THE URINARY SYSTEM

Prepared by: Austria, Mabelle Course: DMD-1A

 THE URINARY SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
This study unit will help you to:
1. Identify the organs that comprise the urinary
system.
2. Learn their position in the abdominal and pelvic
cavities
3. Get familiar with the main functions of the urinary
organs individually, and the urinary system as a
whole.
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The urinary system is dived into two tracks:

Upper track:
1. Kidney
2. Uriters

Lower track:
1. Urinary bladder
2. Urethra
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The organs of the urinary system, also

callled excretory system, work
together to remove excess fluid and
other waste materials from the
bloodstream, and also to store,
transport and excrete urine from the
body.
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 THE URINARY SYSTEM
What do Kidneys do?
Average adult kidney weighs about 150
grams. And holds over 20% of total
blood volume.
Kidneys are pair of dark red,
fist-sized, bean-shaped organs that
sit on each side of our spine against
the posterior body wall.
Most of what's in our blood is
totally removed by the kidneys. Then
our body pulls back what it wants to
hold onto, before the rest is sent on
a one-way trip to bladder.
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Kidneys are Retroperitoneal.

It lies between the dorsal wall
and the peritoneum -
membrane that surrounds
the abdominal cavity - rather
than inside the cavity itself.
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Three distinct layers of Kidney:

Renal Cortex Renal Medulla

-set of cone-shaped
masses of tissue that
secretes urine into tiny
sac-like tubules.
Renal Pelvis
-funnel-shaped tube
surrounded by smooth muscle
that uses peristalsis to move
urine out of the kidney, into the
ureter, and to the bladder
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Large Renal Arteries

-where oxygenated
blood enters.
-filters about 120 to 140
liters of blood every day.

Capillaries
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Nephrons
Nephrons are where the real business
of blood-processing - "pee-making" -
begins. In three steps:

1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion

Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tube
Vesa Recta
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THE URINARY SYSTEM
Urine also contains over 3000 different
chemical compounds, and their varying
levels of concentration can tell us a lot
about what's going on in the body.

5% Solutes
95% Water
Urine
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URINE
COLOR CHART
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Different Varying levels of concentration of urines.
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THE URINARY SYSTEM
The Glomerular Filtration

Step 1 in pee-making is
through the process of
Glomerular filtration -- where
blood is filtered in the little
blood-filled balls of yarn that
are the glomeruli.

Glomerulus
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Kidneys
Once the urine leaves the
kidneys, it enters the ureters - a
pair of slender tubes that drop
down to the posterior urinary
bladder.
Ureters
Each ureters features a smooth
muscle tissue that contracts to
move the urine using
peristalsis.
Posterior Urinary Bladder
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THE URINARY SYSTEM

The bladder is a hollow,

collapsible sac that
temporarily stores urine.
Like the kidneys, it's
retroperitoneal, located
posterior to the public bone
and anterior to the rectum .
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The bladder wall is

consists of three
layers - inner mucosa
- surrounded by a
Inner mucosa detrusor - a muscular
layer wrapped in a
Detrusor fibrous protective
Outer membrane outer membrane.
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Our urine enters the thin

but muscular urethra by
passing through the
internal urethral sphincter.
The autonomic nervous
system keeps the urethral
sphincter cinched up
Urethral Sphincter whenever we're not
peeing to prevent leakage.
Urethra
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the detrusor contracts

the internal urethral sphincter

opens
the external urethral sphincter
opens
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THE URINARY SYSTEM
An area of the brain called
pons, contains two
different centers that lock
down our urination
control, or lack of it.
1. Pontine storage area - inhibits the
urination
2. Pontine Micturation Center - gives
it the green light
Poms
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And that's how

our Urinary System
works.

Prepared by: Austria, Mabelle Course: DMD-1A