, is expresed as k= Zp. Some sources use ht discrepancies, _p, which results in slight computational ‘Table 8.1 of DME Faires PROPORTIONS OF POWER SCREWS The stub Acme tread has a height of 032. instead of SP SOUARE | ACMETHREADS | BUTTRESS THREADS (Suszested) size [RE] Minor | T| Rag | Sa] in | im | De | ae | sino | ator |e Da_| "De Ta Pare fiefs oats + Poa oa Fra Saxe [apo oas a ae [usta x Eas] ance | ooo oaao | — 30 Sas axee | a [ose oss0 | a0 Ss pass [oases ose | 6 ae a ia soos T 3 [oss tas | 12 13 aE Pas [ame [srs] 0 7s | 9 [rae prs pas] rs ms as [esse aa | ta [P1917 2080] —o [ame [spare as00 | [ams [saat passe] > Ts [ase [a [asm | rer [aoe [2 Paw —[ 3200 |S ae o_o [a PsP a300- [a 2 [ase [ae a 13