5/6/22, 9:53 AM Session1_1

In [1]:
x=10

In [2]:
y=20

You can view a list of all the variables in the notebook using the magic command %whos.

In [8]:
%whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
x int 5
y int 20

In [5]:
whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
x int 10
y int 20

In [6]:
x=5

In [7]:
whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
x int 5
y int 20

In [9]:
%whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
x int 5
y int 20

In [10]:
x='a'

In [39]:
%whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
s str
w str Hello World
x str a
y int 20

In [40]:
del s

file:///C:/Users/GVPCOE/Desktop/Python sessions/Session1_1 (strings).html 1/5

5/6/22, 9:53 AM Session1_1

In [41]: %whos

Variable Type Data/Info

----------------------------
w str Hello World
x str a
y int 20

Strings
In [13]:
s=" "

In [14]:
print(s)

In [16]:
type(s)

str
Out[16]:

In [2]:
w = "Hello World"

In [3]:
print(w)

Hello World

In [4]:
type(w)

str
Out[4]:

A string is an array of characters, therfore it has length to indicate the size of the string. For example,
we could check the size of the string by using the built-in function len.

In [5]:
len(w)

11
Out[5]:

Strings also have indexes to indicate the location of each character, so that we could easily find out
some character. The index of the position start with 0

Indexing

H|e|l|l|o| |W|o|r|l|d

0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10

In [6]:
w[6]

file:///C:/Users/GVPCOE/Desktop/Python sessions/Session1_1 (strings).html 2/5

5/6/22, 9:53 AM Session1_1

Out[6]: 'W'

Negative indices- count backward from the end ofthe string. The expression w[-1] yields the last
letter, w[-2] yields the second to last, and so on

In [7]:
w[-1]

'd'
Out[7]:

In [9]:
w[-2]

'l'
Out[9]:

string slicing

In [20]:
w[6:11]

'World'
Out[20]:

[6:11] means the start position is from index 6 and the end position is index 10. For Python string
slicing range, the upper-bound is exclusive, which means that [6:11] is actually to slice the characters
from 6 -> 10

If you omit the first index (before the colon), the slice starts at the beginning of the string. If you
omit the second index, the slice goes to the end of the string:

In [21]:
w[6:]

'World'
Out[21]:

In [22]:
w[5:]

' World'
Out[22]:

In [23]:
w[:5]

'Hello'
Out[23]:

If the first index is greater than or equal to the second the result is an empty string, represented by
two quotation marks:

In [12]:
w[5:5]

''
Out[12]:

In [13]:
w[:]

file:///C:/Users/GVPCOE/Desktop/Python sessions/Session1_1 (strings).html 3/5

5/6/22, 9:53 AM Session1_1

Out[13]: 'Hello World'

In [14]:
w[-6:-2]

' Wor'
Out[14]:

In [24]:
w[6:-2]

'Wor'
Out[24]:

You can also use negative index when slice the strings, which means counting from the end of the
string. For example, -1 means the last character, -2 means the 2nd to last and so on

In [26]:
w[6:-1]

'Worl'
Out[26]:

In [28]:
w[6:-3]

'Wo'
Out[28]:

In [29]:
w[6:0]

''
Out[29]:

In [31]:
w[4:-1]

'o Worl'
Out[31]:

If you want every 2nd element

In [32]:
w[::2] #Hello World

'HloWrd'
Out[32]:

In [33]:
w[::3] #If you want every 3rd element

'HlWl'
Out[33]:

Now every third element starting from w[1]

In [15]:
w[1::3]

'eood'
Out[15]:

In [16]:
w[::-1]

file:///C:/Users/GVPCOE/Desktop/Python sessions/Session1_1 (strings).html 4/5

5/6/22, 9:53 AM Session1_1

'dlroW olleH'
Out[16]:

Strings are immutable

In [19]:
w[0]='j'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_936/4025190968.py in <module>
----> 1 w[0]='j'

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

In [23]:
w='Hello World'
w='J'+w[1:]
print(w)

Jello World
The word in is a boolean operator that takes two strings and returns True if the first appears as a
substring in the second:

In [24]:
'e' in w

True
Out[24]:

Looping and counting

In [25]:
word = 'banana'
count = 0
for letter in word:
if letter == 'a':
count = count + 1
print(count)

In [ ]:

file:///C:/Users/GVPCOE/Desktop/Python sessions/Session1_1 (strings).html 5/5